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Bhagavadgita 13.2

Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 13.2

Language
Sanskrit

13.2.p1

kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi sarvakṣetreṣu bhārata | kṣetrakṣetrajñayor jñānaṃ yat taj jñānaṃ mataṃ mama ||

13.2.p2

devamanuṣyādisarvakṣetreṣu veditṛtvākāraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ ca māṃ viddhi -- madātmakaṃ viddhi; kṣetrajñaṃ cāpīti apiśabdāt kṣetram api māṃ viddhīty uktam iti gamyate / yathā kṣetraṃ kṣetrajñaviśeṣaṇataikasvabhāvatayā tadapṛthaksiddheḥ tatsāmānādhikaraṇyenaiva nirdeśyam, tathā kṣetraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ ca madviśeṣaṇataikasvabhāvatayā madapṛthaksiddheḥ matsāmānādhikaraṇyenaiva nirdeśyau viddhi / pṛthivyādisaṃghātarūpasya kṣetrasya kṣetrajñasya ca bhagavaccharīrataikasvarūpatayā bhagavadātmakatvaṃ śrutayo vadanti, "yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan pṛthivyā antaro yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīm antaro yamayati sa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ" ity ārabhya, "ya ātmani tiṣṭhan ātmano 'ntaro yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ ya ātmānam antaro yamayati sa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ" ity ādyāḥ / idam evāntaryāmitayā sarvakṣetrajñānām ātmatvenāvasthānaṃ bhagavataḥ tatsāmānādhikaraṇyena vyapadeśahetuḥ / "aham ātmā guḍākeśa sarvabhūtāśayasthitaḥ", "na tad asti vinā yat syān mayā bhūtaṃ carācaram" ,"viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat" iti purastād upariṣṭāc cābhidhāya, madhye sāmānādhikaraṇyena vyapadiśati, "ādityānām ahaṃ viṣṇuḥ" ityādinā / yad idaṃ kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ vivekaviṣayaṃ tayor madātmakatvaviṣayaṃ ca jñānam uktam, tad evopādeyaṃ jñānam iti mama matam / kecid āhuḥ -- "kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi" iti sāmānādhikaraṇyenaikatvam avagamyate / tataś ceśvarasyaiva sato 'jñānāt kṣetrajñatvam

13.2.p3

iva bhavatīty abhyupagantavyam / tannivṛttyarthaś cāyam ekatvopadeśaḥ / anena ca āptatamabhagavadupadeśena, "rajjur eṣā na sarpaḥ" ity āptopadeśena sarpatvabhramanivṛttivat kṣetrajñatvabhramo nivartate -- iti / te praṣṭavyāḥ -- ayam upadeṣṭā bhagavān vāsudevaḥ parameśvaraḥ kim ātmayāthātmyasākṣātkāreṇa nivṛttājñānaḥ uta neti / nivṛttājñānaś cet, nirviśeṣacinmātraikasvarūpe ātmani anyatadrūpādhyāsāsaṃbhāvanayā kaunteyādibhedadarśanaṃ, tān praty upadeśādivyāpārāś ca na saṃbhavanti / athātmasākṣātkārābhāvād anivṛttājñānaḥ, na tarhy ajñatvād evātmajñānopadeśasaṃbhavaḥ; "upadekṣyanti te jñānaṃ jñāninas tattvadarśinaḥ" iti hy uktam / ata evam ādivādā anākalitaśrutismṛtītihāsapurāṇanyāyasvavāgvirodhair ajñānibhir jaganmohanāya pravartitā ity anādaraṇīyāḥ / atredaṃ tattvam -- acidvastunaś cidvastunaḥ parasya ca brahmaṇo bhogyatvena bhoktṛtvena ceśitṛtvena ca svarūpavivekam āhuḥ kāścana śrutayaḥ, "asmān māyī sṛjate viśvam etat tasmiṃś cānyo māyayā sanniruddhaḥ", "māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ", "kṣaraṃ pradhānam amṛtākṣaraṃ haraḥ kṣarātmānāv īśate deva ekaḥ" -- amṛtākṣaraṃ haraḥ iti bhoktā nirdiśyate; pradhānam ātmano bhogyatvena haratīti haraḥ -- "sa kāraṇaṃ karaṇādhipādhipo na cāsya kaściñ janitā na cādhipaḥ", "pradhānakṣetrajñapatir guṇeśaḥ", "patiṃ viśvasyātmeśvaraṃ śāśvataṃ śivam acyutam", "jñājñau dvāv ajāv īśanīśau", "nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān", "bhoktā bhogyaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā", "pṛthagātmānaṃ

13.2.p4

preritāraṃ ca matvā juṣṭas tatas tenāmṛtatvam eti", "tayor anyaḥ pippalaṃ svādv atty anaśnann anyo 'bhicākaśīti", "ajām ekāṃ lohitaśuklakṛṣṇāṃ bahvīṃ prajāṃ janayantīṃ sarūpām / ajo hy eko juṣamāṇo 'nuśete jahāty enāṃ bhuktabhogām ajo 'nyaḥ" ityādyāḥ / atrāpi, "ahaṅkāra itīyaṃ me bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā / apareyam itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parām / jīvabhūtāṃ", "sarvabhūtāni kauntteya prakṛtiṃ yānti māmikām / kalpakṣaye punas tāni kalpādau visṛjāmy aham // prakṛtiṃ svām avaṣṭabhya visṛjāmi punaḥ punaḥ / bhūtagrāmam imaṃ kṛtsnam avaśaṃ prakṛter vaśāt // ..... mayādhyakṣeṇa prakṛtis sūyate sacarācaram / hetunānena kaunteya jagad dhi parivartate //prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api "mama yonir mahad brahma tasmin garbhaṃ dadhāmy aham / saṃbhavas sarvabhūtānāṃ tato bhavati bhārata" iti / jagadyonibhūtaṃ mahad brahma madīyaṃ prakṛtyākhyaṃ bhūtasūkṣmam acidvastu yat, tasmin cetanākhyaṃ garbhaṃ saṃyojayāmi; tato matsaṅkalpakṛtāc cidacitsaṃsargād eva devādisthāvarāntānām acinmiśrāṇāṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ saṃbhavo bhavatītyarthaḥ /

13.2.p5

evaṃ bhoktṛbhogyarūpeṇāvasthitayoḥ sarvāvasthāvasthitayoś cidacitoḥ paramapuruṣaśarīratayā tanniyāmyatvena tadapṛthaksthitiṃ paramapuruṣasya cātmatvam āhuḥ kāścana śrutayaḥ, "yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan pṛthivyā antaro yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīm antaro yamayati" ity ārabhya, "ya ātmani tiṣṭhan ātmano 'ntaro yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ ya ātmānam antaro yamayati sa ta ātmāntaryāmyamṛtāḥ" iti; tathā, "yaḥ pṛthivīm antare sañcaran yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaṃ pṛthivī na veda" ity ārabhya, yo 'kṣaram antare sañcaran yasyākṣaraṃ śarīraṃ yam akṣaraṃ na veda", "yo mṛtyum antare sañcaran yasya mṛtyuś śarīraṃ yaṃ mṛtyur na veda eṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmāpahatapāpmā divyo deva eko nārāyaṇa", -- atra mṛtyuśabdena tamaśśabdavācyaṃ sūkṣmāvastham acidvastv abhidhīyate, asyām evopaniṣadi, "avyaktam akṣare līyate akṣaraṃ tamasi līyate" iti vacanāt -- "antaḥpraviṣṭaś śāstā janānāṃ sarvātmā" iti ca / evaṃ sarvāvasthāvasthitacidacidvastuśarīratayā tatprakāraḥ paramapuruṣa eva kāryāvasthakāraṇāvasthajagadrūpeṇāvasthita itīmam arthaṃ jñāpayituṃ kāścana śrutayaḥ kāryāvathaṃ kāraṇāvathaṃ ca jagat sa evety āhuḥ, "sad eva somyedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyam", "tad aikṣata bahu syāṃ prajāyeyeti / tat tejo 'sṛjata" ity ārabhya, "sanmūlās somyemās sarvāḥ prajās sadāyatanās satpratiṣṭhā", "aitadātmyam idaṃ sarvaṃ tat satyaṃ sa ātmā tat tvam asi śvetaketo" iti / tathā, "so 'kāmayata, bahu syāṃ prajāyeyeti / sa tapo 'tapyata, sa tapas taptvā, idaṃ

13.2.p6

sarvam asṛjata" ity ārabhya, "satyaṃ cāmṛtaṃ ca satyam abhavat" iti / atrāpi śrutyantarasiddhiś cidacitoḥ paramapuruṣasya ca svarūpavivekaḥ smāritaḥ, "hantāham imās tisro devatā anena jīvenātmanānupraviśya nāmarūpe vyākaravāṇi", "tat sṛṣṭvā, tad evānupraviśat, tadanupraviśya, sac ca tyac cābhavat ..... vijñānaṃ cāvijñānaṃ ca satyaṃ cānṛtaṃ ca satyam abhavat" iti ca / evaṃbhūtam eva nāmarūpavyākaraṇam, "tad dhedaṃ tarhy avyākṛtam āsīt, tannāmarūpābhyāṃ vyākriyata" ity atrāpy uktam / ataḥ kāryāvasthaḥ kāraṇāvasthaś ca sthūlasūkṣmacidacidvastuśarīraḥ paramapuruṣa eveti, kāraṇāt kāryasyānanyatvena kāraṇavijñānena kāryasya jñātatayaikavijñānena sarvavijñānaṃ ca samīhitam upapannataram / "hantāham imās tisro devatā anena jīvenātmanānupraviśya nāmarūpe vyākaravāṇi" iti, "tisro devatāḥ" iti sarvam acidvastu nirdiśya tatra svātmakajīvānupraveśena nāmarūpavyākaraṇavacanāt sarve vācakāḥ śabdāḥ acijjīvaviśiṣṭaparamātmana eva vācakā iti kāraṇāvasthaparamātmavācinā śabdena kāryavācinaḥ śabdasya sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ mukhyavṛttam / ataḥ sthūlasūkṣmacidacitprakāraṃ brahmaiva kāryaṃ kāraṇaṃ ceti brahmopādānaṃ jagat / sūkṣmacidacidvastuśarīraṃ brahmaiva kāraṇam iti jagato brahmopādānatve

