[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate) › [Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri) › [Tabakat-i-Nasiri](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty) › 244 # The Nāṣirī Generations 244: Anecdote. Tabakat-i-Nasiri 244 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [244.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1) — 10 parts - [244.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2) — 9 parts - [244.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3) — 9 parts - [244.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4) — 8 parts - [244.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5) — 9 parts - [244.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.6) — 8 parts - [244.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.7) — 10 parts - [244.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.8) — 9 parts - [244.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.9) — 8 parts - [244.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.10) — 8 parts - [244.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.11) — 4 parts ### Anecdote. ### [244.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.1) They have related that there was a monarch at the acme of felicity and the zenith of dominion. He had a son of extreme beauty and sagacity, merit and innocence. That monarch commanded, so that wherever wise, intelligent, learned, and accomplished persons were \[to be found\], they got them together for the purpose of instructing that son ; and one of those accomplished men, who was superior to the others, and excelled the rest in a variety of wisdom, knowledge, and learning, and various arts and sciences, was selected by the monarch, and placed in charge of the education of that light of his eyes, his son. The king commanded, saying : It is necessary that this son of mine should acquire instruction in, and information respecting, the theory of the truths of religion, and thorough knowledge of the difficulties of power, the subtile distinctions of knowledge, the treasuring up of information, the conditions of government, the institutions of prosperity, the ways of fostering subjects, and the laws respecting the dispensation of justice, and that he should be acquainted with the contingencies and complications of them all.” ### [244.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.2) That learned man placed the face of acceptance to the ground of service, and occupied himself in his task. When the prescribed period of the youth’s education terminated, and the seeds of instruction came up, and the honorary robe of erudition became fitted to the person, and that son, the one fruit of the king’s tree, became embellished in all accomplishments, they made known to the monarch the matter of his son’s perfect acquirements. He commanded, saying: “It is necessary that the preceptor should be present in the audience-hall of sovereignty to-morrow at morning dawn ; and let the prince also be brought thither, in order that the divers pearls of learning, which he has acquired, he may string upon the thread of demonstration, so that gentle and simple — high and low — may become enlightened and cognizant of the perfect knowledge, the elegance of attainments, the realities of capacity, and performances of penetration of my son.” ### [244.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.3) On this command being issued, the preceptor solicited three days’ delay from the monarch ; and, on his request being granted, the preceptor, early in the morning of the \[next\] day, mounted, and brought forth the young prince from the city for the purpose of taking a ramble. After they had passed beyond the habitations, the preceptor made the prince dismount, and constrained him to walk on in front of his \[the preceptor's\] horse, and obliged him to run along several leagues to keep up with his horse's cantering, in such wise that the delicate person of the prince became excessively afflicted from the fatigue of walking and running. So he brought him back to the city again. The second day, the preceptor entered the school-room, and commanded the prince, saying: Get up, and remain standing and, in this way, he kept him standing during the whole day, in such wise that the prince's tender body was sorely pained. When the third day came, the preceptor entered the school-room, and directed that the place should be cleared, tied the hands and feet of the king's son together, and inflicted upon him more than a hundred blows with a cane; and, from the severity of the flogging, all the limbs of the young prince's body, from the number of blows, became wounded. He left him thus bound, repeated the invocation before flight and disappeared. ### [244.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.4) A number of servants, on becoming aware of the circumstance, liberated the king's son from his bonds, and sought for the preceptor, but could not find him. They made a representation to the king, and he directed them to bring his son before him; and, upon every science wherein they questioned him, they found him so proficient that "there is no exceeding perfection" fitly described his proficiency. The king remarked, saying: “The preceptor, in teaching and instructing, and making his pupil perfect, has, by the grace of Almighty God, not neglected the least thing. It would be well to know the cause of these cuts and hurts, and what was the reason of his flight." He commanded, so that they used their utmost endeavours in seeking the preceptor; and, after a considerable time, and at a distant period, they again found him, and brought him into the monarch's presence. He showed the preceptor great reverence and honour, and inquired of him the motive of the severe flogging, and compelling the young prince to run on foot on the first day, making him stand all the second day, the reason of leaving him bound, and the cause of his own disappearance, on the third. The preceptor, bowing the head of service to the ground of representation, replied : "May the king’s felicity continue! ### [244.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.5) It will be manifest to the sublime mind, that it behoveth the possessor of dominion to understand the condition of those persons who are objects of commendation and approval, and likewise the state of those individuals who are the objects of indignation and reprehension, so that whatever he may command in such circumstances may be fitting; and, in no manner whatsoever, either in pleasure or displeasure, may he deviate from the bounds of moderation. Your slave was desirous of making the prince acquainted with the condition of the oppressed, the captive, and of the numbers who have to run before \[his\] horse, of the people who may have to remain standing \[before him\], and of the state of those persons who may have become deserving of condign punishment, or of being made public examples of, so that, when exercising his royal wrath, he may conceive what measure of distress and pain their hearts and bodies suffer, and that, when he should have endured somewhat of such severities, whatsoever he may direct as regards punishment, running, or standing, he may do so in proportion to their powers of endurance and strength. The reason, moreover of my flight and disappearance was apprehension, since the noble person and delicate frame of the prince had sustained affliction, lest parental affection should have induced the king, in requital of such act on the part of his humble servant, to have censured him, whereby all his pains and labours would have been thrown away.” ### [244.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.6) This anecdote was applicable to the case of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam in the amount of trouble that befell him in being brought back again to the capital among the Turks in order that, when he attained unto power, and became Lieutenant of the kingdom he might be cognizant of the condition of the broken and oppressed. May Almighty God cause justice and beneficence to be the associate of all his acts and proceedings ! We have returned to the subject of the narration of this history. ### [244.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.7) When the sovereignty devolved upon Sultan Raziyyat, Ulugh Khan-i-Azam was, as before, Khasah-dar, until good fortune came to his aid, and he became Amir-i-Shikar \[Chief Huntsman\]. The ball of fate was saying : “ a world will be the quarry of his power, and a universe the prey of his authority,” hence the first of his offices was that of the Chief Huntsmanship. When he had filled that office some time, and had done approved service, suddenly, the sun of the Raziyyat dynasty came to its setting, and the luminary of the Mu’izzi sovereignty arose, and the Ulugh Khani prosperity began to increase. As in the duties of Chief Huntsman he had filled that office well, and done approved service, he became Amir-i-Akhur, and the horses of state and of sovereignty came under the bridle of his possession. When Malik Badr-ud-Din, Sunkar, the Rumi, was made Amir-i-Hajib, he, having a parental affection towards Ulugh Khan-i-Azam, showed a sincere regard for his welfare, and raised Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam to a still higher degree. The fief of Riwan was entrusted to his charge ; and, when he proceeded to that part, he thoroughly chastized the independent \[Hindu\] tribes of the Koh-payah by the power of his valour, and reduced those tracts under his jurisdiction. ### [244.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.8) When the Mu’izzi sovereignty began to totter, and the Maliks, in concert together, appeared before the gate of the city \[of Dihli\], and the whole of the Amirs and Maliks conspired among themselves, Ulugh Khan-i-Azam—May his power be perpetuated!—who was feudatory of Riwan, in concert with other Maliks and Amirs, displayed so much sagacity in ascertaining the aims and intentions of the Maliks, that among the whole of them—Turk or Tajzik, not one attained to the hundredth part thereof; and the whole \[of them\] admitted his firmness, heroism, intrepidity, and enterprise to be greater than that of all the Maliks and Amirs of that period. On the city being taken, the fief of Hansi was made over to his charge, and, on that territory coming under his control, he turned his attention to its cultivation and improvement; and the people, from the effects of his justice and conspicuous liberality, became contented and prosperous. ### [244.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.9) Ulugh Khan's affairs became so flourishing, that the whole of the Maliks and Amirs began to be jealous at the freshness of his good fortune, and envy’s disquieting thorn began to prick their minds, but, as Almighty God had willed that he should be greater than the whole \[of them\], by how much the more the fire of their envy increased, by so much the more did the incense of his prosperity, within the censer of time, diffuse additional perfume: “They endeavour to extinguish the light of God with \[the breath of\] their mouths, but God rejects aught but the perfection of his light.”—May Almighty God prolong his office of power. and make this servant of the state, Minhaj-i-Saraj, who is the author of this Tabakat, feel due gratitude towards him, for his abundant benefactions combined with respect, for, should a thousand sections of paper be filled with closely written encomiums on his admirable qualities and inestimable virtues, it would be but as a drop in the vast ocean, and not even a single particle from out of the fragrance from the paradise-like flower garden \[thereof\] would have affected the smelling sense of hearer or reader; and, should a hundred thousand such-like effusions be composed, out of gratitude for the princely countenance of this great lord, at the foot-step of the exalted throne of the king of the sovereigns of the face of the earth — May God perpetuate his dominion and sovereignty! ### [244.1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.1.10) — towards this servant, in the entrusting of offices, the bestowal of appointments, and abundant benefactions, together with honour and reverence, which he still continues to bestow, even yet, the debts of gratitude will be due to him, in return for those benefits, by this servant, by his children, and by his family. May the Almighty God long preserve his high majesty, the Sultan of the Sultans of the universe, Nasir-ud-Dunya wa ud-Din, Abu-l-Muzaffar-i-Mahmud Shah, in the pomp of power, decked in the jewels of submission, and adorned with the garment of the services of that Khakan-i-Mu’azzam, the Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, to the utmost bounds of possibility in the revolution of time, for the sake of Muhammad and the whole of his posterity! ### [244.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.1) We have returned to the subject of this history. This frail one, in the year 640 H., chanced to undertake a journey to Lakhanawati. On this journey he continued two years with his family and dependents. Trustworthy persons have related on this wise, that, in the year 642 H., the Khakan-i-Mu'azzam, Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam became Amir-i-Hajib in the illustrious capital, Dihli, when the august standards — may victory and success expand them ! — moved out of Dihli, into the Do-ab of the Jun and Gang, and when he gave the rebels of Jarali and Datoli, and other independent \[Hindu\] tribes, a thorough chastisement, and carried on holy war, as by the faith enjoined, and the roads in the adjacent parts of that territory were cleared of the violence of the contumacious. The author of this work \[at this time\], in conformity with the sublime commands, in company with Malik 'Izz-ud-Din, Tughril-i-Tughan Khan, returned from Lakhanawati again with his family and dependents, and arrived at the capital, Dihli, in the year 643 H. ### [244.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.2) In this same year, Mangutah, the accursed, who was one of the Mughal leaders, and of the Maliks of Turkistan, led an army from the borders of Tae-kan and Kunduz, into the territories of Sind, and invested the fortress of Uchchah, which is one of the famous strongholds of the country of Sind, and of the territory of Mansurah. Within that fortress a Khwajah Sarae \[Eunuch\], one of the servants of Malik Taj-ud-Din, Abu-Bikr, son of \[the late\] Malik ’Izz-ud-Din, Kabir Khan, Ayaz-i-Hazar-Mardah, named Mukhlis-ud-Din, was the Kotwal-Bak \[Seneschal\], and a slave of Kabir Khan, Ak-Sunkar, by name, was the Amir-i-Dad \[Lord Justiciary\]. ### [244.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.3) When intimation of this irruption reached the capital, Malik Ulugh Khan represented it for the sublime consideration, and caused an army to be organized for the purpose of repelling the Mughals. While every one of the \[other\] Amirs and Maliks was showing indecision about this undertaking, Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam showed determination in carrying it out; and, when the royal standards moved forward towards that \[threatened\] quarter, Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam — Be his power prolonged! — despatched guides in advance on the line of route, so that \[the troops\] used to get over the marches with rapidity. He was wont to represent to the troops that the \[next\] halting-ground would be about eight kuroh off, and \[consequently\] about twelve kuroh, and even more than that they used to march, until the forces reached the banks of the Biah, and passed over that river, and he conducted them to the banks of the river Rawah \[Rawi\] of Lohor. ### [244.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.4) In this manner used he to show such-like determination on this expedition, and such lion-heartedness, and was wont to stimulate the Sultan and Maliks to repel the infidel Mughals, until Monday, the 25th of the month of Sha'ban, 643 H., when intimation reached the royal camp that the army of infidel Mughals had raised the investment of the fortress of Uchchah. The cause of it was, that, on reaching the vicinity of the river Biah, Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam appointed couriers, and directed so that they wrote letters from the sublime presence to the garrison of the fort of Uchchah, and announced to them the approach of the royal standards, the vast numbers of the array and elephants, the host of cavalry with the army, and the courage of the soldiery in attendance at the august stirrup, and despatched them towards the fortress of Uchchah. A division from the army was moved on in front, to act as a reconnoitring force and advance guard. ### [244.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.5) When the couriers reached the vicinity of Uchchah, a few of these letters fell into the hands of the host of the accursed, and some reached the people of the fortress. On the drum of joy being beaten in the fort, and the subject of the letters, the advance of the victorious army, and approach of the royal standards, becoming manifest to the accursed Mangutah, and the cavalry of the advance guard approaching the banks of the river Biah of Lohor, near to the frontiers of the territory of Sind, fear and terror became manifest in the heart and spirit of the Mughal \[leader\], and the favour of the Creator became a helper \[of the Dihli army\]. ### [244.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.6) Trustworthy persons have related on this wise, that, when Mangutah became aware of the advance of the army of Islam, and approach of the royal standards, and that the army moved towards the river Biah, near the skirts of the mountains, and from thence, in the same manner, was marching along the banks of that river, he made inquiry of some persons what might be the reason of the deviation of the army of Islam towards the skirts of the hills, because that was a longer route, while that by way of Sursuti and Marut was near. They replied that, on account of the number of islands on the banks of the river there might not be a road for the army of Islam. Mangutah remarked: “This is a vast army: we have not the power to resist it: it is necessary to retire;” and fear overcame him and his army lest, if they remained longer, their line of retreat should be cut off. Their army was formed into three divisions, and routed, they fled, and numerous captives, both Musalman and Hindu, obtained their liberty \[in consequence\]. The instrument of that success was the vigour, the military talent, intrepidity, and zeal of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, for, had he not shown such lion-heartedness and heroism, such a success would not have resulted. Almighty God of His favour and beneficence have him in His keeping! ### [244.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.7) After such a success came to pass, Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam represented that it was advisable that the royal forces should move towards the river Sudharah, in order that their strength, their number, valour, and energy might be established in the hearts and minds of the enemy, and, according to that counsel, the army marched to the banks of the river Sudharah, until, on the 27th of the month of Shawwal, 643 H., the army set out from the banks of the Sudharah on its return to the capital, Dihli, which was reached on Monday, the 12th of the month of Zi-Hijjah, of the same year. During this short time, the disposition of Sultan 'Ala-ud-Din, Mas'ud Shah, received a change towards the Maliks; and, for the greater part of that \[time\] that he was wont to be invisible to the army, malignity had become established in his mind. The whole of the Maliks, in league together, wrote secretly and surreptitiously, and tendered their allegiance to Sultan Nasir-ud-Din, Mahmud Shah, and besought him to put his august standards in motion \[towards the capital\], for the purpose of assuming the sovereignty. On Sunday, the 23rd of the month of Muharram, 644 H., he reached the capital accordingly, and ascended the throne of sovereignty — May he be preserved for many years! ### [244.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.8) Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam represented \[to the new Sultan\]: Since the Khutbah and coin of the kingdom are adorned with the august Nasiri name, and, in the past year, the army of the accursed \[Mughals\], having fled before the forces of Islam, are gone towards the upper country, it may be advisable that the royal forces should march towards the upper \[parts\] In accordance with this expedient counsel the expedition to the upper parts was determined upon; and, on Monday, the 1st of the month of Rajab, 644 H., the sublime standards moved out of the capital; and Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam in using celerity and getting over the stages, continued to strive, until the banks of the river Sudharah were reached. Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam with the Maliks and Amirs of Islam \[with their contingents\], separated from the army on an expedition to the Jud Hills in order to wreak vengeance on the Ranah of those Hills, who, in the previous year, had acted as guide to the Mughal army. ### [244.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.2.9) With that object they pushed onwards, and the Jud Hills and parts adjacent to the river Jilam \[Jhilam\] they assailed; and the army of Islam carried its incursions, and ravaged \[the country\], as far as the banks of the river Sind, and despoiled Jas-Pal, Sihra \[or Sehra\], and the whole of his tribes. The Musalman force was taken over the river Jilam \[Jhilam\], and carried its ravages as far as the banks of the river Sind, in such wise, that all women, families, and dependents of the infidels who were in those parts, took to flight, and a body \[of men\] from the army of the infidel Mughals came to the ferries of the Jilam \[Jhilam\], and beheld the lines of the Musalman troops serving under Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, and fear fell upon their hearts, at the number of troops composing his army, the number of cavalry in defensive armour, and the abundance of arms, and war material; and they wondered greatly, and great terror took possession of that gathering. That vigour, military organization, and overthrowing of enemies, in the assault of mountain heights, the gorges of mountain passes, and of ravines, the capturing of strong places and forts and penetrating of forests, which Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam displayed, cannot be contained within the area of recital, and the fame of that holy warfare extended as far as the land of Turkistan. ### [244.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.1) In this tract, as there were neither fields nor tillage, supplies were not to be obtained, and, of necessity, Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam was compelled to return again. When he presented himself in the presence of the Court, victorious, triumphant, and safe, with the whole of the troops, and the Amirs and Maliks who were along with him, the sublime standards moved to return again towards the illustrious capital, Dihli, on Thursday, the 25th of the month of Zi-Ka'dah, 644 H. On Thursday, the 2nd of the month of Muharram, 645 H., the capital was reached. Since, through the firmness of counsel, and the justness of determination of Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, the army of Turkistan and Mughal had beheld those exploits and that military organization, during this year, 645 H., not a single man, from the parts above came towards the territory of Sind. Therefore, in the month of Sha'ban of this same year, Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam represented for the sublime consideration, "it is advisable, that, during this year, the sublime standards should be put in motion for the purpose of ravaging and carrying on holy war in the extreme parts of the territory of Hindustan in order that the independent \[Hindu\] tribes, and Raes and Ranahs, who, during the last few years, have not been punished, may receive a thorough chastisement, that booty may fall into the hands of the troops of Islam, and means to repel the infidel Mughals, in the shape of wealth, may be amassed." ### [244.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.2) In accordance with that prudent counsel, the august standards were put in motion towards Hindustan, and moved down the middle of the Do-abah of the Gang and Jun; and, after much fighting with the infidels, the army gained possession of the fort of Talsandah Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, with others of the Maliks of Islam, and troops, were despatched to coerce Dalaki of Malaki, and he was a Ranah in the vicinity of the river Jun, which is between Kalinjar and Karah, whom the Raes of the parts around Kalinjar and Malwah used not to be able to gain superiority over, on account of the number of his dependents and followers, the immensity of his wealth, the difficulty of the routes, the stability of position, the strength of the narrow, winding, defiles, the denseness of numerous forests, and strong mountains, places, which had never, at any time, been reached by Musalman troops. ### [244.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.3) When Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam reached the locality where that Ranah had taken up his position, and the place of his abode, he displayed so much perseverance in his own defence, and the defence of his family and children, that, from the time of early morning until the period of evening prayer, he remained; and, when night came, he repeated the invocation of flight, and removed from that place to \[other\] strong positions. When the day broke, the troops of Islam entered that place and dwelling of his, and \[afterwards\] pursued him. That accursed one had ascended the high mountains, and had withdrawn to a place, to enter the narrow defiles of which was impossible without the greatest contrivance, and the aid of ropes and ladders. Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam stimulated the Musalman troops to holy warfare, and, animated by his entreaties, commands, and gestures, they took the place. They captured the whole of the Ranah's family, kinsmen, and children, together with cattle, and horses, and captives, in great number; and such an amount of booty fell into the hands of the troops of Islam that the conception of the arithmetician would be helpless in recounting it. ### [244.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.4) On the last day of the month of Shawwal, 645 H., Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, with vast booty, rejoined the Sultan's camp \[at Karah\]; and, after the festival of the Azha, the sublime standards moved forward to return to the capital. An account of the whole of that expedition and holy warfare is composed \[by the author\] in verse, in a separate book, and that book has been named the Nasiri Namah. On the 24th of the month of Muharram, 646 H., the capital was reached. Subsequently, in the month of Sha'ban, 646 H., the royal standards moved towards the upper provinces as far as the extreme confines, and the bank of the river Biah, and from thence returned again to the capital. ### [244.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.5) Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, along with other Maliks under his orders, with numerous forces, was appointed to proceed towards Rantabhur, and to ravage the Koh-payah of Mewat, and the territory of Nahar Diw, who was greatest of all the Raes of Hindustan. The whole country, and the confines of that territory were ravaged, and a large amount of booty was acquired, and, at the foot of the fort of Rantabhur, on Sunday, the 11th of the month of Zi-Hijjah, 646 H., Malik Baha-ud-Din, I-bak, the Khwajah, attained martyrdom. Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam was engaged \[at this time\] in holy warfare on another side of the fortress, and his dependents were \[also\] occupied in battle and holy warfare, and despatched numbers of the infidels to hell. Immense booty, and invaluable property was acquired, and the Musalman troops were made rich with plunder, and returned to the sublime presence. ### [244.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.6) In this year, the royal mind evinced a desire to enter into a matrimonial alliance with the family of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, who, every year, in leading the forces, and efforts in the service of the sublime Court, continued to display praiseworthy proofs, to such degree that no monarch has ever had a servant who, having attained the dignity of Khan and Malik, possessed a greater soul or more august temperament than Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, of honour greater, of counsel more prudent, in leading armies more intrepid, in overthrowing foes more victorious, more worthy of being dignified with the honour of a matrimonial alliance with His Majesty, the Sultan-ul-A’zam, Nasir-ud-Dunya wa ud-Din, Abu-l-Muzaffar-i-Mahmud Shah — whose dominion and sovereignty may God long continue ! — and, by virtue of that alliance, labours for the glory of the kingdom, and the destruction of enemies in adjacent parts were likely to be increased. ### [244.3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.7) Ulugh Khan-i-Azam, with due reverence and submission to command, complied, and repeated the saying: ‘‘The slave and what he possesses is the property of his master,’’ and that union became completed by the sacred knot, on Monday, the 20th of the month of Rabi'-ul-Akhir, 647 H., and the verse, “He hath let loose the two seas which meet together .... Out of them come forth pearls and coral,” was made manifest. May the Most High God, during the lifetime of the Sultan-i-A'zam, and high position of Ulugh Khan-i-Mu’azzam, continue those Princes, in the Shamsi dominion and sovereignty, life-heirs of the whole of the monarchs, for the sake of Muhammad and the whole of his house! After such a propitious event happened, which must have been the result of the felicitous conjunction of the stars, the status of Ulugh Khan was raised, from the rank of Malik and Amir-i-Hajib, to the dignity and eminent position of Khan, and on Tuesday, the 3rd of the month of Rajab, 647 H., \[a mandate\] issued from the sublime Court, conferring the Deputy-ship of the kingdom and leader-ship of the forces, with the title and name of Ulugh Khan \[the Great Lord\], upon that incomparable individual of august disposition, and, in truth, one might say, “titles come down from Heaven;” for, from that day forward, the Nasiri rule acquired additional freshness from the zealous services, and heroism, of Ulugh Khan. ### [244.3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.8) On the title of Ulugh Khan being conferred upon him, his brother, who was Amir-i-Akhur—that beneficent and humane Malik, of pure morals and excellent disposition—Saif-ul-Hakk wa ud-Din, Kashli Khan-i-I-bak-us-Sultani—on whom be peace!—became Amir-i-Hajib, and Malik Taj-ud-Din, Sanjar-i-Tez-Khan, at that time, became Deputy Amir-i-Hajib, and the Malik-ul-Hujjab \[Head of the Chamberlains\], 'Ala-ud-Din, Ayaz, the Zinjani, became the Deputy Wakil-i-Dar \[Representative in Dar-bar\], who is my son and the light of my eyes, and adorned with all laudable qualifications, of whom no stronger encomium is needed than that of his loyalty to Ulugh Khan's service, and may such augment! The assignment of these appointments took place on Friday, the 6th of the month of Rajab, 647 H., and the Deputy Amir-i-Akhur, Ikhtiyar-ud-Din, Aet-kin, the Long-haired, became Amir-i-Akhur. Subsequently, on Monday, the 9th of the month of Sha'ban, 647 H., he \[Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam\] moved from the capital \[with the troops\] for the purpose of \[undertaking\] an expedition against the infidels, and, at the ford of the river Jun, the camp was pitched, and they engaged in holy warfare and hostilities against the infidels, the independent \[Hindu\] tribes around, when intelligence reached this author, from Khurasan, from his sister, and her lonesomeness affected his heart much. ### [244.3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.3.9) He proceeded to the camp and waited upon Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, and laid the matter before him, who gave him such support and showed so much kindness as cannot be recounted, and conferred a dress of honour upon this his devoted servant, Minhaj-i-Saraj, presented him with a bay horse saddled and bridled, a great roll of gold brocade cloth, and the grant of a village producing about thirty thousand jitals; and, up to this present date, that grant comes to this sincere votary every year. May Almighty God make this the cause of the augmentation of Ulugh Khan's dignity and power, and make him victorious and triumphant over the enemies of the faith! Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam represented the situation of this servant of the state, and his anxieties, to His Majesty; and, on Sunday, the 2nd of the month of Zi-Ka'dah, 647 H., a command was issued from the sublime Court for forty chains of captives and a hundred ass-loads of presents to be transmitted to the sister of the author into Khurasan — May the Most High God continue the Nasiri dynasty and dominion until the conclusion of time’s revolution, for bestowing so many benefits! ### [244.4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.1) On Monday, the 29th of the month of Zi-Ka’dah, of this same year, the author proceeded on a journey from the capital to Multan for the purpose of despatching the gifts to Khurasan. On the road, on reaching every town, city, or fort, held by the dependents and servants of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, the servants of that household showed the author so much reverence and honour that the eye of sense would be fatigued in recording it — may God accept them all for it! On Wednesday, the 6th of the month of Rabi’-ul-Awwal, 648 H., Multan was reached, and the author proceeded as far as the bank of the river Jilam \[Jhilam\]. After having despatched those captives and loads to Khurasan, for a period of two months the author happened to stay in the army of Malik 'Izz-ud-Din, Balban-i-Kashlu Khan, at the foot of the walls of the fortress of Multan, for the air was still exceeding hot. When the rainy season set in, and the rains of compassion fell, on the 26th of the month of Jamadi-ul-Awwal, the author set out on his return from Multan, and, on the 22nd of the month of Jamadi-ul-Akhir, reached the capital again. ### [244.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.2) At this period the Kazi-ul-Kuzat \[Kazi of Kazis\], Jalal-ud-Din, the Kasani — on whom be peace and pardon! — was Kazi of the realm of Hindustan; and, when the term of the days of that unique one of his age came to conclusion, great countenance and favour was shown by Ulugh Khan-i-Azam towards this devoted suppliant, and his invaluable support was the means of this servant of his power being entrusted anew with the office of the Kazi-ship of the kingdom, and he \[Ulugh Khan\] submitted it for the sublime consideration. On Sunday, the 10th of the month of Jamadi-ul-Awwal, 649 H., for the second time, the Kazi-ship of the realm was consigned to the author — May Almighty God, continual and enduring preserve the Sultan of Sultans, Nasir-ud-Dunya wa ud-Din, Abu-l-Muzaffar-i-Mahmud Shah, upon the throne of sovereignty, and Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, in the royal audience hall of power! On Tuesday, the 25th of the month of Sha'ban, 649 H., the sublime standards moved towards the territory of Malwah and Kalinjar. When Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, with the troops of Islam, arrived in those parts, he overthrew Chahar, Ajari, who was a great Ranah, with a numerous following, and a multitude of dependents and people, and who possessed ample resources of horses and arms, and rooted him out from his country. This Ranah of \[?\] Ajari, who was named Chahar, was a great man, impetuous, and experienced; and has been previously mentioned. ### [244.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.3) In the reign of the august Sultan, Shams-ud-Dunya wa ud-Din—on whom be peace!—\[namely\] in the year 632 H., the troops of Islam from Bhianah, Sultan-kot, Kinnauj, Mahir, Mahawan, and Gwaliyur, were despatched for the purpose of ravaging the territory of Kalinjar and Jamu the leader of which forces was Malik Nusrat-ud-Din, Ta-yas'i, the Mu’izzi, who for manhood, competency, judgment, vigour, military talents, and expertness, has been distinguished above all his compeers, the Maliks of that time. For a period of fifty days, they proceeded on that expedition, from Gwaliyur, and vast booty was acquired, to such degree that, for this short period, the Sultan’s share of a fifth amounted to nearly twenty-two laks. In short, at the time of returning from Kalinjar, the passage of the army of Islam lay \[through the territory of\] this Ranah of Ajari, and that Ranah had seized the route of the Musalman forces in the narrow ravines leading from the \[banks of the\] river Garanah \[or Karanah\]. ### [244.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.4) The author of this book heard from the mouth of Malik Nuṣrat-ud-Din, Ta-yasai, himself, \[who said\]: — "Never, in Hindustan, did a foe see my back, \[but\] that Hinduak \[Hindu fellow\] of Ajari made an attack upon me in such wise that you might say it was a wolf falling upon a flock of sheep. It was necessary to turn aside before him, until I emerged from another direction, attacked, and routed him.” This anecdote has been related in order that readers \[of these pages\] may understand to what degree was the genius and success of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam that, with one onslaught, he overthrew and routed such an enemy, and wrested out of his possession the fort of Nurwull, which is a famous stronghold, and, on that expedition and inroad, he displayed such sagacity and promptitude, and performed such exploits \[against the infidels\], as will remain a record on the face of time. ### [244.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.5) On Monday, the 23rd of the month of Rabi’-ul-Awwal, 650 H., the sublime standards returned to Dihli again, and, for a period of six months, the troops continued at the capital of the empire, the city of Dihli, until Monday, the 12th of the month of Shawwal, when the sublime standards moved towards the upper provinces and the river Biah; and, at this period, Malik ‘Izz-ud-Din, Balban-i-Kashlu Khan, was feudatory of Buda’un, and Malik Kutlugh Khan feudatory of Bhianah, and both Maliks were requested by His Majesty \[to attend him\]. Both these Maliks, with the whole of the other Maliks, were present in attendance during this expedition, at the audience tent of majesty. When the sublime standards reached the districts on the river Biah, ‘Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan secretly plotted with the Maliks, and began to excite them all greatly to envy of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam’s power, and malicious eyes were beginning to regard his brilliant position with repugnance, and they conspired whether, in some hunting-ground, or the defiles of some passes, or in crossing some river, they might not injure or afflict the sacred person and august body of Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam : ‘ They endeavour to extinguish the light of God with \[the breath of\] their mouths, but God rejects aught but the perfection of His light ;’ continued to shield the Ulugh Khani good fortune with His own protection, and gave no opportunity to his enemies to injure his gentle nature and noble person. ### [244.4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.6) Since that which was conceived in the hearts of that faction was not easily carried out, they concerted together, and, assembling before the entrance of the royal tent, represented for the regal consideration, that it was advisable that a mandate should be conveyed to Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam that he should proceed towards his own fief and to this effect they caused a mandate to be conveyed to him ; and, from the halting-place of Hasirah, on Tuesday, the last day of the month of Muharram, 651 H., Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, with his retinue and family and dependents, departed towards Hansi. When the sublime standards returned again to the capital, and the prickings of the thorn of envy towards Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam were afflicting the darkness-filled heart of ’Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan, he, consequently, represented for the royal consideration: “It may be advisable that a command should be issued to Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam to proceed to Nag-awr, and that the Hansi territory should be given in charge to one of the Princes of the Universe”—May God long preserve their lives! In conformity with that counsel the sublime standards moved in the direction of Hansi in order that Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam should depart to Nag-awr; and this undertaking was entered upon in the month of Jamadi-ul-Awwal, 651 H. ### [244.4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.7) On reaching Hansi ’Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan became Wakil-i-Dar \[Representative in Dar-bar\], and he took into his own hands the direction of affairs within the hall of the pavilion of majesty, and, according to the promptings of that envy and malevolence, the office of Kazi of the kingdom was taken from this servant of the state, Minhaj-i-Saraj, in the month of Rajab of the before-mentioned year, and was committed to Kazi Shams-ud-Din, the Bharaiji; and, on the 17th \[27th?\] of the month of Shawwal, \[the Sultan and his forces\] returned to the capital. Malik Saif-ud-Din, I-bak-i-Kashli Khan—on whom be peace!—who was the brother of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, the Amir-i-Hajib they sent to the fief of Karah, and the office of Deputy Amir-i-Hajib was consigned to Malik ’Izz-ud-Din-i-Balban the son-in-law of Kutlugh Khan. Every one holding an office or employment which appertained to Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam’s patronage was removed and transferred; and the established affairs of a quiet kingdom were deranged by the pernicious counsel of ’Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan. ### [244.4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.4.8) During the period that Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam had gone to Nag-awr, he led the troops of Islam towards the territory of Rantabhur, Bhundi and Chitrur. The Rae of Rantabhur, Nahar Diw who is the greatest of the Raes, and the most noble and illustrious of the Maliks of Hind, assembled an army in order that perchance he might be able to inflict a disaster upon Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam. Since the Most High and Holy God had willed that the renown of His Highness, Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, for victory, triumph, and success, should endure upon the records of time, the whole of that army of Rae Nahar Diw, notwithstanding it was very numerous, well provided with arms, and elephants, with choice horses, and famous Rawats he put to the rout, and the heroic men sent great numbers of the enemy to hell. Vast booty was captured, and horses and captives beyond computation were taken. Safe and rich, under the protection of the Creator, Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam returned again to the province of Nag-awr, and that place, through his felicitous presence, became a large city. ### [244.5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.1) When the new year of 652 H. came round, a change took place in the condition of the number of oppressed, who, by the hand of tyranny, and through removal from office, occasioned by the absence of Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam. had remained in a place of seclusion like unto fish without water and the sick without sleep, from night to day, and, day to night, continued to beseech the Holy Creator, that the morn of the Ulugh Khani prosperity might raise its face from the east of power, and the darkness of the Rayhani tyranny might be changed to the sun-light of the Ulugh Khani administration. The Most High God was graciously pleased to grant the prayers of the afflicted, and the appeals of the distressed, and was pleased to cause the victorious standards of Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam to be given to the wind from the preserved city of Nag-awr, towards, and with the design of proceeding to, the capital. ### [244.5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.2) The reason was this, that the Maliks and servants of the Sultan’s Court were all Turks of pure lineage, and Tajziks of noble birth, and ’Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan, \[who\] was castrated and mutilated, and of the tribes of Hind was ruling over the heads of lords of high descent, and the whole of them were loathing that state, and were unable any longer to suffer that degradation. The case of this frail individual was on this wise, that, for a period of six months, or even longer, it was out of his power to leave his dwelling and go to the Friday’s prayers, for fear of the violence of a gang of villains who were patronized by 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan: so the condition of others, every one of whom consisted of Turks and conquering, ruling, and foe-breaking, Maliks, may well be conceived. How could they continue under this disgrace? ### [244.5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.3) In short, the Maliks of Hindustan namely, from the territory of Karah and Manik-pur, and Awadh and the district of Tirhut, as far as Buda'un, and from the side of Tabarhindah as far as Sunam, Kuhram, and Samanah, and the whole of the Siwalikh \[country\], prayed Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam to return to the capital. Malik Taj-ud-Din, Arsalan Khan-i-Sanjar, brought forth a body of troops from Tabarhindah, and Malik Saif-ud-Din, Bat Khan-i-I-bak, the Khita-i, issued from Sunam and Mansur-pur, and Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam assembled forces from Nag-awr and the Siwalikh, and Malik Jalal-ud-Din, Mas'ud Shah, son of Sultan Shams-ud-Din \[I-yal-timish\], from the side of Lohor joined them, and they turned their faces towards the environs of the capital. 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan represented to the Sultan that the sublime standards should move out for the purpose of repelling his own servants, and they \[the Sultan and his adviser\] marched the forces from Dihli towards Sunam, for that purpose. Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, with the other Maliks, was in the neighbourhood of Tabarhindah; and the author set out from the capital for the purpose of joining the royal camp, because it was impossible for him to remain in the city \[of Dihli\] without the presence of the sublime Court. On Monday, the 26th of the month of Ramazan, 652 H., the author reached the royal camp, and, on Lailat-ul-Kadr \[the night of Power\], in the public apartment of the august Sultan’s \[pavilion\], he offered up prayer. ### [244.5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.4) On the second day \[after the author’s arrival\], on Wednesday, the 28th of the before-named month, whilst on the march, both armies drew near towards each other, and the advance guards came in contact, and immense disorder arose among the Sultan’s forces. The prayers appropriate to the ’Id-i-Fitr \[the festival of Fast-breaking — 1st of the month Shawwal\] were performed at Sunam. On Saturday, the 8th of the month of Shawwal, the sublime standards made a retrograde movement towards Hansi, and Malik Jalal-ud-Din, Mas’ud Shah \[the Sultan’s brother\], and Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, with the other illustrious Maliks, marched towards Kaithal. ### [244.5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.5) A number of Maliks and Amirs on both sides \[now\] spoke about a mutual accommodation of affairs, and the Sipah-Salar \[leader of troops\] Karah-Jamal, one of the personal slaves of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, who was noted for manliness, arrived from his chief's camp, and the Amir of the black standard, Husam-ud-Din, Kutlugh Shah, that Amir of angelic attributes, of great sincerity, and excellent disposition, who was qualified above the other Amirs of Islam by his age, was nominated, on this side \[the Court's\], to treat, and \[on the other side\] the Sipah-Salar, Karah-Jamak, while Malik Kutb-ud-Din, Husain son of 'Ali, the Ghuri — on whom be peace! — made use of every effort and endeavour that was possible to bring the matter to an accommodation. The representation of the whole of the Maliks to His Majesty was this : We all bow our heads in submission to the mandates of the Court, the Asylum of the Universe, save that we are not safe from the malice, deceit, and iniquitous conduct of 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan. If he should be removed from before the sublime throne of sovereignty, and sent away to some part, we all will present ourselves and return to allegiance, and lay the head of servitude on the line of obedience to the sublime mandates. ### [244.5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.6) When the sublime standards moved from within sight of Hansi towards Jind \[Jhind\], on Monday, the 22nd of the month of Shawwal, 652 H., 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan was removed from the office of Wakil-i-Dar \[Representative in Dar-bar\] ; and praise be unto God for this and all other blessings ! The government of the province of Buda'un was committed to him, and 'Izz-ud-Din, Balban \[-i-Yuz-Baki\], the Deputy Amir-i-Hajib, proceeded to the camp of Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, and, on Tuesday, the 3rd of the month of Zi-Ka'dah, Malik Bat Khan-i-I-bak, the Khita-i — on whom be the Almighty's mercy ! — reached the \[royal\] camp for the purpose of concluding the reconciliation. Here is a strange occurrence which happened, of the matter of which the author was cognizant, and it is this. 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan conspired with a number of Turks, in whose hearts somewhat of the leaven of opposition towards Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam was implanted, that, when Malik Bat Khan-i-I-bak, the Khita-i, should reach the entrance of the royal tent, they should cut him down in the vestibule of the tent, so that, when intimation of it should reach the camp of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, they \[the confederate Maliks\] should bring ’Izz-ud-Din, Balban-i-Yuz-Baki, the Deputy Amir-i-Hajib, under the sword also, and this accommodation should not come about, so that 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan might continue in safety, and Ulugh Khan’s return to the Court be impossible. ### [244.5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.7) Malik Kutb-ud-Din, Husain, son of ’Ali, Ghuri, on becoming aware of this intention, despatched the Ulugh-i-Khas Hajib \[the Chief Royal Chamberlain\], the Sharf-ul-Mulk, Rashid-ud-Din, ’Ali, Hanafi, to Malik Bat Khan-i-I-bak, the Khita-i \[saying\] : — "It is advisable that you remain quiet in your own quarters to-morrow morning, and do not go to the entrance of the royal tent." As Malik Bat Khan-i-I-bak, in accordance with this advice, delayed proceeding to the entrance of the royal tent, the scheme of 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan with those hostile Turks did not succeed, and the grandees gained a knowledge of it. 'Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan, in obedience to the sublime mandate, was sent away from the royal camp towards Buda’un; and, on Tuesday, the 17th of the month of Zi-Ka’dah, the Sultan of Sultans, and the Maliks of the sublime Court, commanded this servant of the state, Minhaj-i-Saraj, for the purpose of effecting a reconciliation between both parties, so that he proceeded \[to the other camp\] and gave them pledges and guarantees. The next day, Wednesday, the 18th, Ulugh Khan-i-A'zam, with the other Maliks, returned and presented themselves at the sublime Court, and obtained permission to kiss the sovereign’s hand. Praise be to God for this and other blessings! ### [244.5.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.8) The sublime standards were now brought back, and Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, in attendance at the king’s august stirrup, on Wednesday, the 9th of the month of Zi-Hijjah, 652 H., again returned to the capital city of Dihli. During the period of Ulugh Khan’s absence from the capital, the rain of mercy had not rained upon the land, but by the wisdom of the Divine favour, at the blessed footstep of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, the gate of the Divine mercy opened, and rain, which is the source of life to herbs and vegetation, mankind and animals, fell upon the ground; and all people accounted his auspicious arrival an omen of good unto mortals. On the arrival of his august cavalcade, all became glad and rejoiced, and gave thanks unto Almighty God for that immense boon. When the new year 653 H. came round, on account of some occurrence which manifested itself in the womens’ apartments of the royal household, with the secret of which not a soul had any acquaintance, on Wednesday, the 7th of the month of Muharram of the same year, Kutlugh Khan was directed to assume the government of Awadh, and he set out in that direction. At that time the government of Bhara’ij was entrusted to ’Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan. ### [244.5.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.5.9) When the Ulugh Khani good fortune emitted a blaze of brightness, the garden of hope assumed freshness, and the key of divine favour opened the closed gates of the dwellers in retirement. One of that number was this servant of the sovereign dynasty, Minhaj-i-Saraj, Jurjani, who, by the power of enemies’ accusations, and the oppressive tyranny of eunuchs, had kept within the cell of dismissal and misfortune, and in a retired corner from adversity and malevolence. Through the patronage and favour of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam, who submitted it for the sublime confirmation, on Sunday, the 7th of the month of Rabi’-ul-Awwal, 653 H., for the third time, the Kazi-ship of the kingdom and the bench of jurisdiction \[as chief Kazi\] was conferred upon this loyal supplicant, the enunciator of prayer and thanksgiving; and 'Verily, He who hath prescribed to thee the Kur’an will bring thee back to a place of return' was manifested towards this frail one. May the most High God, of His favour, unto the uttermost revolutions of the heavens, in felicity and supremacy, preserve and perpetuate the Nasiri sovereignty and Ulugh Khani authority, for the sake of Muhammad and his whole race! ### [244.6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244.6.1) After Kutlugh Khan proceeded towards Awadh, a considerable period elapsed, \[when\] the eventualities of destiny became the cause of disaffection displaying itself, and, on several occasions, mandates, which were issued on that subject, were treated with indifference. ’Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan still continued to use great efforts to enkindle the fires of sedition in order that, perhaps, he might, by fraud and deception, with the mud-mortar of his own vicious artifice, overspread the sun of Ulugh Khan-i-A’zam's good fortune, and veil the moon of that great chief's glory with the cloak of his own knavery, but the favour of the Eternal without beginning, and the all-sufficiency of the Eternal without end, used to be the averter of that depravity. Malik Taj-ud-Din, Sanjar-i-Mah-Peshani \[of the moon-like brow\] — God preserve him! — who had been detained and imprisoned by Malik Kutlugh Khan, and to whom the government of Bhara’ij had been entrusted by the Court, and on which account he had fallen into captivity, by his own manly stratagem, freed himself from Awadh and the hands of wicked wretches, crossed the river Sar’u in a boat, and, with a small force, advanced towards Bhara’ij. The decree of the Creator was on such wise that the prosperity of the Turks rose victorious, and the influence of the Hindus sank into the dust of defeat. ‘Imad-ud-Din-i-Rayhan fled discomfited before him, and was taken prisoner, and the sun of his existence set in death. _First 46 of 104 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244)_ --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.sultanate.tabaqat-i-nasiri~en-raverty.244) · Pramāṇa