[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Heterodox schools](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika) › [Materialism](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka) › [Bārhaspatyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra) › [The Bārhaspatya sūtras — fragments](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments) › 1 # Aphorisms of Bṛhaspati 1: Sūtrāṇi Bārhaspatyasūtra (fragments) 1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### Sūtrāṇi ### [1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.1) athātas tattvaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ > Now, therefore, we shall explain reality. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Now, then, we shall explain the principles. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.2) pṛthivy āpas tejo vāyur iti tattvāni > Earth, water, fire, and wind: these are the principles. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Earth, water, fire and air are the principles. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.3) tatsamudāye śarīrendriyaviṣayasaṃjñāḥ > From their aggregation arise the designations of body, sense organs, and objects. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Their aggregate is called body, sense organ and object. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.4) tebhyaś caitanyam > Consciousness \[arises\] from them. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > From them, consciousness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.5) kiṇvādibhyo madaśaktivad vijñānam > Awareness \[arises\] like the intoxicating power from fermenting agents and the like. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Consciousness, like the power to intoxicate from yeast and the rest. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.6) caitanyaviśiṣṭaḥ kāyaḥ puruṣaḥ > The person is the body qualified by consciousness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > The person is the body qualified by consciousness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.7) kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārthaḥ > Pleasure is the sole end of man. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Pleasure alone is the aim of man. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.8) paralokino 'bhāvāt paralokābhāvaḥ > Because there is no one who experiences the other world, there is no other world. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > There is no other world, since there is no one to go to another world. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.9) jalabudbudavaj jīvāḥ > Living beings are like water bubbles. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Living beings are like bubbles on water. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1.10) pratyakṣam evaikaṃ pramāṇam > Perception alone is the means of valid cognition. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Perception is the only means of knowledge. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (2) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments~en-mt.1.1) — English, machine translation - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra~en-mt.1.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (21) - [Nyāyakumudacandra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.laghiyastraya!nyayakumudacandra.1.2.1.41.1) — Prabhācandra, Sanskrit - [Nyāyasudhā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra!anuvyakhyana!nyayasudha.1.41.15) — Jayatīrtha, Sanskrit - [Nyāyamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.1.827) — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Tattvopaplavasiṃha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.tattvopaplavasimha.p9999) — Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Pramāṇavārttikālaṅkāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.pramanavarttika!prajnakaragupta.1.1.4.3.1.21) — Prajñākaragupta, Sanskrit - [Tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.tattvasamgraha!panjika.1.23.2.2) — Kamalaśīla, Sanskrit - [Brahmasūtrabhāṣya (Śārīrakamīmāṃsābhāṣya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra!sankara.2.638.4) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit - [Siddhitraya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.visistadvaita.purvacarya.siddhitraya.p47) — Yāmuna, Sanskrit - [Bhāratabhāvadīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa!nilakantha.6.40.11) — Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara 1650, Sanskrit - [Subodhinī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.gita!sridhara.525.5) — Śrīdhara Svāmin, Sanskrit - [Bhāmatī with the sūtras (Sansknet input)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra!sankara!bhamati*withsutra.1.814.3.3) — Sanskrit - [Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛttiṭīkā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.pramanavarttika!svavrtti!karnakagomin.1.320) — Karṇakagomin, Sanskrit - [Siddhiviniścayavṛtti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.siddhiviniscaya!svopajna.4.22) — Akalaṅka, Sanskrit - [Dharmottarapradīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.nyayabindu!dharmottara!durveka.35.2) — Durveka Miśra, Sanskrit - [Siddhiviniścayaṭīkā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.siddhiviniscaya!anantavirya.4.238) — Anantavīrya (the elder), Sanskrit - [Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.sarvadarsanasangraha.1.18) — Mādhava, Sanskrit - [Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.trika.darsana.pratyabhijna.ipk!vimarsini.93.3) — Abhinavagupta, Sanskrit - [Tattvavaiśāradī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.yoga.yogasutra!vyasa!vacaspati.4.25.2) — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit - [Mṛgendravṛtti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.siva.kamika.mrgendra!narayanakantha.1.6.4ab1) — Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇakaṇṭha, Sanskrit - [Pramāṇamīmāṃsāvṛtti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.post.pramanamimamsa!svopajna.1.1.31) — Hemacandra, Sanskrit - [Tarkabhāṣā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.tarkabhasa.28) — Mokṣākaragupta, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nastika.carvaka.brhaspatisutra*fragments.1) · Pramāṇa