13.2.p7

'pi saṃghātasyopādānatvena cidacitor brahmaṇaś ca svabhāvāsaṅkaro 'py upapannataraḥ / yathā śuklakṛṣṇaraktatantusaṃghātopādānatve 'pi citrapaṭasya tattattantupradeśa eva śauklyādisaṃbandha iti kāryāvasthāyām api na sarvatra varṇasaṅkaraḥ -- tathā cidacidīśvarasaṃghātopādānatve 'pi jagataḥ kāryāvasthāyām api bhoktṛtvabhogyatvaniyantṛtvādyasaṅkaraḥ / tantūnāṃ pṛthaksthitiyogyānām eva puruṣecchayā kadācit saṃhatānāṃ kāraṇatvaṃ kāryatvaṃ ca; iha tu cidacitos sarvāvasthayoḥ paramapuruṣaśarīratvena tatprakāratayaiva padārthatvāt tatprakāraḥ paramapuruṣa eva karāṇa kāryaṃ ca; sa eva sarvadā sarvaśabdavācya iti viśeṣaḥ / svabhāvabhedas tadasaṅkaraś ca tatra cātra ca tulyaḥ / evaṃ ca sati parasya brahmaṇaḥ kāryānupraveśe 'pi svarūpānyathābhāvābhāvād avikṛtatvam upapannataram / sthūlāvasthasya nāmarūpavibhāgavibhaktasya cidacidvastunaḥ ātmatayāvasthānāt kāryatvam apy upapannam / avasthāntarāpattir eva hi kāryatā / nirguṇavādāś ca parasya brahmaṇo heyaguṇasaṃbandhābhāvād upapadyante / "apahatapāpmā vijaro vimṛtyur viśoko vijighatso 'pipāsaḥ" iti heyaguṇān pratiṣidhya, "satyakāmas satyasaṅkalpaḥ" iti kalyāṇaguṇagaṇān vidadhatīyaṃ śrutir eva anyatra sāmānyenāvagataṃ guṇaniṣedhaṃ heyaguṇaviṣayaṃ vyavasthāpayati / jñānasvarūpa brahma iti vādaś ca sarvajñasya sarvaśakter nikhilaheyapratyanīkakaylāṇaguṇākarasya brahmaṇaḥ svarūpaṃ jñānaikanirūpaṇīyaṃ svaprakāśatayā jñānasvarūpaṃ cety abhyupagamād upapannataraḥ / "yas sarvajñaḥ sarvavit", "parāsya

13.2.p8

śaktir vividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñānabalakriyā ca, "vijñātāram are kena vijānīyāt" ityādikāḥ jñātṛtvam āvedayanti / "satyaṃ jñānam" ityādikāś ca jñānaikanirūpaṇīyatayā svaprakāśatayā ca jñānasvarūpatām / "so 'kāmayata bahu syām", "tad aikṣata bahu syām", "tan nāmarūpābhyām eva vyākriyata" iti brahmaiva svasaṅkalpād vicitrasthiratrasarūpatayā nānāprakāram avasthitam iti tatpratyanīkābrahmātmakavastunānātvam atattvam iti pratiṣidhyate, "mṛtyuḥ sa mṛtyum āpnoti ya iha nāneva paśyati ..... neha nānāsti kiñcana", "yatra hi dvaitam iva bhavati tad itara itaraṃ paśyati / yatra tv asya sarvam ātmaivābhūt tat kena kaṃ paśyet" ityādinā / na punaḥ, "bahu syāṃ prajāyeya" ityādiśrutisiddhaṃ svasaṅkalpakṛtaṃ brahmaṇo nānānāmarūpabhāktvena nānāprakāratvam api niṣidhyate / "yatra tv asya sarvam ātmaivābhūt" iti niṣedhavākyārambhe ca tat sthāpitam, "sarvaṃ taṃ parādād yo 'nyatarātmanas sarvaṃ veda", "tasya etasya mahato bhūtasya niśśvasitam etad yad ṛgvedaḥ" ityādinā / evaṃ cidacidīśvarāṇāṃ svarūpabhedaṃ svabhāvabhedaṃ ca vadantīnāṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvaṃ kāryakāraṇayor ananyatvaṃ vadantīnāṃ ca sarvāsāṃ śrutīnām avirodhaḥ, cidacitoḥ paramātmanaś ca sarvadā śarīrātmabhāvaṃ śarīrabhūtayoḥ kāraṇadaśāyāṃ nāmarūpavibhāgānarhasūkṣmadaśāpattiṃ kāryadaśāyāṃ ca tadarhasthūladaśāpattiṃ vadantībhiḥ śrutibhir eva jñāyata iti brahmājñānavādasyāupādhikabrahmabhedavādasya anyasyāpi apanyāyamūlasya sakalaśrutiviruddhasya na kathaṃcid apy avakāśo dṛśyata ity alam ativistareṇa //

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