[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [General works and doxographies](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all) › [Sarvadarshanasangraha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha) › 11.27 # Sarvadarshanasangraha 11.27 Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha 11.27 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [11.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.11.27) nanu tattvajñānān niḥśresayaṃ bhavatīty uktam/ tatra kiṃ tattvajñānād anantaram eva niḥśresayaṃ saṃpadyate/ nety ucyate/ kiṃ tu tattvajñānād duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānām uttarottarāpāye tadanantarāpāyād apavarga iti/ tatra mithyājñānaṃ nāmānātmani dehādāv ātmabuddhiḥ/ tadanukūleṣu rāgaḥ/ tatpratikūleṣu dveṣaḥ/ vastutas tv ātmanaḥ pratikūlam anukūlaṃ vā na kiṃcid vastv asti/ parasparānubandhitvāc ca rāgādīnāṃ mūḍho rajyati rakto muhyati mūḍhaḥ kupyati kupito muhyatīti/ tatas tair doṣaiḥ preritaḥ prāṇī pratiṣiddhāni śarīreṇa hiṃsāsteyādīny ācarati/ vācā anṛtādīni/ manasā paradrohādīni/ seyaṃ pāparūpā pravṛttir adharmaḥ/ śarīreṇa praśastāni dānaparaparitrāṇādīni/ vācā hitasatyādīni/ manasā ajighāṃsādīni/ seyaṃ puṇyarūpā pravṛttir dharmaḥ/ seyam ubhayī pravṛttiḥ/ tataḥ svānurūpaṃ praśastaṃ ninditaṃ vā janma punaḥ śarīrādeḥ prādurbhāvaḥ/ tasmin sati pratikūlavedanīyatayā bādhanātmakaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhavati/ \[na hy apravṛttasya duḥkhaṃ pratyāpadyata iti kaścit prapadyate/\] ta ime mithyājñānādayo duḥkhāntā avicchedena pravartamānāḥ saṃsāraśabdārtho ghaṭīcakravan niravadhir anuvartate/ yadā kaścit puruṣadhaureyaḥ purākṛtasukṛtaparipākavaśād ācāryopadeśena sarvam idaṃ duḥkhāyatanaṃ duḥkhānuṣaktaṃ ca paśyati tadā tat sarvaṃ heyatvena budhyate/ tatas tannirvartakam avidyādi nivartayitum icchati/ tannivṛttyupāyaś ca tattvajñānam iti/ kasyacic catasṛbhir vibhaktaṃ prameyaṃ bhāvayataḥ samyagdarśanapadavedanīyatayā tattvajñānaṃ jāyate/ tattvajñānān mithyājñānam apaiti/ mithyājñānāpāye doṣā apayānti/ doṣāpāye pravṛttir apaiti/ pravṛttyapāye janmāpaiti/ janmāpāye duḥkham atyantaṃ nivartate/ sātyantikī duḥkhanivṛttir apavargaḥ/ nivṛtter ātyantikatvaṃ nāma nivartyasajātīyasya punas tatrānutpāda iti/ tathā ca pāramarṣaṃ sūtram — duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānām uttarottarāpāye tadanantarāpāyād apavargaḥ iti/ > But here an objector may say, "When you declare that final liberation arises from the knowledge of the truth, do you mean that liberation ensues immediately upon this knowledge being attained?" We reply, "No," for it is said in the second Nyāya aphorism, "Pain, birth, activity, faults, false notions,—on the successive annihilation of these in turn, there is the annihilation of the one next before it," by means of this knowledge of the truth. Now false notions are the thinking the body, &c., which are not the soul, to be the soul; "faults" are a desire for those things which seem agreeable to the soul, and a dislike to those things which seem disagreeable to it,\[10\] though in reality nothing is either agreeable or disagreeable to the soul. And through the mutual reaction of these different "faults" the stupid man desires and the desiring man is stupid; the stupid man is angry, and the angry man is stupid. Moreover the man, impelled by these faults, does those things which are forbidden: thus by the body he does injury, theft, &c.; by the voice, falsehood, &c.; by the mind, malevolence, &c.; and this same sinful "activity" produces demerit. Or, again, he may do laudable actions by his body, as alms, saving others, &c., truthful speaking, upright counsel, &c., by his voice, and guilelessness, &c., by his mind; and this same right activity produces merit. But both are forms of activity, and each leads to a similar laudable or blamable birth or bodily manifestation; and while this birth lasts there arises the impression of "pain," which we are conscious of as of something that jars against us. Now this series, beginning with "false notions" and ending with "pain," is continually going on, and is what we mean by the words "mundane existence," which rolls on ceaselessly, like a waterwheel. And whenever some pre-eminent man, by the force of his previous good deeds, obtains through the teaching of a great teacher the knowledge that all this present life is only a scene of pain and bound up with pain, he recognises that it is all to be avoided, and desires to abolish the ignorance, &c., which are the causes that produced it.\[11\] Then he learns that the one means to abolish it is the knowledge of the truth; and as he meditates on the objects of right knowledge divided into the four sciences,\[12\] there arises in his mind the knowledge of the truth, or, in other words, a right view of things as they are; and from this knowledge of the truth false notions disappear. When false notions disappear, the "faults" pass away; with them ceases "activity;" and with it ceases "birth;" and with the cessation of "birth" comes the entire abolition of "pain," and this absolute abolition is final bliss. Its absoluteness consists in this, that nothing similar to that which is thus abolished can ever revive, as is expressly said in the second aphorism of the Nyāya Sūtras: "Pain, birth, activity, faults, false notions,—since, on the successive annihilation of these in turn, there is the annihilation of the one next before it, there is \[on the annihilation of the last of them\] final beatitude." > — Edward Byles Cowell & Archibald Edward Gough 1882, The Sarva-darśana-saṃgraha, or Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy - [Previous: 11.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.11.26) - [Next: 11.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.11.28) - [Up: 11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.11) ## Translations (2) - [The Sarva-darśana-saṃgraha, or Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha~en-cowell.11.p8) — Edward Byles Cowell & Archibald Edward Gough 1882, English - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha~en-mt.11.27) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.11.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.11.27) · Pramāṇa