Bhagavadgita 3

Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) 3

Language: Sanskrit

śāstrasya pravṛtti-nivṛtti-viṣaya-bhūte dve buddhī bhagavatā nirdiṣṭe, sāṅkhye buddhir yoge buddhir iti ca | tatra prajahāti yadā kāmān ity ārabhya ā adhyāya-parisamāpteḥ sāṅkhya-buddhy-āśritānāṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kartavyam uktvā teṣāṃ tan-niṣṭhatayaiva ca kṛtārthatā uktā eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ iti | arjunāya ca karmaṇy evādhikāras te, mā saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi iti karma eva kartavyam uktavān yoga-buddhim āśritya, na tata eva śreyaḥ-prāptim uktavān | tad etad ālakṣya paryākulībhūta-buddhir arjuna uvāca - kathaṃ bhaktāya śreyo 'rthine yat sākṣāt śreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ sāṅkhya-buddhi-niṣṭhāṃ śrāvayitvā māṃ karmaṇi dṛṣṭānekānartha-yukte pāramparyeṇāpi anaikāntika-śreyaḥ-prāpti-phale niyuñjyād iti yuktaḥ paryākulībhāvo 'rjunasya | tad-anurūpa-praśnaḥ jyāyasī
cet ity ādiḥ | praśnāpākaraṇa-vākyaṃ ca bhagavatā uktaṃ yathokta-vibhāga-viṣaye śāstre |

3.4

kecit tu arjunasya praśnārtham anyathā kalpayitvā tat-pratikūlaṃ bhagavataḥ prativacanaṃ varṇayanti | yathā ca ātmanā sambandha-granthe gītārtho nirūpitas tat-pratikūlaṃ ceha punaḥ praśna-prativacanayor arthaṃ nirūpayanti | kathaṃ ? tatra sambandha-granthe tāvat sarveṣām āśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo gītā-śāstre nirūpito 'rtha ity uktam | punaḥ viśeṣitaṃ ca yāvaj-jīva-śruti-coditāni karmāṇi parityajya kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaḥ prāpyata ity etad ekāntenaiva pratiṣiddham iti |

3.5

iha tv āśrama-vikalpaṃ darśayatā yāvaj-jīva-śruti-coditānām eva karmaṇāṃ parityāga uktaḥ | tat katham īdṛśaṃ viruddham artham arjunāya brūyād bhagavān, śrotā vā kathaṃ viruddham artham avadhārayet | tatraitat syād gṛhasthānām eva śrauta-karma-parityāgena kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate na tv āśramāntarāṇām iti |

3.6

etad api pūrvottar-viruddham eva | kathaṃ, sarvāśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo gītā-śāstre niścito 'rtha iti pratijñāya iha kathaṃ tad-viruddhaṃ kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaṃ brūyād āśramāntarāṇām |

3.7

atha mataṃ śrauta-karmāpekṣayaitad-vacanaṃ kevalād eva jñānāt śrauta-karma-rahitād gṛhasthānāṃ mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate iti | tatra gṛhasthānāṃ vidyamānam api smārtaṃ karmāvidyamānavad upekṣya jñānād eva kevalān na mokṣa ity ucyata iti | etad api viruddham | katham ? gṛhasthasyaiva smārta-karmaṇā samuccitād jñānān mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate na tu āśramāntarāṇām iti kathaṃ vivekibhiḥ śakyam avadhārayitum |

3.8

kiṃ ca, yadi mokṣa-sādhanatvena smārtāni karmāṇi ūrdhva-retasāṃ samuccīyante tathā gṛhasthasyāpi iṣyatāṃ smārtair eva samuccayo na śrautaiḥ |

3.9

atha śrautaiḥ smārtaiś ca gṛhasthasyaiva samuccayo mokṣāya ūrdhva-retasāṃ tu smārta-karma-mātra-samuccitāj jñānān mokṣa iti | tatraivaṃ sati gṛhasthasyāyāsa-bāhulyaṃ śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca bahu-duḥkha-rūpaṃ karma śirasi aropitaṃ syāt |

3.10

atha gṛhasthasyaivāyāsa-bāhulya-kāraṇān mokṣaḥ syān nāśramāntarāṇāṃ śrauta-nitya-karma-rahitatvād iti | tad apy asat | sarvopaniṣatsu itihāsa-purāṇa-yoga-śāstre ca jñānāṅgatvena mumukṣoḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānād āśrama-vikalpa-samuccaya-vidhānāc ca śruti-smṛtyoḥ |

3.11

siddhas tarhi sarvāśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayaḥ ? na, mumukṣoḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānāt | vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti [BAU 3.5.1], tasmāt saṃnyāsam eṣāṃ tapasām atiriktam āhuḥ [NāU 2.79], nyāsa evātyarecayet [NāU 2.78], iti | na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaike 'mṛtatvam ānaśuḥ [NāU 2.12] iti ca | brahmacaryād eva pravrajet [JāvāU 4] ity ādyāḥ śrutayaḥ |

3.12

tyaja dharmam adharmaṃ ca ubhe satyānṛte tyaja |
ubhe satyānṛte tyaktvā yena tyajasi tat tyaja ||

3.13

saṃsāram eva niḥsāraṃ dṛṣṭvā sāra-didṛkṣayā |
pravrajanty akṛtodvāhāḥ paraṃ vairāgyam āśritāḥ || iti bṛhaspatir api kacaṃ prati |

3.14

karmaṇā badhyate jantur vidyayā ca vimucyate |
tasmāt karma na kurvanti yatayaḥ pāra-darśinaḥ || [Mbh 12.241.7] iti śukānuśāsanam |

3.15

ihāpi sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya ity ādi | mokṣasya cākāryatvān mumukṣoḥ karmānarthakyam | nityāni pratyavāya-parihārārtham anuṣṭheyāni iti cet, na | asaṃnyāsi-viṣayatvāt pratyavāya-prāpteḥ | na hi agnikāryādy-akaraṇāt saṃnyāsinaḥ pratyavāyaḥ kalpayituṃ śakyo yathā brahmacāriṇām asaṃnyāsinām api karmiṇām | na tavan nityānāṃ karmaṇām abhāvād eva bhāva-rūpasya pratyavāyasya utpattiḥ kalpayituṃ śakyā katham asataḥ sajjāyate [ChāU 6.2.2] iti asataḥ sajjanmāsambhava-śruteḥ |

3.16

yadi vihitākaraṇād asambhāvyam api pratyavāyaṃ brūyād vedas tadā anartha-karo vedaḥ apramāṇam ity uktaṃ syāt | vihitasya karaṇākaraṇayoḥ duḥkha-mātra-phalatvāt | tathā ca kārakaṃ śāstraṃ na jñāpakam iti anupapannārthaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | na caitad iṣṭam | tasmān na saṃnyāsināṃ karmāṇi ato jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayānupapattiḥ | jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir iti | arjunasya praśnānupapatteś ca |

3.17

yadi hi bhagavatā dvitīye adhyāye jñānaṃ karma ca samuccayena tvayānuṣṭheyam ity uktaṃ syāt tato 'rjunasya praśno 'nupapanno jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana iti | arjunāya ced buddhi-karmaṇī tvayānuṣṭheye iti ukte yā karmaṇo jyāyasī buddhiḥ sā apy uktā eveti tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava iti praśno na kathaṃcana upapadyate |

3.18

na cārjunasyaiva jyāyasī buddhir nānuṣṭheyeti bhagavatoktaṃ pūrvam iti kalpayituṃ yuktam, yena jyāyasī ced iti praśnaḥ syāt | yadi punar ekasya puruṣasya jñāna-karmaṇor virodhād yugapad anuṣṭhānaṃ na sambhavatīti bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvaṃ bhagavatā pūrvam uktaṃ syāt tato 'yaṃ praśna upapannaḥ jyāyasī ced ity ādiḥ |

3.19

avivekataḥ praśna-kalpanāyām api bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvena bhagavataḥ prativacanaṃ nopapadyate | na cājñāna-nimittaṃ bhagavat-prativacanaṃ kalpyam | asmāc ca bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvena jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor bhagavataḥ prativacana-darśanāt, jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayānupapattiḥ | tasmāt kevalād eva jñānān mokṣa ity eṣo 'rtho niścito gītāsu sarvopaniṣatsu ca | jñāna-karmaṇor ekaṃ vada niścitya iti ca eka-viṣayaiva prārthanānupapannobhayoḥ samuccaya-sambhave |

3.20

kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvam iti ca jñāna-niṣṭhā-sambhavam arjunasyāvadhāraṇena darśayiṣyati |

3.21

arjuna uvāca
jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana |
tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava ||

3.22

jyāyasī śreyasī cet yadi karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt te tava matā abhipretā buddhir jñānam | he janārdana ! yadi buddhi-karmaṇī samuccite iṣṭe tadaikaṃ śreyaḥ-sādhanam iti karmaṇo jyāyasī buddhir iti karmaṇo 'tirikta-karaṇaṃ buddher anupapannam arjunena kṛtaṃ syāt | na hi tad eva tasmāt phalato 'tiriktaṃ syāt | tathā ca, karmaṇaḥ śreyaskarī bhagavatoktā buddhiḥ | aśreyaskaraṃ ca karma kurv iti māṃ pratipādayati, tat kiṃ nu kāraṇam iti bhagavata upālambham iva kurvan tat kiṃ kasmāt karmaṇi ghore krūre hiṃsā-lakṣaṇe māṃ niyojayasi keśava iti ca yad āha, tac ca nopapadyate | atha smārtenaiva karmaṇā samuccayaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhagavatokto 'rjunena cāvadhārita cet, tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi ity ādi kathaṃ yuktaṃ vacanam ||

3.24

kiṃ ca -

3.25

vyāmiśreṇeva vākyena buddhiṃ mohayasīva me |
tad ekaṃ vada niścitya yena śreyo 'ham āpnuyām ||

3.26

vyāmiśreṇeva, yadyapi vivaktābhidhāyī bhagavān, tathāpi mama manda-buddher vyāmiśram iva bhagavad-vākyaṃ pratibhāti | tena mama buddhiṃ mohayasīva, mama buddhi-vyāmohāpanayāya hi pravṛttas tvaṃ tu kathaṃ mohayasi ? ataḥ bravīmi | buddhiṃ mohayasi iva me mama iti | tvaṃ tu bhinna-kartṛkayoḥ jñāna-karmaṇor eka-puruṣānuṣṭhānāsaṃbhavaṃ yadi manyase, tatraivaṃ sati tat tayor ekaṃ buddhiṃ karma vā idam evārjunasya yogyaṃ buddhi-śakty-avasthānurūpam iti niścitya vada brūhi, yena jñānena karmaṇā vā anyatareṇa śreyo 'ham āpnuyāṃ prāpnuyām |

3.27

yadi hi karma-niṣṭhāyāṃ guṇa-bhūtam api jñānaṃ bhagavatoktaṃ syāt | tat kathaṃ tayor ekaṃ vada ity eka-viṣayaivārjunasya śuśrūṣā syāt | na hi bhagavatā pūrvam uktam anyatarad eva jñāna-karmaṇoḥ vakṣyāmi, naiva dvayam iti, yena ubhaya-prāpty-asaṃbhavam ātmano manyamāna ekam eva prārthayet ||

3.29

praśnānurūpam eva prativacanaṃ -

3.30

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha |
jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām ||

3.31

loke 'smin śāstrārthānuṣṭhānādhikṛtānāṃ traivarṇikānāṃ dvi-vidhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā sthitiḥ anuṣṭheya-tātparyaṃ purā pūrvaṃ sargādau prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā tāsām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-prāpti-sādhanaṃ vedārtha-saṃpradāyam āviṣkurvatā proktā mayā sarvajñena īśvareṇa he anaghāpāpa | tatra kā sā dvividhā niṣṭhā ity āha - tatra jñāna-yogena jñānam eva yogas tena sāṃkhyānām ātmānātma-viṣaya-viveka-vijñānavatāṃ brahmacaryāśramād eva kṛta-saṃnyāsānāṃ vedānta-vijñāna-suniścitārthānāṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ brahmaṇy evāvasthitānāṃ niṣṭhā proktā | karma-yogena karma eva yogaḥ karma-yogas tena karma-yogena yogināṃ karmiṇāṃ niṣṭhā proktā ity arthaḥ |

3.32

yadi caikena puruṣeṇa ekasmai puruṣārthāya jñānaṃ karma ca samuccityānuṣṭheyaṃ bhagavatā iṣṭam uktaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ vā gītāsu vedeṣu coktam, katham ihārjunāya upasannāya priyāya viśiṣṭābhinna-puruṣa-kartṛke eva jñāna-karma-niṣṭhe brūyāt ? yadi punar arjuno jñānaṃ karma ca dvayaṃ śrutvā svayam evānuṣṭhāsyati anyeṣāṃ tu bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatāṃ vakṣyāmi iti mataṃ bhagavataḥ kalpyeta, tadā rāga-dveṣavān apramāṇa-bhūto bhagavān kalpitaḥ syāt | tac cāyuktam | tasmāt kayāpi yuktyā na samuccayo jñāna-karmaṇoḥ ||

3.33

yad arjunenoktaṃ karmaṇo jyāyastvaṃ buddhes tac ca sthitam anirākaraṇāt | tasyāś ca jñāna-niṣṭhāyāḥ saṃnyāsinām evānuṣṭheyatvam , bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatva-vacanāt | bhagavata evam evānumatam iti gamyate ||

3.35

māṃ ca bandha-kāraṇe karmaṇy eva niyojayasi iti viṣaṇṇa-manasam arjunam karma nārabhe ity evaṃ manvānam ālakṣya āha bhagavān - na karmaṇāman ārambhād iti | athavā - jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayoḥ paraspara-virodhād ekena puruṣeṇa yugapad anuṣṭhātum aśakyatve sati itaretarānapekṣayor eva puruṣārtha-hetutve prāpte karma-niṣṭhāyā jñāna-niṣṭhā-prāpti-hetutvena puruṣārtha-hetutvam, na svātantryeṇa | jñāna-niṣṭhā tu karma-niṣṭhopāya-labdhātmikā satī svātantryeṇa puruṣārtha-hetuḥ anyānapekṣā, ity etam arthaṃ pradarśayiṣyan āha bhagavān -

3.36

na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute |
na ca saṃnyasanād eva siddhiṃ samadhigacchati ||

3.37

na karmaṇā kriyāṇāṃ yajñādīnām iha janmani janmāntare vā anuṣṭhitānām upātta-durita-kṣaya-hetutvena sattva-śuddhi-kāraṇānāṃ tat-kāraṇatvena ca jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa jñāna-niṣṭhā-hetūnām,

3.38

jñānam utpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ |
yathādarśatala-prakhye paśyaty ātmānam ātmani || [Mbh 12 208.8] ity ādi smaraṇāt |

3.39

anārambhād ananuṣṭhānāt naiṣkarmyaṃ niṣkarma-bhāvaṃ karma-śūnyatāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ niṣkriyātma-svarūpeṇaivāvasthānam iti yāvat | puruṣo nāśnute na prāpnotīty arthaḥ |
karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ nāśnuta iti vacanāt tad-viparyayāt teṣām ārambhān naiṣkarmyam aśnuta iti gamyate | kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ nāśnute iti ? ucyate, karmārambhasyaiva naiṣkarmyopāyatvāt | na hy upāyam antareṇa upeya-prāptir asti | karma-yogopāyatvaṃ ca naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇasya jñāna-yogasya, śrutau iha ca pratipādanāt | śrutau tāvat prakṛtasyātma-lokasya vedyasya vedanopāyatvena tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena [BAU 4.4.22] ity ādinā karma-yogasya jñāna-yogopāyatvaṃ pratipāditam | ihāpi ca - saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ [kraītā 5.6], yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātmaśuddhaye [kraītā 5.11], yajño dānaṃ tapaś caiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām [kraītā 18.5] ity ādi pratipādayiṣyati
|

3.40

nanu cābhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā naiṣkarmyam ācaret ity ādau kartavya-karma-saṃnyāsād api naiṣkarmya-prāptiṃ darśayati | loke ca karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyam iti prasiddhataram | ataś ca naiṣkarmyārthinaḥ kiṃ karmārambheṇa ? iti prāptam | ata āha- na ca saṃnyasanād eveti | nāpi saṃnyasanād eva kevalāt karma-parityāga-mātrād eva jñāna-rahitāt siddhiṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ samadhigacchati na prāpnoti ||

3.42

kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt karma-saṃnyāsa-mātrād eva kevalāt jñāna-rahitāt siddhiṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ puruṣo nādhigacchati iti hetv-ākāṅkṣāyām āha -

3.43

na hi kaścit kṣaṇam api jātu tiṣṭhaty akarmakṛt |
kāryate hy avaśaḥ karma sarvaḥ prakṛtijair guṇaiḥ ||

3.44

na hi yasmāt kṣaṇam api kālaṃ jātu kadācit kaścit tiṣṭhaty akarma-kṛt san | kasmāt ? kāryate pravartyate hi yasmād avaśa evāsvatantra eva karma sarvaḥ prāṇī prakṛti-jaiḥ prakṛtito jātaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ guṇaiḥ | ajña iti vākya-śeṣaḥ, yato vakṣyati guṇair yo na vicālyate iti | sāṃkhyānāṃ pṛthak-karaṇāt ajñānām eva hi karma-yogaḥ, na jñāninām | jñānināṃ tu guṇair acālyamānānāṃ svataś calanābhāvāt karma-yogo nopapadyate | tathā ca vyākhyātam vedāvināśinam [kraītā 2.21] ity atra ||

3.46

yat tv anātmajñaḥ coditaṃ karma nārabhate iti tad asad evety āha -

3.47

karmendriyāṇi saṃyamya ya āste manasā smaran |
indriyārthān vimūḍhātmā mithyācāraḥ sa ucyate ||

3.48

karmendriyāṇi hastādīni saṃyamya saṃhṛtya ya āste tiṣṭhati manasā smaran cintayan indriyārthān viṣayān vimūḍhātmā vimūḍhāntaḥ-araṇo mithyācāro mṛṣācāraḥ pāpācāraḥ sa ucyate ||

3.50

yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate 'rjuna |
karmendriyaiḥ karma-yogam asaktaḥ sa viśiṣyate ||

3.51

yas tu punaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛto 'jñaḥ buddhīndriyāṇi manasā niyamya ārabhate arjuna karmendriyaiḥ vāk-pāṇy-ādibhiḥ | kim ārabhate ity āha-karma-yogam asaktaḥ san phalābhisandhi-varjitaḥ sa viśiṣyate itarasmāt mithyācārāt ||

3.53

yataḥ evam ataḥ-

3.54

niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karma jyāyo hy akarmaṇaḥ |
śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇaḥ ||

3.55

niyataṃ nityaṃ śāstropadiṣṭam | yo yasmin karmaṇy adhikṛtaḥ phalāya cāśrutaṃ tan niyataṃ karma, tat kuru tvaṃ he arjuna ! yataḥ karma jyāyo 'dhikataraṃ phalataḥ | hi yasmād akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt anārambhāt | katham ? śarīra-yātrā śarīra-sthitir api ca te tava na prasidhyet prasiddhiṃ na gacchet akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt | ato dṛṣṭaḥ karmākarmaṇor viśeṣo loke ||

3.57

yac ca manyase bandhārthatvāt karma na kartavyam iti tad apy asat | katham ?

3.58

yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra loko 'yaṃ karma-bandhanaḥ |
tad arthaṃ karma kaunteya muktasaṅgaḥ samācara ||

3.59

yajño vai viṣṇuḥ [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruter yajña īśvaraḥ | tad-arthaṃ yat kriyate tat yajñārthaṃ karma | tasmāt karmaṇo 'nyatrānyena karmaṇā loko 'yam adhikṛtaḥ karma-kṛt karma-bandhanaḥ [Taitt.Bhā. 3.1.6] karma bandhanaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ karma-bandhano lokaḥ, na tu yajñārthāt | atas tad-arthaṃ yajñārthaṃ karma kaunteya, mukta-saṅgaḥ karma-phala-saṅga-varjitaḥ san samācāra nirvartaya ||

3.61

itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyam -

3.62

saha-yajñāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā purovāca prajāpatiḥ |
anena prasaviṣyadhvam eṣa vo 'stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||

3.63

saha-yajñāḥ yajña-sahitāḥ prajās trayo varṇās tāḥ sṛṣṭvotpādya purā pūrvaṃ sargādāv uvāca uktavān prajāpatiḥ prajānāṃ srāṣṭā | anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir utpattis tāṃ kurudhvam | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam astu bhavatu iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhipretān kāmān phala-viśeṣān dogdhīti iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||

3.64

katham ?

3.65

devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vaḥ |
parasparaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ param avāpsyatha ||

3.66

devān indrādīn bhāvayata vardhayatānena yajñena | te devā bhāvayantu āpyāyayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinā vo yuṣmān | evaṃ parasparam anyonyaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ paraṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ vijñāna-prāpti-krameṇāvāpsyatha | svargaṃ vā paraṃ śreyo 'vāpsyatha ||

3.68

kiṃ ca -

3.69

iṣṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajña-bhāvitāḥ |
tair dattān apradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ ||

3.70

iṣṭān abhipretān bhogān hi vo yuṣmabhyaṃ devā dāsyante vitariṣyanti | strī-paśu-putrādīn yajña-bhāvitā yajñair vardhitās toṣitā ity arthaḥ | tair devair dattān bhogān apradāyādattvā, ānṛṇyam akṛtvety arthaḥ | ebhyo devebhyaḥ | yo bhuṅkte sva-dehendriyāṇy eva tarpayati stena eva taskara eva sa devādi-svāpahārī ||

3.72

ye punaḥ-

3.73

yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ |
bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpā ye pacanty ātma-kāraṇāt ||

3.74

deva-yajñādīn nirvartya tac-chiṣṭam aśanam amṛtākhyam aśituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ sarva-pāpaiś cully-ādi-pañca-sūnākṛtaiḥ pramāda-kṛta-hiṃsādi-janitaiś cānyaiḥ | ye tv ātmaṃbharayo bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpaṃ svayam api pāpā ye pacanti pākaṃ nirvartayanti ātma-kāraṇāt ātma-hetoḥ ||

3.76

itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyam | jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetur hi karma | katham ? ity ucyate -

3.77

annād bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād anna-saṃbhavaḥ |
yajñād bhavati parjanyo yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ ||

3.78

annād bhuktāl lohita-retaḥ-pariṇatāt pratyakṣaṃ bhavanti jāyante bhūtāni | parjanyād vṛṣṭer annasya saṃbhavo 'nna-saṃbhavaḥ | yajñād bhavati parjanyaḥ |

3.79

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |
ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || [Manu 3.76] iti smṛteḥ |

3.80

yajño 'pūrvam | sa ca yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ | ṛtvig-yajamānayoś ca vyāpāraḥ karma, tad-samudbhavo yasya yajñasyāpūrvasya sa yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ ||

3.82

tac caivaṃvidhaṃ karma kuto jātam ity āha -

3.83

karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi brahmākṣara-samudbhavam |
tasmāt sarva-gataṃ brahma nityaṃ yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ||

3.84

karma brahmodbhavaṃ | brahma vedaḥ | sa udbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ prakāśako yasya tat karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi vijānīhi | brahma punaḥ vedākhyam akṣara-samudbhavam akṣaraṃ brahma paramātmā samudbhavo yasya tat akṣara-samudbhavam | brahma veda ity arthaḥ | yasmāt sākṣāt paramātmākhyād akṣarāt puruṣa-niḥśvāsavat samudbhūtaṃ brahma tasmāt sarvārtha-prakāśakatvāt sarva-gatam | sarva-gatam api sat nityaṃ sadā yajña-vidhi-pradhānatvāt yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ||

3.86

evaṃ pravartitaṃ cakraṃ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ |
aghāyur indriyārāmo moghaṃ pārtha sa jīvati ||

3.87

evam ittham īśvareṇa veda-yajña-pūrvakaṃ jagac-cakraṃ pravartitaṃ nānuvartayatīha loke yaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtaḥ sann aghāyur aghaṃ pāpam āyur jīvanaṃ yasya so 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvana iti yāvat | indriyārāmaḥ indriyair ārāmaḥ āramaṇam ākrīḍā viṣayeṣu yasya sa indriyārāmo moghaṃ vṛthā he pārtha, sa jīvati | tasmād ajñenādhikṛtena kartavyam eva karmeti prakaraṇārthaḥ | prāg ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-yogyatā-prāptes tādarthyena karma-yogānuṣṭhānam adhikṛtenānātmajñena kartavyam evety etan na karmaṇām anārambhād [Gītā 3.4] ity ata ārabhya śarīra-yātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇa [Gītā 3.8] ity evam antena pratipādya, yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra [Gītā 3.9] ity ādinā moghaṃ pārtha sa jīvati ity evam antenāpi granthena prāsaṅgikam adhikṛtasyānātmavidaḥ karmānuṣṭhāne
bahu kāraṇam uktam | tad-akaraṇe ca doṣa-saṃkīrtanaṃ kṛtam ||

3.89

evaṃ sthite kim evaṃ pravartitaṃ caktraṃ sarveṇānuvartanīyam ? āho svit pūrvokta-karma-yogānuṣṭhānopāya-prāpyām anātma-vidā jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhām ātma-vidbhiḥ sāṃkhyair anuṣṭheyām aprāptenaiva ? ity evam artham arjunasya praśnam āśaṅkaya svayam eva vā śāstrārthasya viveka-pratipatty-artham etaṃ vai tam ātmānaṃ viditvā nivṛtta-mithyā-jñānāḥ santo brāhmaṇā mithyā-jñānavadbhyo 'vaśyaṃ kartavyebhyaḥ putraiṣaṇādibhyo vyutthāyātha bhikṣā-caryaṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayuktaṃ caranti | na teṣām ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-vyatirekeṇānyat kāryam asti [BAU 3.5.1] ity evaṃ śruty-artham iha gītā-śāstre pratipipādayiṣitam āviṣkurvann āha bhagavān -

3.90

yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ |
ātmany eva ca saṃtuṣṭas tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate ||

3.91

yas tu sāṃkhya ātma-jñāna-niṣṭha ātma-ratiḥ ātmany eva ratir na viṣayeṣu yasya sa ātma-ratir eva syād bhaved ātma-tṛptaś cātmanaiva tṛpto nānna-rasādinā sa mānavo manuṣyaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ | santoṣo hi bāhyārtha-lābhe sarvasya bhavati, tam anapekṣya ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ sarvato vīta-tṛṣṇa ity etat | ya īdṛśaḥ ātma-vit tasya kāryaṃ karaṇīyaṃ na vidyate nāstīty arthaḥ ||

3.93

kiṃ ca -

3.94

naiva tasya kṛtenārtho nākṛteneha kaścana |
na cāsya sarva-bhūteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ ||

3.95

naiva tasya paramātma-rateḥ kṛtena karmaṇārthaḥ prayojanam asti | astu tarhy akṛtenākaraṇena pratyavāyākhyo 'narthaḥ | nākṛteneha loke kaścana kaścid api pratyavāya-prāpti-rūpaḥ ātma-hāni-lakṣaṇo vā naivāsti | na cāsya sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu bhūteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ prayojana-nimitta-kriyā-sādhyo vyapāśrayaḥ | vyapāśrayaṇam ālambanaṃ kaṃcit bhūta-viśeṣam āśritya na sādhyaḥ kaścid artho 'sti, yena tad-arthā kriyā anuṣṭheyā syāt | na tvam etasmin sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye samyag-darśane vartase ||

3.97

yataḥ evam -

3.98

tasmād asaktaḥ satataṃ kāryaṃ karma samācara |
asakto hy ācaran karma param āpnoti pūruṣaḥ ||

3.99

tasmāt asaktaḥ saṅgavarjitaḥ satataṃ sarvadā kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ nityaṃ karma samācara nirvartaya | asakto hi yasmāt samācaran īśvarārthaṃ karma kurvan paraṃ mokṣam āpnoti pūruṣaḥ sattvaśuddhidvāreṇa ity arthaḥ ||

3.101

yasmāc ca -

3.102

karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ |
loka-saṃgraham evāpi saṃpaśyan kartum arhasi ||

3.103

karmaṇaiva hi yasmāt pūrve kṣatriyāḥ vidvāṃsaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mokṣaṃ gantum āsthitāḥ pravṛttāḥ | ke ? janakādayaḥ janakā vapatiprabhṛtayaḥ | yadi te prāptasamyagdarśanāḥ, tataḥ lokasaṃgrahārthaṃ prārabdhakarmatvāt karmaṇā sahaivāsaṃnyasyaiva karma saṃsiddhimāsthitā ity arthaḥ | athāprāptasamyagadarśanāḥ janakādayaḥ, tadā karmaṇā sattvaśuddhisādhanabhūtena ktrameṇa saṃsiddhimāsthitā iti vyākhyeyaḥ lokaḥ | atha manyase pūrverapi janakādibhiḥ ajānadbhireva kartavyaṃ karma kṛtam | tāvatā nāvaśyamanyena kartavyaṃ samyagdarśanavatā kṛtātheneti | tathāpi prārabdhakarmāyattaḥ tvaṃ lokasaṃgraham evāpi lokasya unmārgapravṛttinivāraṇaṃ lokasaṃgrahaḥ, tamevāpi prayojanaṃ saṃpaśyan kartum arhasi ||

3.105

loka-saṃgrahaḥ kim arthaṃ kartavya ity ucyate -

3.106

yad yad ācarati śreṣṭhas tat tad evetaro janaḥ |
sa yat pramāṇaṃ kurute lokas tad anuvartate ||

3.107

yadyat karma ācarati karoti śreṣṭhaḥ pradhānaḥ tattadeva karma ācarati itaro 'nyaḥ janaḥ tadanugataḥ | kiṃ ca saḥ śreṣṭhaḥ yat pramāṇaṃ kurute laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā lokaḥ tat anuvartate tadeva pramāṇīkaroti ity arthaḥ ||

3.109

yady atra te loka-saṃgraha-kartavyatāyāṃ vipratipattis tarhi māṃ kiṃ na paśyasi ?

3.110

na me pārthāsti kartavyaṃ triṣu lokeṣu kiṃcana |
nānavāptam avāptavyaṃ vartaiva ca karmaṇi ||

3.111

na me mama pārtha nāsti na vidyate kartavyaṃ triṣv api lokeṣu kiṃcana kiṃcid api | kasmāt ? nānavāptam aprāptam avāptavyaṃ prāpaṇīyam | tathāpi varta eva ca karmaṇy aham ||

3.113

yadi hy ahaṃ na varteyaṃ jātu karmaṇy atandritaḥ |
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ||

3.114

yadi hi punar ahaṃ na varteya jātu kadācit karmaṇy atandrito 'nalasaḥ san mama śreṣṭhasya sato vatrma mārgam anuvartante manuṣyāḥ | he pārtha ! sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||

3.116

utsīdeyur ime lokā na kuryāṃ karma ced aham |
saṃkarasya ca kartā syām upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ ||

3.117

utsīdeyur vinaśyeyur ime sarve lokāḥ loka-sthiti-nimittasya karmaṇo 'bhāvāt na kuryāṃ karma ced aham | kiṃ ca, saṃkarasya ca kartā syām | tena kāraṇena upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ | prajānām anugrahāya pravṛtta upahatim upahananaṃ kuryām ity arthaḥ | mama īśvarasyānanurūpam āpadyate ||

3.119

yadi punar aham iva tvaṃ kṛtārtha-buddhiḥ, ātmavid anyo vā, tasyāpi ātmanaḥ kartavyābhāve 'pi parānugraha eva kartavya ity āha -

3.120

saktāḥ karmaṇy avidvāṃso yathā kurvanti bhārata |
kuryād vidvāṃs tathāsaktaś cikīrṣur loka-saṃgraham ||

3.121

saktāḥ karmaṇy asya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ mama bhaviṣyatīti kecid avidvāṃso yathā kurvanti bhārata, kuryād vidvān ātmavit tathāsaktaḥ san | tadvat kim arthaṃ karoti ? tat sṛṇu - cikīrṣuḥ kartum icchuḥ loka-saṃgraham ||

3.123

evaṃ loka-saṃgrahaṃ cikīrṣer na mamātma-vidaḥ kartavyam asti anyasya vā loka-saṃgrahaṃ muktvā | tatas tasya ātma-vidaḥ idam upadiśyate -

3.124

na buddhi-bhedaṃ janayed ajñānāṃ karma-saṅginām |
joṣayet sarva-karmāṇi vidvān yuktaḥ samācaran ||

3.125

buddhi-bhedo buddhi-bhedo mayā idaṃ kartavyaṃ bhoktavyaṃ cāsya karmaṇaḥ phalam iti niścaya-rūpāyā buddher bhedanaṃ cālanaṃ buddhi-bhedas taṃ na janayen notpādayed ajñānām avivekināṃ karma-saṅgināṃ karmaṇy āsaktānāṃ āsaṅgavatām | kiṃ nu kuryāt ? joṣayet kārayet sarva-karmāṇi vidvān svayaṃ tad evāviduṣāṃ karma yukto 'bhiyuktaḥ samācaran ||

3.127

avidvān ajñaḥ kathaṃ karmasu sajjate ? ity āha -

3.128

prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ |
ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate ||

3.129

prakṛteḥ prakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ guṇānāṃ sāmyāvasthā | tasyāḥ prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ vikāraiḥ kārya-karaṇa-rūpaiḥ kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi laukikāni śāstrīyāṇi ca sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātma-pratyayo 'haṃkāras tena vividhaṃ nānāvidhaṃ mūḍha ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ kārya-karaṇa-dharmā kārya-karaṇābhimānī avidyayā karmāṇi ātmani manyamānaḥ tat-tat-karmaṇām ahaṃ karteti manyate ||

3.131

yaḥ punar vidvān -

3.132

tattvavit tu mahābāho guṇa-karma-vibhāgayoḥ |
guṇā guṇeṣu vartanta iti matvā na sajjate ||

3.133

tattvavit tu mahābāho | kasya tattvavit ? guṇakarmavibhāgayoḥ guṇavibhāgasya karmavibhāgasya ca tattvavit ity arthaḥ | guṇāḥ karaṇātmakāḥ guṇeṣu viṣayātmakeṣu vartante na ātmā iti matvā na sajjate saktiṃ na karoti ||

3.135

ye punaḥ -

3.136

prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhāḥ sajjante guṇa-karmasu |
tān akṛtsna-vido mandān kṛtsnavin na vicālayet ||

3.137

prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ samyak mūḍhāḥ saṃmohitāḥ santaḥ sajjante guṇānāṃ karmasu guṇa-karmasu vayaṃ karma kurmaḥ phalāya iti | tān karma-saṅgino 'kṛtsna-vidaḥ karma-phala-mātra-darśino mandān manda-prajñān kṛtsna-vit ātma-vit svayaṃ na vicālayet buddhi-bheda-karaṇam eva cālanaṃ tan na kuryāt ity arthaḥ ||

3.139

kathaṃ punaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtenājñena mumukṣuṇā karma kartavyam iti, ucyate --

3.140

mayi sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasyādhyātma-cetasā |
nirāśīr nirmamo bhūtvā yudhyasva vigata-jvaraḥ ||

3.141

mayi vāsudeve parameśvare sarvajñe sarvātmani sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya nikṣipyādhyātma-cetasā viveka-buddhyā, ahaṃ kartā īśvarāya bhṛtyavat karomi ity anayā buddhyā | kiṃ ca, nirāśīs tyaktāśīḥ nirmamo mama-bhāvaś ca nirgato yasya tava sa tvaṃ nirmamo bhūtvā yudhyasva vigata-jvaro vigata-santāpo vigata-śokaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||

3.143

yad etan mama mataṃ karma kartavyam iti sa-pramāṇam uktaṃ tat tathā -

3.144

ye me matam idaṃ nityam anutiṣṭhanti mānavāḥ |
śraddhāvanto 'nasūyanto mucyante te 'pi karmabhiḥ ||

3.145

ye me madīyam idaṃ mataṃ nityam anutiṣṭhanti anuvartante mānavā manuṣyāḥ śraddhāvantaḥ śraddadhānā anasūyanto 'sūyāṃ ca mayi parama-gurau vāsudeve 'kurvanto, mucyante te 'py evaṃbhūtāḥ karmabhir dharmādharmākhyaiḥ ||

3.147

ye tv etad abhyasūyanto nānutiṣṭhanti me matam |
sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhāṃs tān viddhi naṣṭān acetasaḥ ||

3.148

ye tu tad-viparītā etan mama matam abhyasūyanto nindanto nānutiṣṭhanti nānuvartante me matam | sarveṣu jñāneṣu vividhaṃ mūḍhās te | sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhāṃs tān viddhi jānīhi naṣṭān nāśaṃ gatān acetaso 'vivekinaḥ ||

3.150

kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt tvadīyaṃ mataṃ nānutiṣṭhantaḥ para-dharmān anutiṣṭhanti ? sva-dharmaṃ ca nānuvartante ? tvat-pratikūlāḥ kathaṃ na bibhyati tvac-chāsanātikrama-doṣāt ? tatrāha -

3.151

sadṛśaṃ ceṣṭate svasyāḥ prakṛter jñānavān api |
prakṛtiṃ yānti bhūtāni nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ||

3.152

sadṛśam anurūpaṃ ceṣṭate ceṣṭāṃ karoti | kasyāḥ ? svasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ | prakṛtir nāma pūrva-kṛta-dharmādharmādi-saṃskārā vartamāna-janmādāv abhivyaktāḥ | sā prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sadṛśam eva sarvo jantur jñānavān api ceṣṭate, kiṃ punar mūrkhaḥ ? tasmāt prakṛtiṃ yānty anugacchanti bhūtāni prāṇinaḥ | nigraho niṣedha-rūpaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati mama vānyasya vā ? durnigrahā prakṛtir iti vākya-śeṣaḥ ||

3.154

yadi sarvo jantur ātmanaḥ prakṛti-sadṛśam eva ceṣṭate, na ca prakṛti-śūnyaḥ kaścid asti, tataḥ puruṣakārasya viṣayānupapatteḥ śāstrānarthakya-prāptāv idam ucyate -

3.155

indriyasyendriyasyārthe rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitau |
tayor na vaśam āgacchet tau hy asya paripanthinau ||

3.156

indriyasyendriyasyārthe sarvendriyāṇām arthe śabdādi-viṣaye iṣṭe rāgo 'niṣṭe dveṣa ity evaṃ pratīndriyārthaṃ rāgadveṣāv avaśyaṃbhāvinau tatrāyaṃ puruṣakārasya śāstrārthasya ca viṣaya ucyate | śāstrārthe pravṛttaḥ pūrvam eva rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | yā hi puruṣasya prakṛtiḥ sā rāga-dveṣa-puraḥsaraiva sva-kārye puruṣaṃ pravartayati | tadā svadharma-parityāgaḥ para-dharmānuṣṭhānaṃ ca bhavati | yadā punā rāga-dveṣau tat-pratipakṣeṇa niyamayati tadā śāstra-dṛṣṭir eva puruṣo bhavati, na prakṛti-vaśaḥ | tasmāt tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | yatas tau hy asya puruṣasya paripanthinau śreyo-mārgasya vighna-kartārau taskarāv iva pathīty arthaḥ ||

3.158

tatra rāga-dveṣa-prayukto manyate śāsrārtham apy anyathā para-dharmo 'pi dharmatvād anuṣṭheya eva iti, tad asat -

3.159

śreyān sva-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt |
sva-dharme nidhanaṃ śreyaḥ para-dharmo bhayāvahaḥ ||

3.160

śreyān praśasyataraḥ svo dharmaḥ svadharmo viguṇo 'pi vigata-guṇo 'pi anuṣṭhīyamānaḥ para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt sādguṇyena saṃpāditād api | sva-dharme sthitasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreyaḥ para-dharme sthitasya jīvitāt | kasmāt ? para-dharmaḥ bhayāvahaḥ narakādi-lakṣaṇaṃ bhayam āvahatīti yataḥ ||

3.162

yadyapi anartha-mūlam dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsa [Gītā 2.62] iti rāga-dveṣau hy asya paripanthinau [Gītā 3.34] iti coktam | vikṣiptam anavadhāritaṃ ca tad uktam | tat saṃkṣiptaṃ niścitaṃ ca idam eveti jñātum icchan arjuna uvāca jñāte hi tasmin tad-ucchedāya yatnaṃ kuryām iti arjuna uvāca-

3.163

atha kena prayukto 'yaṃ pāpaṃ carati pūruṣaḥ |
anicchann api vārṣṇeya balād iva niyojitaḥ ||

3.164

atha kena hetu-bhūtena prayuktaḥ san rājñeva bhṛtyo 'yaṃ pāpaṃ karma carati ācarati pūruṣaḥ puruṣaḥ svayam anicchann api he vārṣṇeya vṛṣṇi-kula-prasūta ! balād iva niyojito rājñevety ukto dṛṣṭāntaḥ ||

3.166

śṛṇu tvaṃ taṃ vairiṇaṃ sarvānartha-karaṃ yaṃ tvaṃ pṛcchasīti bhagavān uvāca -

3.167

kāma eṣa krodha eṣa rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ |
mahāśano mahā-pāpmā viddhy enam iha vairiṇam ||

3.168

aiśvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ |
vairāgyasyātha mokṣasya ṣaṇṇāṃ bhaga itīṅganā || [ViP 6.5.74]

3.169

ity aiśvaryādi-ṣaṭkaṃ yasmin vāsudeve nityam apratibaddhatvena sāmastyena ca vartate,

3.170

utpattiṃ pralayaṃ caiva bhūtānām āgatiṃ gatim |
vetti vidyām avidyāṃ ca sa vācyo bhagavān iti || [ViP 6.5.78]

3.171

utpatty-ādi-viṣayaṃ ca vijñānaṃ yasya sa vāsudevo vācyo bhagavān iti |

3.172

kāma iti | kāma eṣa sarva-loka-śatrur yan-nimittā sarvānartha-prāptiḥ prāṇinām | sa eṣa kāmaḥ pratihataḥ kenacit krodhatvena pariṇamate | ataḥ krodho 'py eṣa eva rajo-guṇa-samudbhavo rajaś ca tad-guṇaś ca rajo-guṇaḥ sa samudbhavo yasya sa kāmo rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ | rajo-guṇasya vā samudbhavaḥ | kāmo hy udbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ pravartayati | tṛṣṇayā hy ahaṃkārita iti duḥkhināṃ rajaḥ-kārye sevādau pravṛttānāṃ pralāpaḥ śrūyate | mahāśano mahad aśanaṃ asyeti mahāśanaḥ | ataeva mahā-pāpmā | kāmena hi prerito jantuḥ pāpaṃ karoti | ato viddhy enaṃ kāmam iha saṃsāre vairiṇam ||

3.174

kathaṃ vairī ? iti dṛṣṭāntaiḥ pratyāyayati -

3.175

dhūmenāvriyate vahnir yathādarśo malena ca |
yatholbenāvṛto garbhas tathā tenedam āvṛtam ||

3.176

dhūmena sahajenāvriyate vahniḥ prakāśātmako 'prakāśātmakena, yathā vā ādarśo malena ca, yatholbena ca jarāyuṇā garbha-veṣṭanena cāvṛta ācchādito garbhas tathā tenedam āvṛtam ||

3.178

kiṃ punas tad idaṃ-śabda-vācyaṃ yat kāmenāvṛtam ity ucyate -

3.179

āvṛtaṃ jñānam etena jñānino nitya-vairiṇā |
kāma-rūpeṇa kaunteya duṣpūreṇānalena ca ||

3.180

āvṛtam etena jñānaṃ jñānino nitya-vairiṇā, jñānī hi jānāty anenāham anarthe prayuktaḥ pūrvam eveti | duḥkhī ca bhavati nityam eva | ato 'sau jñānino nitya-vairī, na tu mūrkhasya | sa hi kāmaṃ tṛṣṇā-kāle mitram iva paśyan tat-kārye duḥkhe prāpte jānāti tṛṣṇayāhaṃ duḥkhitvam āpādita iti, na pūrvam eva | ato jñānina eva nitya-vairī | kiṃ-rūpeṇa ? kāma-rūpeṇa kāma icchaiva rūpam asyeti kāmarūpas tena duṣpūreṇa duḥkhena pūraṇam asyeti duṣpūras tenānalena nāsyālaṃ paryāptir vidyata ity analas tena ca ||

3.182

kim adhiṣṭhānaḥ punaḥ kāmo jñānasyāvaraṇatvena vairī sarvasya lokasya ? ity apekṣāyām āha, jñāte hi śatror adhiṣṭhāne sukhena nibarhaṇaṃ kartuṃ śakyata iti-

3.183

indriyāṇi mano buddhir asyādhiṣṭhānam ucyate |
etair vimohayaty eṣa jñānam āvṛtya dehinam ||

3.184

indriyāṇi mano buddhiś cāsya kāmasyādhiṣṭhānam āśraya ucyate | etair indriyādibhir āśrayair vimohayati vividhaṃ mohayaty eṣa kāmo jñānam āvṛtya ācchādya dehinaṃ śarīriṇam ||

3.186

yata evam -

3.187

tasmāt tvam indriyāṇy ādau niyamya bharatarṣabha |
pāpmānaṃ prajahi hy enaṃ jñāna-vijñāna-nāśanam ||

3.188

tasmāt tvam indriyāṇy ādau pūrvam eva niyamya vaśīkṛtya bharatarṣabha pāpmānaṃ pāpācāraṃ kāmaṃ prajahihi parityaja enaṃ prakṛtaṃ vairiṇaṃ jñāna-vijñāna-nāśanaṃ jñānaṃ śāstrata ācāryataś cātmādīnām avabodhaḥ | vijñānaṃ viśeṣatas tad-anubhavas tayor jñāna-vijñānayoḥ śreyaḥ-prāpti-hetvor nāśanaṃ nāśa-karaṃ prajahihi ātmanaḥ parityajety arthaḥ ||

3.190

indriyāṇy ādau niyamya kāmaṃ śatruṃ jahihi ity uktam | tatra kim āśrayaḥ kāmaṃ jahyāt ity ucyate --

3.191

indriyāṇi parāṇy āhur indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ |
manasas tu parā buddhir yo buddheḥ paratas tu saḥ ||

3.192

indriyāṇi śrotrādīni pañca | dehaṃ sthūlaṃ bāhyaṃ paricchinnaṃ cāpekṣya saukṣmyāntaratva-vyāpitvādy-apekṣayā parāṇi prakṛṣṭāny āhuḥ paṇḍitāḥ | tathā indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakam | tathā manasas tu parā buddhir niścayātmikā | tathā yaḥ sarva-dṛśyebhyo buddhy-antebhyo 'bhyantaro yaṃ dehinam indriyādibhir āśrayair yuktaḥ kāmo jñānāvaraṇa-dvāreṇa mohayatīty uktam | buddheḥ paratas tu sa | sa buddher draṣṭā | para ātmā ||

3.194

tataḥ kim --

3.195

evaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā saṃstabhyātmānam ātmanā |
jahi śatruṃ mahābāho kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadam ||

3.196

evaṃ buddheḥ param ātmānaṃ buddhvā jñātvā saṃstabhya samyak stambhanaṃ kṛtvātmānaṃ svenaivātmanā saṃskṛtena manasā samyak samādhāyety arthaḥ | jahy enaṃ śatruṃ he mahābāho ! kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsada āsādanaṃ prāptir yasya taṃ durāsadaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti ||

3.197

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
||3||

Linked texts (1)

Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit