Bhagavadgita 5

Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) 5

Language: Sanskrit

5.4

saṃnyāsaṃ karmaṇāṃ kṛṣṇa punar yogaṃ ca śaṃsasi |
yac chreya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam ||

saṃnyāsaṃ parityāgaṃ karmaṇāṃ āstrīyāṇām anuṣṭheya-viśeṣāṇām śaṃsasi praśaṃsasi kathayasīty etat | punar yogaṃ ca teṣām eva anuṣṭhānam avaśya-kartavyam śaṃsasi | ato me katarat śreyaḥ iti saṃśayaḥ - kiṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ śreyaḥ, kiṃ vā tad-dhānam iti | praśasyataraṃ cānuṣṭheyam | ataś ca yat śreyaḥ praśasyataram etayoḥ karma-saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor yad-anuṣṭhānāt śreyo 'vāptir mama syād iti manyase, tad ekam anyatarat saha eka-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvāsaṃbhavāt me brūhi suniścitam abhipretaṃ taveti ||

5.6

- o)O(o -

5.7

svābhiprāyam ācakṣāṇo nirṇayāya śrī-bhagavān uvāca -

5.8

saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhau |
tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate ||

5.9

saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇāṃ parityāgaḥ karma-yogaś ca teṣām anuṣṭhānaṃ tāv ubhāv api niḥśreyasa-karau mokṣaṃ kurvāte jñānotpatti-hetutvena | ubhau yadyapi niḥśreyasa-karau, tathāpi tayos tu niḥśreyasa-hetvoḥ karma-saṃnyāsāt kevalāt karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti karma-yogaṃ stauti ||

5.10

- o)O(o -

5.11

kasmāt iti āha -

5.12

jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī yo na dveṣṭi na kāṅkṣati |
nirdvandvo hi mahā-bāho sukhaṃ bandhāt pramucyate ||

5.13

jñeyo jñātavyaḥ sa karma-yogī nitya-saṃnyāsī iti yo na dveṣṭi kiṃcit na kāṅkṣati duḥkha-sukhe tat-sādhane ca | evaṃvidho yaḥ, karmaṇi vartamāno 'pi sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti jñātavya ity arthaḥ | nirdvandvo dvandva-varjito hi yasmāt mahābāho sukhaṃ bandhād anāyāsena pramucyate ||

5.14

- o)O(o -

5.15

saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyayor viruddhayoḥ phale 'pi virodho yuktaḥ | na tūbhayor niḥśreyasa-karatvam eveti prāpta idam ucyate -

5.16

sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ |
ekam apy āsthitaḥ samyag ubhayor vindate phalam ||

5.17

sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag viruddha-bhinna-phalau bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ | paṇḍitās tu jñānina ekaṃ phalam aviruddham icchanti | katham ? ekam api sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ samyag āsthitaḥ samyag anuṣṭhitavān ity arthaḥ, ubhayor vindate phalam | ubhayos tad eva hi niḥśreyasaṃ phalam | ato na phale virodho 'sti |

5.18

nanu saṃnyāsa-karma-yoga-śabdena prastutya sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ phalaikatvaṃ katham ihāprakṛtaṃ bravīti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ - yadyapy arjunena saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ ca kevalam abhipretya praśnaḥ kṛtaḥ | bhagavāṃs tu tad-aparityāgenaiva svābhipretaṃ ca viśeṣaṃ saṃyojya śabdāntara-vācyatayā prativacanaṃ dadau sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | tāv eva saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau jñāna-tad-upāya-sama-buddhitvādi-saṃyuktau sāṃkhya-yoga-śabda-vācyāv iti bhagavato matam | ato na aprakṛta-prakriyeti ||

5.19

- o)O(o -

5.20

ekasyāpi samyag anuṣṭhānāt katham ubhayoḥ phalaṃ vindate ? ity ucyate -

5.21

yat sāṃkhyaiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ tad yogair api gamyate |
ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati ||

5.22

yat sāṃkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ mokṣākhyam tad yogair api jñāna-prāpty-upāyatveneśvare samarpya karmāṇy ātmanaḥ phalam anabhisaṃdhāyānutiṣṭhanti ye te yogā yoginaḥ | tair api paramārtha-jñāna-saṃnyāsa-prāpti-dvāreṇa gamyata ity abhiprāyaḥ | ata ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati phalaikatvāt sa paśyati samyak paśyatīty arthaḥ ||

5.23

- o)O(o -

5.24

evaṃ tarhi yogāt saṃnyāsa eva viśiṣyate | kathaṃ tarhīdam uktam tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate [Gītā 5.2] iti ? sṛṇu tatra kāraṇam - tvayā pṛṣṭāṃ kevalaṃ karma-saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ cābhipretya tayor anyataraḥ kaḥ śreyān ? iti | tad-anurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ mayoktaṃ karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate iti jñānam anapekṣya | jñānāpekṣas tu saṃnyāsaḥ sāṃkhyam iti mayābhipretaḥ | paramārtha-yogaś ca sa eva | yas tu karma-yogo vaidikaḥ sa ca tādarthyāt yogaḥ saṃnyāsa iti copacaryate | kathaṃ tādarthyam ? ity ucyate -

5.25

saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ |
yoga-yukto munir brahma nacireṇādhigacchati ||

5.26

saṃnyāsas tu pāramārthiko duḥkham āptuṃ prāptum ayogato yogena vinā | yoga-yukto vaidikena karma-yogena vaidikena karma-yogeneśvara-samarpita-rūpeṇa phala-nirapekṣeṇa yukto muniḥ | mananād īśvara-svarūpasya muniḥ | brahma paramātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇatvāt prakṛtaḥ saṃnyāso brahmocyate | nyāsa iti brahmā brahmā hi paraḥ [MahānārU 78] iti śruteḥ | brahma paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ paramārtha-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ na cireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati prāpnoti | ato mayoktam karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti ||

5.27

- o)O(o -

5.28

yadā punar ayaṃ samyag-darśana-prāpty-upāyatvena -

5.29

yoga-yukto viśuddhātmā vijitātmā jitendriyaḥ |
sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā kurvann api na lipyate ||

5.30

yogena yukto yoga-yukto viśuddhātmā viśuddha-sattvo vijitātmā vijita-deho jitendriyaś ca sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā sarveṣāṃ brahmādīnāṃ stamba-paryantānāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā pratyak-cetano yasya sa sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā samyag-darśīty arthaḥ | sa tatraivaṃ vartamāno loka-saṃgrahāya karma kurvann api na lipyate na karmabhir badhyate ity arthaḥ ||

5.31

- o)O(o -

5.32

na cāsau paramārthataḥ karotīty ataḥ -

5.33

naiva kiṃ cit karomīti yukto manyeta tattva-vit |
paśyañ śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnan gacchan svapañ śvasan ||

5.34

pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇann unmiṣan nimiṣann api |
indriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan ||

5.35

yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san manyeta cintayet | tattvavid ātmano yāthātmyaṃ tattvaṃ vettīti tattva-vit paramārtha-darśīty arthaḥ | kadā kathaṃ vā tattvam avadhārayan manyeta ? ity ucyate | manyeteti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ | yasyaivaṃ tattva-vidaḥ sarva-kārya-karaṇa-ceṣṭāsu karmasv akarmaiva paśyataḥ samyag-darśinas tasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa evādhikāraḥ karmaṇo 'bhāva-darśanāt | na hi mṛga-tṛṣṇikāyām udaka-buddhyā pānāya pravṛtta udakābhāva-jñāne 'pi tatraiva pāna-prayojanāya pravartate ||

5.36

- o)O(o -

5.37

yas tu punar atattva-vit pravṛttaś ca karma-yoge -

5.38

brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ |
lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā ||

5.39

brahmaṇīśvara ādhāya nikṣipya tad-arthaṃ karma karomīti bhṛtya iva svāmy-arthaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi | mokṣe 'pi phale saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ sarva-karmāṇi, lipyate na sa pāpena na saṃbadhyate padma-patram ivāmbhasodakena ||

5.40

- o)O(o -

5.41

kevalaṃ sattva-śuddhi-mātram eva phalaṃ tasya karmaṇaḥ syāt, yasmāt -

5.42

kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api |
yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātma-śuddhaye ||

5.43

kāyena dehena manasā buddhyā ca kevalair mamatva-varjitaiḥ īśvarāyaiva karma karomi, na mama phalāya iti mamatva-buddhi-śūnyair indriyair api - kevala-śabdaḥ kāyādibhir api pratyekaṃ saṃbadhyate, sarva-vyāpāreṣu mamatā-varjanāya | yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phala-viṣayam ātma-śuddhaye sattva-śuddhaya ity arthaḥ | tasmāt tatraiva tavādhikāra iti kuru karmaiva ||

5.44

- o)O(o -

5.45

yasmāc ca -

5.46

yuktaḥ karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā śāntim āpnoti naiṣṭhikīm |
ayuktaḥ kāma-kāreṇa phale sakto nibadhyate ||

5.47

yukta īśvarāya karmaṇi karomi na mama phalāya ity evaṃ samāhitaḥ san karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya śāntiṃ mokṣākhyām āpnoti naiṣṭhikīṃ niṣṭhāyāṃ bhavāṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-jñāna-niṣṭhā-krameṇeti vākya-śeṣaḥ | yas tu punar ayukto 'samāhitaḥ kāma-kāreṇa | karaṇaṃ kāraḥ kāmasya kāraḥ kāma-kāraḥ | tena kāma-kāreṇa kāma-preritatayety arthaḥ | mama phalāya idaṃ karomi karma ity evaṃ phale sakto nibadhyate | atas tvaṃ yukto bhava ity arthaḥ ||

5.48

- o)O(o -

5.49

yas tu paramārtha-darśī saḥ -

5.50

sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī |
nava-dvāre pure dehī naiva kurvan na kārayan ||

5.51

sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarva-karmāṇi saṃnyasya parityajya nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca | tāni sarvāṇi karmāṇi manasā viveka-buddhyā, karmādāv akarma-sandarśanena saṃtyajyety arthaḥ | āste tiṣṭhati sukham | tyakta-vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-ceṣṭo nirāyāsaḥ prasanna-citta ātmano 'nyatra nivṛtta-sarva-bāhya-prayojana iti sukham āste ity ucyate | vaśī jitendriya ity arthaḥ | kva katham āste ? ity āha - nava-dvāre pure | sapta śīrṣāṇyāny ātmana upalabdhi-dvārāṇi, arvāk dve mūtra-purīṣa-visargārthe, tair dvārair nava-dvāraṃ puram ucyate śarīram puram iva puram | ātmaika-svāmikam, tad-artha-prayojanaiś ca indriya-mano-buddhi-viṣayair aneka-phala-vijñānasyotpādakaiḥ paurair ivādhiṣṭhitam | tasmin nava-dvāre pure dehī sarvaṃ karma saṃnyasyāste |

5.52

kiṃ viśeṣaṇena ? sarvo hi dehī saṃnyāsy asaṃnyāsī vā dehe evāste | tatrānarthakaṃ viśeṣaṇam iti | ucyate - yas tv ajño dehī dehendriya-saṃghāta-mātrātma-darśī sa sarvo 'pi gehe bhūmāv āsane vā ' 'sa iti manyate | na hi deha-mātrātma-darśino geha iva dehe āsa iti pratyayaḥ saṃbhavati | dehādi-saṃghāta-vyatiriktātma-darśinas tu dehe āse iti pratyaya upapadyate | para-karmaṇāṃ ca parasminn ātmany avidyayayādhyāropitānāṃ vidyayā viveka-jñānena manasā saṃnyāsa upapadyate | utpanna-viveka-jñānasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsino 'pi geha iva deha eva nava-dvāre pura āsanam | prārabdha-phala-karma-saṃskāra-śeṣānuvṛttyā deha eva viśeṣa-vijñānotpatteḥ | dehe evāsta ity asty eva viśeṣaṇa-phalam vidvad-avidvat-pratyaya-bhedāpekṣatvāt |

5.53

yadyapi kārya-karaṇa-karmāṇy avidyayātmany adhyāropitāni saṃnyasyāste ity uktam, tathāpi ātmasamavāyi tu kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca syāt ity āśaṅkyāha - naiva kurvan svayam na kārya-karaṇāni kārayan kriyāsu pravartayan | kiṃ ? yat tat kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca dehinaḥ svātma-samavāyi sat saṃnyāsān na saṃbhavati ? yathā gacchato gatir gamana-vyāpāra-parityāge na syāt tadvat ? kiṃ vā svata eva ātmano nāsti iti ? atrocyate - nāsty ātmanaḥ svataḥ kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca | uktaṃ hi -- avikāryo 'yam ucyate [Gītā 2.55], śarīra-stho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 3.26] iti | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti ca śruteḥ ||

5.54

- o)O(o -

5.55

kiṃ ca -

5.56

na kartṛtvaṃ na karmāṇi lokasya sṛjati prabhuḥ |
na karma-phala-saṃyogaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartate ||

5.57

na kartṛtvaṃ svataḥ kurv iti nāpi karmāṇi ratha-ghaṭa-prāsādādīnīpsitatamāni lokasya sṛjaty utpādayati prabhur ātmā | nāpi rathādi kṛtavatas tat-phalena saṃyogaṃ na karma-phala-saṃyogam | yadi kiṃcid api svato na karoti na kārayati ca dehī, kas tarhi kurvan kārayan ca pravartata iti, ucyate - svabhāvas tu svo bhāvaḥ svabhāvo 'vidyā-lakṣaṇā prakṛtir māyā pravartate daivī hi [Gītā 7.14] ity ādinā vakṣyamāṇā ||

5.58

- o)O(o -

5.59

paramārthatas tu -

5.60

nādatte kasya cit pāpaṃ na caiva sukṛtaṃ vibhuḥ |
ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ ||

5.61

nādatte na ca gṛhṇāti bhaktasyāpi kasyacit pāpam | na caivādatte sukṛtaṃ bhaktaiḥ prayuktaṃ vibhuḥ | kim-arthaṃ tarhi bhaktaiḥ pūjādi-lakṣaṇaṃ yāga-dāna-homādikaṃ ca sukṛtaṃ prayujyate ity āha - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ viveka-vijñānam, tena muhyanti karomi kārayāmi bhokṣye bhojayāmīty evaṃ mohaṃ gacchanty avivekinaḥ saṃsāriṇo jantavaḥ ||

5.62

- o)O(o -

5.63

jñānena tu tad ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ nāśitam ātmanaḥ |
teṣām ādityavaj jñānaṃ prakāśayati tatparam ||

5.64

jñānena tu yena ajñānena āvṛtāḥ muhyanti jantavas tat ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ jantūnāṃ viveka-jñānena ātma-viṣayeṇa nāśitam ātmano bhavati, teṣāṃ jantūnām ādityavat yathādityaḥ samastaṃ rūpa-jātam avabhāsayati tadvat jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu sarvaṃ prakāśayati tat paraṃ paramārtha-tattvam ||

5.65

- o)O(o -

5.66

yat paraṃ jñānaṃ prakāśitam -

5.67

tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānas tan-niṣṭhās tat-parāyaṇāḥ |
gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ ||

5.68

tasmin brahmaṇi gatā buddhir yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ, tad-ātmānas tad eva paraṃ brahma ātmā yeṣāṃ te tad-ātmanāḥ, tan-niṣṭhāḥ niṣṭhā abhiniveśas tātparyaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya tasmin brahmaṇy eva avasthānaṃ yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ, tat-parāyaṇā ca tad eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yeṣāṃ bhavati te tat-parāyaṇāḥ kevalātma-rataya ity arthaḥ | yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano 'jñānaṃ te gacchanti evaṃ-vidyāḥ apunar-āvṛttim apunar-deha-saṃbandhaṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yathoktena jñānena nirdhūto nāśitaḥ kalmaṣaḥ pāpādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-doṣo yeṣāṃ te jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yatayaḥ ity arthaḥ ||

5.69

- o)O(o -

5.70

yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano 'jñānaṃ te paṇḍitāḥ kathaṃ tattvaṃ payantīty ucyate -

5.71

vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne brāhmaṇe gavi hastini |
śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ ||

5.72

vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne vidyā ca vinayaś ca vidyā-vinayau, vinaya upāmaḥ, tābhyāṃ vidyā-vinayābhyāṃ saṃpanno vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanno vidvān vinītaś ca yo brāhmaṇas tasmin brāhmaṇe gavi hastini śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ | vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne uttama-saṃskāravati brāhmaṇe sāttvike, madhyamāyāṃ ca rājasyāṃ gavi, saṃskāra-hīnāyām atyantam eva kevala-tāmase hasty-ādau ca, sattvādi-guṇais taj-jaiś ca saṃskārais tathā rājasais tathā tāmasaiś ca saṃskārair atyantam evāspṛṣṭāṃ samam ekam avikriyaṃ tad brahma draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ ||

5.73

- o)O(o -

5.74

nanv abhojyānnās te doṣavantaḥ, samāsamābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjātaḥ [Gautama-dharma-sūtra 2.8.20] iti smṛteḥ | na te doṣavantaḥ | katham ? -

5.75

ihaiva tair jitaḥ sargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ |
nirdoṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma tasmād brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ ||

5.76

ihaiva jīvadbhireva taiḥ samadarśibhiḥ paṇḍitair jito vaīkṛtaḥ sargo janma, yeṣāṃ sāmye sarva-bhūteṣu brahmaṇi samabhāve sthitaṃ ni calībhūtaṃ mano 'ntaḥkaraṇam | nirdoṣaṃ yadyapi doṣavatsu vapākādiṣu mūḍhais taddoṣair doṣavat iva vibhāvyate, tathāpi taddoṣair aspṛṣṭām iti nirdoṣaṃ doṣavarjitaṃ hi yasmāt | nāpi svaguṇabhedabhinnam, nirguṇatvāt caitanyasya | vakṣyati ca bhagavān icchādīnāṃ kṣetradharmatvam, anāditvānnirguṇatvāt iti ca | nāpy antyā viśeṣāḥ ātmano bhedakāḥ santi, pratiśarīraṃ teṣāṃ sattve pramāṇānupapatteḥ | ataḥ samaṃ brahma ekaṃ ca | tasmāt brahmaṇi eva te sthitāḥ | tasmāt na doṣagandhamātramapi tān spṛati, dehādisaṃghātātma-darśanābhimānābhāvāt teṣām | dehādisaṃghātātma-darśanābhimānavadviṣayaṃ
tu tat sūtram samāsamābhyāṃ viṣamasame pūjātaḥ iti, pūjāviṣayatvena viśeṣaṇāt | dṛśyate hi brahmavit ṣaḍāṅgavit caturvedavit iti pūjādānādau guṇaviśeṣasaṃbandhaḥ kāraṇam | brahma tu sarvaguṇadoṣasaṃbandhavarjitamityatar brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ iti yuktam | karmaviṣayaṃ ca samāsamābhyām ity ādi | idaṃ tu sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaviṣayaṃ prastutam, sarva-karmāṇi manasā ityārabhya ādhyāyaparisamāpteḥ ||

5.77

- o)O(o -

5.78

yasmāt nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ brahmātmā, tasmāt -

5.79

na prahṛṣyet priyaṃ prāpya nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam |
sthira-buddhir asaṃmūḍho brahmavid brahmaṇi sthitaḥ ||

5.80

na prahṛṣeyet praharṣaṃ na kuryāt priyam iṣṭāṃ prāpya labdhvā | nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam aniṣṭāṃ labdhvā | deha-mātrātma-darśināṃ hi priyāpriya-prāptī harṣa-viṣādau kurvāte, na kevalātma-darśinaḥ, tasya priyāpriya-prāpty-asaṃbhavāt | kiṃ ca - sarva-bhūteṣv ekaḥ samo nirdoṣa ātmeti sthirā nirvicikitsā buddhir yasya sa sthira-buddhir asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmoha-varjitaś ca syāt yathokta-brahmavid brahmaṇi sthito 'karma-kṛt sarva-karma-saṃnyāsīty arthaḥ ||

5.81

- o)O(o -

5.82

kiṃ ca, brahmaṇi sthitaḥ -

5.83

bāhya-sparśeṣv asaktātmā vindaty ātmani yat sukham |
sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā sukham akṣayam aśnute ||

5.84

bāhya-sparśeṣu bāhyā ca te sparśāś ca bāhya-sparśāḥ | spṛśyante iti sparśāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās teṣu bāhya-sparśeṣu | asakta ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yam asaktātmā viṣayeṣu prīti-varjitaḥ san vindati labhate | ātmani yat sukhaṃ tad vindatīty etat | sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā brahmaṇi yogaḥ samādhir brahma-yogas tena brahma-yogena yuktaḥ samāhitas tasmin vyāpṛta ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā | sukham akṣayam aśnute vyāpnoti | tasmād bāhya-viṣaya-prīteḥ kṣaṇikāyā indriyāṇi nivartayed ātmany akṣaya-sukhārthīty arthaḥ ||

5.85

- o)O(o -
itaś ca nivartayet -

5.86

ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkha-yonaya eva te |
ādy-anta-vantaḥ kaunteya na teṣu ramate budhaḥ ||

5.87

ye hi yasmāt saṃssparśajā viṣayendriya-saṃsparśebhyo jātā bhogā bhuktayo duḥkha-yonaya eva te, avidyā-kṛtatvāt | dṛśyante hy ādhyātmikādīni duḥkhāni tan-nimittāny eva | yathā iha-loke tathā para-loke 'pīti gamyate eva-śabdāt | na saṃsāre sukhasya gandha-mātram apy astīti buddhvā viṣaya-mṛga-tṛṣṇikāyā indriyāṇi nivartayet | na kevalaṃ duḥkha-yonaya eva, ādy-anta-vantaś ca, ādir viṣayendriya-saṃyogo bhogānām antaś ca tad-viyoga eva | ataḥ ādy-anta-vanto 'nityāḥ, madhya-kṣaṇa-bhāvitvāt ity arthaḥ | kaunteya, na teṣu bhogeṣu ramate budho viveky avagata-paramārtha-tattvaḥ | atyanta-mūḍhānām eva hi viṣayeṣu ratir dṛśyate, yathā paśu-prabhṛtīnām ||

5.88

- o)O(o -

5.89

ayaṃ ca śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣī kaṣṭatamo doṣaḥ sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāraś ceti tat-parihāre yatnādhikyaṃ kartavyam ity āha bhagavān -

5.90

śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt |
kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ ||

5.91

śaknoty utsahata ihaiva jīvann eva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prasahituṃ prāk pūrvam śarīravimokṣaṇāt ā maraṇāt ity arthaḥ | maraṇa-sīmā-karaṇaṃ jīvato 'vayaṃbhāvi hi kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ, anantanimittavān hi saḥ iti yāvat maraṇaṃ tāvat na visrāmbhaṇīya ity arthaḥ | kāmaḥ indriyagocaraprāpte iṣṭo viṣaye śrūyamāṇe smaryamāṇe vā anubhūte sukhahetau yā gaṄdhas tṛṣṇā sa kāmaḥ | krodhaś cātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā yo dveṣaḥ sa krodhaḥ | tau kāma-krodhāv udbhavo yasya vegasya sa kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | romāñcana-prahṛṣṭa-netra-vadanādi-liṅgo 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaḥ kāmodbhavo vegaḥ | gātra-prakampa-prasveda-saṃdaṣṭauṣṭha-puṭa-rakta-netrādi-liṅgaḥ krodhodbhavo
vegaḥ | taṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ ya utsahate prasahate soḍhuṃ prasahitum, so yukto yogī sukhī ceha loke naraḥ ||

5.92

- o)O(o -

5.93

kathaṃ-bhūtaś ca brahmaṇi sthito brahma prāpnoti ? ity āha bhagavān -

5.94

yo 'ntaḥ-sukho 'ntarārāmas tathāntar-jyotir eva yaḥ |
sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma-bhūto 'dhigacchati ||

5.95

yo 'ntaḥ-sukho 'ntar ātmani sukhaṃ yasya so 'ntaḥ-sukhaḥ, tathāntar evātmany ārāma āramaṇam ākrīḍā yasya so 'ntar-ārāmaḥ | tathaivāntar eva ātmany eva jyotiḥ prakāśo yasya so 'ntar-jyotir eva, ya īdṛśaḥ so yogī brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahmaṇi nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam iha jīvann eva brahma-bhūtaḥ sann adhigacchati prāpnoti ||

5.96

- o)O(o -

5.97

kiṃ ca -

5.98

labhante brahma-nirvāṇam ṛṣayaḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ |
chinna-dvaidhā yatātmānaḥ sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ ||

5.99

labhante brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣam ṛṣayaḥ samyag-darśinaḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ kṣīṇa-pāpā nirdoṣāś chinna-dvaidhāḥ chinna-saṃśayā yatātmānaḥ saṃyatendriyāḥ sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite ānukūlye ratā ahiṃsakā ity arthaḥ ||

5.100

- o)O(o -

5.101

kiṃ ca -

5.102

kāma-krodha-viyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yata-cetasām |
abhito brahma-nirvāṇaṃ vartate viditātmanām ||

5.103

kāma-krodha-viyuktānāṃ kāmaś ca krodhaś ca kāma-krodhau tābhyāṃ viyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ yata-cetasāṃ saṃyatāntaḥ-karaṇānām abhita ubhayato jīvatāṃ mṛtānāṃ ca brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣo vartate viditātmanāṃ vidito jñāta ātmā yeṣāṃ te viditātmanāṃ teṣāṃ viditātmanāṃ samyag-darśinām ity arthaḥ ||

5.104

- o)O(o -
samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ sadyo-muktir uktā | karma-yogaś ca īśvarārpita-sarva-bhāveneśvare brahmaṇy ādhāya kriyamāṇaḥ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-krameṇa mokṣāya iti bhagavān pade pade 'bravīt, vakṣyati ca | athedānīṃ dhyāna-yogaṃ samyag-darśanasya antaraṅgaṃ vistareṇa vakṣyāmīti tasya sūtra-sthānīyān ślokān upadiśati sma -

5.105

sparśān kṛtvā bahir bāhyāṃś cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ |
prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau ||

5.106

yatendriya-mano-buddhir munir mokṣa-parāyaṇaḥ |
vigatecchā-bhaya-krodho yaḥ sadā mukta eva saḥ ||

5.107

sparśān śabdādīn kṛtvā bahir bāhyān śrotrādi-dvāreṇāntar-buddhau praveśitāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās tān acintayato śabdādayo bāhyā bahir eva kṛtā bhavanti | tān evaṃ bahiḥ kṛtvā cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ kṛtvety anuṣajyate | tathā prāṇāpānau nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau samau kṛtvā | yatendriya-mano-buddhir yatāni saṃyatānīndriyāṇi mano buddhiś ca yasya sa yatendriya-mano-buddhiḥ | mananāt muniḥ saṃnyāsī | mokṣa-parāyaṇa evaṃ deha-saṃsthānān mokṣa-parāyaṇo mokṣa eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yasya so 'yaṃ mokṣa-parāyaṇo munir bhavet | vigatecchā-bhaya-krodha icchā ca bhayaṃ ca krodhaś cecchā-bhaya-krodhās te vigatāḥ yasmāt sa vigatecchā-bhaya-krodhaḥ | ya evaṃ vartate sadā saṃnyāsī, mukta eva saḥ | na tasya mokṣo 'nyaḥ kartavyo 'sti ||

5.108

- o)O(o -

5.109

bhoktāraṃ yajña-tapasāṃ sarva-loka-maheśvaram |
suhṛdaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ jñātvā māṃ śāntim ṛcchati ||

5.110

evaṃ samāhita-cittena kiṃ vijñeyam ity ucyate | bhoktāraṃ yajña-tapasāṃ yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca kartṛ-rūpeṇa devatā-rūpeṇa ca, sarva-loka-maheśvaraṃ sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ suhṛdaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ pratyupakāra-nirapekṣatayā upakāriṇaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ hṛdayeśayaṃ sarva-karma-phalādhyakṣaṃ sarva-pratyaya-sākṣiṇaṃ māṃ nārāyaṇaṃ jñātvā śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāroparatim ṛcchati prāpnoti ||

5.111

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

Linked texts (1)

Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit