Bhagavadgita 16
Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) 16
- Language
- Sanskrit
16.1
BhG 16
16.2
atha daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma
ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
16.3
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
16.4
daivī āsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇiṇāṃ prakṛtayo navame 'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tāsāṃ vistareṇa pradarśanāya abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādir adhyāyaḥ ārabhyate | tatra saṃsāra-mokṣāya daivī prakṛtiḥ, nibandhāyāsurī rākṣasī ceti daivyā ādānāya pradarśanaṃ kriyate | itarayoḥ parivarjanāya ca śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
16.5
abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ |
dānaṃ damaś ca yajñaś ca svādhyāyas tapa ārjavam ||
16.6
abhayam abhīrutā | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ sattvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya saṃśuddhiḥ | saṃvyavahāreṣu para-vañcanā-māyānṛtādi-parivarjanaṃ śuddha-sattva-bhāvena vyavahāra ity arthaḥ | jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitir jñānaṃ śāstrata ācāryataś ca ātmādi-padārthānām avagamaḥ | avagatānām indriyādy-upasaṃhāreṇaikāgratayā svātma-saṃvedyatāpādanaṃ yogaḥ | tayor jñāna-yogayor vyāvasthitiḥ vyavasthānaṃ tan-niṣṭhatā | eṣā pradhānā daivī sāttvikī socyate | dānaṃ yathā-śakti saṃvibhāgo 'nnādīnām | damaś ca bāhya-karaṇānām upaśamaḥ | antaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaṃ śāntiṃ vakṣyati | yajñaś ca śrauto 'gnihotrādiḥ | smārtaś ca deva-yajñādiḥ | svādhyāya ṛg-vedādyadhyayanam adṛṣṭārtham | tapo vakṣyamāṇaṃ śārīrādi | ārjavam ṛjutvaṃ sarvadā ||
16.8
kiṃ ca -
16.9
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhas tyāgaḥ śāntir apaiśunam |
dayā bhūteṣv aloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīr acāpalam ||
16.10
ahiṃsāhiṃsanaṃ prāṇināṃ pīḍā-varjanam | satyam apriyānṛta-varjitaṃ yathā-bhūtārtha-vacanam | akrodhaḥ parair ākruṣṭasyābhihatasya vā prāptasya krodhasya upaśamanam | tyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ, pūrvaṃ dānasyoktatvāt | śāntir antaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | apaiśunam apiśunatā | parasmai para-randhra-prakaṭī-karaṇaṃ paiśunam, tad-abhāvo 'paiśunam | dayā kṛpā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣu | aloluptvam indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-saṃnidhāv avikriyā | mārdavaṃ mṛdutākrauryam | hrīr lajjā | acāpalam asati prayojane vāk-pāṇi-pādādīnām avyāpārayitṛtvam ||
16.12
kiṃ ca -
16.13
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucam adroho nātimānitā |
bhavanti saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijātasya bhārata ||
16.14
tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ na tvag-gatā dīptiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāntar-vikriyānutpattiḥ | utpannāyāṃ vikriyāyām praaśamanam akrodha ity avocāma | itthaṃ kṣamāyā akrodhasya ca viśeṣaḥ | dhṛtir dehendriyeṣv avasādaṃ prāpteṣu tasya pratiṣedhako 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni dehaś ca nāvasīdanti | śaucaṃ dvi-vidhaṃ mṛj-jala-kṛtaṃ bāhyam ābhyantaraṃ ca mano-buddhayor nairmalyaṃ māyā-rāgādi-kāluṣyābhāvaḥ | evaṃ dvi-vidhaṃ śaucam | adrohaḥ para-jighāṃsābhāvo 'hiṃsanam | nātimānitā atyarthaṃ māno 'timānaḥ, sa yasya vidyate so 'timānī | tad-bhāvo 'timānitā | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā ātmanaḥ pūjyatātiśaya-bhāvanābhāva ity arthaḥ | bhavanty abhayādīni etad-antāni saṃpadam abhijātasya | kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ saṃpadam
? daivīṃ devānāṃ yā saṃpat tām abhilakṣya jātasya deva-vibhūty-arhasya bhāvi-kalyāṇasyety arthaḥ | he bhārata ! ||
16.16
athedānīṃ āsurī saṃpad ucyate -
16.17
dambho darpo 'timānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca |
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha saṃpadam āsurīm ||
16.18
dambho dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo vidyā-dhana-svajanādi-nimitta utsekaḥ | atimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ | krodhaś ca | pāruṣyam eva ca paruṣa-vacanam | yathā kāṇam cakṣuṣmān, virūpaṃ rūpavān, hīnābhijanam uttamābhijana ity ādi | ajñānaṃ cāviveka-jñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-mithyā-pratyayaḥ | abhijātasya pārtha | kim-abhijātasyety āha - saṃpadam āsurīm asurāṇāṃ saṃpat āsurī tām abhijātasya ity arthaḥ ||
16.20
anayoḥ saṃpadoḥ kāryam ucyate -
16.21
daivī saṃpad vimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā |
mā śucaḥ saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'si pāṇḍava ||
16.22
daivī saṃpat yā sā vimokṣāya saṃsāra-bandhanāt | nibandhāya niyato bandho nibandhas tad-artham āsurī saṃpat matā abhipretā | tathā rākṣasī ca | tatraivam ukte saty ar junasyāntar-gataṃ bhāvam kim aham āsura-saṃpad-yuktaḥ ? kiṃ vā daiva-saṃpad-yuktaḥ ? ity evam ālocanā-rūpam ālakṣya āha bhagavān - mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'sy abhilakṣya jāto 'si | bhāvi-kalyāṇas tvam asīty arthaḥ | he pāṇḍāva ||
16.24
dvau bhūta-sargau loke 'smin daiva āsura eva ca |
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṃ pārtha me śṛṇu ||
16.25
dvau dvi-saṃkhyākau bhūta-sargau bhūtānāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ sargau sṛṣṭī bhūta-sargau sṛjyeteti sargau bhūtāny eva sṛjyamānāni daivāsura-saṃpad-dvaya-yuktānīti dvau bhūta-sargāv ity ucyate | dvayā ha vai prājāpatyā devāś cāsurā ca [BAU 1.3.1] iti śruteḥ | loke 'smin, saṃsāra ity arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ dvaividhyopapatteḥ | kau tau bhūta-sargau ? ity ucyate - prakṛtāv eva daiva āsura eva ca | uktayor eva punar anuvāde prayojanam āha - daivo bhūta-sargo 'bhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādinā vistaraśo vistara-prakāraiḥ proktaḥ kathitaḥ, na tu āsuro vistaraśaḥ | atas tat-parivarjanārtham āsuraṃ pārtha me mama vacanād ucyamānaṃ vistaraśaḥ sṛṇu avadhāraya ||
16.27
ā adhyāya-parisamāpter āsurī saṃpat prāṇi-viśeṣaṇatvena pradarśyate, pratyakṣī-karaṇena ca śakyate tasyāḥ parivarjanaṃ kartum iti -
16.28
pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na vidur āsurāḥ |
na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate ||
16.29
pravṛttiṃ ca pravartanaṃ yasmin puruṣārtha-sādhane kartavye pravṛttis tām, nivṛttiṃ ca etad-viparītāṃ yasmāt anartha-hetoḥ nivartitavyaṃ sā nivṛttis tāṃ ca, janā āsurā na vidur na jānanti | na kevalaṃ pravṛtti-nivṛttī eva te na viduḥ, na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate | aśaucā anācārā māyāvino 'nṛta-vādino hy āsurāḥ ||
16.31
kiṃ ca -
asatyam apratiṣṭhaṃ te jagad āhur anīśvaram |
aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kim anyat kāma-haitukam ||
16.32
asatyaṃ yathā vayam anṛta-prāyās tathedaṃ jagat sarvam asatyam | apratiṣṭhaṃ ca nāsya dharmādharmau pratiṣṭhāto 'pratiṣṭhaṃ ceti | te āsurāḥ janāḥ jagad āhur anīśvaram na ca dharmādharma-sa-vyapekṣako 'sya śāsiteśvaro vidyata ity ato 'nīśvaraṃ jagad āhuḥ | kiṃ ca, aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kāma-prayuktayoḥ strī-puruṣayor anyonya-saṃyogāj jagat sarvaṃ saṃbhūtam | kim anyat kāma-haitukam | kāma-hetukam eva kāma-haitukam | kim anyaj jagataḥ kāraṇam ? na kiṃcit adṛṣṭaṃ dharmādharmādi kāraṇāntaraṃ vidyate | jagataḥ kāma eva prāṇināṃ kāraṇam iti lokāyatika-dṛṣṭir iyam ||
16.34
etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmāno 'lpa-buddhayaḥ |
prabhavanty ugra-karmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagato 'hitāḥ ||
16.35
etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya āśritya naṣṭatmāno naṣṭa-svabhāvā vibhraṣṭa-para-loka-sādhanā alpa-buddhayo viṣaya-viṣayālpaiva buddhir yeṣāṃ te 'lpa-buddhayaḥ prabhavanti udbhavanti ugra-karmāṇaḥ krūra-karmāṇo hiṃsātmakāḥ | kṣayāya jagataḥ prabhavantīti saṃbandhaḥ || jagato 'hitāḥ śatravaḥ ity arthaḥ ||
16.37
te ca -
16.38
kāmam āśritya duṣpūraṃ dambha-māna-madānvitāḥ |
mohād gṛhītvāsad-grāhān pravartante 'śucivratāḥ ||
16.39
kāmam icchā-viśeṣam āśritya avaṣṭabhya duṣpūram aśakya-pūraṇaṃ dambha-māna-madānvitā dambhaś ca mānaś ca madaś ca dambha-māna-madās tair anvitāḥ dambha-māna-madānvitā mohād avivekato gṛhītvā upādāya asad-grāhān aśubha-niścayān pravartante loke aśuci-vratāḥ aśucīni vratāni yeṣāṃ te 'śuci-vratāḥ ||
16.41
kiṃ ca -
cintām aparimeyāṃ ca pralayāntām upāśritāḥ |
kāmopabhoga-paramā etāvad iti niścitāḥ ||
16.42
cintām aparimeyāṃ ca, na parimātuṃ śakyate yasyāś cintāyā iyattā sāparimeyā, tām aparimeyām, pralayāntāṃ maraṇāntām upāśritāḥ, sadā cintā-parā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ, kāmyante iti kāmā viṣayāḥ śabdādayas tad-upabhoga-paramā ayam eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho yaḥ kāmopabhoga ity evaṃ niścitātmānaḥ | etāvat iti niścitāḥ ||
16.44
āśā-pāśa-śatair baddhāḥ kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ |
īhante kāma-bhogārtham anyāyenārtha-saṃcayān ||
16.45
āśā-pāśa-śatair āśaiva pāśās tac-chatair baddhāḥ niyantritāḥ santaḥ sarvata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ, kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yeṣāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ | īhante ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ kāma-bhoga-prayojanāya na dharmārtham | anyāyena para-svāpaharaṇādinety arthaḥ | kim ? artha-saṃcayān artha-pracayān ||
16.47
īdṛśaś ca teṣām abhiprāyaḥ -
16.48
idam adya mayā labdham idaṃ prāpsye manoratham |
idam astīdam api me bhaviṣyati punar dhanam ||
16.49
idaṃ dravyam adya idānīṃ mayā labdham | idaṃ cānyat prāpsye manorathaṃ manas-tuṣṭi-karam | idaṃ cāstīdam api me bhaviṣyati āgāmini saṃvatsare punar dhanaṃ tenāhaṃ dhanī vikhyāto bhaviṣyāmīti ||
16.51
asau mayā hataḥ śatrur haniṣye cāparān api |
īśvaro 'ham ahaṃ bhogī siddho 'haṃ balavān sukhī ||
16.52
asau devadattanāmā mayā hato durjayaḥ śatruḥ | haniṣye cāparān anyān varākān api | kim ete kariṣyanti tapasvinaḥ | sarvathāpi nāsti mattulyaḥ | katham ? īśvaro 'ham, ahaṃ bhogī | sarva-prakāreṇaś ca siddho 'haṃ saṃpannaḥ putraiḥ naptṛbhiḥ, na kevalaṃ mānuṣaḥ, balavān sukhī cāham eva | anye tu bhūmibhārāyāvitīrṇāḥ ||
16.54
āḍhyo 'bhijanavān asmi ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśo mayā |
yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ ||
16.55
āḍhaḍḥ dhanena, abhijanavān saptapuruṣaṃ śrotriyatvādisaṃpannaḥ - tenāpi na mama tulyo 'sti kaścit | ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśas tulyaḥ mayā ? kiṃ ca, yakṣye yāgenāpy anyān abhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi naṭādibhyaḥ, modiṣye harṣaṃ cātiśayaṃ prāpsyāmi, iti evam ajñānavimohitāḥ ajñānena vimohitāḥ vividham avivekabhāvam āpannāḥ ||
16.57
aneka-citta-vibhrāntā moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ |
prasaktāḥ kāma-bhogeṣu patanti narake 'śucau ||
16.58
aneka-citta-vibhrāntā ukta-prakārair anekaiś cittaiḥ vividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ aneka-citta-vibhrāntāḥ, mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ moho 'viveko 'jñānaṃ tad eva jālamiva āvaraṇātmakatvāt, tena samāvṛtāḥ | prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu tatraiva niṣaṇṇāḥ santas tena upacita-kalmaṣāḥ patanti narake 'śucau vaitaraṇyādau ||
16.60
ātma-saṃbhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhana-māna-madānvitāḥ |
yajante nāma-yajñais te dambhenāvidhi-pūrvakam ||
16.61
ātmasaṃbhāvittāḥ sarvaguṇaviśiṣṭatayā ātmanaiva saṃbhāvitāḥ ātmasaṃbhāvitāḥ, na sādhubhiḥ | stabdhāḥ apraṇatātmānaḥ | dhanamānamadānvitāḥ dhananimittaḥ mānaḥ madaś ca, tābhyāṃ dhanamānamadābhyām anvitāḥ | yajante nāmayajñaiḥ nāmamātrair yajñais te dambhena dharmadhvajitayāvidhipūrvakaṃ vidhivihitāṅgetikartavyatārahitam ||
16.62
ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ ca saṃśritāḥ |
mām ātma-para-deheṣu pradviṣanto 'bhyasūyakāḥ ||
16.63
ahaṃkāram ahaṃkaraṇam ahaṃkāraḥ | vidyamānair avidyamānaiś ca guṇair ātmany adhyāropitair viśiṣṭam ātmānam aham iti manyate, so 'haṃkāro 'vidyākhyaḥ kaṣṭatamaḥ sarva-doṣāṇāṃ mūlaṃ sarvānartha-pravṛttīnāṃ ca, tam | tathā balaṃ parābhibhava-nimittaṃ kāma-rāgānvitam | darpaṃ darpo nāma yasya udbhave dharmam atikrāmati so 'yam antaḥkaraṇāśrayo doṣa-viśeṣaḥ | kāmaṃ stry-ādi-viṣayam | krodham aniṣṭa-viṣayam | etān anyāṃś ca mahato doṣān saṃśritāḥ | kiṃ ca te mām īśvaram ātma-para-deheṣu sva-dehe para-deheṣu ca tad-buddhi-karma-sākṣi-bhūtaṃ māṃ pradviṣantaḥ, mac-chāsanātivartitvaṃ pradveṣaḥ, taṃ kurvanto 'bhyasūyakāḥ san-mārga-sthānāṃ guṇeṣu asahamānāḥ ||
16.65
tān ahaṃ dviṣataḥ krūrān saṃsāreṣu narādhamān |
kṣipāmy ajasram aśubhān āsurīṣv eva yoniṣu ||
16.66
tān ahaṃ sanmārgapratipakṣabhūtān sādhudveṣiṇo dviṣataś ca māṃ krūrān saṃsāreṣu evānekanarakasaṃsaraṇamārgeṣu narādhamān adharmadoṣavattvāt kṣipāmi prakṣipāmy ajasraṃ saṃtatam aśubhān aśubhakarmakāriṇaḥ āsurīṣveva krūra-karma-prāyāsu vyāghraṆsahādiyoniṣu kṣipāmītyanena saṃbandhaḥ ||
16.68
āsurīṃ yonim āpannā mūḍhā janmani janmani |
mām aprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yānty adhamāṃ gatim ||
16.69
āsurīṃ yonim āpannāḥ pratipannāḥ mūḍhāḥ avivekino janmani janmani pratijanma tamobahulāsveva yoniṣu jāyamānāḥ adho gacchanto mūḍhāḥ mām īśvaram aprāpyānāsādya eva he kaunteya, tatas tasmādapi yānty adhamāṃ gatiṃ nikṛṣṭatamāṃ gatim | mām aprāpyaiveti na mat-prāptau kācid api āśaṅkāsti, ataḥ macchiṣṭasādhumārgam aprāpya ity arthaḥ ||
16.71
sarvasyā āsuryāḥ saṃpadaḥ saṃkṣepo 'yam ucyate, yasmin trividhe sarvaḥ āsurīsaṃpadbhedo 'nanto 'py antarbhavati | yatparihāreṇa parihṛtaś ca bhavati, yat mūlaṃ sarvasyānarthasya, tat etad ucyate -
16.72
tri-vidhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ |
kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhas tasmād etat trayaṃ tyajet ||
16.73
trividhaṃ triprakāraṃ narakasya prāptāv idaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ, yat dvāraṃ praviśanneva naśyati ātmā | kasmaicit puruṣārthāya yogyo na bhavatītyetat, atar ucyate dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ iti | kiṃ tat ? kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhaḥ | tasmāt etat trayaṃ tyajet | yataḥ etat dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanas tasmāt kāmāditrayametat tyajet ||
16.75
tyāga-stutir iyam -
16.76
etair vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tribhir naraḥ |
ācaraty ātmanaḥ śreyas tato yāti parāṃ gatim ||
16.77
etaiḥ vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tamaso narakasya duḥkha-mohātmakasya dvārāṇi kāmādayas taiḥ, etais tribhiḥ vimukto nara ācaraty anutiṣṭhati | kim ? ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ | yat-pratibaddhaḥ pūrvaṃ nācacāra, tad-apagamād ācarati | tatas tad-ācaraṇāt yāti parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam apīti ||
16.79
sarvasya etasya āsurī-saṃpat-parivarjanasya śreya-ācaraṇasya ca śāstraṃ kāraṇam | śāstra-pramāṇād ubhayaṃ śakyaṃ kartum, nānyathā | ataḥ -
16.80
yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāma-kārataḥ |
na sa siddhim avāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim ||
16.81
yaḥ śāstra-vidhiṃ śāstraṃ vedas tasya vidhiṃ kartavyākartavya-jñāna-kāraṇaṃ vidhi-pratiṣedhākhyam utsṛjya tyaktvā vartate kāma-kārataḥ kāma-prayuktaḥ san, na sa siddhiṃ puruṣārtha-yogyatām avāpnoti, nāpy asmin loke sukhaṃ nāpi parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ svargaṃ mokṣaṃ vā ||
16.83
tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te kāryākārya-vyavasthitau |
jñātvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ karma kartum ihārhasi ||
16.84
tasmāt śāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ jñāna-sādhanaṃ te tava kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kartavyākartavya-vyavasthāyām | ato jñātvā buddhvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ -- vidhir vidhānaṃ śāstram eva vidhānaṃ śāstra-vidhānaṃ kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-lakṣaṇam, tena uktaṃ sva-karma yat tat kartum ihārhasi | iheti karmādhikāra-bhūmi-pradarśanārtham iti ||
16.85
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
ṣoḍāśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
Linked texts (1)
- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit