[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Mughals (1526–1857)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal) › [Bābur (1526–1530)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur) › [Bāburnāma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama) › [The Babur-nama in English (A. S. Beveridge)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge) › 933.6 # The Memoirs of Bābur 933.6 The Bābur-nāma in English (A. S. Beveridge) 933.6 - **Language:** English ### [933.6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.1) (\_c. Military movements.\_) (\_March 17th, 1527\_) On Saturday the 13th day of the second Jumāda of the date 933, a day blessed by the words, \_God hath blessed your Saturday\_, the army of Islām was encamped near the village of Kānwa, a dependency of Bīāna, hard by a hill which was 2 \_kurohs\_ (4 m.) from the enemies of the Faith. When those accursed infidel foes of Muḥammad's religion heard the reverberation of the armies of Islām, they arrayed their ill-starred forces and moved forward with one heart, relying on their mountain-like, demon-shaped elephants, as had relied the Lords of the Elephant\[2056\] who went to overthrow the sanctuary (\_ka\`ba\_) of Islām. "Having these elephants, the wretched Hindus Became proud, like the Lords of the Elephant; Yet were they odious and vile as is the evening of death, Blacker\[2057\] than night, outnumbering the stars, All such as fire is\[2058\] but their heads upraised In hate, as rises its smoke in the azure sky, Ant-like they come from right and from left, Thousands and thousands of horse and foot." ### [933.6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.2) They advanced towards the victorious encampment, intending \[Sidenote: Fol. 319.\] to give battle. The holy warriors of Islām, trees in the garden of valour, moved forward in ranks straight as serried pines and, like pines uplift their crests to heaven, uplifting their helmet-crests which shone even as shine the hearts of those \_that strive in the way of the Lord\_; their array was like Alexander's iron-wall,\[2059\] and, as is the way of the Prophet's Law, straight and firm and strong, \_as though they were a well-compacted building\_;\[2060\] and they became fortunate and successful in accordance with the saying, \_They are directed by their Lord, and they shall prosper\_.\[2061\] In that array no rent was frayed by timid souls; Firm was it as the Shāhanshāh's resolve, strong as the Faith; Their standards brushed against the sky; \_Verily we have granted thee certain victory\_.\[2062\] ### [933.6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.3) Obeying the cautions of prudence, we imitated the \_ghāzīs\_ of Rūm\[2063\] by posting matchlockmen (\_tufanchīān\_) and cannoneers (\_ra\`d-andāzān\_) along the line of carts which were chained to one another in front of us; in fact, Islām's army was so arrayed and so steadfast that primal Intelligence\[2064\] and the firmament (\_\`aql-i-pīr u charkh-i-as̤īr\_) applauded the marshalling thereof. To effect this arrangement and organization, Niẕāmu'd-dīn \`Alī Khalīfa, the pillar of the Imperial fortune, exerted himself strenuously; his efforts were in accord with Destiny, and were approved by his sovereign's luminous judgment. (\_d. Commanders of the centre.\_) ### [933.6.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.4) His Majesty's post was in the centre. In the right-hand of the centre were stationed the illustrious and most upright \[Sidenote: Fol. 319b.\] brother, the beloved friend of Destiny, the favoured of Him whose aid is entreated (\_i.e.\_ God), Chīn-tīmūr Sulṯān,\[2065\]—the illustrious son, accepted in the sight of the revered Allāh, Sulaimān Shāh,\[2066\]—the reservoir of sanctity, the way-shower, Khwāja Kamālu'd-dīn (Perfect-in-the Faith) Dost-i-khāwand,—the trusted of the sulṯānate, the abider near the sublime threshold, the close companion, the cream of associates, Kamālu'd-dīn Yūnas-i-\`alī,—the pillar of royal retainers, the perfect in friendship, Jalālu'd-dīn (Glory-of-the-Faith) Shāh Manṣūr \_Barlās\_,—the pillar of royal retainers, most excellent of servants, Niẕāmu'd-dīn (Upholder-of-the-Faith) Darwīsh-i-muḥammad \_Sārbān\_,—the pillars of royal retainers, the sincere in fidelity, Shihābu'd-dīn (Meteor-of-the-Faith) \`Abdu'l-lāh the librarian and Nīẕāmu'd-dīn Dost Lord-of-the-Gate. ### [933.6.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.5) In the left-hand of the centre took each his post, the reservoir of sovereignty, ally of the Khalīfate, object of royal favour, Sulṯān \`Alā'u'd-dīn \`Ālam Khān son of Sl. Bahlūl \_Lūdī\_,—the intimate of illustrious Majesty, the high priest (\_dastūr\_) of \_ṣadrs\_ amongst men, the refuge of all people, the pillar of Islām, Shaikh Zain of Khawāf,\[2067\]—the pillar of the nobility, Kamālu'd-dīn Muḥibb-i-\`alī, son of the intimate counsellor named above (\_i.e.\_ Khalīfa),—the pillar of royal retainers, Niẕāmu'd-dīn Tardī Beg brother of Qūj (son of) Aḥmad, whom God hath taken into His mercy,—Shīrafgan \[Sidenote: Fol. 320.\] son of the above-named Qūj Beg deceased,—the pillar of great ones, the mighty khān, Ārāīsh Khān,\[2068\]—the wazīr, greatest of wazīrs amongst men, Khwāja Kamālu'd-dīn Ḥusain,—and a number of other attendants at Court (\_dīwanīān\_). (\_e. Commanders of the right wing.\_) In the right wing was the exalted son, honourable and fortunate, the befriended of Destiny, the Star of the Sign of sovereignty and success, Sun of the sphere of the Khalīfate, lauded of slave and free, Muḥammad Humāyūn Bahādur. ### [933.6.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.6) On that exalted prince's right hand there were, one whose rank approximates to royalty and who is distinguished by the favour of the royal giver of gifts, Qāsim-i-ḥusain Sulṯān,—the pillar of the nobility Niẕāmu'd-dīn Aḥmad-ī-yūsuf \_Aūghlāqchī\_,\[2069\]—the trusted of royalty, most excellent of servants, Jalālu'd-dīn Hindū Beg \_qūchīn\_,\[2070\]—the trusted of royalty, perfect in loyalty, Jalālu'd-dīn Khusrau Kūkūldāsh,—the trusted of royalty, Qawām (var. Qiyām) Beg \_Aūrdū-shāh\_,—the pillar of royal retainers, of perfect sincerity, Walī \_Qarā-qūzī\_ the treasurer,\[2071\]—the pillar of royal retainers, Niẕāmu'd-dīn Pīr-qulī of Sīstān,—the pillar of wazīrs, Khwāja Kamālu'd-dīn \_pahlawān\_ (champion) of Badakhshān,—the pillar of royal retainers, \`Abdu'l-sḥakūr,—the pillar of the nobility, most excellent of servants, the envoy from \`Irāq Sulaimān Āqā,—and Ḥusain Āqā the envoy from Sīstān. On \[Sidenote: Fol. 320b.\] the victory-crowned left of the fortunate son already named there were, the sayyid of lofty birth, of the family of Murtiẓā (\`Alī), Mīr Hama (or Hāma),—the pillar of royal retainers, the perfect in sincerity, Shamsu'd-dīn Muḥammadī Kūkūldāsh and Niẕāmu'd-dīn Khwājagī Asad \_jān-dār\_.\[2072\] In the right wing there were, of the amīrs of Hind,—the pillar of the State, the Khān-of-Khāns, Dilāwar Khān,\[2073\]—the pillar of the nobility, Malik Dād \_Kararānī\_,—and the pillar of the nobility, the Shaikh-of-shaikhs, Shaikh Gūran, each standing in his appointed place. ### [933.6.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.7) (\_f. Commanders of the left wing.\_) In the left wing of the armies of Islām there extended their ranks,—the lord of lofty lineage, the refuge of those in authority, the ornament of the family of \_T̤a Ha\_ and \_Ya Sin\_,\[2074\] the model for the descendants of the prince of ambassadors (Muḥammad), Sayyid Mahdī Khwāja,—the exalted and fortunate brother, the well-regarded of his Majesty, Muḥammad Sl. Mīrzā,\[2075\]—the personage approximating to royalty, the descended of monarchs, \`Ādil Sulṯān son of Mahdī Sulṯān,\[2076\]—the trusted in the State, perfect in attachment, \`Abdu'l-'azīz Master of the Horse,—the trusted in the State, the pure in friendship, Shamsu'd-dīn Muḥammad \`Ali \_Jang-jang\_,\[2077\]—the pillar of royal retainers, Jalālu'd-dīn Qūtlūq-qadam \_qarāwal\_ (scout),—the pillar of royal retainers, the perfect in sincerity, Jalālu'd-dīn Shāh Ḥusain \_yārāgī Mughūl Ghānchī\_(?),\[2078\]—and Niẕāmu'd-dīn Jān-i-muḥammad \_Beg Ātāka\_. Of amīrs of Hind there were in this division, the scions of sulṯāns, Kamāl Khān and Jamāl Khān sons of the Sl. \`Alā'u'd-dīn \[Sidenote: Fol. 321.\] above-mentioned,—the most excellent officer \`Alī Khān Shaikh-zāda of Farmūl,—and the pillar of the nobility, Niẕām Khān of Bīāna. (\_g. The flanking parties.\_) ### [933.6.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.8) For the flank-movement (\_tūlghāma\_) of the right wing there were posted two of the most trusted of the household retainers, Tardīka\[2079\] and Malik Qāsim the brother of Bābā Qashqa, with a body of Mughūls; for the flank-movement of the left wing were the two trusted chiefs Mūmin Ātāka and Rustam \_Turkmān\_, leading a body of special troops. (\_h. The Chief of the Staff.\_) The pillar of royal retainers, the perfect in loyalty, the cream of privy-counsellors, Niẕāmu'd-dīn Sulṯān Muḥammad \_Bakhshī\_, after posting the \_ghāzīs\_ of Islām, came to receive the royal commands. He despatched adjutants (\_tawāchī\_) and messengers (\_yasāwal\_) in various directions to convey imperative orders concerning the marshalling of the troops to the great sulṯāns and amīrs. And when the Commanders had taken up their positions, an imperative order was given that none should quit his post or, uncommanded, stretch forth his arm to fight. (\_i. The battle.\_) One watch\[2080\] of the afore-mentioned day had elapsed when the opposing forces approached each other and the battle began. As Light opposes Darkness, so did the centres of the two \[Sidenote: Fol. 321b.\] armies oppose one another. Fighting began on the right and left wings, such fighting as shook the Earth and filled highest Heaven with clangour. The left wing of the ill-fated pagans advanced against the right wing of the Faith-garbed troops of Islām and charged down on Khusrau Kūkūldāsh and Bābā Qashqa's brother Malik Qāsim. ### [933.6.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.9) The most glorious and most upright brother Chīn-tīmūr Sulṯān, obeying orders, went to reinforce them and, engaging in the conflict with bold attack, bore the pagans back almost to the rear of their centre. Guerdon was made for the brother's glorious fame.\[2081\] The marvel of the Age, Muṣṯafa of Rūm, had his post in the centre (of the right wing) where was the exalted son, upright and fortunate, the object of the favourable regard of Creative Majesty (\_i.e.\_ God), the one \_distinguished by the particular grace of the mighty Sovereign who commands to do and not to do\_ (\_i.e.\_ Bābur), Muḥammad Humāyūn Bahādur. This Muṣṯafa of Rūm had the carts (\_arābahā\_)\[2082\] brought forward and broke the ranks of pagans with matchlock and culverin dark like their hearts(?).\[2083\] In the thick of the fight, the most glorious brother Qāsim-i-ḥusain Sulṯān and the pillars of royal retainers, Niẕāmu'd-dīn Aḥmad-i-yūsuf and Qawām Beg, obeying orders, hastened to their help. And since band after band of pagan troops followed each other to help their men, so we, in our turn, sent the trusted in the State, the glory of the Faith, Hindū Beg, and, after him, the pillars of the nobility, Muhammadī Kūkūldāsh and Khwājagī Asad \_jān-dār\_, and, after them, the trusted in \[Sidenote: Fol. ### [933.6.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6.10) 322.\] the State, the trustworthy in the resplendent Court, the most confided-in of nobles, the elect of confidential servants, Yūnas-i-'alī, together with the pillar of the nobility, the perfect in friendship, Shāh Manṣūr \_Barlās\_ and the pillar of the grandees, the pure in fidelity, \`Abdu'l-lāh the librarian, and after these, the pillar of the nobles, Dost the Lord-of-the-Gate, and Muḥammad Khalil the master-gelder (\_akhta-begī\_).\[2084\] --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.babur.baburnama~en-beveridge.933.6) · Pramāṇa