Bhagavadgita 14
Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 14
- Language
- Sanskrit
14.1
śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
paraṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṃ jñānam uttamam |
yaj jñātvā munayaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhim ito gatāḥ ||
param pūrvoktād anyat prakṛtipuruṣāntargatam eva sattvādiguṇaviṣayaṃ jñānaṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi / tac ca jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ prakṛtipuruṣaviṣayajñānānām uttamam / yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā sarve munayas tan mananaśīlāḥ itaḥ saṃsārabandhāt parāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ parāṃ pariśuddhātmasvarūpaprāptirūpāṃ siddhim avāptāḥ //
p344302
punar api taj jñānaṃ phalena viśinaṣṭi --
14.2
idaṃ jñānam upāśritya mama sādharmyam āgatāḥ |
sarge 'pi nopajāyante pralaye na vyathanti ca ||
idam vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānam upaśritya mama sādharmyam āgatāḥ matsāmyaṃ prāptāḥ, sarge 'pi nopajāyante -- na sṛjikarmatāṃ bhajante; pralaye na vyathanti ca -- na ca saṃhṛtikarmatām //
p344729
atha prākṛtānāṃ guṇānāṃ bandhahetutāprakāraṃ vaktuṃ sarvasya bhūtajātasya prakṛtipuruṣasaṃsargajatvaṃ "yāvat saṃjāyate kiñcit" ity anenoktaṃ bhagavatā svenaiva kṛtam ity āha --
14.3
mama yonir mahadbrahma tasmin garbhaṃ dadhāmy aham |
saṃbhavas sarvabhūtānāṃ tato bhavati bhārata ||
kṛtsnasya jagato yonibhūtaṃ mama mahadbrahma yat, tasmin garbhaṃ dadhāmy aham; "bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ khaṃ mano buddhir eva ca / ahaṅkāra itīyaṃ me bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā // apareyam" iti nirdiṣṭā acetanaprakṛtiḥ mahadahaṅkārādivikārāṇāṃ kāraṇatayā mahadbrahmety ucyate / śrutāv api kvacit prakṛtir api brahmeti nirdiśyate, "yas sarvajñas sarvavid yasya jñānamayaṃ tapaḥ / tasmād etad brahma nāma rūpam annaṃ ca jāyate" iti; "itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parām / jīvabhūtām" iti cetanapuñjarūpā yā parā prakṛtir nirdiṣṭā, seha sakalaprāṇibījatayā garbhaśabdenocyate / tasmin acetane yonibhūte mahati brahmaṇi cetanapuñjarūpaṃ garbhaṃ dadhāmi; acetanaprakṛtyā bhogakṣetrabhūtayā bhoktṛvargapuñjabhūtāṃ cetanaprakṛtiṃ saṃyojayāmītyarthaḥ
/ tataḥ tasmāt prakṛtidvayasaṃyogān matsaṃkalpakṛtāt sarvabhūtānāṃ brahmādistambaparyantānāṃ saṃbhavo bhavati //
p346016
kāryāvastho 'pi cidacitprakṛtisaṃsargo mayaiva kṛta ity āha --
14.4
sarvayoniṣu kaunteya mūrtayaḥ saṃbhavanti yāḥ |
tāsāṃ brahma mahad yonir ahaṃ bījapradaḥ pitā ||
sarvāsu devagandharvayakṣarākṣasamanuṣyapaśumṛgapakṣisarīsṛpādiṣu yoniṣu tattanmūrtayo yāḥ saṃbhavanti jāyante, tāsāṃ brahma mahad yoniḥ kāraṇam; mayā saṃyojitacetanavargā mahadādiviśeṣāntāvasthā prakṛtiḥ kāraṇam ityarthaḥ / ahaṃ bījapradaḥ pitā -- tatra tatra ca tattatkarmānuguṇyena cetanavargasya saṃyojakaś cāham ityarthaḥ //
p346642
evaṃ sargādau prācīnakarmavaśād acitsaṃsargeṇa devādiyoniṣu jātānāṃ punaḥ punar devādibhāvena janmahetum āha --
14.5
sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛtisaṃbhavāḥ |
nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinam avyayam ||
sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ prakṛteḥ svarūpānubandhinaḥ svabhāvaviśeṣāḥ prakāśādikāryaikanirūpaṇīyāḥ prakṛtyavasthāyām anudbhūtāḥ tadvikāreṣu mahadādiṣu udbhūtāḥ mahadādiviśeṣāntair ārabdhadevamanuṣyādidehasaṃbandhinam enaṃ dehinam, avyayam svato guṇasaṃbandhānarhaṃ dehe vartamānaṃ nibadhnanti, dehe vartamānatvopādhinā nibadhnantītyarthaḥ //
p347334
sattvarajastamasām ākāraṃ bandhanaprakāraṃ cāha --
14.6
tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam |
sukhasaṅgena badhnāti jñānasaṅgena cānagha ||
tatra sattvarajastamas tu sattvasya svarūpam īdṛśam nirmalatvāt prakāśakam; prakāśasukhāvaraṇasvabhāvarahitatā nirmalatvam; prakāśasukhajananaikāntasvabhāvatayā prakāśasukhahetubhūtam ityarthaḥ / prakāśaḥ vastuyāthātmyāvabodhaḥ / anāmayam āmayākhyaṃ kāryaṃ na vidyata ity anāmayam; arogatāhetur ityarthaḥ / eṣa sattvākhyo guṇo dehinam enaṃ sukhasaṅgena jñānasaṅgena ca badhnāti puruṣasya sukhasaṅgaṃ jñānasaṅgaṃ ca janayatītyarthaḥ/ jñānasukhayos saṅge hi jāte tatsādhaneṣu laukikavaidikeṣu pravartate; tataś ca tatphalānubhavasādhanabhūtāsu yoniṣu jāyata iti sattvaṃ sukhajñānasaṅgadvāreṇa puruṣaṃ badhnāti / jñānasukhajananaṃ punar api tayos saṅgajananaṃ ca sattvam ity uktaṃ bhavati //
14.7
rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam |
tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam ||
rajo rāgātmakam rāgahetubhūtam / rāgaḥ yoṣitpuruṣayor anyānyaspṛhā / tṛṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam tṛṣṇāsaṅgayor udbhavasthānam -- tṛṣṇāsaṅgahetubhūtam ityarthaḥ / tṛṣṇā śabdādisarvaviṣayaspṛhā; saṅgaḥ putramitrādiṣu saṃbandhiṣu saṃśleṣaspṛhā / tad rajaḥ dehinaṃ karmasu kriyāsu spṛhājananadvāreṇa nibadhnāti; kriyāsu hi spṛhayā yāḥ kriyā ārabhate dehī, tāś ca puṇyapāparūpā iti tatphalānubhavasādhanabhūtāsu yoniṣu janmahetavo bhavanti / ataḥ karmasaṅgadvāreṇa rajo dehinaṃ nibadhnāti / tad evaṃ rajo rāgatṛṣṇāsaṅgahetuḥ karmasaṅgahetuś cety uktaṃ bhavati //
14.8
tamas tv ajñānajaṃ viddhi mohanaṃ sarvadehinām |
pramādālasyanidrābhis tan nibadhnāti bhārata ||
jñānād anyad iha ajñānam abhipretam / jñānaṃ vastuyathātmyāvabodhaḥ; tasmād anyat tadviparyayajñānam / tamas tu vastuyāthātmyaviaparītaviṣayajñānajam / mohanaṃ sarvadehinām / moho viparyayajñānam; viparyayajñānahetur ityarthaḥ / tat tamaḥ pramādālasyanidrāhetutayā taddvāreṇa dehinaṃ nibadhnāti / pramādaḥ kartavyāt karmaṇo 'nyatra pravṛttihetubhūtam anavadhānam / ālasyam karmasv anārambhasvabhāvaḥ; stabdhateti yāvat / puruṣasyendriyapravartanaśrāntyā sarvendriyapravartanoparatir nidrā; tatra bāhyendriyapravartanoparamaḥ svapnaḥ; manaso 'py uparatiḥ suṣuptiḥ //
p349853
sattvādīnāṃ bandhadvārabhūteṣu pradhānāny āha --
14.9
sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata |
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde sañjayaty uta ||
sattvaṃ sukhasaṅgapradhānam; rajaḥ karmasaṅgapradhānam; tamas tu vastuyāthātmyajñānam āvṛtya viparītajñānahetutayā kartavyaviparītapravṛttisaṅgapradhānam //
p350273
dehākārapariṇatāyāḥ prakṛteḥ svarūpānubandhinaḥ sattvādayo guṇāḥ; te ca svarūpānubandhitvena sarvadā sarve vartante iti parasparaviruddhaṃ kāryaṃ kathaṃ janayantīty atra āha --
14.10
rajas tamaś cābhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati bhārata |
rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajas tathā ||
yady api sattvādyas trayaḥ prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭātmasvarūpānubandhinaḥ, tathāpi prācīnakarmavaśād dehāpy āyanabhūtāhāravaiṣamyāc ca sattvādayaḥ parasparasamudbhavābhibhavarūpeṇa vartante / rajastamasī kadācid abhibhūya sattvam udriktaṃ vartate; tathā tamassattve abhibhūya rajaḥ kadācit; kadācic ca rajassattve abhibhūya tamaḥ //
p351015
tac ca kāryopalabhyaivāvagacched ity āha --
14.11
sarvadvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate /
jñānaṃ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛddhaṃ sattvam ity uta ||
sarveṣu cakṣurādiṣu jñānadvāreṣu yadā vastuyāthātmyaprakāśe jñānam upajāyate, tadā tasmin dehe sattvaṃ pravṛddham iti vidyāt //
14.12
lobhaḥ pravṛttir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā /
rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha //
lobhaḥ svakīyadravyasyātyāgaśīlatā; pravṛttiḥ prayojanam anuddiśyāpi calanasvabhāvātā; ārambhaḥ karmaṇām -- phalasādhanabhūtānāṃ karmaṇām ārambhaḥ; aśamaḥ indriyānuratiḥ; spṛhā -- viṣayecchā / etāni rajasi pravṛddhe jāyante / yadā lobhādayo vartante, tadā rajaḥ pravṛddham iti vidyād ityarthaḥ //
14.13
aprakāśo 'pravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca /
tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kurunandana //
aprakāśaḥ jñānānudayaḥ; apravṛttiś ca stabdhatā; pramādaḥ akāryapravṛttiphalam anavadhānam; mohaḥ viparītajñānam / etāni tamasi pravṛddhe jāyante / etais tamaḥ pravṛddham iti vidyāt //
14.14
yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṃ yāti dehabhṛt /
tadottamavidāṃ lokān amalān pratipadyate //
yadā sattvaṃ pravṛddhaṃ tadā, sattve pravṛddhe dehabhṛt pralayaṃ maraṇaṃ yāti cet, uttamavidām uttamatattvavidām ātmayāthātmyavidām lokān samūhān amalān malarahitān -- ajñānarahitān, pratipadyate prāpnoti / sattve pravṛddhe tu mṛtaḥ ātmavidāṃ kuleṣu janitvā ātmayāthātmyajñānasādhaneṣu puṇyakarmasv adhikarotīty uktaṃ bhavati //
Translations (3)
- Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita — Swami Swarupananda 1909, English
- The Song Celestial — Edwin Arnold 1885, English
- The Bhagavadgîtâ (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 8) — Kashinath Trimbak Telang 1882, English
Commentaries (14)
- Subodhinī — Śrīdhara Svāmin, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvīraśaivabhāṣya — Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvivaraṇa (Sarvatobhadra) — Sanskrit
- Jñāneśvarī — Jñāneśvara, Marathi
- Gītārthasaṅgraha (of Abhinavagupta) — Abhinavagupta, Sanskrit
- Sārārthavarṣiṇī — Viśvanātha Cakravartin 1680, Sanskrit
- Tātparyabodhinī — Śaṅkarānanda, Sanskrit
- Tattvaprakāśikā — Keśava Kāśmīrī, Sanskrit
- Bālabodhinī — G.S. Pathak 1825, Sanskrit
- Arthaprakāśikā — Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 1715, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthadīpikā — Madhusūdana Sarasvatī 1570, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthacandrikā — Vanamālī Miśra 1660, Sanskrit
- Vaṃśī — Vaṃśīdhara 1675, Sanskrit
Other recensions (1)
- Vulgate (700 verses) — Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit