[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate) › [Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri) › [Tabakat-i-Nasiri](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty) › 124 # The Nāṣirī Generations 124: VI. SULTAN JALAL-UD-DIN, MAHMUD SON OF I-YAL-ARSALAN. Tabakat-i-Nasiri 124 - **Language:** English ### VI. SULTAN JALAL-UD-DIN, MAHMUD SON OF I-YAL-ARSALAN. ### [124.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.1) Mahmud, son of I-yal-Arsalan, Sultan Shah-i-Jalal-ud-Din, was a rash and impetuous monarch. When his brother, Takish, assumed the throne of Khwarazm, dissension arose between them, and he \[Sultan Shah\] went from Khwarazm towards Khurasan, and from thence came into the states of Ghur, and presented himself at the Court of Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din, Muhammad-i-Sam. Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din, and his Maliks treated him with honour and deference. Between the Sultans of Ghur and Sultan Takish a firm compact existed; and some parts of Khurasan had fallen into the possession of the Amirs of the Ghuzz tribe, and some to the slaves of the Sanjari dynasty, whilst others had become dependencies of the Court of Ghur and Firuz-koh, and of Bamian. Sultan Shah solicited assistance from the Ghurian Sultans to enable him to liberate Khurasan from the hands of his brother and the Ghuzz Amirs. They assigned him a fief for the present, and he was furnished with all things necessary as a guest; but they continued to observe the treaty between themselves and his brother, Sultan Takish, and hesitated to furnish him with the aid he sought. ### [124.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.2) Sultan Shah \[consequently\] left the territory of Ghur, and proceeded to Mawar-un-Nahr and Turkistan, and sought assistance from the Great Khan of Khita; and brought an army, and freed Khurasan from the oppressive grasp and possession of the Ghuzz chiefs, and their tyranny. He made Marw his capital, and marched an army against Hirat, and invested Fusanj; and made raids razm, and that Marw was in danger, he abandoned the attempt; and, on reaching Amulah, left his army, and taking fifty picked men with him, made for Marw, passed through Takish’s army, and succeeded in throwing himself into Marw. Next day, on hearing of this feat, Takish marched away to Shad-yakh, and, in Rabi’-ul Awwal, 582 H., invested Sanjar Shah, and his Ata-bak, Manguli Beg, therein. After two months an accommodation was entered into, and several men of rank were left there by Takish to carry out the terms, and he departed for Khwarazm. Manguli Beg, as soon as Takish had marched away, seized his officers and delivered them over to Sultan Shah; and they were kept in durance for a long time by him, until a truce was brought about between the brothers, which, however, was but of short duration. After the truce, Takish again moved against Shad-yakh, secured Manguli Beg, and then returned to his capital, Khwarazm. Sultan Shah, being ambitious of possessing Shad-yakh, now seized the opportunity and marched against it. ### [124.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.3) He invested it for a time, but, finding the defenders had the best of it, he raised the investment and set out for Sabzwar, and invested that place. It capitulated on terms on the intercession of a holy man, and Sultan Shah, in conformity with those terms, entered it, remained an hour, and departed for Marw again. In Muharram, 583 H., Takish again appeared before Shad-yakh, and it was forced to submit, and Manguli Beg came forth and capitulated. Sultan Takish entered it in Rabi’-ul-Awwal of that year. Manguli was compelled to disgorge the wealth he had deprived others of, and was afterwards delivered over to the son of an Imam, whose father he had put to death unjustly, to suffer death according to the law of kisas or retribution. Three months afterwards, Takish having set out for Khwarazm, Sultan Shah, finding the coast clear, made another effort to get possession of Shad-yakh; but, although the walls were for the most part destroyed, the place was obstinately defended. Takish marched into Khurasan again on becoming aware of this movement on Sultan Shah’s part, and the latter, hearing of Takish’s entering Khurasan, burnt his battering-rams and made off. Takish remained all the cold season in Khurasan, preparing for a campaign in Azarbaijan, and nearly all the Amirs of Khurasan, who had hitherto not presented themselves, now joined him. ### [124.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.4) In the spring he returned from Azarbaijan, and encamped in the plain of Radakan of Tus, an accommodation having been come to between the brothers in 585 H., whereby Sultan Shah was left in possession of considerable territory in Khurasan, such as Jam, Bakhurz, and other districts. Takish ascended the throne at Radakan of Tus \[but not before\], and soon after set out for Khwarazm. Peace continued between them until after the affair at Marw-ar-Rud with the Shuris, with whom Sultan Shah had previously been on the most brotherly terms, in which Sultan Shah was compelled to retire, and his power became much broken, when, having infringed some of the stipulations with his brother in 586 H., Takish again marched to Sarakhs, which Sultan Shah had made the depository of his treasures and military material. It was taken; but, subsequently, another accommodation having been arranged, it was restored to Sultan Shah, who again repaired it. In 588 H., Takish having entered ’Irak at the solicitation of Kutlugh Inanaj \[see page 167, and note\], against Sultan Tughril, Saljuki, Sultan Shah seized the opportunity, marched with his forces against Khwarazm, and invested it; but, hearing of the return of his brother from the ’Irak expedition, he abandoned the investment, and retired into his own territory. Takish having passed the winter at Khwarazm, marched against his brother, Sultan Shah, in the followupon the frontiers of the territory of Ghur, and created tumult and disorder. ### [124.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.5) Some of the nobles and slaves of the Sanjari dynasty joined him — such as Baha-ud-Din, Tughril, who was governor of Hirat, and used constantly to harass and afflict the frontiers of the kingdom of Ghur. Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din, Muhammad-i-Sam, gave instructions so that his Sultans, namely, Sultan-i-Ghazi, Mu’izz-ud-Din, Muhammad-i-Sam, from Ghaznin, Sultan Shams-ud-Din, Muhammad, from Bamian, and Malik Taj-ud-Din-i-Harab, from Sistan, all assembled, marched, and joined Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din, after which they set out for the purpose of repelling Sultan Shah. They advanced into the valley of the river of Marw, and pitched their camp between Dazak \[Dajzak ?\] and Marw-ar-Rud, while Sultan Shah moved his forces from Marw farther up; and, for a period of six months, the two armies, Ghuris and Turks, were arrayed confronting each other. Sultan Shah used to display great audacity and boldness, and was in the constant habit of cutting off the foragers \[of the Ghurian army\], whence it arose that Malik Kutb-ud-Din, I-bak, the Turk, of Hindustan, who, at that time, was Amir-i-Akhur \[lord of the stables — master of the horse\] of the Ghaznin \[ruler\], was taken prisoner by the troops of Sultan Shah. ### [124.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.6) Matters went on in this manner, until, at the expiration of six months, an engagement took place, and Sultan Shah had not the power to resist his opponents, for the troops of Ghaznin crossed the river Murgh-ab and attacked the army of Sultan Shah, who, unable to repel them, or make a stand before them, was defeated; and, perplexed and distracted, he retired towards Marw again. Malik Baha-ud-Din, Tughril, of Hirat, who was with Sultan Shah's army, fell into the hands of the troops of Bamian; and they brought his head to the presence of Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din, and he commanded them to take it to Hirat. Sultan Shams-ud-Din of Bamian \[likewise\], on that day, was assigned a chatr \[canopy\]; and he was honoured with the title of Sultan. When they brought the head of Tughril to Hirat, a Poet repeated these lines:— “The head of Tughril, which he carried higher than the altitude of the heavens, And which possessed the jewel and diadem of haughtiness and pride, Without a body, hath to Hari, a spectacle come, For this reason, that he had an inclination for Hari in his head.” Sultan Shah, having been thus defeated, and his army routed and dispersed, retired to Marw; and this affair and this victory took place in the year 588 H. ### [124.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124.7) Sultan Shah was \[it appears\] troubled with a complaint, for which every year he used to take a small quantity of a certain poison, in order to cure it; and, in that same year, the complaint increased, and as a remedy against it he took somewhat more of the antidote, and it killed him, and he died. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.124) · Pramāṇa