[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Dark Ages](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages) › [Travellers (1500–1858)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel) › [Storia do Mogor](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci) › [Storia do Mogor (Irvine)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine) › 65.37 # Storia do Mogor 65.37 Storia do Mogor (Irvine) 65.37 - **Language:** English ### [65.37.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.1) Finding himself repeatedly rebuffed by his father, Sultan Muhammad gave utterance more than once to words full of wrath and menace depreciatory of Mir Jumlah. He wished to make the troops believe that he (Mir Jumlah) aspired to the crown. All this was known to Mir Jumlah. He dissembled sagaciously, and took no notice of Sultan Muhammad's words. The latter then recollected that his uncle, Shah Shuja', had promised him his daughter in marriage, and he now resolved to rebel against his father and adopt the side of Shah Shuja'. He therefore left the army of Mir Jumlah by boat, accompanied by twenty-five men, without being noticed. Reaching the spot where Shah Shuja' was entrenched, as soon as he saw him he disclosed his purpose and declared his distrust of his father. He offered to serve him and defend him with fidelity, swearing oaths upon the Quran. The only reward he sought was the hand of his daughter, Mahacanom (Mah Khanum), that being the name of Shah Shuja's daughter. That prince received Sultan Muhammad with the honours due to him, but did not give him many troops. He dreaded some treachery. He assigned him a lady of the harem as a spouse, deceiving him by the assertion that it was his daughter. ### [65.37.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.2) When the rains were over, Mir Jumlah moved in search of Shah Shuja', and then the contests were renewed. Sultan Muhammad at the head of his small force proved his courage, destroying many of the enemy and causing great trouble to Mir Jumlah. When informed of what had happened Aurangzeb ordered Daler Khan, whom he highly esteemed, to proceed against Shah Shuja' with reinforcements. Meanwhile Mir Jumlah employed a stratagem. He prepared a letter to Sultan Muhammad in which he desired him to continue as he was doing, until occasion arose to fulfil his promise to his father. As intended by Mir Jumlah, this letter fell into the hands of Shah Shuja'; and it confirmed him in the distrust he had of Sultan Muhammad. He took away the small body of troops he had assigned him, and forbad him to enter the palace. ### [65.37.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.3) When Sultan Muhammad heard \[237\] of this letter he sent to Shah Shuja' to say that he must not give any heed to Mir Jumlah. The letter was a forgery, meant for nothing but to sow disunion between the two of them; and he ratified afresh the oath to serve him faithfully. But these arguments were not sufficient to secure Shah Shuja's confidence. Unhappy Sultan Muhammad, finding himself out of favour everywhere, and having by this time discovered the deception about his marriage, resolved upon having recourse to his opponent, Mir Jumlah. Abandoning Shah Shuja', he transferred himself to Mir Jumlah's camp, where he was received with due dignity, and a promise was given to write in his favour to Aurangzeb. Mir Jumlah would do all he could to get his father to overlook the past. There are not wanting those who declare that the flight of Sultan Muhammad to Shah Shuja' was planned by Aurangzeb. This is due to what they have experienced of his wiles; but it was not so, because if Shah Shuja' had put faith in Sultan Muhammad, Mir Jumlah and Daler Khan would not have had such an easy victory. ### [65.37.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.4) Learning that his son was reconciled with Mir Jumlah, Aurangzeb wrote him a letter full of demonstrations of affection, with an order of recall. Mir Jumlah's orders were to send him back under a good and trustworthy guard, fearing that on the way he might attempt some escapade similar to the last. For this reason he was carried in a palanquin carefully watched. Reflecting on what he had done, and afraid of his father, whose deceitful and vengeful nature he knew, Sultan Muhammad became very anxious, and began to contemplate renewed flight to the mountains of Srinagar. In order to intimidate the guard over him, he jumped frequently out of the palanquin, in the supposition that, either out of fear or respect, he would be allowed to take to flight. But naught availed him, for those in charge of him had received very strict orders. Hearing what was going on during the journey, Aurangzeb sent off the eunuch Danis (Danish), at the head of two thousand cavalry, with the fetters used for Murad Bakhsh. These were at once to be put on him, and he was to be placed on an elephant in a closed howdah. They were to cross the river Ganges, and carry him to the fortress of Gualier (Gwaliyar, Gwalior). There he was detained, and orders were given to ply him continually with the water of posto (post, opium) until his mind was destroyed. ### [65.37.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.5) In that condition the wretched Sultan Muhammad was left, being treated not as a prince, but as a vile slave. By his father's orders all human communication was prohibited; so great was the rigour used that no one could speak in his presence nor answer any question. Such was Aurangzeb's distrust of his son that he did not allow him to have a barber, or a knife to use at his meals. As a trial of his son's resignation, Aurangzeb sent to ask him whether he would like his wife sent to him, the daughter of the King of Gulkhandah. In a great rage he replied that he begged to be excused from diversions whilst being treated so tyrannically. The rest of what happened in prison to Sultan Muhammad I will refer to farther on, in its proper place (II. 150). ### [65.37.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.6) Mir Jumlah continued vigorously his campaign against Shah Shuja', who on his side responded with such diminished force as he had left. He retreated to the banks of the Ganges river for defence and recovery. But as the results of battles are uncertain, Aurangzeb stood fast with his army on the boundaries of Agrah in order to reinforce Mir Jumlah, if need for help arose. At this time he ordered Murad Bakhsh to be removed from the fortress of Salimgarh, where he was a prisoner, and shut up in close prison at Gwaliyar fortress. His orders were to give him poppy-water to drink, as in the case of Sultan Muhammad; both were treated with the same harshness, nor was the slightest conversation allowed between the two prisoners. Then, in the meanwhile, news came to Aurangzeb that Shah Shuja' could still resist for a long time. When assured of this, Aurangzeb retired upon the city of Dihli, and began to issue absolute orders as king; and he caused coin to be struck in his own name, on which were shown these words: 'Seca zad der jahan chum badre munir Xaa Orangzeb Alamguer' (Sikkah zad dar jahan chun badr-i-munir Shah Aurangzeb-i-'Alamgir)—that is to say, 'Struck coin in the world as clear as the sun and moon, I, King Aurangzeb, conqueror of the world.' ### [65.37.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.7) While Aurangzeb was at Dihli, Dara marched from Gujarat towards the city of Agrah, at the head of thirty thousand horsemen, relying on the word given him by Rajah Jaswant Singh that he would bring his entire army and incorporate it, so as to make one irresistible army for the destruction of Aurangzeb. The latter, when the report was received, left Dihli to attack Dara wherever encountered. Aware that Jaswant Singh meant to give help to Dara, he directed Rajah Jai Singh to endeavour by letters to persuade the said Jaswant Singh to desist from this purpose. Aurangzeb promised him pardon for his previous rebellion, offered to receive him into favour, make him viceroy of Gujarat, and allow him to retain the treasure plundered during the battle against Shah Shuja'. If he did not refrain from joining Dara there must be much destruction and many deaths on both sides, for he (Jai Singh) would have to seek him (Jaswant Singh) out in the battle-field. As they were both Rajputs, of one nation and religion, the Mahomedans would triumph at seeing them destroyed. ### [65.37.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37.8) Jaswant Singh was influenced by the letter and promises of Rajah Jai Singh, and decided to break his word, and not move to Dara's assistance according to promise. The latter arrived close to the city of Ajmer, near the territories of the said Rajah Jaswant Singh. Finding after a time that he did not come in with his force, Dara wrote to him that it was already time to carry out the word that he had given him, that he was on the spot awaiting him, and he recommended haste, for on him depended whether he succeeded or not. Since Jaswant Singh sent no answer, the afflicted Dara repeated his letter, already dreading that Jaswant Singh would play him false. To compel him to come, he decided to send \[240\] to him his own son, Super Xaca (Sipihr Shukoh), entreating the rajah not to desert him on this occasion, for on him depended the victory and a decision about the crown. If God willed that he should reach the throne, he would ever recognise the benefit conferred and support given, as would all his descendants. They would be under a perpetual obligation, and would never be backward in due acknowledgments. Let him weigh this; he (Dara) had left the city of Ahmadabad with a small force, because he relied on the promise made to him by the rajah of accompanying him with all his warriors. If the rajah should now fail him, his person and life would be in manifest danger of falling into the hands of Aurangzeb. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darkages.travel.manucci~en-irvine.65.37) · Pramāṇa