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Bhagavadgita 18

Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 18

Language
Sanskrit

18.1

arjuna uvāca ---
saṃnyāsasya mahābāho tattvam icchāmi veditum |
tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthak keśiniṣūdana ||
tyāgasaṃnyāsau hi mokṣasādhanatayā vihitau, "na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaike amṛtatvam ānaśuḥ -- vedāntavijñānasuniścitārthās saṃnyāsayogād yatayaś śuddhasattvāḥ / te brahmaloke tu parāntakāle parāmṛtāt parimucyanti sarve" ityādiṣu / asya saṃnyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvam yāthātmyaṃ pṛthak veditum icchāmi / ayam abhiprāyaḥ -- kim etau saṃnyāsatyāgaśabdau pṛthagarthau, utaikārthav eva yadā pṛthagarthau, tadā anayoḥ pṛthaktvena svarūpaṃ veditum icchāmi; ekatve 'pi tasya svarūpaṃ vaktavyam iti //

18.2

athā7nayor ekam eva sva-rūpam, tac ce8dṛśam iti nirṇetuṃ vādi-vipratipattiṃ darśayan śrī-bhagavān uvāca --- śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ |
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ ||
kecana vidvāṃsaḥ kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpatyāgaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ viduḥ / kecic ca vicakṣaṇāḥ nityānāṃ naimittikānāṃ ca kāmyānāṃ sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalatyāga eva mokṣaśāstreṣu tyāgaśabdārtha iti prāhuḥ / tatra śāstrīyatyāgaḥ kāmyakarmasvarūpaviṣayaḥ; sarvakarmaphalaviṣaya iti vivādaṃ pradarśayan ekatra saṃnyāsaśabdam itaratra tyāgaśabdaṃ prayuktavān / atas tyāgasaṃnyāsaśabdayor ekārthatvam aṅgīkṛtam iti jñāyate / tathā "niścayaṃ śṛṇu me tatra tyāge bharatasattama" iti tyāgaśabdenaiva nirṇayavacanāt, "niyatasya tu saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate / mohāt tasya parityāgaḥ tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ //", "aniṣṭam iṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam / bhavaty atyāgināṃ pretya na tu saṃnyāsināṃ
kvacit" iti parasparaparyāyatādarśanāc ca tayor ekārthatvam aṅgīkṛtam iti niścīyate //

18.3

tyājyaṃ doṣavad ity eke karma prāhur manīṣiṇaḥ |
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyam iti cāpare ||
eke manīṣiṇaḥ kāpilāḥ vaidikāś ca tanmatānusāriṇaḥ rāgādidoṣavad bandhakatvāt sarvaṃ yajñādikaṃ karma mumukṣuṇā tyājyam iti prāhuḥ; apare paṇḍitāḥ yajñādikaṃ karma na tyājyam iti prāhuḥ //

18.4

niścayaṃ śṛṇu me tatra tyāge bharatasattama |
tyāgo hi puruṣavyāghra trividhas saṃprakīrtitaḥ ||
tatra evaṃ vādivipratipanne tyāge tyāgaviṣayaṃ niścayaṃ mattaś śṛṇu; tyāgaḥ kriyamāṇeṣv eva vaidikeṣu karmasu phalaviṣayatayā, karmaviṣayatayā, kartṛtvaviṣayatayā ca pūrvam eva hi mayā trividhas saṃprakīrtitaḥ, "mayi sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasyādhyātmacetasā / nirāśīr nirmamo bhūtvā yuddhyasva vigatajvaraḥ" iti / karmajanyaṃ svargādikaṃ phalaṃ mama na syād iti phalatyāgaḥ; madīyaphalasādhanatayā madīyam idaṃ karmeti karmaṇi mamatāyāḥ parityāgaḥ karmaviṣayas tyāgaḥ; sarveśvare kartṛtvānusaṃdhānenātmanaḥ kartṛtātyāgaḥ kartṛtvaviṣayas tyāgaḥ //

18.5

yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyaṃ kāryam eva tat |

18.4_2

yajñadānatapaḥprabhṛti vaidikaṃ karma mumukṣuṇā na kadācid api tyājyam, api tu ā prayāṇād aharahaḥ kāryam eva //

p411175

kutaḥ ?

18.5_2

yajño dānaṃ tapaś caiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām ||

18.5_3

yajñadānatapaḥprabhṛtīni varṇāśramasaṃbandhīni karmāṇi manīṣiṇāṃ mananaśīlānāṃ pāvanāni / mananam upāsanam; mumukṣūṇāṃ yāvajjīvam upāsanaṃ kurvatām upāsananiṣpattivirodhiprācīnakarmavināśanānītyarthaḥ //

18.6

etāny api tu karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalāni ca |
kartavyānīti me pārtha niścitaṃ matam uttamam ||
yasmān manīṣiṇāṃ yajñadānatapaḥprabhṛtīni pāvanāni, tasmād upāsanavad etāny api yajñādikarmāṇi madārādhanarūpāṇi, saṅgam -- karmaṇi mamatāṃ phalāni ca tyaktvā aharahar āprayāṇād upāsananivṛttaye mumukṣuṇā kartavyānīti mama niścitam uttamaṃ matam //

18.7

niyatasya tu saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate |
mohāt tasya parityāgas tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||
niyatasya nityanaimittikasya mahāyajñādeḥ karmaṇaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ tyāgo nopapadyate, "śarīrayātrāpi ca tena prasiddhyed akarmaṇaḥ" iti śarīrayātrāyā evāsiddheḥ, śarīrayātrā hi yajñaśiṣṭāśanena nirvartyamānā samyagjñānāya prabhavati; anyathā, "te tv aghaṃ bhuñjate pāpāḥ" ity ayajñaśiṣṭāgharūpāśanāpyāyanaṃ manaso viparītajñānāya bhavati / "annamayaṃ hi somya manaḥ" ity annena hi mana āpyāyate / "āhāraśuddhau sattvaśuddhis sattvaśuddhau dhruvā smṛtiḥ / smṛtilambhe sarvagranthīnāṃ vipramokṣaḥ //" iti brahmasākṣātkārarūpaṃ jñānam āhāraśuddhyāyattaṃ śrūyate / tasmān mahāyajñādinityanaimittikaṃ karma ā prayāṇād brahmajñānāyaivopādeyam iti tasya tyāgo nopapadyate / evaṃ jñānotpādinaḥ karmaṇo
bandhakatvamohāt parityāgas tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ / tamomūlas tyāgas tāmasaḥ / tamaḥkāryājñānamūlatvena tyāgasya tamomūlatvam / tamo hy ajñānasya mūlaṃ, "pramādamohau tamaso bhavato 'jñānam eva ca" ity atroktam / ajñānaṃ tu jñānavirodhi viparītajñānam; tathā ca vakṣyate, "adharmaṃ dharmam iti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā / sarvārthān viparītāṃś ca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī" iti / ato nityanaimittikādeḥ karmaṇas tyāgo viparītajñānamūla evetyarthaḥ //

18.8

duḥkham ity eva yaḥ karma kāyakleśabhayāt tyajet |
sa kṛtvā rājasaṃ tyāgaṃ naiva tyāgaphalaṃ labhet ||
yady api paraṃparayā mokṣasādhanabhūtaṃ karma, tathāpi duḥkhātmakadravyārjanasādhyatvād bahvāyāsarūpatayā kāyakleśakaratvāc ca manaso 'vasādakaram iti tadbhītyā yoganiṣpattaye jñānābhyāsa eva yatanīya iti / yo mahāyajñādyāśramakarma parityajet, sa rājasaṃ rajomūlaṃ tyāgaṃ kṛtvā tad ayathāvasthitaśāstrārtharūpam iti jñānotpattirūpaṃ tyāgaphalaṃ na labhate; "ayathāvat prajānāti buddhis sā pārtha rājasī" iti hi vakṣyate / na hi karma dṛṣṭadvāreṇa manaḥprasādahetuḥ, api tu bhavagatprasādadvāreṇa //

18.9

kāryam ity eva yat karma niyataṃ kriyate 'rjuna |
saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalaṃ caiva, sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ ||

p414202

nityanaimittikamahāyajñādivarṇāśramavihitaṃ karma madārādhanarūpatayā kāryaṃ svayaṃprayojanam iti matvā saṅgam karmaṇi mamatāṃ phalaṃ ca tyaktvā yat kriyate, sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ, sa sattvamūlaḥ, yathāvasthitaśāstrārthajñānamūla ityarthaḥ / sattvaṃ hi yathāvasthitavastujñānam utpādayatīty uktam, "sattvāt saṃjāyate jñānam" iti / vakṣyate ca, "pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca kāryākāryaṃ bhayābhaye / bandhaṃ mokṣaṃ ca yā vetti buddhiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī// " iti //

18.10

na dveṣṭy akuśalaṃ karma kuśale nānuṣajjate |
tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī cchinnasaṃśayaḥ ||
evaṃ sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī yathāvasthitatattvajñānaḥ, tata eva cchinnasaṃśayaḥ, karmaṇi saṅgaphalakartṛtvatyāgī, na dveṣṭy akuśalaṃ karma; śukale ca karmaṇi nānuṣajjate / akuśalaṃ karma aniṣṭaphalam, kuśalaṃ ca karma iṣṭarūpasvargaputrapaśvannādyādiphalam / sarvasmin karmaṇi mamatārahitatvāt, tyaktabrahmavyatiriktasarvaphalatvāt, tyaktakartṛtvāc ca tayoḥ kriyamāṇayoḥ prītidveṣau na karoti / aniṣṭaphalaṃ pāpaṃ karmātra prāmādikam abhipretam; "nāvirato duścaritān nāśānto nāsamāhitaḥ / nāśāntamānaso vāpi prajñānenainam āpnuyāt //" iti duścaritāvirater jñānotpattivirodhitvaśravaṇāt / ataḥ karmaṇi kartṛtvasaṅgaphalānāṃ tyāgaḥ śāstrīyatyāgaḥ, na karmasvarūpatyāgaḥ //

p415615

tad āha --

18.11

na hi dehabhṛtā śakyaṃ tyaktuṃ karmāṇy aśeṣataḥ |
yas tu karmaphalatyāgī sa tyāgīty abhidhīyate ||
na hi dehabhṛtā dhriyamāṇaśarīreṇa karmāṇy aśeṣatas tyaktuṃ śakyam; dehadhāraṇārthānām aśanapānādīnāṃ tadanubandhināṃ ca karmaṇām avarjanīyatvāt / tad arthaṃ ca mahāyajñādyanuṣṭhānam avarjanīyam / yas tu teṣu mahāyajñādikarmasu phalatyāgī sa eva, "tyāgenaike amṛtatvam ānaśuḥ" ityādiśāstreṣu tyāgīty abhidhīyate / phalatyāgīti pradarśanārthaṃ phalakartṛtvakarmasaṅgānāṃ tyāgīti; "trividhaḥ saṃprakīrtitaḥ" iti prakramāt //

p416283

nanu karmāṇy agnihotradarśapūrṇamāsajyotiṣṭomādīni, mahāyajñādīni ca svargādiphalasaṃbandhitayā śāstrair vidhīyante; nityanaimittikānām api "prājāpatyaṃ gṛhasthānām" ityādiphalasaṃbandhitayaiva hi codanā / ataḥ tattatphalasādhanasvabhāvatayāvagatānāṃ karmaṇām anuṣṭhāne, bījāvāpādīnām iva, anabhisaṃhitaphalasyāpi iṣṭāniṣṭarūpaphalasaṃbandhaḥ avarjanīyaḥ / ato mokṣavirodhiphalatvena mumukṣuṇā na karmānuṣṭheyam ity ata uttaram āha --

18.12

aniṣṭam iṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam |
bhavaty atyāgināṃ pretya na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kvacit ||
aniṣṭam narakādiphalam, iṣṭam svargādi, miśram aniṣṭasaṃbhinnaṃ putrapaśvannādyādi; etat trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam, atyāginām kartṛtvamamatāphalatyāgarahitānāṃ pretya bhavati / pretya karmānuṣṭhānottarakālam ityarthaḥ / na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kvacit -- na tu kartṛtvādiparityāgināṃ kvacid api mokṣavirodhi phalaṃ bhavati / etad uktaṃ bhavati -- yady apy agnihotramahāyajñādīni tāny eva, tathāpi jīvanādhikārakāmādhikārayor iva mokṣādhikāre ca viniyogapṛthaktvena parihriyate / mokṣaviniyogaś ca, "tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena" ityādibhir iti / tad evaṃ kriyamāṇeṣv eva karmasu
kartṛtvādiparityāgaḥ śāstrasiddhiḥ saṃnyāsaḥ; sa eva ca tyāga ity uktaḥ //

p417695

idānīṃ bhagavati puruṣottame antaryāmiṇi kartṛtvānusaṃdhānena ātmani akartṛtvānusaṃdhānaprakāram āha, tata eva phalakarmaṇor api mamatāparityāgo bhavatīti / paramapuruṣo hi svakīyena jīvātmanā svakīyaiś ca karaṇakalevaraprāṇaiḥ svalīlāprayojanāya karmāṇy ārabhate / ato jīvātmagataṃ kṣunnivṛttyādikam api phalam, tatsādhanabhūtaṃ ca karma paramapuruṣasyaiva /

18.13

pañcaitāni mahābāho kāraṇāni nibodhe me /
sāṃkhye kṛtānte proktāni siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām ||
sāṃkhyā buddhiḥ, sāṃkhye kṛtānte yathāvasthitatattvaviṣayayā vaidikyā buddhyā anusaṃhite nirṇaye sarvakarmaṇāṃ siddhaye utpattaye, proktāni pañcaitāni kāraṇāni nibodhe me -- mama sakāśād anusaṃdhatsva / vaidikī hi buddhiḥ śarīrendriyaprāṇajīvātmopakaraṇaṃ paramātmānam eva kartāram avadhārayati, "ya ātmani tiṣṭhan ātmano 'ntaro yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ ya ātmānam antaro yamayati sa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ", "antaḥpraviṣṭaḥ śāstā janānāṃ sarvātmā" ityādiṣu //

p418764

tad idam āha --

18.14

adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā kartā karaṇaṃ ca pṛthagvidham /
vividhā ca pṛthakceṣṭā daivaṃ caivātra pañcamam //

18.15

śarīravāṅmanobhir yat karma prārabhate naraḥ /
nyāyyaṃ vā viparītaṃ vā pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ //

18.14-15

nyāyye śāstrasiddhe, viparīte pratiṣiddhe vā sarvasmin karmaṇi śarīre, vācike, mānase ca pañcaite hetavaḥ / adhiṣṭhānam śarīram; adhiṣṭhīyate jīvātmaneti mahābhūtasaṃghātarūpaṃ śarīram adhiṣṭhānam / tathā kartā jīvātmā; asya jīvātmano jñātṛtvaṃ kartṛtvaṃ ca, "jño 'ta eva", "kartā śāstrārthavattvāt " iti ca sūtropapāditam / karaṇaṃ ca pṛthagvidham -- vākpāṇipādādipañcakaṃ samanaskaṃ karmendriyaṃ pṛthagvidham karmaniṣpattau pṛthagvyāpāram / vividhā ca pṛthakceṣṭā / ceṣṭāśabdena pañcātmā vāyur abhidhīyate tadvṛttivācinā; śarīrendriyadhāraṇasya prāṇāpānādibhedabhinnasya vāyoḥ pañcātmano vividhā ca ceṣṭā vividhā vṛttiḥ / daivaṃ caivātra pañcamam -- atra karmahetukalāpe daivaṃ pañcamam -- paramātmā
antaryāmī karmaniṣpattau pradhānahetur ityarthaḥ / uktaṃ hi, "sarvasya cāhaṃ hṛdi sanniviṣṭo mattaḥ smṛtir jñānam apohanaṃ ca" iti / vakṣyati ca, "īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ hṛddeśe 'rjuna tiṣṭhati / bhrāmayan sarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā" iti / paramātmāyattaṃ ca jīvātmanaḥ kartṛtvam, "parāt tu tacchruteḥ" ityādyupapāditam / nanv evaṃ paramātmāyatte jīvātmanaḥ kartṛtve jīvātmā karmaṇy aniyojyo bhavatīti vidhiniṣedhaśāstrāṇy anarthakāni syuḥ // idam api codyaṃ sūtrakāreṇa parihṛtam, "kṛtaprayatnāpekṣas tu vihitapratiṣiddhāvaiyārthyādibhyaḥ" iti / etad uktaṃ bhavati -- paramātmanā dattais tadādhāraiś ca karaṇakalebarādibhis tadāhitaśaktibhiḥ svayaṃ ca jīvātmā tadādhāras tadāhitaśaktis san karmaniṣpattaye svecchayā
karaṇādyadhiṣṭhānākāraṃ prayatnaṃ cārabhate; tadantaravasthitaḥ paramātmā svānumatidānena taṃ pravartayatīti jīvasyāpi svabuddhyaiva pravṛttihetutvam asti; yathā gurutaraśilāmahīruhādicalanādiphalapravṛttiṣu bahupuruṣasādhyāsu bahūnāṃ hetutvaṃ vidhiniṣedhabhāktvaṃ ceti //

18.16

tatraivaṃ sati kartāram ātmānaṃ kevalaṃ tu yaḥ /
paśyaty akṛtabuddhitvān na sa paśyati durmatiḥ //
evaṃ vastutaḥ paramātmānumatipūrvake jīvātmanaḥ kartṛtve sati, tatra karmaṇi kevalam ātmānam eva kartāraṃ yaḥ paśyati, sa durmatiḥ viparītamatiḥ akṛtabuddhitvād aniṣpannayathāvasthitavastubuddhitvān na paśyati na yathāvasthitaṃ kartāraṃ paśyati //

18.17

yasya nāhaṃkṛto bhāvo buddhir yasya na lipyate /
hatvāpi sa imāṃl lokān na hanti na nibadhyate //
paramapuruṣakartṛtvānusaṃdhānena yasya bhāvaḥ kartṛtvaviṣayo manovṛttiviśeṣaḥ nāhaṃkṛtaḥ nāhamabhimānakṛtaḥ / ahaṃ karomīti jñānaṃ yasya na vidyata ityarthaḥ / buddhir yasya na lipyate asmin karmaṇi mama kartṛtvābhāvād etatphalaṃ na mayā saṃbadhyate, na ca madīyaṃ karmeti yasya buddhir jāyata ityarthaḥ / sa imān lokān yuddhe hatvāpi tān na nihanti; na kevalaṃ bhīṣmādīn ityarthaḥ / tatas tena yuddhākhyena karmaṇā na nibadhyate / tatphalaṃ nānubhavatītyarthaḥ //

p422044

sarvam idam akartṛtvādyanusandhānaṃ sattvaguṇavṛddhyaiva bhavatīti sattvasyopādeyatājñāpanāya karmaṇi sattvādiguṇakṛtaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ prapañcayiṣyan karmacodanāprakāraṃ tāvad āha --

18.18

jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ parijñātā trividhā karmacodanā /
kāraṇaṃ karma karteti trividhaḥ karmasaṃgrahaḥ //
jñānam kartavyakarmaviṣayaṃ jñānam, jñeyaṃ ca kartavyaṃ karma, parijñātā tasya boddheti trividhā karmacodanā / bodhaboddhavyaboddhṛyukto jyotiṣṭomādikarmavidhir ityarthaḥ / tatra boddhavyarūpaṃ karma trividhaṃ saṃgṛhyate karaṇaṃ karma karteti / karaṇam sādhanabhūtaṃ dravyādikam; karma yāgādikam; kartā anuṣṭhāteti //

18.19

jñānaṃ karma ca kartā ca tridhaiva guṇabhedataḥ /
procyate guṇasaṃkhyāne yathāvac chṛṇu tāny api //
kartavyakarmaviṣayaṃ jñānam, anuṣṭhīyamānaṃ ca karma, tasyānuṣṭhātā ca sattvādiguṇabhedatas trividhaiva procyate guṇasaṃkhyāne guṇakāryagaṇane / yathāvac chṛṇu tāny api tāni guṇato bhinnāni jñānādīni yathāvac chṛṇu //

18.20

sarvabhūteṣu yenaikaṃ bhāvam avyayam īkṣate /
avibhaktaṃ vibhakteṣu taj jñānaṃ viddhi sāttvikam //
brāhmaṇakṣatriyabrahmacārigṛhasthādirūpeṇa vibhakteṣu sarveṣu bhūteṣu karmādhikāriṣu yena jñānenaikam ātmākhyaṃ bhāvaṃ, tatrāpy avibhaktam brāhmaṇatvādyanekākāreṣv api bhūteṣu sitadīrghādivibhāgavatsu jñānākāre ātmani vibhāgarahitam, avyayaṃ vyayasvabhāveṣv api brāhmaṇādiśarīreṣu avyayam avikṛtaṃ phalādisaṅgānarhaṃ ca karmādhikāravelāyām īkṣate, taj jñānaṃ sāttvikaṃ viddhi //

18.21

pṛthaktvena tu yaj jñānaṃ nānābhāvān pṛthagvidhān /
vetti sarveṣu bhūteṣu taj jñānaṃ viddhi rājasam //
sarveṣu bhūteṣu brāhmaṇādiṣu brāhmaṇādyākārapṛthaktvenātmākhyān api bhāvān nānābhūtān sitadīrghādipṛthaktvena ca pṛthagvidhān phalādisaṃyogayogyān karmādhikāravelāyāṃ yaj jñānaṃ vetti, taj jñānaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi //

18.22

yat tu kṛtsnavad ekasmin kārye saktam ahetukam /
atattvārthavad alpaṃ ca tat tāmasam udāhṛtam //
yat tu jñānam, ekasmin kārye ekasmin kartavye karmaṇi pretabhūtagaṇādyārādhanarūpe atyalpaphale kṛtsnaphalavat saktam, ahetukam vastutas tv akṛtsnaphalavattayā tathāvidhasaṅgaheturahitam atattvārthavat pūrvavad evātmani pṛthaktvādiyuktatayā mithyābhūtārthaviṣayam, atyalpaphalaṃ ca pretabhūtādyārādhanaviṣayatvād alpaṃ ca, taj jñānaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam //

p424728

evaṃ kartavyakarmaviṣayajñānasyādhikāravelāyām adhikāryaṃśena guṇatas traividhyam uktvā anuṣṭheyasya karmaṇo guṇatas traividhyam āha --

18.23

niyataṃ saṅgarahitam arāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam /
aphalaprepsunā karma yat tat sāttvikam ucyate //
niyatam svavarṇāśramocitam, saṅgarahitam kartṛtvādisaṅgarahitam, arāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam kīrtirāgād akīrtidveṣāc ca na kṛtam; adambhena kṛtam ityarthaḥ; aphalaprepsunā aphalābhisandhinā kāryam ity eva kṛtaṃ yat karma, tat sāttvikam ucyate //

18.24

yat tu kāmepsunā karma sāhaṅkāreṇa vā punaḥ /
kriyate bahulāyāsaṃ tad rājasam udāhṛtam //
yat tu punaḥ kāmepsunā phalaprepsunā sāhaṃkāreṇa vā vāśabdaś cārthe kartṛtvābhimānayuktena ca, bahulāyāsaṃ yat karma kriyate, tad rājasam bahulāyāsam idaṃ karma mayaiva kriyata ity evaṃrūpābhimānayuktena yat karma kriyate, tad rājasam ityarthaḥ //

18.25

anubandhaṃ kṣayaṃ hiṃsām anavekṣya ca pauruṣam /
mohād ārabhyate karma yat tat tāmasam ucyate //
kṛte karmaṇy anubadhyamānaṃ duḥkham anubandhaḥ; kṣayaḥ karmaṇi kriyamāṇe arthavināśaḥ; hiṃsā tatra prāṇipīḍā; pauruṣam ātmanaḥ karmasamāpanasāmarthyam; etāni anavekṣya avimṛśya, mohāt paramapuruṣakartṛtvājñānād yat karmārabhyate, tat tāmasam ucyate //

18.26

muktasaṅgo 'nahaṃvādī dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ /
siddhyasiddhyor nirvikāraḥ kartā sāttvika ucyate //
muktasaṅgaḥ phalasaṅgarahitaḥ anahaṃvādī kartṛtvābhimānarahitaḥ, dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ ārabdhe karmaṇi yāvatkarmasamāptyavarjanīyaduḥkhadhāraṇaṃ dhṛtiḥ; utsāhaḥ udyuktacetastvam; tābhyāṃ samanvitaḥ, siddhyasiddhyor nirvikāraḥ yuddhādau karmaṇi tadupakaraṇabhūtadravyārjanādiṣu ca siddhyasiddhyor avikṛtacittaḥ kartā sāttvika ucyate //

18.27

ragī karmaphalaprepsur lubdho hiṃsātmako 'śuciḥ /
harṣaśokānvitaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ //
rāgī yaśo'rthī, karmaphalaprepsuḥ karmaphalārthī; lubdhaḥ karmāpekṣitadravyavyayasvabhāvarahitaḥ, hiṃsātmakaḥ parān pīḍayitvā taiḥ karma kurvāṇaḥ, aśuciḥ karmāpekṣitaśuddhirahitaḥ, harṣaśokānvitaḥ yuddhādau karmaṇi jayādisiddhyasiddhyor harṣaśokānvitaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ //

18.28

ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naikṛtiko 'lasaḥ /
viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate //
ayuktaḥ śāstrīyakarmāyogyaḥ, vikarmasthaḥ, prākṛtaḥ anadhigatavidyaḥ, stabdhaḥ anārambhaśīlaḥ, śaṭhaḥ abhicārādikarmaruciḥ, naikṛtikaḥ vañcanaparaḥ, alasaḥ ārabdheṣv api karmasu mandapravṛttiḥ, viṣādī atimātrāvasādaśīlaḥ dīrghasūtrī abhicārādikarma kurvan pareṣu dīrghakālavartyanarthaparyālocanaśīlaḥ, evaṃbhūto yaḥ kartā, sa tāmasaḥ //

p427727

evaṃ kartavyakarmaviṣayajñāne kartavye ca karmaṇi anuṣṭhātari ca guṇatas traividhyam uktam; idānīṃ sarvatattvasarvapuruṣārthaniścayarūpāyā buddher dhṛteś ca guṇatas traividhyam āha --

18.29

buddher bhedaṃ dhṛteś caiva guṇatas trividhaṃ śṛṇu /
procyamānam aśeṣeṇa pṛthaktvena dhanaṃjaya //
buddhiḥ vivekapūrvakaṃ niścayarūpaṃ jñānam; dhṛtiḥ ārabdhāyāḥ kriyāyā vighnopanipāte 'pi dhāraṇam, tayos sattvādiguṇatas trividhaṃ bhedaṃ pṛthaktvena procyamānaṃ yathāvac chṛṇu //

18.30

pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca kāryākārye bhayābhaye /
bandhaṃ mokṣaṃ ca yā vetti buddhiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī //
pravṛttiḥ abhyudayasādhanabhūto dharmaḥ, nivṛttiḥ mokṣasādhanabhūtaḥ, tav ubhau yathāvasthitau yā buddhir vetti; kāryākārye sarvavarṇānāṃ pravṛttinivṛttidharmayor anyataraniṣṭhānāṃ deśakālāvasthāviśeṣeṣu "idaṃ kāryam, idam akāryam" iti yā vetti; bhayābhaye -- śāstrātivṛttir bhayasthānaṃ tadanuvṛttir abhayasthānam, bandhaṃ mokṣaṃ ca saṃsārayāthātmyaṃ tadvigamayāthātmyaṃ ca yā vetti; sā sāttvikī buddhiḥ //

18.31

yathā dharmam adharmaṃ ca kāryaṃ cākāryam eva ca /
ayathāvat prajānāti buddhiḥ sā pārtha rājasī //
yathā pūrvoktaṃ dvividhaṃ dharmaṃ tadviparītaṃ ca tanniṣṭhānāṃ deśakālāvasthādiṣu kāryaṃ cākāryaṃ ca yathāvan na jānāti, sā rājasī buddhiḥ //

18.32

adharmaṃ dharmam iti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā /
sarvārthān viparītāṃś ca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī //
tāmasī tu buddhiḥ tamasāvṛtā satī sarvārthān viparītān manyate / adharmaṃ dharmaṃ, dharmaṃ cādharmaṃ, santaṃ cārtham asantam, asantam cārthaṃ santaṃ, paraṃ ca tattvam aparam, aparaṃ ca tattvaṃ param / evaṃ sarvaṃ viparītaṃ manyata ityarthaḥ //

18.33

dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ /
yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī //
yayā dhṛtyā yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā manaḥprāṇendriyāṇāṃ kriyāḥ puruṣo dhārayate; yogaḥ mokṣasādhanabhūtaṃ bhagavadupāsanam; yogena prayojanabhūtenāvyabhicāriṇyā yogoddeśena pravṛttās tatsādhanabhūtā manaḥprabhṛtīnāṃ kriyāḥ yayā dhṛtyā dhārayate, sā sāttvikītyarthaḥ //

18.34

yayā tu dharmakāmārthān dhṛtyā dhārayate 'rjuna /
prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī //
phalākāṅkṣī puruṣaḥ prakṛṣṭasaṅgena dharmakāmārthān yayā dhṛtyā dhārayate, sā rājasī / dharmakāmārthaśabdena tatsādhanabhūtā manaḥprāṇendriyakriyā lakṣyante / phalākāṅkṣīty atrāpi phalaśabdena rājasatvād dharmakāmārthā eva vivakṣitāḥ / ato dharmakāmārthāpekṣayā manaḥprabhṛtīnāṃ kriyā yayā dhṛtyā dhārayate, sā rājasīty uktaṃ bhavati //

18.35

yayā svapnaṃ bhayaṃ śokaṃ viṣādaṃ madam eva ca /
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī //
yayā dhṛtyā /svapnaṃ nidrām / madaṃ viṣayānubhavajanitaṃ madam / svapnamadav uddiśya pravṛttā manaḥprāṇādīnāṃ kriyāḥ durmedhā na vimuñcati dhārayati / bhayaśokaviṣādaśabdāś ca bhayaśokādidāyiviṣayaparāḥ; tatsādhanabhūtāś ca manaḥprāṇādikriyā yayā dhārayate, sā dhṛtis tāmasī //

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