[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Mughals (1526–1857)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal) › [Jahāngīr (1605–1627)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir) › [Pādshāh-nāmah](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri) › Bádsháh-náma, of 'Abdu-l Hamíd Lahorí (Elliot & Dowson, extracts) # Bádsháh-náma, of 'Abdu-l Hamíd Lahorí (Elliot & Dowson, extracts) Translation of [Padshah-namah (Pādshāh-nāmah)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri) - **Language:** English - **Date:** 1877 CE - **Translators:** [Henry Miers Elliot](https://indike.org/pramana/person/elliot), [John Dowson](https://indike.org/pramana/person/dowson) - **Extent:** 112 passages, 21,616 words - **Text:** complete digital text - **Source:** archive.org · The History of India, as told by its own Historians. The Muhammadan Period. The posthumous papers of Sir H.… · Public domain (published before 1930) ## Contents - [1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.1) - [2 Accession of Shah Jahan.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.2) - [3 Rebellion of Jajhar Singh.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.3) - [4 Second Year of the Reign, 1038 A.H. (20th December, 1628 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.4) — 4 parts - [5 Third Year of the Reign, 1039 A.H. (1629 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.5) - [6 Murder of Jadu Rai.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.6) - [7 Campaign against Nizám Sháh and Khán-Jahán.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7) — 11 parts - [8 Capture of the Fort of Mansur-garh.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.8) - [9 Flight of Khan-Jahan.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.9) - [10 Fourth Year of the Reign, 1040 a.h. (1630 a.d.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.10) - [11 Flight of Khan-Jahan.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.11) - [12 Capture of the Fort of Dharur.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.12) - [13 Death of Khan-Jahan Lodi.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.13) - [14 Attack on Parenda.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.14) - [15 Famine in the Dakhin and Gujarat.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.15) - [16 Capture of the Fort of Situnda.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.16) - [17 Capture of Kandahar.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.17) - [18 Death of the Queen 'Aliya Begam.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.18) - [19 Nizam Shah.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.19) - [20 Operations against 'Adil Khan.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.20) - [21 Fifth Year of the Reign, 1041 a.h. (1631 a.d.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.21) - [22 Campaign against Bijapur.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.22) — 5 parts - [23 Return of the Court from Burhanpur to Agra.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.23) - [24 Capture of the Port of Hugli.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.24) — 6 parts - [25 Surrender of the Fort of Galna.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.25) - [26 Sixth Year of the Reign, 1042 A.H. (1632 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.26) - [27 Destruction of Hindu Temples.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.27) - [28 Conquest of Daulatábád.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.28) — 10 parts - [29 Christian Prisoners.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.29) - [30 Last of the Nizam Shahs.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.30) - [31 Seventh Year of the Reign, 1043 a.h. (1633 a.d.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.31) - [32 March of Prince Shah Shuja' against Parenda.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.32) - [33 Death of Khán-khánán.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.33) - [34 Eighth Year of the Reign, 1044 A.H. (1634 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.34) - [35 The Peacock Throne.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.35) - [36 Rebellion of Jajhár Singh Bundela and his son Bikramájít.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.36) — 7 parts - [37 Ninth Year of the Reign, 1045 A.H. (1635 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.37) - [38 Farman to Kutbu-l Mulk (of Golkonda).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.38) - [39 Despatch of the Imperial army against Sahu and other Nizam-Shahis.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.39) — 4 parts - [40 Campaign against Bíjápúr.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.40) - [41 Campaign of Khan-Jahan.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.41) - [42 Campaign of Khan-zaman.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.42) - [43 'A'dil Khan of Bijapur.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.43) - [44 Prince Aurangzeb, Governor of the Dakhin.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.44) - [45 Tenth Year of the Reign, 1046 A.H. (1636 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.45) - [46 Conquest of the Fort of Junir and Settlement of the Dakhin.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.46) - [47 Nizamu-l Mulk.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.47) - [48 The Bundelas.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.48) - [49 Storm at Thatta.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.49) - [50 Conquest of Tibet.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.50) — 3 parts - [51 Eleventh Year of the Reign, 1047 A.H. (1637 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.51) - [52 Capture of Kandahar and other forts.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.52) - [53 Rebellion in Kúch-Hájú.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.53) - [54 Conquest of Baglána.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.54) - [55 Twelfth Year of the Reign, 1048 A.H. (1638 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.55) - [56 \[Submission of Manik Rai, the Mag Raja of Chatgam.\]](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.56) - [57 Little Tibet.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.57) - [58 Thirteenth Year of the Reign, 1049 A.H. (1639 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.58) - [59 'Ali Mardan's Lahore Canal.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.59) - [60 FOURTEENTH YEAR OF THE REIGN, 1050 A.H. (1640 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.60) - [61 FIFTEENTH YEAR OF THE REIGN, 1051 A.H. (1641 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.61) - [62 Death of Ásaf Khán Khán-khánán.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.62) - [63 Sixteenth Year of the Reign, 1052 A.H. (1642 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.63) - [64 Seventeenth Year of the Reign, 1053 A.H. (1643 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.64) - [65 Eighteenth Year of the Reign, 1054 A.H. (1644 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.65) - [66 Nineteenth Year of the Reign, 1055 A.H. (1645 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.66) - [67 Campaign against Balkh and Badakhshan.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.67) - [68 Twentieth Year of the Reign, 1056 A.H. (1646 A.D.).](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.68) - [69 Aurangzeb sent to Balkh.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.69) - [70 The Emperor proceeds to Kábul.](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.70) ## Text ### [1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.1) \[Text, vol. i. p. 69.\] The Emperor Jahángír died on the 28th Safar, A.H. 1037 (28th October, 1627), at the age of fifty-eight years and one month, solar reckoning. Prince Shahriyár, from his want of capacity and intelligence, had got the nickname of Ná-shudaní, "Good-for-nothing," and was commonly known by that appellation. He now cast aside all honour and shame, and before Sháh Jahán had started (from the Dakhin), he repudiated his allegiance, and went off in hot haste to Lahore to advance his own interests. Núr Mahal, who had been the cause of much strife and contention, now clung to the vain idea of retaining the reins of government in her grasp, as she had held them during the reign of the late Emperor. She wrote to Ná-shudaní, advising him to collect as many men as he could, and hasten to her. Yamínu-d daula Ásaf Khán and Irádat Khán, who always acted together, determined that, as Sháh Jahán was far away from Agra, it was necessary to take some steps to prevent disturbances in the city, and to get possession of the princes Muhammad Dárá Shukoh, Muhammad Sháh Shujá', and Muhammad Aurangzeb, who were in the female apartments with Núr Mahal. They therefore resolved that for some few days they would raise to the throne Bulaki, the son of Khusru, who, by Nur Mahal's contrivance, had been placed with Na-shudani, but who had been put under the charge of Iradat Khan by Jahangir when Na-shudani returned to Lahore from Kashmir. \* \* So they placed Bulaki on horseback, and, with a party of men in whom they had full confidence, they commenced their march, taking care to keep one day ahead of Nur Mahal. \* As the young princes were not safe with Nur Mahal, they removed her from the royal palace, and took the young princes under their own charge; but when Bulaki had been raised to the throne, they were placed in charge of Sadik Khan. ### [2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.2) \[Text, vol. i. p. 82.\] Shah Jahan ascended the throne at Agra on the 18th Jumada-s sani, 1037 A.H. (6th Feb. 1628), with the title of Abu-l Muzaffar Shahabu-d din Muhammad Sahib Kiran-i sani. ### [3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.3) \[Text, vol. i. p. 238.\] Jajhar Singh was son of Raja Nar Singh Deo Bundela, who rose into notice by killing Shaikh Abu-l Fazl, the celebrated author of the Akbar-nama, when Jahangir was heir apparent. \* In obedience to orders from the Emperor Akbar, the Shaikh was hastening to Court from the Dakhin with a small escort. Jahangir was jealous of the Shaikh's devotion to his father, and was apprehensive that his arrival would interfere with his own plans. \* \* So he incited Nar Singh Deo to kill him as he passed through his territory. This evil-minded man, from lust of gold, placed a large force of horse and foot in ambush, and fell upon the Shaikh. The followers of the Shaikh advised him to fly and escape, but he refused, and fell in the year 1011 A.H. (1602 A.D.). After the accession of Jahangir to the throne, Nar Singh Deo rose into favour and distinction through this wicked deed. But his evil nature was unable to bear his prosperity, and towards the end of the reign of Jahangir he became disaffected, and oppressed all the zamindars in his neighbourhood. \* \* He died three or four months before Jahangir, and was succeeded by his son Jajhar Singh. The wealth and property which Nar Singh Deo had amassed without labour and without trouble unsettled the mind of his worthless successor Jajhar, and at the accession of Shah Jahan, \* \* he left the capital Agra, and proceeded to Undcha, his stronghold, where he set about raising forces, strengthening the forts, providing munitions of war and closing the roads. A force was accordingly sent against him, under the command of Mahabat Khan Khan-khanan. \[The Imperial forces converged upon Undcha, and\] Jajhar Singh, having no hope of escape, waited upon Khan-khanan and made his submission. Just at this time intelligence arrived that 'Abdu-lla Khan had taken the fortress of Irich, which had been in the possession of Jajhar Singh. ### Second Year of the Reign, 1038 A.H. (20th December, 1628 A.D.). ### [4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.4.1) \[Text, vol. i. p. 272.\] The anniversary of the accession was on the 1st of Jumada-s sani. After the death of Jahangir, and before the accession of Shah Jahan, Khan-Jahan Lodi entered upon a dangerous and disloyal course. \* \* He formed an alliance with Nizamu-l Mulk, and gave up to him the Balaghat in the Dakhin, the revenue of which amounted to fifty-five krors of dams. But Sipahdar Khan, who held Ahmadnagar, bravely and loyally refused to surrender that city. Khan-Jahan summoned to his presence all the Imperial servants who were in those parts. He left a small force at Burhanpur under the command of Sikandar Dotani, who was related to him, while he himself marched with a large force to Mandu, with the intention of taking possession of Malwa, which province was then under the government of Mir 'Abdu-r Razzak, who had received the title of Muzaffar Khan. Shah Jahan proceeded from Ahmadabad by way of Ajmir to Agra, and there ascended the throne. \* \* The news of this event awakened Khan-Jahan and brought him to a sense of his folly and wickedness. Raja Gaj Singh, Raja Jai Singh, and other distinguished Rajputs who had accompanied him to Mandu, parted from him when they heard of Shah Jahan having arrived at Ajmir. Thereupon Khan-Jahan wrote a letter of contrition and obedience, in the hope of obtaining forgiveness. A royal farman was sent in answer, informing him that he was confirmed in the governorship of the Dakhin, and directing him to return at once to Burhanpur. ### [4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.4.2) He then retired from Malwa to Burhanpur, and engaged in the duties of his office. But when it was reported to the Emperor that the country of Balaghat, which Khan-Jahan had given to Nizamu-l Mulk, still remained in his possession, and had not been recovered, the Emperor appointed Mahabat Khan to the governorship of the Dakhin. Khan-Jahan then returned to Court. The Emperor paid little heed to the reports and observations about his improper conduct, and for eight months passed no rebuke upon him. He still continued moody and discontented, and ready to listen to the incitements and suggestions of mischievous men. \* \* One night Lashkari, son of Mukhlis Khan, in a malicious, mischief-making spirit, told the son of Khan-Jahan that he and his father were to be made prisoners on the following day or the next. \* \* The son told his father, whose apprehensions were instantly aroused by this malicious report, and he kept close to his quarters with two thousand Afghan followers. His Majesty asked Yaminu-d daula Asaf Khan the reason why Khan-Jahan did not attend the darbar, and after inquiry had been made, it was ascertained that he had fears and suspicions, and he begged for a letter under the Emperor's signature, forgiving him all his offences, and relieving him from all his fears. \* \* The Emperor graciously acceded to his request, and sent him a kind letter under his own hand. He then came to Court and paid his respects. ### [4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.4.3) But Fortune was aggrieved with him, and so his perverse temper prevented him from appreciating the Emperor's kindness. On the night of Safar 26, the men of Yaminu-d daula brought in the intelligence that Khan-Jahan meditated flight, and he sent to inform the Emperor. \* \* After the first watch of the night, Khan-Jahan, with his nephew Bahadur and other relations and adherents, began his flight. As soon as the Emperor was informed of it, he sent Khwaja Abu-l Hasan and \* \* in pursuit of the fugitive. Unmindful of the smallness of their own force and the numbers of the Afghans, they followed them and overtook them in the vicinity of Dholpur. The fugitives saw their road of escape was closed; for the waters of the Chambal were before them and the fire of the avenging sword behind. So they posted themselves in the rugged and difficult ground on the bank of the river, and, fearing to perish in the waters, they resolved upon battle. \* \* \[After many were killed and wounded\], Khan-Jahan, with his two sons and several followers, resolved to hazard the passage of the Chambal, although the water was running high. He and his followers, wounded and unwounded, in great peril and with great exertion, succeeded in crossing over, thus escaping from the fire of battle and the waters of the stream. Many horses and much baggage fell into the hands of the royal forces. ### [4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.4.4) \* \* A party gathered to follow up the fugitives, but on reaching the bank of the river, it was found that it could not be crossed without boats, and an endeavour was made to collect some. Khwaja Abu-l Hasan came up when one pahar of the day remained, and after consultation it was resolved to stay there for the night, and rest the horses, which had made a long and fatiguing march. Boats were collected, and the whole force passed over before noon next day, and recommenced the chase. But the fugitives pressed forward with all haste, and threw themselves into the jungles of Jajhar Singh Bundela. When the traitor (Khan-Jahan) entered the territory of Jajhar Singh Bundela, that chieftain was absent in the Dakhin; but his eldest son Bikramajit was at home, and sent the rebel out of the territory by unfrequented roads. If Birkramajit had not thus favoured his escape, he would have been either taken prisoner or killed. He proceeded to Gondwana, and after staying there some time in disappointment and obscurity, he proceeded by way of Birar to the country of Burhan Nizamu-l Mulk. ### [5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.5) \[Text, vol. i. p. 300.\] On the 21st Ramazan Khwaja Abu-l Hasan and \* \* \* altogether about 8000 horse, were sent to effect the conquest of Nasik and Trimbak and Sangamnir. It was settled that the Khwaja was to stay at some suitable position near the fort of Alang during the rainy season until he was joined by Sher Khan from the province of Gujarat with his provincial levies. After the end of the rains he was to march by way of Baglana, and, taking with him some of the zamindars of the country, make his way to Nasik. The Khwaja marched from Burhanpur, and in eight days reached the village of Dholiya, near the fort of Alang, and there halted until the rains should cease. \* \* Sher Khan, Subadar of Gujarat, joined with 26,000 men, and the Khwaja sent him to attack the fort of Batora, in the vicinity of Chandor, near Nasik and Trimbak. Sher Khan ravaged the country, and returned with great spoil. ### [6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.6) \[Text, vol. i. p. 308.\] Jadu Rai, with his sons, grandsons, and other relations, held altogether from the Imperial Government mansabs amounting to 24,000 (personal), and 15,000 horse. He also had sundry Jágírs in the Dakhin as tankhwáh, so that he lived in wealth and comfort. But he was fickle and unfaithful, and went with his sons and relations to join the Nizám. But the Nizám well knew his perfidy, and resolved to put him in confinement. For this purpose the Nizám arranged with some of his servants to seize Jádú Rái, and he summoned him to his presence. Accordingly Jádú attended the Court with his family. The armed men who were in concealment suddenly attacked them, and killed him, his two sons Ujla and Raghu, and his grandson Baswant. His brother Jagdeo Rái, with Bahádur-jí his son, his wife and the others who escaped, fled from Daulatábád to Sindghar, near Jálnapúr, in their native country. ### Campaign against Nizám Sháh and Khán-Jahán. ### [7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.1) \[Text, vol. i. p. 316.\] 7th Rabí'u-l awwal. When the rains were over, 'Ázam Khán and the great nobles who were with him left Dewalgánw, where they had rested during the rainy season, and marched against the rebel Afgháns. \* \* ### [7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.2) At the conclusion of the rains, Khwája Abu-l Hasan also, according to orders, marched from the vicinity of the fort of Alang by way of Baglána towards Násik and Trimbak. When he reached Baglána, the zamíndár of that country, by name Bahar-jí, met him with four hundred horse. \* \* The Khwája entered the enemy's country by way of the ghát of Jaráhí. He found that the revenue officers and raiyats had left their villages, and had retired into the jungles and hills. So the country was desolate, corn was dear, and the soldiers of the royal army were in want of necessaries. The Khwája then sent detached forces into the hills, and also into the inhabited country, and they returned from each raid with abundance of corn and other necessaries, having killed or taken prisoners many of the enemy. The Be-Nizami now appointed Mahaldar Khan with a party of horse and foot to vex the royal army at night with rockets. He was also directed to attack the parties sent out to gather fuel and fodder, and to carry off their camels and bullocks whenever he could get a chance. Shah-nawaz Khan was sent against these assailants, and he, making a forced march of twenty kos, attacked them and put them to flight, and returned with great plunder. The Khwaja next sent Khan-zaman to attack the enemy's camp at Sangamnir. This force made forced marches, and reached the camp of the enemy, who dispersed and fled to the fort of Chandor. \* \* ### [7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.3) At the close of the rains, the royal army left its quarters in Dewalganw, and marched forth against the Nizam-Shahis and the Afghans. On hearing of this, Mukarrab Khan and the other rebels left Jalnapur, where they had passed the rainy season, and retreated towards Pathri. 'Azam Khan, being informed of their retreat, followed them march by march. When he reached the village of Rambhuri, on the Ban-ganga river, he learnt that the Nizam-Shahis had ascended the Balaghat at Dharur, and had taken refuge in the fort of that place, while Khan-Jahan had not yet left his quarters at Bir. Khan-Jahan, having been informed of the movements of the Imperial army, called in a detachment which he had sent to collect the revenues in the dependencies of Bir, and awaited the arrival of reinforcements from Mukarrab Khan, who was at Dharur. 'Azam Khan conceived the design of attacking the forces of the rebel Khan before the reinforcements could reach him; so he marched from Rambhuri to Mahganw. Here he received a message from Saf-shikan Khan Razwi, commandant of the fort of Bir, informing him that Khan-Jahan was at Rajauri, twenty-four kos from Machhli-ganw, employed in dividing the spoil which his predatory followers had obtained by plundering the merchants at Kehtun and Kiorai. Several detachments which had been sent out to make collections had rejoined him, and as he had heard of the arrival of the Imperial army at Pathri, he had made up his mind to move off as soon as it came nearer to Bir. ### [7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.4) 'Azam Khan left a detachment in charge of his camp at Machhli-ganw to follow him quietly while he marched off after night-fall to attack the rebels. Four gharis of night remained when he reached Pipalnir, six kos from Bir, when he directed Saf-shikan Khan to make a demonstration with his force on Khan-Jahan's flank, so that he might think this small force to be the whole of the royal army, and refrain from moving away. Saf-shikan Khan accordingly drew out his force upon a ridge about a kos in front of the rebel army, which had taken post at the foot of the hills about four kos from Bir. 'Aziz, son of Khan-Jahan, advanced to attack Saf-shikan with a body of his father's troops, and at this juncture 'Azam Khan came up with the main body of the royal array, and 'Aziz was compelled to fall back in disorder to his father, whom he informed that the force which had first shown itself was Saf-shikan Khan's division, and that the whole of the royal army was coming up with all possible haste. Khan-Jahan, when he found that his retreat was cut off, determined to fight it out. \* \* But the royal troops forced their way to the top of the hill. Khan-Jahan sent away the elephant litter with his women to Siu-ganw, and then rallied his troops for a struggle. He sent his nephew Bahadur, in whose courage and daring he had great confidence, against Bahadur Khan and some others of the royal army, who, being few in number, were very hard pressed. ### [7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.5) They dismounted, and, resolving to sell their lives dearly, they kept up a desperate struggle, and slew many of the enemy. Bahadur Khan received two wounds from arrows, one in his face, the other in his side, and several of his comrades were slain. Narhar Das also and many Rajputs fell. Sipahdar Khan and others, who had mounted the hill on the right, seeing the state of the battle, took shelter behind a stone wall, and kept up a discharge of arrows. Raja Bihar Singh Bundela now came up from the right wing to support Bahadur Khan. He joined valiantly in the struggle, and many of his men were killed. Raja Jai Singh and other rajas who were on another part of the hill, also joined in the fight. 'Azam Khan next came up in haste, and ordered a part of the left wing to advance. At this time, when many of the Imperial officers had fallen, and the result seemed doubtful, the favour of Heaven fell upon the royal forces. The ill-starred Bahadur, observing the successive arrivals of reinforcements for his adversaries, lost heart, and turned to flee with his Afghans. His father also fled. As the discomfited rebels hurried down the hill, they were harassed by showers of arrows and bullets. A ball struck Bahadur Khan, and he was unable to continue his flight. Paras Ram, a servant of Raja Bihar Singh's, came up and despatched him with his dagger; then he cut off his head, and sent it with his ring, horse and weapons, to Raja Bihar Singh, who forwarded them to 'Azam Khan. ### [7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.6) The Khan gave the horse to the man who had slain Bahadur, the ring he sent to the Emperor, and the head he caused to be set up as a warning over the gate of Bir. The royal forces pursued the fugitives for three kos, and put many of them to the sword. But as the victors had been in the saddle from the first watch in the evening of one day to the third watch of the next day, and had marched more than thirty kos, men and beasts were both worn out, and were unable to go further. 'Azam Khan then called a halt, to allow of a little rest, and to give stragglers time to come up. ### [7.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.7) Khan-Jahan and his followers, whose horses were fresh, took advantage of this to improve their distance; but 'Azam Khan sent Muhammad Dakhni and the forces that were in Bir to maintain the pursuit, and he himself, after a brief interval, followed with the main force. When Khan-Jahan learnt that the victors were in full pursuit, he removed his ladies from the howda in which they had been carried by a female elephant, and mounting them on horses rode away with them. Darwesh Muhammad, with a party of pursuers, captured the elephant and howda, and made a number of Afghans and their women prisoners. Most of Khan-Jahan's men who escaped were wounded, and in their panic they were able to carry off nothing but the clothes they wore and the horses they rode. Khan-Jahan, with a few faithful followers, escaped into the hill-country. \* \* 'Azam Khan halted at Bir, to give his army a little rest. \* \* Khan-Jahan then proceeded from Siu-ganw to Bizapuri and Bhonsla, in the Nizam-Shahi territory, with the design of going to Daulatabad. On hearing of this movement, 'Azam Khan marched from Bir towards Siu-ganw with 20,000 horse. ### [7.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.8) At this time, Sahu-ji Bhonsla, son-in-law of Jadu Rai, the Hindu commander of Nizam Shah's army, came in and joined 'Azam Khan. After the murder of Jadu Rai, which has been mentioned above, Sahu-ji broke off his connexion with Nizam Shah, and, retiring to the districts of Puna and Chakna, he wrote to 'Azam Khan, proposing to make his submission upon receiving a promise of protection. 'Azam Khan wrote to Court, and received orders to accept the proposal. Sahu-ji then came and joined him with two thousand horse. He received a mansab of 6000, a khil'at, a gift of two lacs of rupees, and other presents. His brother Mina-ji received a robe and a mansab of 3000 personal and 1500 horse. Samaji son of Sahu-ji, also received a robe and a mansab of 2000 personal and 1000 horse. Several of their relations and dependents also obtained gifts and marks of distinction. ### [7.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.9) Khan-Jahan and Darya Khan, when they heard of the march of the Imperial forces towards Siu-ganw, quitted Bizapur and Bhonsla, and went to the village of Lasur, ten kos from Daulatabad. Nizam Shah also, on being informed of this advance, withdrew from Nizamabad, which he had built outside of the fort of Daulatabad, and around which his adherents had built various houses and edifices, and entered into the fort itself. Khan-Jahan and Darya Khan, no longer deeming it safe to remain at Lasur, went to fr-Kahtala, half a kos from Daulatabad, and a few days later Khan-Jahan removed his family to Aubash-darra, a place within cover of Daulatabad. Darya Khan, with a thousand Afghans, separated from Khan-Jahan, marched towards Chandor, and the ghat of Chalis-ganw, with the intention of attacking Andol and Dharan-ganw. This movement being reported to the Emperor, \* \* he appointed 'Abdu-lla Khan, whom he had summoned from the Balaghat, to act against Darya Khan, and sent him off on the 10th Jumada-l awwal. Darya Khan had ravaged Andol, Dharan-ganw, and sundry other places of the Payin-ghat of Chalis-ganw; but on hearing of the approach of 'Abdu-lla Khan, he turned back to the Balaghat. Want of rain and the ravages of the Nizam-Shahis and Afghans, had made provisions very scarce about Daulatabad; ### [7.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.10) so 'Azam Khan did not deem it prudent to advance in that direction, but thought it preferable to march against Mukarrab Khan and Bahlol, who were at Dharur and Ambajogai, in which plan of operations he was confirmed by a letter from Yaminu-d daula, who was at Ojhar. So he marched towards the ghat by way of Manik-dudh. \[After some fighting\] the royal forces ascended the ghat and took the village of Damanganw, twenty kos from Ahmadnagar. Next day they marched to Jamkhir, in the Nizam-Shahi territories. \* \* Leaving a force there, he next day proceeded to Tilangi. The garrison of the fort there had set it in order, and opened fire upon him. \* \* But in the course of one watch he took it by assault, put many of the defenders to the sword, took nearly five hundred prisoners, and captured all the munitions of the fort. When the royal forces reached the banks of the Wanjara, twelve kos from the fort of Uhartir, they found that Mukarrab Khan and his confederates had passed down the pass of Anjan-dudh, and had gone to the neighbourhood of Bir. 'Azam Khan then sent Sahu-ji Bhonsla to take possession of the districts around Junir and Sangamnir, whilst he himself, with the main force, went through the pass of Ailam to the town of Bir, and proceeded from thence to Partur, on the bank of the river Dudna. The enemy then fled towards Daulatabad. ### [7.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.7.11) But 'Azam Khan learnt that scarcity of provisions prevented them from remaining in that vicinity, and that they had moved off towards the Balaghat, by way of Dharur. He then determined to intercept and attack them. But he found that the enemy, having placed their elephants and baggage in the fort of Dharur, had the design of descending the Payin-ghat. So he went through the pass of Anjan-dudh, and encamped three kos from Dharur. ### [8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.8) \[Text, vol. i. p. 332.\] In the course of the past year, Bakir Khan had proceeded to the pass of Khera-para, two kos from Chhatardawar. This is a very narrow pass, between the territories of Kutbu-l Mulk and Orissa, and a small force of musketeers and archers might hold it in security. He ravaged the country round, but when the rains set in, he retired without making any attempt upon the fort of Mansur-garh, which a slave of Kutbu-l Mulk's, named Mansur, had built about four kos from Khera-para. After the rains, under the royal orders, he again marched to Khera-para. Sher Muhammad, and other officers of Kutbu-l Mulk, had collected about 3000 horse and 10,000 foot, and having strengthened the fort with guns, muskets, and other implements of warfare, they made ready for battle. \* \* On the 8th Jumada-l awwal, Bakir Khan arrived in the vicinity of Mansur-garh, and found the enemy drawn up in a plain north-east of the fort. \* \* The enemy were unable to withstand the assault of the royal forces, but broke and fled. Flushed with victory, Bakir Khan resolved to attack the fort. Notwithstanding a heavy fire of cannons and muskets, he advanced to the base of the walls, planted his scaling-ladders, and began to ascend. The garrison being dismayed, took grass between their teeth, as is the manner of that country, and begged for quarter. Bakir Khan allowed them to march out in safety, and then placed a garrison of his own in the fort. ### [9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.9) \[Text, vol. i. p. 334.\] The territories of Nizamu-l Mulk, had suffered severely from the inroads of the Imperial forces in pursuit of Khan-Jahan, and mistrust and differences had arisen between the Nizam and Khan-Jahan; so the latter, in concert with Darya Khan, his chief adherents, and his remaining sons, resolved to retire to the Panjab, in order to seek the means of carrying on his insurrection among the disaffected Afghans of that country. So he left Daulatabad and proceeded towards Malwa. The Emperor, by his sagacity and foresight, had anticipated such a movement, and had sent 'Abdu-lla Khan to Malwa, in order to chastise Darya Khan. After Darya had returned to the Balaghat, 'Abdu-lla Khan was directed to wait at the Payin-ghat, and to hasten after Darya Khan, wherever he might hear of him. Having got intelligence of his movements, 'Abdu-lla Khan went after him, and reported the facts to Court. On the 24th Jumada-l awwal, the Emperor \* \* appointed Saiyid Muzaffar Khan to support 'Abdu-lla Khan, \* \* \* and on the 25th Rabi'u-l awwal, he marched towards Malwa. He was directed to proceed by way of Bijagarh, and to cross the Nerbadda near Mandu. \* \* If he found 'Abdu-lla Khan there, he was directed to join him. He marched with all speed, and crossed the Nerbadda at Akbarpur. 'Abdu-lla Khan having heard that Khan-Jahan had crossed at Dharampur, he crossed the river at the same ford, and encamped at Lonihara. There he ascertained that on the 28th Jumada-l awwal, Khan-Jahan had moved off. He then proceeded to Dipalpur, where he learnt that the rebels were plundering the neighbourhood of Ujjain, and he marched to Nulahi in search of them. ### [10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.10) Fourth Year of the Reign, 1040 a.h. (1630 a.d.). ### [11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.11) \[Text, vol. i. p. 338.\] On the 4th, 'Abdu-lla Khan reached Nulahi, and Saiyid Muzaffar Khan, having left Dipalpur, reached Mankod on the 5th, on his way to Mandisor, when he learnt that the rebels had turned off to the right. On the 6th, he again marched, and came to Tal-ganw, and on that day 'Abdu-lla Khan came up from the rear and joined him. There they heard that the rebels were ten kos distant the day before, and had moved off that very morning. So they hastened off in pursuit. On the 10th they encamped at Khiljipur, and ascertained that the rebels were moving towards Sironj. The royal forces reached Sironj on the 14th, and found that the rebels had come there two days previously. Khwaja Baba-e Aftab got into the city just before their arrival, and joining Khwaja 'Abdu-l Hadi, who was in the place, beat off the rebels, who only succeeded in carrying off fifty of the royal elephants. Khan-Jahan and Darya Khan now found the roads closed on all sides against them. Every day that came they looked upon as their last, so in their despair they proceeded on the right from Sironj, and entered the country of the Bundela, intending to push on to Kalpi. Jajhar Singh Bundela had incurred the royal censure because his son Bikramajit had allowed Khan-Jahan on his flight from Agra to pass through his territory and so reach the Dakhin. Bikramajit, to atone for his fault, and to remove the disgrace of his father, went in pursuit of the fugitives, and on the 17th came up with the rear-guard under Darya Khan, and attacked it with great vigour. That doomed one, under the intoxication of temerity or of wine, disdained to fly, and in his turn attacked. A musket-ball pierced his brainless skull, and his son was also killed. The Bundelas attacked him under the impression that he was Khan-Jahan, but that crafty one hastened from the field in another direction. Bikramajit cut off the head of Darya Khan, and also of his son, and sent them to Court, thus atoning for his former fault. Nearly four hundred Afghans and two hundred Bundelas were slain in the fight. For this service Bikramajit received the title of Jag-raj, and was advanced to the dignity of 2000 personal and 2000 horse. ### [12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.12) \[Text, vol. i. p. 339.\] 'Azam Khan, having ascended the pass of Anjan-dudh, encamped three kos from Dharur. He then directed Multafit Khan and others to make an attack upon the town of Dharur and its petta, where once a week people from all parts, far and near, were accustomed to meet for buying and selling. The fort of Dharur was celebrated throughout the Dakhin for its strength and munitions of war. It was built upon the top of a ridge, and deep rivers of difficult passage ran on two sides of it. It was so secure that any effort upon it by the royal army was likely to prove unsuccessful ; so Marhamat Khan was directed to plunder the town and petta, but not to make any attempt upon the fortress. \* \* \* The garrison became disheartened, and remiss in their duty. \* \* On the 23rd Jumada-s sani Marhamat Khan made his way in with a party of men, and opened the wicket. 'Azam Khan then entered with all his officers, and nearly two thousand men scaled the walls and got into the fort. All the vast munitions, the jewels, etc., became spoil of war. ### [13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.13) \[p. 348.\] The unhappy Khan-Jahan was greatly distressed and dismayed by the death of Darya Khan. Having no hope except in evasion, he fled and sought obscurity ; but the royal forces pursued him closely. On the 28th Jumada-s sani, on arriving at the village of Nimi, in the country of Bhinder, the royal army learned that Khan-Jahan was about eight kos from that place. The long march they had made, and the company of many men who had been wounded in Jag-raj's action, prevented the royal forces from marching very early, but they drew near to the rebel. Khan-Jahan, on hearing of their approach, sent off some of his Afghans, whose horses were knocked up, with the little baggage that was left ; while he himself, with nearly a thousand horse, prepared to encounter Muzaffar Khan. The fight was sharp, great valour was exhibited, and many fell on both sides. \* \* Khan-Jahan was wounded, his son Mahmud was killed with many of his followers, and further resistance was useless ; so he again fled. Being hard pressed, he was every now and then obliged to abandon an elephant, so that before reaching Kalinjar twenty elephants had fallen into the hands of the pursuers, and some were caught by Raja Amar Singh of Bandher. When Khan-Jahan approached Kalinjar, Saiyid Ahmad, the commandant of that fortress, came out to attack him. He killed several men, and took some prisoners. Hasan, another son of Khan-Jahan, was made prisoner ; with him were captured twenty-two of the royal elephants, which Khan-Jahan had taken at Sironj. Khan-Jahan lost his tugh and banner, and fled with a handful of followers. By great exertion he travelled twenty kos that day, and reached the borders of Sahenda, where he was to end his mortal life. 'Abdu-lla Khan Bahadur and Saiyid Muzaffar Khan pursued him closely with their forces in array. Khan-Jahan was much afflicted at the loss of his sons and faithful followers. All hope of escape was cut off ; so he told his followers that he was weary of life, that he had reached the end of his career, and there was no longer any means of deliverance for him; he desired, therefore, that every man should make off as best he could. A few determined to stand by him to the last, but many fled. The advanced forces of the royal army under Madhu Singh now came up. Khan-Jahan, with his son 'Aziz, who was the dearest of all, and Aimal, and the Afghans who remained constant, placed their two remaining elephants in front, and advanced to meet Muzaffar Khan. They made their charge, and when Khan-Jahan found that they were determined to take him, he alighted from his horse and fought desperately. In the midst of the struggle Madhu Singh pierced him with a spear, and before Muzaffar Khan could come up the brave fellows cut Khan-Jahan, his dear son 'Aziz and Aimal, to pieces. About a hundred of his adherents fell, and their heads were cut off, but a party escaped. A grandson of Saiyid Muzaffar Khan and twenty-seven other royalists were slain. The heads of Khan-Jahan, 'Aziz, and Aimal were sent to the Imperial Court. Farid, a son of Khan-Jahan, was taken and placed in confinement. Another son, named Jan-i Jahan, had fled and taken refuge in Sahenda with the mother of Bahadur Khan. 'Abdu-lla Khan sent for him, and then despatched him in custody to Court. \* \* \* The heads of the rebels were placed over the gate of the fort. After their victory, 'Abdu-lla Khan and Saiyid Muzaffar Khan came to Court, and received many marks of favour. The former was advanced to a mansab of 6000 and 6000 horse, and he received the title Firoz-Jang. Saiyid Muzaffar Khan was promoted to a mansab of 5000 and 5000 horse. He received the title Khan-Jahan. ### [14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.14) \[Text, vol. i. p. 356.\] 'Azam Khan was in the neighbourhood of Parenda, intent upon the reduction of that fortress, and the capture of the elephants and stores which had been sent there. \* \* He sent Raja Jai Singh with a detachment to ravage the town and petta. The Raja first plundered the petta, which was about a kos distant on the left of the fortress. He then attacked the town, which was surrounded by a mud (kham) wall five gaz high and three gaz thick, and by a ditch of three cubits (sih zara') broad (?). He broke through the walls by means of his elephants, and the musketeers of the garrison then fled into the ditch of the fort. The town was plundered. 'Azam Khan then arrived, \* \* \* and entered the town, to secure the elephants belonging to the enemy, which had been taken into the ditch of the fortress. Seven elephants were seized and brought out, and much other booty was secured. \* \* 'Azam Khan pressed the siege, and the troops drove zigzags up to the edge of the ditch in three places, and began to fill it up. He raised a battery exactly opposite the gate of the fortress, at the distance of an arrow-shot from the moat. He then pushed his zigzags to the very edge of the moat, and there raised a battery, to which the men in the Sher-Haji found it very difficult to reply. It now became evident that 'Adil Khan, through his tender years, had no real power, but that the reins of government were in the hands of a slave named Daulat, who had been originally a minstrel (kalawant), and whom the King's father, Ibrahim 'Adil, had ennobled with the title of Daulat Khan, and had placed in command of the fortress of Bijapur. This ungrateful infamous fellow, after the death of Ibrahim, assumed the title "Khawass Khan," and delivered the government over to a mischievous turbulent brahman, named Murari Pandit. This same Daulat put out the eyes of Darwesh Muhammad, the eldest son of Ibrahim 'Adil Khan by the daughter of Kutbu-l Mulk, and demanded his daughter in marriage, thus bringing to infamy the name and honour of his indulgent patron. The 'Adil-Khanis and the Nizam-Shahis had now made common cause and were united. The siege of Parenda had gone on for a month. Provender had throughout been difficult to procure, and now no grass was to be found within twenty kos. So 'Azam Khan was obliged to raise the siege, and to go to Dharur. \* \* \* The 'Adil-Khanis retreated before 'Azam Khan, and he encamped on the banks of the Wanjira. Next day he captured the town and fort of Balni, which the inhabitants defended in the hope of receiving assistance. After plundering the place, he marched to Mandu, and from Mandu to Dharur. ### [15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.15) \[Text, vol. i. p. 362.\] During the past year no rain had fallen in the territories of the Balaghat, and the drought had been especially severe about Daulatabad. In the present year also there had been a deficiency in the bordering countries, and a total want in the Dakhin and Gujarat. The inhabitants of these two countries were reduced to the direst extremity. Life was offered for a loaf, but none would buy; rank was to be sold for a cake, but none cared for it; the ever-bounteous hand was now stretched out to beg for food; and the feet which had always trodden the way of contentment walked about only in search of sustenance. For a long time dog's flesh was sold for goat's flesh, and the pounded bones of the dead were mixed with flour and sold. When this was discovered, the sellers were brought to justice. Destitution at length reached such a pitch that men began to devour each other, and the flesh of a son was preferred to his love. The numbers of the dying caused obstructions in the roads, and every man whose dire sufferings did not terminate in death and who retained the power to move wandered off to the towns and villages of other countries. Those lands which had been famous for their fertility and plenty now retained no trace of productiveness. \* \* \* The Emperor in his gracious kindness and bounty directed the officials of Burhanpur, Ahmadabad, and the country of Surat, to establish soup kitchens, or alms-houses, such as are called langar in the language of Hindustan, for the benefit of the poor and destitute. Every day sufficient soup and bread was prepared to satisfy the wants of the hungry. It was further ordered that so long as His Majesty remained at Burhanpur 5000 rupees should be distributed among the deserving poor every Monday, that day being distinguished above all others as the day of the Emperor's accession to the throne. Thus, on twenty Mondays one lac of rupees was given away in charity. Ahmadabad had suffered more severely than any other place, and so His Majesty ordered the officials to distribute 50,000 rupees among the famine-stricken people. Want of rain and dearness of grain had caused great distress in many other countries. So under the directions of the wise and generous Emperor taxes amounting to nearly seventy lacs of rupees were remitted by the revenue officers — a sum amounting to nearly eighty krors of dams, and amounting to one-eleventh part of the whole revenue. When such remissions were made from the exchequer, it may be conceived how great were the reductions made by the nobles who held jagirs and mansabs. ### [16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.16) \[Text, vol. i. p. 370.\] Sipahdar Khan, after obtaining possession of the fort of Taltam (by the treachery of the garrison), laid siege to Situnda, by command of the Emperor, and pressed the place very hard. Sidi Jamal, the governor, offered to surrender on terms which were agreed to; so he and his family came out, and the fort passed into the possession of the Imperialists. ### [17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.17) \[p. 374.\] Nasiri Khan had been placed in command of a force, with instructions to conquer the kingdom of Telingana. He resolved upon reducing the fort of Kandahar, which was exceedingly strong, and the most famous one of that country. It was under the command of Sádik, the son of Yákút Khudáwand Khán, and was in full state of preparation. On the 23rd Jumáda-l awwal he encamped one kos from the fortress. Next day he prepared to attack the town of Kandahár; but before reaching the place he was opposed by Sarfaráz Khán, the general commanding in that country, who had taken up a position between the fort and the town, and having covered his front with artillery, awaited the attack. He was protected also by the guns and muskets of the fortress. The royal army attacked with great vigour, and killed a great many of the enemy. Sarfaráz Khán with a few followers fled to the Nizám-Sháhís. After this Nasírí Khán pushed on the siege. \* \* \* Randaula, Mukarrab Khán, and others, with a united force of 'Ádil-Khánís and Nizám-Sháhís, came up to attack him in his trenches. Undismayed by this fresh enemy, he boldly faced his assailants; and although he had also to bear the fire of the guns and muskets of the fortress, he defeated them with considerable loss, and compelled them to fall back a distance of three kos. Out of twenty-one mines which had been opened, six were complete; three were charged with powder, and three were kept in reserve. 'Azam Khán, who had marched to support Nasírí Khán, now approached, and Nasírí Khán went forth to meet him, and to bring him to see the springing of the mines and the assault upon the fortress. The match was applied to the three mines; one failed, but the other two brought down the wall of the Sher-Hájí with half a bastion. The garrison kept up a discharge of rockets, mortars, stones and grenades, but the storming parties pressed on. The conflict raged from mid-day till sunset, but the wall of the fortress was not sufficiently levelled, and the defenders kept up such a heavy fire that the assailants were forced to retire. At night the trenches were carried forward, and preparations were made for firing the other mines. The garrison saw that the place must fall, and \* \* \* made offers of surrender, which were accepted, and the Imperial troops took possession of the fortress. \* \* The siege had lasted four months and nineteen days, and the place fell on the 15th Shawwal. ### [18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.18) \[Text, vol. i. p. 384.\] On the 17th Zi-l ka'da, 1040, died Nawab 'Aliya Begam, in the fortieth year of her age, to the great grief of her husband the Emperor. \* \* \* She had borne him eight sons and six daughters. The third child and eldest son was Muhammad Dara Shukoh, the fourth Muhammad Shah Shuja, the sixth Muhammad Aurangzeb, the tenth Murad Bakhsh. ### [19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.19) \[p. 395.\] A letter from Sipahdar Khan informed the Emperor how Fath Khan, feeling that his release from confinement by Nizam Shah had been a matter of necessity, and that he would be imprisoned again as soon as his master's mind was at ease, he had resolved to be beforehand with him, and had placed Nizam Shah in confinement, as his father Malik 'Ambar had done before. \* \* \* Fath Khan then addressed a letter to Yaminu-d daula Asaf Khan, informing him that he had placed Nizam Shah in confinement on account of his evil character and his enmity to the Imperial throne, for which act he hoped to receive some mark of favour. In answer he was told that if he wished to prove his sincerity, he should rid the world of such a worthless and wicked being. On receiving this direction, Fath Khan secretly made away with Nizam Shah, but gave out that he had died a natural death. He placed Nizam Shah's son Husain, a lad of ten years old, on the throne as his successor. He reported these facts to the Imperial Court, and was directed to send the jewels and valuables of the late king, and his own eldest son as a hostage. ### [20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.20) \[Text, vol. i. p. 404.\] Muhammad 'Adil Khan (of Bijapur), through youth, inexperience, and evil counsellors, especially a slave named Daulat (who had assumed the title of Khawass Khan), had shown himself unfaithful to the Imperial throne, and regardless of the allegiance paid by his father. The Emperor commissioned Yaminu-d daula Asaf Khan to arouse him from his negligence and disregard of his duty. Asaf Khan was empowered to demand from him a return to obedience and the payment of tribute. If he agreed to these terms, he was to be left alone; if not, as much as possible of his territory was to be conquered, and the rest laid waste. ### [21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.21) Fifth Year of the Reign, 1041 a.h. (1631 a.d.). ### Campaign against Bijapur. ### [22.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.22.1) \[p. 411.\] Asaf Khan proceeded on his expedition, and arrived at Nander, where he remained two days. There he left the main part of his army, and proceeded express to the fort of Kandahar, which he inspected. One stage further on he came to the fort of Bhalki. \* \* \* Orders were given for the reduction of the place, and entrenchments were commenced, but it was resolved to attempt the capture of the place by escalade at night. The garrison got notice of this, and evacuated the place under cover of darkness. \* \* \* Asaf Khan then marched towards Kalanor, a flourishing place belonging to 'Adil Khan. When he arrived at Sultanpur, near the city of Kulbarga, the general in command had taken the principal inhabitants into the fort of Kulbarga, which was well armed with guns, muskets, and other instruments of war. Next day 'Azam Khan, under the directions of Asaf Khan, made an attack upon the town, and carried it, notwithstanding a heavy fire from the fort. ### [22.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.22.2) The victors plundered whatever they could lay their hands on, and captured many horses in the ditch of the fortress. Asaf Khan did not deem it expedient to attempt the reduction of the fortress, as it would have been a difficult undertaking and a cause of delay; so he retired, and encamped near the river Nahnura. Then he advanced to the vicinity of Bijapur, and encamped on the borders of a tank between Nauras-pur and Shahpur. The enemy every day came out of the ditch into the plain, and there was a warm interchange of rockets, arrows, and musketry. But although the enemy kept up also a heavy fire from the fortifications, they were regularly driven back to the shelter of the walls. Asaf Khan used to take every precaution for the safety of the detachments which went out every day to collect fodder, but the army was large and the animals numerous, so this was no easy matter. ### [22.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.22.3) The enemy were constantly on the alert, and struck whenever they got an opportunity. \* \* \* At the beginning a man named Shaikh Dabir, one of the confidants of Khawass Khan, came out with overtures of peace and offers of tribute; but as they were not worthy of trust, they were rejected. Afterwards Mustafa Khan, son-in-law of Mulla Muhammad Lahori, kept up a secret correspondence with Asaf Khan, expressing his devotion and proposing to admit the Imperial troops into the fortress. \* \* \* After much negociation, it was agreed that Mustafa Khan and Khairiyat Khan Habshi, uncle of Randaula, should come to Asaf Khan and arrange for the transmission of tribute and the settlement of the terms of peace. Accordingly both came out of Bijapur, \* \* \* and it was finally agreed that 'Adil Khan should send tribute to the value of forty lacs of rupees in jewels, valuables, elephants, and money, and that he should ever after remain faithful to his allegiance. A treaty in these terms was accordingly drawn up. \* \* \* The two negociators returned to Bijapur, and Shaikh 'Abdu-r Rahim Khairabadi went in with them to obtain 'Adil Khan's signature to the treaty. ### [22.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.22.4) On the third day the Shaikh was sent back with a message that they would send out their own wakils with the treaty. Next day they came out with certain propositions that Asaf Khan considered reasonable, and he accepted them. It was agreed that the treaty should be sent out next day. As they were about to depart, one of the wakils, who was a confidant of Mustafa Khan, dropped a letter of his before Asaf Khan, without the knowledge of his companion. The letter said that Khawass Khan was well aware that provender was very scarce in the Imperial army; that the fetching of grass and fuel from long distances was a work of great toil to man and beast; and that in consequence it would be impossible for the Imperial army to maintain its position more than a few days longer. Khawass Khan had therefore resolved to have recourse to artifice and procrastination, in the expectation that Asaf Khan would be obliged to raise the siege and retire baffled. ### [22.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.22.5) The siege had lasted twenty days, and during that time no corn had reached the army, and before its arrival the enemy had laid waste all the country round, and carried off the grain to distant places. The provisions which the army had brought with it were all exhausted, and grain had risen to the price of one rupee per sir. Men and beasts were sinking. So it was resolved, after consultation, that the royal army should remove from Bijapur into some better supplied part of the enemy's country, that the Imperial army might be recruited, and the territory of the enemy be wasted at the same time. With this intention the royal army marched along the bank of the Kishan Ganga to Rai-bagh and Miraj, two of the richest places in that country. Wherever they found supplies they rested, and parties were sent out to plunder in all directions. On whatever road they went they killed and made prisoners, and ravaged and laid waste on both sides. From the time of their entering the territories to the time of their departure they kept up this devastation and plunder. The best part of the country was trodden under, and so, as the forces had recovered strength and the rains were near, the royal army passed by the fort of Sholapur, and descended by the passes into the Imperial territories. 15,000 men of the enemy, who had followed them to Sholapur, then turned back to Bijapur. ### [23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.23) The Emperor being tired of his residence at Burhanpur, resolved to return to the capital; so he set out on the 24th Ramazan, \* \* and arrived there on the 1st Zi-l hijja, 1241 A.H. Affairs in the Dakhin had not been managed so well as they ought to have been by 'Azam Khan; so a mandate was sent to Mahabat Khan Khan-khanan, informing him that the government of Khandesh and the Dakhin had been conferred upon him, and he was directed to make the necessary preparations as quickly as possible, and start from Dehli to meet the Emperor and receive instructions. Yaminu-d daula Asaf Khan, with 'Azam Khan and other nobles under his command, were directed to return to Court. ### Capture of the Port of Hugli. ### [24.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.mughal.jahangir.padshah-namah-abd-al-hamid-lahauri~en-elliot.24.1) Under the rule of the Bengalis (dar 'ahd i Bangaliyan) a party of Frank merchants, who are inhabitants of Sandip, came trading to Satganw. One kos above that place, they occupied some ground on the bank of the estuary. Under the pretence that a building was necessary for their transactions in buying and selling, they erected several houses in the Bengali style. In course of time, through the ignorance and negligence of the rulers of Bengal, these Europeans increased in number, and erected large substantial buildings, which they fortified with cannons, muskets, and other implements of war. In due course, a considerable place grew up, which was known by the name of the Port of Hugli. On one side of it was the river, and on the other three sides was a ditch filled from the river. European ships used to go up to the port, and a trade was established there. The markets of Satganw declined and lost their prosperity. The villages and districts of Hugli were on both sides of the river, and these the Europeans got possession of at a low rent. Some of the inhabitants by force, and more by hopes of gain, they infected with their Nazarene teaching, and sent them off in ships to Europe. In the hope of an everlasting reward, but in reality of an exquisite torture, they consoled themselves with the profits of their trade for the loss of rent which arose from the removal of the cultivators. _First 41 of 120 passages. 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