[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [A Cluster of Nyāya Flowers](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari) › 1.2 # A Cluster of Nyāya Flowers 1.2: dvitīyamāhnikam—pratyakṣaparīkṣā Nyāyamañjarī 1.2 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### dvitīyamāhnikam—pratyakṣaparīkṣā ### [1.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.1) evaṃ pramāṇānāṃ sāmānyalakṣaṇe, vibhāge ca nirṇīte sati, adhunā viśeṣalakṣaṇavarṇabhāvasara iti, sakalapramāṇamūlabhūtatvena pūrvapaṭhitatvena jyaiṣṭhyāt prathamaṃ pratyakṣasya lakṣaṇaṃ pratipādayitumāha— ### [1.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.2) indriyārthasannikarṣotpannaṃ jñānamavyapadeśyamavyabhicāri vyavasāyātmakaṃ pratyakṣam .. 1-1-4 .. ### [1.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.3) pratyakṣamiti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ; itarallakṣaṇam . samānāsamānajātīyavyavacchedo lakṣaṇārthaḥ . samānajātīyaṃ pramāṇatayā'numānādi, vijātīyaṃ prameyādi; tato vyavacchinnaṃ pratyakṣasya lakṣaṇamanena sūtreṇopapādyate .. ### [1.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.4) atra codayanti—indriyārthasannikarṣotpannatvādiviśeṣaṇaiḥ svarūpaṃ vā viśeṣyate ? sāmagrī vā ? phalaṃ vā ? ### [1.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.5) vibhāge—catuṣṭayatveneti śeṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.6) samāneti . sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttiḥ lakṣaṇasya prayojanamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.7) codayantīti . ayamāśayaḥ . asmin sūtre pratyakṣaṃ iti padaṃ lakṣyavācakam, ata eva viśeṣyam . pratyakṣaśabdaśca aphalarūpe akaraṇarūpe ca kevalajñāne, tādṛśajñānakaraṇe indriyādau, phalarūpe jñāne ca vartate . tadatra pratyakṣapadaṃ kiṃ kevalajñānasvarūpamātraparam ? uta jñānakaraṇaparam ? uta phalabhūtajñānaparam ? tatrādye pakṣe'vyāptirativyāptiśca . tadā hi akaraṇasyāphalasyaiva ca lakṣaṇamidamiti bhavati . tathā ca phalarūpajñāne, indriye ca pramāṇatvena varṇanīye lakṣaṇā tatra svarūpaviśeṣaṇapakṣe, yat evaṃsvarūpaṃ jñānaṃ tat pratyakṣamiti tatsvarūpasya viśeṣitatvāt, phalaviśeṣaṇānupādānācca lakṣaṇamavyāptyativyāptibhyāmupahṛtaṃ syāt . avyāptistāvat—atathāvidhasvarūpasya bodhasya, indriyādeśca nirmalaphalajanakatayā labdhapramāṇabhāvasyāpi prāmāṇyaṃ noktaṃ bhavet . ativyāptiśca—tathāvidhasvarūpasyāpi jñānasyākārakasya, vā saṃskārakāriṇo vā smṛtiṃ janayato vā saṃśayamādadhānasya vā viparyayamutpādayato vā pramāṇatvaṃ prāpnoti, phalasyāviśeṣitatvāt .. tadviśeṣaṇābhidhāne punaḥ—aśrutasūtrāntarādhyāhāraprasaktiḥ, avyāptiśca tadavastheti na svarūpaviśeṣaṇapakṣaḥ .. nāpi sāmagrīviśeṣaṇapakṣaḥ—tatra hi—indriyārthasannikarṣotpannam iti indriyārthasannikarṣotpannaṃ sāmagryaṃ iti vyākhyātavyam . jñānaṃ, avyapadeśyam, avyabhicāri, vyavasāyātmakamiti ca tajjanakatvādupacāreṇa tathā sākalyaṃ varṇanīyamiti kliṣṭakalpanā .. samanvayaḥ . tathā cānena sūtreṇa saṃgrāhyānāmapyasaṃgrahaprasaṅgaḥ . evaṃ pramājanakasya yathā'saṃgrahaḥ tathā pramā'janake'tivyāptiḥ . saṃskārādīnāṃ pramātvābhāvena tajjanakaṃ hi na pramāṇatvena saṃgrāhyam . evaṃ yat karaṇaṃ na kiñcidapi phalamādadhāti tadapi na pramāṇatvena saṃgrāhyam . uktaṃ tu svarūpalakṣaṇaṃ tatra vartata ityativyāptiḥ .. ### [1.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.8) sāmagryamiti . kāraṇaśabdasya kāryaśabdavat, sāmagrīśabdasya sāmagryaśabdaḥ pratikoṭibhūtaḥ . etaduktaṃ bhavati—pratyakṣapadaṃ yadyapi karaṇavyutpattyā sāmagrīparaṃ vaktuṃ śakyam, parantu sāmagryāḥ indriyārthasannikarṣādirūpāyāḥ tajjanyatvāsaṃbhavena jñānarūpatvābhāvena ca indriyārthasannikarṣotpannajñānaniṣṭhakāryatānirūpakamiti vyākhyeyamiti .. ### [1.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.9) phalaviśeṣaṇapakṣo'pi na saṅgacchate—jñānapratyakṣaśabdayoḥ phalakaraṇavācinoḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyaprasaṅgāt . asamānādhikaraṇapramāṇalakṣaṇaprastāvāt . pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇamucyate . tacca karaṇamiti varṇitam . jñānaṃ tu tadupajanitaṃ phalamiti kathamaikādhikaraṇyam ? tasmāt pakṣatrayasyāpyayuktatvāt pakṣāntarasyāpyasaṃbhavādayuktaṃ sūtramiti .. ### [1.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.10) atrocyate—svarūpasāmagrīviśeṣaṇapakṣau tāvat yathoktadoṣopahatatvāt nābhyupagamyete . phalaviśeṣaṇapakṣameva saṃmanyāmahe . tatra ca yat vaiyyadhikaraṇyaṃ coditaṃ, tat yataḥ śabdādhyāhāreṇa parihariṣyāmaḥ . yataḥ evaṃvidhaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ jñānākhyaṃ phalaṃ bhavati, tat pratyakṣamiti sūtrārthaḥ . itthaṃ ca na kvacidavyāptirativyāptirvā, na kācit kliṣṭakalpanā . yataḥ śabdādhyāhāramātreṇa niravadyalakṣaṇopavarṇanasamarthasūtrapadasaṅgatisaṃbhavāt .. ### [1.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.11) sāmānādhikaraṇyaprasaṅgāditi . phalaviśeṣaṇapakṣe jñānapadaṃ pratyakṣapadaṃ ca sāmānyaviśeṣabhāvāpannaṃ, ata eva viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvāpannaṃ vācyamityarthaḥ . astu tathaiva, kā hāniḥ ? ityatrāha—asamānādhikaraṇeti . pūrvaṃ pratyakṣānumānopamānaśabdāḥ pramāṇāni ityuddiṣṭānāṃ khalu lakṣaṇamucyate . tatra ca sūtre karaṇavācyanumānādipadasamabhivyāhṛtaṃ pratyakṣapadamapi karaṇaparameva . evaṃ ca phalavācino jñānapadasya, karaṇavācinaḥ pratyakṣapadasya ca kathaṃ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvarūpasāmānādhikaraṇyasaṃbhava iti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.12) yataśśabdādhyāhāreṇeti . evameva vācaspatimiśrā api—atra yataḥ ityadhyāhṛtya yattadornityābhisambandhāt tat pratyakṣam iti pramāṇavācipratyakṣapadaṃ yojanīyam iti āhuḥ tātparyaṭīkāyām . niravadyalakṣaṇopavarṇanasamarthāni yāni sūtraghaṭakapadāni teṣāṃ saṅgatisambhavāt nāsāṅgatyamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.13) nanu samānādhikaraṇe eva jñānapratyakṣapade kathaṃ na vyākhyāyete ? kiṃ yataḥ śabdādhyāhāreṇa ? uktamatra—karaṇasya pramāṇatvāt jñānasya ca tatphalatvāt phalakaraṇayośca svarūpabhedasya siddhatvāt .. ### [1.2.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.14) tadatra— ### [1.2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.15) pramāṇatāyāṃ sāmagryāḥ tajjñānaṃ phalamiṣyate . tasya pramāṇabhāve tu phalaṃ hānādibuddhayaḥ .. ### [1.2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.16) nanu smṛtyādyanekabuddhivyavadhānasaṃbhavāt kathamindriyārthasannikarṣotpannamālocanājñānaṃ hānādiphalaṃ bhavet ? tathā hi— kapitthādijātīyamarthaṃ indriyādisannikarṣādisāmagrīta upalabhya tadgataṃ sukhasādhanatvamanusmarati—evaṃjātīyakena mama pūrvaṃ sukhamupajanitamabhūt iti . tataḥ smṛtyanantaraṃ parāmarśajñānamasyopajāyate— ayaṃ sa kapitthajātīyaḥ iti . tata upādeyatājñānamutpadyate— yata eṣa sukhasādhanaṃ kapitthādijātīyaḥ padārthaḥ, tasmādupādeyaḥ iti . atrāntare prathamasyendriyasannikarṣajanmanaḥ kapitthālocanājñānasya nāmāpi nāvaśiṣyata iti kathamasya tatphalatvamiti .. ### [1.2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.17) nanviti . idaṃ karaṇalakṣaṇaparamiti vismṛtya etatsūtramātradraṣṭuriyamāśaṅkā .. ### [1.2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.18) pramāṇatāyāmityādi . pramāṇapadaṃ karaṇārthakatve sāmagrīparam . bhāvārthakatve pramitiparam . tatrādye jñānameva phalam . dvitīye pravṛttinivṛttyādiniścayaḥ phalamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.19) ālocanājñānam—sākṣātkārarūpaṃ savikalpakajñānam . hānādiphalaṃ— hānādiphalakam . upalabhyeti . iyamupalabdhireva ālocanājñānam . tadgataṃ— kapitthagatam . tataḥ ityasya vivaraṇam—smṛtyanantaramiti . parāmarśajñānamiti . idameva śāstre kutracit vikalpa ityucyate . eṣa kapitthādijātīya ityanvayaḥ . kathamiti . hānopādānāderanumānamūlakatvāt ityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.20) atrācāryāstāvadācakṣate—sādhu coditam . satyam, īdṛśa evāyaṃ jñānānāṃ kramaḥ . na vayaṃ prathamamālocanājñānasya upādānādiṣu pramāṇatāṃ brūmaḥ . tathā hi—prathamamindriyārthasannikarṣotpannamālocanājñānaṃ indriyārthasannikarṣādisāmagrīsvabhāvasya pratyakṣasya pramāṇasya phalameva, na tu svayaṃ pramāṇatāṃ pratilabhate; smṛtijanakatvāt . tadanantaraṃ hi sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtirbhavatīti seyamanusmṛtirapramāṇaphalamapi satī pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇaṃ saṃpadyate, tathā'yaṃ kapitthādijātīyaḥ itīndriyaviṣayaparāmarśotpattau indriyārthasannikarṣeṇa saha vyāpriyamāṇatvāt .. ### [1.2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.21) sa punaḥ parāmarśapratyayaḥ pratyakṣajanitaḥ dhūmajñānavat anumānaṃ pramāṇamucyate, parokṣasyāgneriva sukhasādhanasāmarthyasya tataḥ avagateḥ .. ### [1.2.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.22) pramāṇatāṃ—karaṇatām . pratyakṣasya pramāṇasya—indriyākhyasya . smṛtijanakatvāditi . pramāṇaṃ hyanubhavajanakam; evañca smṛtijanakatvāt ālocanājñānaṃ indriyākhyapramāṇasya phalameva, na tu pramāṇamityarthaḥ . apramāṇaphalamapi satī—pramāṇaphalaṃ abhavatyapi . sākṣāt indriyādyajanyamapītyarthaḥ . nanu pūrvānubhavajanitasaṃskārādutpannāyā sukhasādhanatvānusmṛteḥ kathaṃ pratyakṣapramāṇatvam ? iti śaṅkāyāmāha—tatheti . nātra smṛteḥ pratyakṣapramāṇatvamuktaṃ, kintu anusmṛteḥ . idantāṃśe tasyāḥ pratyakṣatvaṃ vartata eva indriyasāpekṣatvāt . pratyabhijñā hyanusmṛtiḥ . pratyabhijñā ca pratyakṣamevetyarthaḥ . indriyetyādi . indriyaviṣayavastuviṣayakaparāmarśetyarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.23) sa punarityādi . dhūmajñānaṃ yathā vahnyanumitihetuḥ, tathā so'yaṃ kapitthajātīyaḥ iti parāmarśaḥ sukhasādhanasāmarthyānumitiheturbhavatītyarthaḥ . pratyakṣajanitaḥ—sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtijanitaḥ . paraṃparayā pratyakṣajanito vā . svānubhavajanita iti yāvat . tathā ca upādānādiṣu sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtiḥ pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇaṃ, parāmarśaścānumānarūpaṃ pramāṇamiti vivekaḥ . prakṛte upādeyaṃ vastu aindriyikaṃ, anumānasthale tu tat parokṣamiti viśeṣaḥ anantaravākyeṣu spaṣṭaḥ .. yadyapi na kācidatīndriyā śaktirasmanmate vidyate; tathā'pi svarūpasahakāryādidṛṣṭādṛṣṭakāraṇasamūhasannidhānasvabhāvamapi sāmarthyamatīndriyameva .. tasmādeṣa kapitthādijātīyo'rthaḥ sukhasādhanamiti vahnimatparvatapratītivat tajjātīyaliṅgakamānumānikamidaṃ jñānam . tadidamanumānaphalamapi sukhasādhanatvaniścayātmakaṃ jñānaṃ indriyaviṣaye kapitthādāvupādeyajñānaṃ indriyārthasannikarṣeṇa saha janayat pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇaṃ bhavati . tadeva ca hṛdi vyavasthāpya bhāṣyakṛt vabhāṣe—yadā jñānaṃ vṛttiḥ tadā hānopādānopekṣābuddhayaḥ pramitiḥ iti .. ālocanājñānaṃ mukhyaṃ pramāṇameva vyākhyātārastu bruvate—nāyamīdṛśo jñānānāṃ kramaḥ; ādyamālocanājñānaṃ sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtiṃ upajanayatīti—satyam— smṛtyā ca tasya vinaśyattā; vinaśyadavasthaṃ cendriyaviṣaye kapitthādau sukhasādhanatvaniścayamādadhāti, sukhasādhanatvajñānameva copādeyatājñānamucyate, nānyat . parāmarśastu na kaścidantarāle saṃvedyate . nanu kathaṃ sukhasādhanasāmarthyaṃ bhavanmate'numeyam ? atīndriyasya śaktyaparaparyāyasya sāmarthyasyānabhyupagamāditi āśaṅkya samādhatte—yadyapītyādi . atīndriyadharmādharmādighaṭitatvāt sāmagryāḥ atīndriyameva sāmarthyamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.24) nanu tarhi pravṛttihetuḥ anumānameveti pratyakṣasya pravṛttihetutvaṃ na siddhamevetyatrāha—tadidamiti . asya jñāne'nvayaḥ . indriyaviṣaya iti . idaṃ mamopādeyamiti hi upādeyatājñānaṃ; tacca pratyakṣakapitthaviṣayameveti indriyārthasannikarṣāpekṣā vartata eveti hānopādānayoḥ indriyaṃ pramāṇaṃ bhavatyeveti . babhāṣa iti . pramāṇavibhāgasūtra iti śeṣaḥ . vṛttiḥ—vyāpāraḥ .. ### [1.2.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.25) smṛtyā—sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtyā . tasya—ālocanājñānasya . vinaśyattā—yogyavibhuviśeṣaguṇānāṃ svottarotpannaguṇanāśyatvaniyamādityarthaḥ . parāmarśaḥ—so'yaṃ kapitthajātīyaḥ ityevaṃrūpaḥ pūrvoktaḥ . antarāle— ālocanājñāna-upādeyatājñānayormadhye .. ### [1.2.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.26) tadeva sādhyaṃ darśitam . indriyārthasannikarṣajanitamupādeyatājñānaphalakaṃ avakalpate—iti kimasaṃvedyamānajñānakanthākalpaneneti .. ### [1.2.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.27) nanu ! parāmarśo'nubhūyata eva, na tu kalpyate . dhūmajñānānantaramavinābhāvaṃ yatra dhūmastatrāgniḥ ityanusmṛtya parābhṛśati tathā cāyaṃ dhūmaḥ iti . asati tu parāmarśe na liṅgajñānaṃ liṅgini pramāṇatāṃ pratipadyeta; smaraṇajanakaṃ hi tat . na ca smṛtijanakaṃ pramāṇamiṣyate . smaraṇānantaraṃ ca liṅgapratītirbhavantī nopalabhyānuvādena bhavet— ayamagnimān iti .. ### [1.2.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.28) api ca tathā ca kṛtakaḥ śabdaḥ iti yat upanayavacanamavayaveṣu paṭhyate, tasya kiṃ vācyaṃ bhaviṣyati parāmarśāpalāpavādinām . svapratipattivacca parapratipattiravayavairjanyate iti vakṣyāmaḥ . tasmādapratyākhyeyaḥ parāmarśa iti .. ### [1.2.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.29) kalpanāyāṃ khalu doṣaḥ . anubhavāt siddhau na vayaṃ aparādhina ityāśayavān śaṅkate—nanviti . kutaḥ pramāṇatāṃ na pratipadyetetyatra hetuḥ—smaraṇajanakamiti . tat—liṅgajñānam . liṅgajñānaṃ hi ekasambandhijñānamaparasambandhismārakam itirītyā svavyāpakatvarūpasambandhinaḥ vahneḥ smṛtijanakaṃ sat vyāptismṛtijanakam . smṛtijanakaṃ ca liṅgajñānaṃ na pramāṇaṃ bhavitumarhati, anubhavajanakasyaiva pramāṇatvāt . vivecitaṃ caitat pūrvameva . ataḥ pūrvotpannaṃ liṅgajñānaṃ na pramāṇam . kintu vyāptismaraṇānantarameva liṅgasya pratītiḥ kalpanīyā . saiva liṅgaparāmarśa ityucyata iti madhye parāmarśakalpanamāvaśyakameveti . upalabhyeti . liṅgapratītiḥ ayamagnimān itirītyā anumeyaṃ vastu pūrvameva pradarśayantī na bhavet, kintu vahnijātīyavyāpyadhūmajātīyavānayaṃ ityeva bhavet . na ca tāvatā prakṛteṣṭasiddhiriti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.30) nanu parārthānumānamidamucyate bhavadbhiḥ . vayaṃ tu svārthānumāne brūmaḥ iti cet tatrāha—svapratipattivacceti .. ### [1.2.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.31) atra vadanti— ### [1.2.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.32) na tāvadantarā kaścit parāmarśo'nubhūyate . anumeyamiteḥ pūrvaṃ ūrdhvaṃ ca niyamasmṛteḥ .. 2 .. ### [1.2.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.33) ata evārthamālokya vinaiva hi davīyasā . vilambena vyavasyanti grahaṇādiṣu laukikāḥ .. 3 .. ### [1.2.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.34) liṅgajñānaṃ ca vinaśyadavasthamanumeyapratītau vyāpriyamāṇaṃ pramāṇatāṃ pratipatsyate . tatkṛtaivopalabhyānuvādena liṅgabuddhirbhaviṣyati . tasmāt kapitthādipadārthadarśanasya parāmarśasopānamanārohata evopādeyajñānaphalatā vaktuṃ yukteti .. ### [1.2.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.35) api ca anumeyaviṣaye vahnyādau sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtikṛtamupādeyatājñānaṃ tava na samastyeva . tataśca tatrāpi tathā cāyaṃ jvalanajātīyaḥ itiparāmarśo bhavatā'bhyupeya eva . sa ca kiṃkaraṇakaḥ ? iti nirūpaṇīyam . na tāvadindriyadvārakaḥ, pāvakasya parokṣatvāt . śabdopamāne tvāśaṅkitumapi tatra na yukte . ### [1.2.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.36) anumeyamitiḥ—anumeyaviṣaye mitiḥ, anumitiriti yāvat . davīyasā—adhikena vilambena vinaiva—vilambaṃ vinaiva grahaṇādiṣu—upādānādiṣu, ādinā hānaparigrahaḥ . tathā ca pratyakṣasthale anumānasthala iva na vilambo'nubhūyata iti aindriyikamevopādeyatājñānam . anyathā anumityadhīnopādeyatājñānāt pratyakṣasthale vailakṣaṇyaṃ durvacaṃ syāditi .. ### [1.2.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.37) tatkṛtaiva—tādṛśapramāṇatvakṛtaiva .. ### [1.2.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.38) na samastyeveti . pratyakṣe prathamaṃ vastugrahaṇamātraṃ, sukhasādhanatvanirṇayaśca parāmarśādhīna iti yathocyate, tathā anumitisthale'pi anumānena dharmimātraṃ gṛhyate . iṣṭasādhanatvanirṇayaśca pāścātya iti khalu vaktavyam . evañcānumityā hānopādānādikaṃ na syādeveti . nanvetadiṣṭameva, yataḥ tatrānumānāntaradvāraiva pravṛttyādirityatrāha tataśceti . na yukte iti . śabdasyopasthityabhāvena, upamānasya śaktigrāhakatvena ceti śeṣaḥ . nanu agneḥ parokṣatve'pi pratyakṣo dhūma eva prathamaṃ vahniṃ, tatastasya sukhasādhanatvaṃ cāvagamayatīti na doṣa iti śaṃkate— dhūmākhyālliṅgādeva sa utpadyata iti cet—na—liṅgasya parāmarśāviṣayīkṛtasyānumeyamitijanananaipuṇyānabhyupagamāt . dhūmāvamarśasya tadānīmatikrāntatvāt . tathā hi—prathamaṃ liṅgajñānaṃ, tato vyāptismaraṇam, tato dhūmaparāmarśaḥ, tato vahnijñānam, tena dhūmaparāmarśasya vinaśyattā, tato'gnau sukhasādhanatvānusmaraṇam . tadā ca dhūmaparāmarśasya vināśa eveti tasmin vinaṣṭe na kevalo dhūmastadānīmanalaparāmarśaṃ janayitumutsahate .. agnau sukhasādhanatvānusmaraṇānantaraṃ punaḥ dhūmajñānaṃ indriyādutpadyata iti cet—maivam—ananubhavāt . bhavatu vā dhūmajñānam, tathā'pi dhūmajñānānantaraṃ punarvyāptismṛtiḥ punaḥ dhūmaparāmarśaścāvaśyaṃ bhavet, ityatrāntare hutabhuji sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtiratikrānteti tatsahāyaparāmarśajanyasukhasādhanatvaniścayotpādo na syāt . sukhasādhanatvānusmaraṇena hi vinaśyadavasthena janyamānaḥ pratyakṣaviṣayo'sau dṛṣṭa iti .. dhūmeti . liṅgasya—liṅgasvarūpasya . anabhyupagamāt . parāmṛśyamānaliṅgasyaivānumitikaraṇatvāt ityarthaḥ . nanu prathamameva parāmarśasya niṣpannatvena parāmṛśyamānaṃ liṅgamastyeveti kā hānirityatrāha—dhūmāvamarśasyeti . tadā— sukhasādhanatvānusmaraṇakāle . kevalaḥ—parāmarśāviṣayaḥ . analaparāmarśe— tathā cāyaṃ jvalanajātīyaḥ iti parāmarśaṃ upādeyatvahetubhūtam .. ### [1.2.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.39) nanu pūrvadhūmajñānasya nāśe'pi jñānāntaraṃ kalpyata iti śaṅkate— agnāviti . indriyāditi . na hi smaraṇasya madhye saṃbhavaḥ, tasyodbodhakādyapekṣatvādityāśayaḥ . ananubhavāt punaḥ jñānāntarasyānanubhavāt . nanu phalabalena kalpyatām, anubhavastvatisūkṣmaḥ vinā śapathaṃ na hi nirasituṃ śakya ityatrāha—bhavatu veti . vyāptismṛtiriti . sukhasādhanatvākāraviśiṣṭavahnivyāptismṛtirityarthaḥ . atikrānteti—sukhasādhanatvānusmṛtyanantaraṃ khalu punaḥ dhūmajñānādiparaṃparā kalpiteti parāmarśakāle tādṛśānusmṛtināśo'nivārya eveti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.40) atha manyase na tadānīṃ punardhūmajñānavyāptismaraṇatatparāmarśotpādādijñānaśṛṅkhalā'bhyupeyate, kintu prāktana eva dhūmaparāmarśaḥ kṛśānau sukhasādhanatvānusmaraṇānantaraṃ smariṣyate; tena smṛtiviṣayavartinā satā tathā cāyamagnijātīyaḥ iti jvalanaparāmarśo janayiṣyate iti—etadapyayuktam—agnijñānānantaraṃ yugapatsmaraṇadvayodayaprasaṅgāt—tadaiva sukhasādhanatā'nusmṛtiḥ, tadaiva dhūmaparāmarśasmṛtiriti . na hi kramotpāde kiñcitkāraṇamasti . jñānayaugapadyaṃ ca śāstre pratiṣiddham .. ### [1.2.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.41) bhavatu vā kramotpādaḥ; tathā'pi smaraṇadvayasamanantaramupajāyamānaḥ pāvakaparāmarśo nopalabhyānuvādena jāyate . kramapakṣe'pi ca vahnijñānānantaraṃ tadgatasukhasādhanatvānusmaraṇameva pūrvaṃ bhavet, tato dhūmaparāmarśasmaraṇam, tena tasya vinaśyattā, tato'gnau tajjātīyatvaparāmarśaḥ, tena sukhasādhanatvasmṛtervināśa eveti punarapi sā vinaṣṭā ### [1.2.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.42) smṛtiviṣayavartineti . sukhasādhanatvākāraviśiṣṭena cetyarthaḥ . smaraṇadvayamityuktaṃ; kiṃ tat dvayam ? ityatrāha—tadaiveti . agnijñānānantarakṣaṇa evetyarthaḥ . astu tarhi krameṇaiva smaraṇadvayotpattirityatrāha—na hītyādi . agnijñānānantarakṣaṇe sukhasādhanatvasmṛtistu sammata eva, dhūmaparāmarśasaṃskārasya satvena dhūmaparāmarśasmṛtirapi tadaiva bhavediti kathaṃ kramaḥ niyamyata iti . nanu astu yaugapadyaṃ smṛtidvayasyetyatrāha—jñāneti . etattattvaṃ ca manaḥprakaraṇe spaṣṭībhaviṣyati .. ### [1.2.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.43) nanu saṃskārasya sattvamātrānna smaraṇotpattiḥ; kintu udbodhakasamavadhānādeva . adṛṣṭādīnāmapyudbodhakakoṭipraviṣṭatvena tatsamavadhānā'samavadhāne kāryānumeye iti śaṅkāyāmāha—bhavatu veti . upalabhyeti . anumitavahnivyaktyantarbhāvenetyarthaḥ . pūrvaṃ bhavediti . analārthinaḥ khalu dhūmadarśanāt vahnyanumitiḥ . tasya ca prathamaṃ sukhasādhanatvasmaraṇameva jāyeta . evañca na prakṛteṣṭasiddhiriti . satī sukhasādhanatvaniścayajanmani na vyāpriyeteti . na ca dhūmaliṅgānumitavahnijñānānantaraṃ dhūmasmaraṇamucitam, analamupalabhya hi tadgatasukhasādhanatvamanusmarati lokaḥ, na dhūmamiti . tenānumānaviṣaye parāmarśo'tidurghaṭaḥ . pratyakṣaviṣaye'pyevaṃ, kimanena śikhaṇḍinā ? .. 4 .. upanayavākyasya sārthakyam yatpunaḥ—upanayavacanamabhidheyarahitamaprayojyaṃ prasajyata iti paricoditam—tat—avayaviprasaṅga eva 10 āhnike nirūpayiṣyāmaḥ . tasmādantarāvartinaḥ parāmarśajñānasyābhāvāt ādyamālocanājñānameva heyādijñānaphalaṃ yathoktarītyā bhaviṣyatīti .. sukhasādhanatvaniścayaḥ pratyakṣarūpo'pi bhavatyeva nanu ca ! pratyakṣaphalamiha mīmāṃsyaṃ vartate, sa cāyaṃ sukhasādhanatvālliṅgādudgamyamānaḥ ānumānika iti na pratyakṣaphalatāmavalambate— satyametat—kintu sambandhagrahaṇasamaye sukhasādhanatvaniścayaḥ pratyakṣajanito'pi samasti, yato'numānaṃ pravartate; mahānasādau dhūmāgni- niścayajanmani—niścayotpattau . vastutastu vahniniścayānantaraṃ punaḥ dhūmasmaraṇakalpanamapyayuktamityāha—na ceti . upasaṃharati—teneti . evamiti . anumānasthale madhye parāmarśamantarā'pi pravṛttinirvāhe pratyakṣasthale'pi kiṃ parāmarśakalpanayeti bhāvaḥ . śikhaṇḍinā—napuṃsakena-prayojanarahiteneti yāvat . parāmarśeṇeti śeṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.44) aprayojyaṃ—prayoktumanarham .. ### [1.2.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.45) nanu anumānasthale yathā tathā vā'stu, pratyakṣe tu na tathā vaktuṃ śakyamiti śaṅkate—nanviti . pratyakṣasya phalamiti vigrahaḥ . na hi sukhasādhanatvaṃ pratyakṣagrāhyo dharmaḥ . pratipuruṣaṃ sukhasya vaicitryeṇa, tasya vastudharmatvāsaṃbhavāt . ataḥ pūrvaṃ tajjātīyaṃ vastu sukhasādhanatvenānubhūya tajjātīyatvaliṅgāt khalu purovartini sukhasādhanatvaṃ niścinoti . atastatra parāmarśādikamāvaśyakameveti śaṅkāśayaḥ . satyamiti . ayamāśayaḥ—kutracit pratyakṣasthale'numānātsukhasādhanatvaniścaye'pi sarvatrāpyevamiti na nirbandhaḥ . anyathā tādṛśānumitihetubhūtasya vyāptigrahaṇasyaiva durghaṭatvāt . mahānasādau pratyakṣataḥ darśanavat . ataḥ sambandhagrahaṇakālabhāvinaṃ sukhasādhanatvaniścayaṃ cetasi vidhāya bhāṣyakārastatphalatvaṃpratyakṣajñānasya varṇitavān iti .. pratyakṣeṇa sukhasādhanatvaniścayākṣepaḥ, samādhānaṃ ca nanu ! sambandhagrahaṇakāle'pi sukhasādhanatvaśakteratīndriyatvāt kathaṃ pratyakṣagamyatā ? tajjātīyatvālliṅgādeva tadā'pi tadgrahaṇe iṣyamāṇe tataḥ punaḥ sambandhagrahaṇādanavasthā . sukhādeva kāryāt tadā tadavagama iti cet, tadā'pi nājñātasambandhamavagatijananasamarthamiti tatsaṃbandhagrahaṇavelāyāmapi śaktigrahaṇe pratyakṣasyākṣamatvāt anumānāntarāpekṣāyāmanavasthā tadavasthā—ucyate— na khalvatīndriyā śaktiḥ asmābhirupagamyate . yayā saha na kāryasya sambandhajñānasaṃbhavaḥ .. 5 .. svarūpasahakārisannidhānameva śaktiḥ, sā ca sugamaiva .. siddhānte śakteraindriyikatvasaṃbhavaḥ nanu ! sahakāriṇāṃ madhye adṛṣṭamapyanupraviṣṭam . na ca tat pratyakṣagamyam, atīndriyatvāddharmasyeti sā'pi na sugamā śaktiḥ— naitat—na dharmādi śaktitvādatīndriyam; api tu tat naisargikameva . jagadvaicitryeṇa tadanumānaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ . tadevaṃ taditarasahakārisvarūpa- gṛhītavyāptikasyaiva parvatādau vahnyanumitisaṃbhavaḥ . yadi vyāptigrahaṇamapyanumānāt, tarhyanavasthā . ataḥ yatrakutracit sukhasādhanatvaṃ pratyakṣeṇa gṛhyata eveti vaktavyam . tadabhiprāyeṇa bhāṣyaṃ pravṛttamiti .. ### [1.2.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.46) vyāptyākhyasambandhagrahaṇakāle'pi yadyanumānādeva sambandhagrahaṇaṃ, tarhyanavasyeti dūṣaṇaṃ na yuktam, yataḥ pratyakṣeṇa sambandhagrahaṇameva na saṃbhavatīti śaṅkate— nanviti . tadāpi—sambandhagrahaṇakāle'pi . nanu tajjātīyatvālliṅgānna sukhasādhanatvaśaktyanumānaṃ, kintu sukharūpakāryādeva tatkāraṇabhūtaśakteranumānaṃ brūma iti śaṅkate—sukhādeveti . akṣamatvāt—śakteratīndriyatveneti śeṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.47) sā'pi—anatiriktā'pi . asya śaktirityatrānvayaḥ . taditareti . adṛṣṭādikaṃ kāryasāmānyakāraṇam . na tasya pratyekānumānena kāraṇatvaṃ grāhyam, sannidhānātmikāyāḥ śakteḥ pratyakṣagrāhyatvasaṃbhavāt upapannaṃ tajjātīyatvaliṅgasya saṃbandhagrahaṇam .. mānasapratyakṣeṇa sukhasādhanatvaniścayasaṃbhavaḥ nanu ! kapitthādikāryasya sukhasyedānīṃ na cakṣurgrāhyatvamiti tatsambandhigrahaṇābhāvāt kathaṃ cākṣuṣapratyayagamyaḥ sambandhaḥ ? na cākṣuṣagamyaḥ sambandhaḥ, kintu mānasapratyakṣagamyaḥ . sukhādi manasā budhdvā kapitthādi ca cakṣuṣā . tasya kāraṇatā tatra manasaivāvagamyate .. 6 .. manasā sukhasādhanatvagrahaṇe'tiprasaṅgaparihāraḥ nanu ca ! manasā kapitthādeḥ sukhasādhanatvagrahaṇābhyupagame bāhyaviṣayapramitiṣu mana eva niraṅkuśaṃ karaṇamidānīṃ saṃvṛttamiti kṛtaṃ cakṣurādibhiḥ . ataśca na kaścidandho vā badhiro vā syāt— naiṣa doṣaḥ—prathamapravṛttasamanaskavāhyendriyajanitavijñānaviṣayīkṛtavapuṣo vāhyasya vastuno manogrāhyatvābhyupagamāt, tasyaiva niyāmakatvāt nocchṛṅkhalamantaḥkaraṇaṃ bāhyaviṣaye pravartate .. dharmigrāhakānumānagrāhyatvāt . ataḥ tadvyatiriktasahakārisannidhānamevātra grāhyam . tasya ca pratyakṣatvaṃ saṃbhavatyeveti . sambandhagrahaṇamiti . pratyakṣeṇeti śeṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.48) nanu kapitthaṃ hi cākṣuṣaṃ, sukhaṃ tvacākṣuṣam ? kathamubhayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvarūpasambandhaḥ cakṣurgamyaḥ ? sambandhinoragrahaṇe ca kathaṃ sambandhagrahaṇamiti śaṅkate—nanviti . nanu mānasatvaṃ vā katham ? sukhasya mānasatve'pi kapitthasya mānasatvābhāvāt, ityatrāha—sukhādīti .. ### [1.2.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.49) kapitthādeḥ—kapitthādiniṣṭhasya . kṛtamityādi . sukhasādhanatvaṃ hi kapitthadharmaḥ, ata eva bāhya iti tasya manasā grahaṇe, tadvadeva sarvamapi bāhyaṃ manasā gṛhyeta cet bāhyendriyāṇi vyarthānyeveti . ataśceti . cakṣurindriyavināśe'pi manasā rūpagrahaṇe ko vā'ndhaḥ syādityarthaḥ . samanasketi . manassahakṛtetyarthaḥ . ayaṃ bhāvaḥ—manaḥ sarvathā na bāhye viṣaye sarvatra sukhasādhanatvaṃ na mānasaṃ bhavitumarhati nanu ca ! sambandhagrahaṇakāle yadi mānasena pratyakṣeṇa sukhasādhanatvāvadhāraṇaṃ, tarhi tatkāla iva vyavahārakāle'pi mānasapratyakṣa eva sukhasādhanatvaniścayo'stu, kiṃ tajjātīyatvaliṅgāpekṣaṇeneti— maivam—śabdaliṅgendriyādyuparatau kevalamantaḥkaraṇaṃ karaṇaṃ kalpyate, paridṛśyamānāyāḥ pratīterapahnotumaśakyatvāt . liṅgādyupāyāntarasaṃbhave tu yadi mana eva kevalaṃ kāraṇamucyate tanmānasamevaikaṃ pramāṇaṃ syāt, na catvāri pramāṇāni bhaveyurityalaṃ prasaṅgena .. tasmāt sambandhagrahaṇakāle yattatkapitthādiviṣayamakṣajaṃ jñānaṃ tat upādeyādijñānaphalamiti bhāṣyakṛtaścetasi sthitam . sukhasādhanatvajñānamevopādeyādijñānamityuktam .. pramāṇa-phalayorabhedavādimatam āha—kimarthamayamīdṛśaḥ kleśa āśrīyate ? pramāṇādabhinnameva phalamastu ! tadeva cakṣurādijanitaṃ kapitthādipadārthadarśanaṃ viṣayaprakāśena vyāpriyamāṇamivābhātīti karaṇamucyatām, tadeva viṣayānubhavasvabhāvatvāt phalamiti kathyatām . itthaṃ ca pramāṇaphale na bhinnāvikaraṇe bhaviṣyataḥ, anyatra pramāṇaṃ, anyatra phalamiti . taduktam pramāṇasamuccaye—9— savyāpārapratītitvāt pramāṇaṃ phalameva sat iti .. pravartata iti na vaktuṃ śakyam, ghaṭādiviṣayakasmaraṇādīnāmanupapatteḥ . ataḥ prāthamikagrahaṇameva kevalena manasā na saṃbhavatīti vaktavyamiti prakṛte na doṣa iti .. ### [1.2.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.50) vyavahārakāle—hānopādānādivyavahārakāle . gatyantarāsaṃbhava evāyaṃ nyāya ityāha—bhaivamiti . indriyādītyādinā upamānaparigrahaḥ .. ### [1.2.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.51) upādeyādijñānaṃ—upādeyatva-heyatvaprakārakajñānam .. ### [1.2.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.52) diṅnāgoktamanuvadati—āheti . nanu pramāṇaṃ ca siddharūpaṃ, phalaṃ tu sādhyasvarūpam . tadubhayamekaṃ kathaṃ bhavet ? ityatrāha—tadeveti . asya darśanamityanenānvayaḥ . viṣayamukhataḥ darśanaṃ karaṇaṃ, svarūpatastu phalaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ . savyāpāreti . pramāṇatvopacārastu nirvyāpāre na vidyate tadidamanupapannam—pramāṇasya svarūpahāniprasaṅgāt . karaṇaṃ hi pramāṇamucyate—pramīyate cāneneti . na ca kriyaiva kvacit karaṇaṃ bhavati . kriyāyāṃ sādhyāyāṃ kārakaṃ kimapi karaṇamucyate . tatra yathā dātreṇa caitraḥ śālistambaṃ lunāti iti kartṛkarmakaraṇāni kriyāto bhinnānyupalabhyante, tathehāpi cakṣuṣā ghaṭaṃ paśyati iti darśanakriyātaḥ pṛthagbhāva eva teṣāṃ yuktaḥ, na darśanaṃ karaṇameveti . pramā, pramāṇamiti tu phale pramāṇaśabdasya sādhutvākhyānamātraṃ; kṛtiḥ, karaṇaṃ itivat .. pramāṇaphalayoḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ nāma kim ? yattu—na bhinnādhikaraṇe pramāṇaphale itthaṃ bhaviṣyataḥ iti— seyamapūrvavācoyuktiḥ . kimatrādhikaraṇaṃ vivakṣitam ? yadi tāva- ityuttarārdhaṃ jñeyam . atraivaṃ vṛttiḥ—vyāpāreṇa saha pratītatvādityarthaḥ . atra pramāṇatvopacāranimittaṃ pramāṇaphalameva bhavatīti pramāṇapratītiḥ phalam . atra bāhyānāṃ yathā pramāṇāt phalaṃ arthāntaraṃ tathā na bhavati iti . jñānaṃ vinā'rthasya, arthaṃ vinā jñānasya cānanubhavāt anyatarapāriśeṣye āvaśyake antaraṅgena jñānenaiva sarvanirvāhe, viṣayābhimukhaṃ tadeva pramāṇaṃ, svāmimukhaṃ tu phalamiti hārda āśayaḥ .. ### [1.2.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.53) pramāṇaphalayorbhedaṃ sanidarśanamupapādayati—tadidamityādi . kriyātaḥ— lavanarūpakriyātaḥ . teṣāṃ—kartṛkarmakaraṇānām . nanu tarhi karaṇārthavyutpannasya pramāṇapadasya pramāpadasya ca samāno nirdeśaḥ kathamityatrāha—prameti . sādhutvākhyānamātramiti . phale'pi pramāṇaśabdaḥ prayuktaḥ sādhureva . na tāvatā phalakaraṇayorabhedasambhavaḥ . vyutpattivaicitryeṇa ekasya padasyārthadvayasādhāraṇye'pi nārthadvayaikyaṃ saṃbhavati . yathā—striyāṃ ktin iti sūtreṇa bhāvārthaktinantaḥ kṛtiśabdaḥ, lyuṭ ca itivihitabhāvārthakalyuḍantakaraṇaśabdena samānārthako'pi karaṇārthakalyuḍantakaraṇaśabdena samānārtho na hi bhavati . tathā prakṛte'pi bhāvārthakalyuḍantapramāṇaśabdasya bhāvārthakāṅantapramāśabdasya ca samānatve'pi karaṇārthakalyuḍantapramāṇaśabdasya na samānatvamiti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.54) yattvityādi uktidūṣaṇam . ayaṃ saṅgrahaḥ—phalaṃ karaṇaṃ ca bhinnaviṣayakaṃ na bhavatītyarthaḥ ? uta bhinnāśrayaṃ na saṃbhavatītyarthaḥ ? ādye iṣṭāpattiḥ . dviṣayaḥ ? tadastyevaikaviṣayatvam . yadviṣayaṃ hi darśanam, sa eva cakṣurādeḥ karaṇasya viṣayaḥ . āśrayo'stvadhikaraṇamiti bauddhagṛhe tāvadavācako granthaḥ . kṣaṇikatvena sarvakāryāṇāṃ nirādhāratvāt .. asmatpakṣe tu bhinnāśrayayorapi phalakaraṇabhāvaḥ pākakāṣṭhayordṛṣṭaḥ . tathā cakṣurjñānayorapi bhaviṣyatīti . kvacittu bhinnayorapi jñānayoḥ phalakaraṇatvena sthitayoḥ liṅgaliṅgijñānayoriva viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyajñānayoriva caikātmyāśravatvamasti . na ttvanena samānāśrayatvena prayojanam, cakṣurādāvanirvahaṇāt .. atha ekaphalaniṣpattau vyāpārasamānāśrayatvamucyate, tadapi bhavatu kārakāntarāṇāṃ; na tu phalasvabhāvasya jñānasya phalaniṣpattau vyāpāraḥ saṃbhavati .. yadapi savyāpārapratītitvādityucyate—tadapi pramāṇaphalayorbhinnatāmeva sūcayati . na hi svarūpaniṣpattau savyāpāratvamupapadyate; api tu pṛthagbhūtaphalanirvṛttāveveti .. indriyasya jñānasya ca ekaviṣayatvāt . na dvitīyaḥ, bauddhamate ubhayāśrayasya ekasya vastunaḥ anaṅgīkārāt iti .. ### [1.2.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.55) nanu vyadhikaraṇayoḥ pramāpramāṇayorvā sādhyasādhanabhāvaḥ kathamityatrāha— asmatpakṣe tviti . evaṃ bhinnāśrayayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvamuktvā bhinnaviṣayayoḥ samānāśrayayorapi tamāha—kvaciditi . ekātmyeti . ekātmavṛttitvamiti yāvat . kintu etādṛśaṃ samānāśrayatvaṃ nirupayogītyāha—na tvaneneti . cakṣurādāmiti . bhinnādhikaraṇakaryāḥ cakṣurdarśanayoḥ sādhanasādhyabhāvadarśanādityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.56) vyāpārasamānāśrayatvamiti . cakṣurdarśanayoḥ bhinnādhikaraṇatve'pi tayorvyāpārasya viṣaye samānatvāt tatkṛtaṃ sāmānādhikaraṇyamastyeva . darśanasya tu viṣayatvaṃ sambandhaḥ, cakṣuṣastu saṃyogassambandha iti viśeṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.57) bhinnatāmeveti . savyāpāratvanirvyāpāratvavailakṣaṇyasya bhavataivoktatvādityāśayaḥ .. ### [1.2.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.58) nanu ! vastusthityā phalameva jñānaṃ, phalamapi tu bhavat viṣayānubhavaṃ prati vyāpṛtamiti . ayi mugdhabuddhe ! viṣayānubhava eva jñānamucyate, na tu viṣayānubhavaḥ viṣayānubhave savyāpāro bhavati .. ### [1.2.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.59) atha manuṣe ? viṣayādhigamābhimānaḥ tasmin sati bhavatīti ? ko'yamabhimāno nāma ? viṣayānubhavāt bhinnaḥ ? abhinno vā ? abhede sati, tasmin sati bhavatītyasaṅgatā vāco yuktiḥ . bhede tvasmanmatānupraveśaḥ .. ### [1.2.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.60) api ca jñānaṃ viṣayādhigame vyāpṛtamiti kṛtvā viṣayādhigamābhimānamupajanayati ? uta viṣayādhigamasvabhāvatvādeva ? iti vicāre viṣayādhigamāt pṛthagbhūtasya tatra vyāpriyamāṇasyānupalaṃbhāt viṣayādhigamasvabhāvameva jñānamavadhāryate . tatkṛtaścābhimāna iti phalameva jñānamavakalpate na karaṇamiti . tathā ca loka phalatvameva jñānasyānumanyate, na karaṇatvam . tathā hyevaṃ vadati, cakṣuṣā paśyāmi, liṅgena jānāmīti; na tu jñānena jānāmīti vyapadiśan kaściddṛśyate .. ### [1.2.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.61) viṣayānubhava eveti . na hi nirviṣayaṃ kiñcit jñānaṃ kvaciddṛṣṭamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.62) viṣayādhigamaḥ—saviṣayatvam . tasmin sati—saviṣayatādaśāyām . saviṣayatvaṃ khalu jñānasya jñānatvavat kaścana dharmaḥ . evañca saviṣayatvābhāve'pi jñānatvaṃ kuto nivarteta . nailyābhāve'pi vaṭe ghaṭatvavat ataśca saviṣayatvakṛtaṃ pramāṇatvaṃ, jñānatvakṛtaṃ phalatvamiti siddhaṃ sāmānādhikaraṇyamiti bauddhāśayaḥ . siddhānte tu saviṣayaṃ vastu karaṇaṃ, tadabhimānaḥ phalaṃ iti cet, siddhaṃ karaṇaphalatvayoḥ vaiyadhikaraṇyamityāśayaḥ .. ### [1.2.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.63) api ca saviṣayatvaṃ nailyādivat na nirūpitasvarūpaviśeṣaṇadharmaḥ, kintu kambugrīvādivat svarūpanirūpakadharmaḥ . atastadabhāve tat jñānameva na syāt . ataḥ phalakaraṇayoraikyaṃ na saṃbhavatyeveti cāha—api cetyādinā .. ### [1.2.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.64) nanu ! satsvapi cakṣurādiṣu viṣayajñānamanupajanayatsu na karaṇaṃ vyapadiśati lokaḥ, janayatsu ca vyapadiśatīti loke karaṇotpādakatvādeva teṣāṃ karaṇatvavyapadeśaḥ, na sākṣāt karaṇatvāditi— tadayuktam—cakṣurādyeva karaṇaṃ, na tu tenānyat karaṇamupajanyate . kiṃ hi tadanyat karaṇam ? jñānamiti cet—kasyāṃ kriyāyāṃ tat karaṇamiti parīkṣyatāmetat . na hyātmanyeva kiñcitkaraṇaṃ karaṇaṃ bhavatīti .. ### [1.2.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.65) yattu jñānamanupajanayati cakṣurādau na karaṇatāmācaṣṭe lokaḥ— tadyuktameva . na hi kriyotpattāvavyāpriyamāṇaṃ karaṇaṃ kārakaṃ bhavati . tena cakṣurāderjñānakriyāmupajanayataḥ karaṇatvam, jñānasya tu phalatvameveti yuktastathā vyapadeśaḥ .. ### [1.2.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.66) pramāṇasya pramāṇatvaṃ tasmādabhyupagacchatām . bhinnaṃ phalamupetavyaṃ ekatve tadasaṃbhavāt .. 7 .. ### [1.2.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.67) nanu cakṣuṣā paśyāmi iti vyavahāraḥ ghaṭādyanubhavavelāyāmeva . ataśca cakṣuṣaḥ karaṇatvaṃ ghaṭādidarśanādhīnaṃ jātamityaupādhikameva cakṣurādeḥ karaṇatvamiti śaṅkate—nanviti . yadyapi jñānajanakatvakṛtaṃ cakṣurādeḥ karaṇatvaṃ jñānaśeṣatvāt jñānādhīnaṃ, tathāpi nedamaupādhikam . sādhanaṃ hi svataḥ sādhyaśeṣabhūtam . daṇḍādīnāmapi hi ghaṭakaraṇatvaṃ ghaṭādhīnameva, na tāvatā daṇḍādeḥ karaṇatvameva aupādhikamiti vaktuṃ śakyaṃ ityāśayavān samādhatte—tadayuktamiti . na hīti . karaṇaṃ kiñcit ātmanyeva na hi karaṇaṃ bhavati ityanvayaḥ . anumitidṛṣṭyā karaṇabhūtamapi liṅgajñānādikaṃ cakṣurādidṛṣṭyā na karaṇaṃ bhavati, api tu cakṣuṣaḥ phalameva dhūmadarśanam . ataḥ svasmin svaṃ karaṇaṃ na bhavatyevetyarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.68) nanu tarhi jñānamajanayataḥ cakṣurādeḥ karaṇatvaṃ na syāt . kāryajanakaṃ hi karaṇamiti śaṅkāmiṣṭāpattyā pariharati—yattvityādi . pākakriyāṃ kurvati sati pācako'yamiti vyavahāraḥ itarakāle tathā vyavahārastu upalakṣaṇatayā, svarūpayogyatayā vā neya iti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.69) yastu mūḍhataraḥ pramāṇaprameyaphalavyavahāramekatraiva jñānātmani nirvāhayitumudyacchati pramāṇasamuccaye 11— yadābhāsaṃ prameyaṃ tat pramāṇaphalate punaḥ . grāhakākārasaṃvittyoḥ trayaṃ, nātaḥ pṛthak kṛtam .. iti—tamapavargāhnike jñānādvaitadalanaprasaṅgena durācāraṃ nirbhartsayiṣyāmaha ityalaṃ vistareṇa . tasmāt suṣṭhūktaṃ—yadā jñānaṃ pramāṇaṃ, tadā hānādibuddhayaḥ phalam iti .. ### [1.2.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.70) tadevaṃ phalaviśeṣaṇapakṣe yataḥ śabdādhyāhāreṇa vācakaṃ sūtraṃ— yata indriyārthasannikarṣotpannatvādiviśeṣaṇaviśeṣitaṃ jñānākhyaṃ phalaṃ bhavati, tat pratyakṣamiti .. ### [1.2.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.71) tatra indriyārthasannikarṣotpannapadaṃ arthānapekṣajanmanaḥ smṛtyādijñānasya, arthajanitasyāpi ca parokṣaviṣayasyānumānādijñānattya vyavacchedārtham . ataḥ tajjanakasya na pratyakṣatā prasajyate .. ### [1.2.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.72) nanu indriyārthasannikarṣotpannamindriyagatyanumānamapyasti . taddhi indriyārthasannikarṣeṇa liṅgabhūtena janyate, deśāntaraprāptyeva tapanagamanānumānamiti kathamanena padenānumānamapākriyate— ### [1.2.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.73) yastu mūḍhataraḥ—diṅnāgādiḥ . yadābhāsamiti . atra vṛttiḥ—'yogācārāstu bāhyārthamapalapantaḥ jñānasyaivānādivāsanopaplāvitaḥ nīlapītādiviṣayākāraḥ prameyam, svākāraḥ pramāṇam, svasaṃvittiḥ phalamiti manyante . yathā''huḥ—yadābhāsaṃ......pṛthakkṛtam iti .. ### [1.2.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.74) tajjanakasya—smṛtyādijanakasya . pratyakṣatā—pratyakṣapramāṇatā .. ### [1.2.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.75) liṅgabhūteneti . liṅgasyānumitikaraṇatvādityarthaḥ . madīyaṃ cakṣuḥ, gamanaśāli, dūrasthena ghaṭena saṃyuktatvāt, ityanumānākāraḥ . atra cānumāne naitadevam—indriyeṇa svaviṣayasannikṛṣṭena satā tatraiva yadvijñānamutpadyate tat indriyārthasannikarṣotpannamiha brūmahe . na cedṛśamindriyagatyanumānam .. kuto viśeṣapratilambha iti cet—utpannagrahaṇāditi brūmaḥ . utpannagrahaṇena hi sannikarṣamya kārakatvaṃ khyāpyate . taccāpīndriyaviṣaye'rthe jñānamutpādayato nirvahati . indriyagatyanumāne tu na sannikarṣaṃ kārakamāhuḥ, api tu jñāpakam . ata eva svagrahaṇasāpekṣaḥ tadanumāne' vyāpriyate, na rūpādipramitāviva tannirapekṣa iti .. indriyārthapadavivaraṇam indriyāṇi ghrāṇarasananayanasparśanaśrotrāṇi pṛthivyādibhūtapañcakaprakṛtīni vakṣyante 8 āhnike . arthāstu gandharūparasasparśaśabdāḥ gandhatvādisvajātyavacchinnāḥ, tadadhikaraṇāni pṛthivyaptejāṃsi dravyāṇi, tadadhiṣṭhānāḥ saṅkhyādayo guṇāḥ, utkṣepaṇādīni karmāṇi, tadvṛttīni indriyārthasannikarṣa eva heturiti liṅgavidhayā indriyārthasannikarṣajanyatvaṃ etadanumāne vartata ityarthaḥ . tatraiveti . yatra indriyaṃ saṃyuktaṃ, tadviṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ atra vivakṣitam . uktānumāne tu indriyārthayoḥ sannikarṣeṇa indriyagateranumānaṃ, na tu sannikarṣaviṣayasyeti . tathā ca indriyārthasannikarṣaniṣṭhakāraṇatānirūpitaṃ yat svaviṣayaviṣayakaniṣṭhaṃ kāryatvaṃ tadvadityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.76) viśeṣeti . kāryatāviśeṣa ityarthaḥ . indriyārthasannikarṣaniṣṭhakāraṇatānirūpitakāryatāvaditi sāmānyato'rthastatpadādbhavati . tat kathaṃ kāryatāyāṃ indriyaviṣayaviṣayakaniṣṭhatvaṃ labhyate ? iti śaṅkaḥśayaḥ . khyāpyata iti . utpattiśabdasya tādṛśakārya eva mukhyatvāt . jñāpakamiti . hetuḥ dvividhaḥ kārakaḥ, jñāpakaśca . ādyaḥ mukhyaḥ, daṇḍāt ghaṭaḥ ityādau . dvitīyaḥ gauṇaḥ, dhūmāt vahnimān ityādau . evañca indriyārthasannikarṣasya mukhyaṃ hetutvaṃ kārakatvarūpaṃ svata prāptamiti . ata eva—jñāpakatvādeva . asau—indriyārthasannikarṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.77) bhūtapañcakaprakṛtīni—bhūtapañcakasamavāyikāraṇakāni . arthāḥ—indriyaviṣayāḥ . pṛthivyaptejāṃsīti . vāyoḥ sparśānumeyatvādevamuktiḥ . tadvṛttīni— sāmānyāni, yeṣāṃ sparśanena cakṣuṣā grahaṇaṃ kaṇavratamate nirūpitaṃ te'rthāḥ . prāguktaścābhāvo'pyartha eva; vicārya gamyamānatvāt .. sannikarṣabhedaḥ sannikarṣastvindriyāṇāmarthaiḥ saha ṣaṭprakāraḥ . tatra dravyaṃ cakṣuṣā tvagindriyeṇa vā saṃyogāt gṛhyate . tadgato rūpādirguṇaḥ saṃyuktasamavāyāt . rūpatvādisāmānyāni saṃyuktasamavetasamavāyāt gṛhyante . cakṣuṣā saṃyuktaṃ dravyaṃ, tatra samavetaṃ rūpaṃ, rūpe ca samavetaṃ rūpatvamiti . samavāyācchabdo gṛhyate . śrotramākāśadravyam, tatra samavetaḥ śabdaḥ . śabdatvaṃ samavetasamavāyāt gṛhyate; śrotrākāśasamavete śabde taddhi samavetamiti . saṃyuktaviśeṣaṇabhāvādabhāvagrahaṇaṃ vyākhyātam pu. 150 . iha ghaṭo nāstīti— cakṣuṣā saṃyukto bhūpradeśaḥ, tadviśeṣaṇībhūtaścābhāva iti .. sannikarṣasattve pramāṇam nanu ! sannikarṣāvagame kiṃ pramāṇam ? vyavahitānupalabdhiriti brūmaḥ . yadi hyasannikṛṣṭamapi cakṣurādīndriyaṃ arthaṃ gṛhṇīyāt; vyavahito'pi tato'rtha upalabhyeta, na copalabhyate; tasmādasti sannikarṣaḥ .. avyavadhānamātraṃ na pratyakṣaprayojakam nanu ! avyavadhānamevāstu, kiṃ sannikarṣeṇa ?—maivam— dravyaguṇakarmavṛttīni . sparśanena—tvagindriyeṇa . vicārya gamyamānatvāditi—ghaṭo'sti na veti saṃśaye nirṇayārthaṃ pravartamānaḥ ghaṭaṃ tadabhāvaṃ vā niścinoti . atra yathā ghaṭaḥ padārthaḥ, tathā ghaṭābhāvo'pi padārtha evetyarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.78) ākāśadravyaṃ—ākāśarūpaṃ dravyam; evaṃ śrotrākāśa ityatrāpi .. ### [1.2.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.79) vyavahitānupalabdhiḥ—kuḍyādivyavahitavastvanupalabdhiḥ . sannikarṣābhāve kuḍyavyavahitasyāpyupalabdhiprasaṃgaḥ . vyavahitaḥ—kuḍyādineti śeṣaḥ .. ### [1.2.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.80) nanu tarhi avyavadhānameva pratyakṣatvaprayojakaṃ kalpyatāṃ, kiṃ sannikarṣeṇa ? na ca kuḍyādivyavadhānābhāve'pi cakṣurnimīlanadaśāyāṃ pratyakṣāpattiriti śaṅkyam; pakṣmacarmaṇa eva tatra vyavadhānatvāt iti śaṅkate—nanviti . cakṣurunmīlanadaśāyāṃ anavadhānāt pratyakṣābhāvastu matadvaye'pi samāna iti bhāvaḥ . indriyāṇāṃ kārakatvena prāpyakāritvāt . saṃsṛṣṭaṃ ca kārakaṃ phalāya kalpata iti kalpanīyaḥ saṃsargaḥ . etacca indriyaparīkṣāyāṃ nipuṇaṃ nirṇeṣyate 8 āhnike iti neha vivicyate . rasasparśanayośca spaṣṭaṃ prāpyakāritvamupalabhyate iti tatsāmānyādindriyāntareṣvapi kalpanīyamiti .. nanu ! evaṃ satyarthākṣiptaḥ kārakatvādeva sannikarṣa iti svakaṇṭhena kasmāducyate ? ṣaḍvidhatvajñāpanārthamityuktam .. utpannagrahaṇena indriyārthayorjñānajanakatvaṃ darśayati . tatra indriyaṃ karaṇatvena janakam, arthastu karmatvena .. nanu ! arthasya jñānajanakatvaṃ kuto'vagamyate ? tadviṣayajñānotpādādeva . svatassākāratvasya nirākṛtatvāt 41-42 pu. . prakārāntareṇa pratikarmavyavasthāyā asiddheḥ .. nanu ! prayojanametat, pramāṇaṃ pṛṣṭo'si, tadbrūhi—ucyate— etadeva pramāṇam—anyasyāpi vīraṇādeḥ karmakārakasya kaṭādikāryotpattau pratyakṣānupalaṃbhapratipannābhyāmanvayavyatirekābhyāṃ yathā kārakatveneti . na hi kriyāveśamantarā kārakatvaṃ nirvahatītyarthaḥ . saṃsṛṣṭaṃ— svaviṣayeṇeti śeṣaḥ . ### [1.2.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.81) nanu sannikarṣamantarā indriyāṇāṃ kārakatvameva yadi na bhavati, tarhi indriyotpannam ityebālaṃ, kimarthaṃ indriyārthasannikarṣotpannam iti—iti śaṅkate—nanviti . sannikarṣaḥ arthākṣipta ityanvayaḥ . arthākṣiptaḥ— arthādeva siddhaḥ—anyathā'nupapattyā siddha iti yāvat . svakaṇṭhena— svavācakaśabdena . atra svaśabdaḥ sannikarṣaparaḥ . ṣaḍvidhatvetyādi . prameyānurodhāt khalu indriyaṣaṭkakalpanamiti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.82) atha utpannapadaprayojanamāha—utpannaprahaṇeneti . tadanantaratvādikaṃ vihāyeti śeṣaḥ . etena arthānāṃ kālpanikatvaṃ nirastamityāśayaḥ .. ### [1.2.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.83) śaṅkate nanviti . kutaḥ—katham ? tadviṣayeti . arthaviṣayaketyarthaḥ . pratikarmavyavasthā—pratiniyataviṣayavyavasthā . etadvistarastu navamāhnike draṣṭavyaḥ .. ### [1.2.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.84) pramāṇaṃ pṛṣṭo'sīti . na tu prayojanamiti śeṣaḥ . vīraṇaṃ— tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ . pratyakṣānupalaṃbheti . darśanādarśanetyarthaḥ . svānubhavaikavedyatve kāraṇatvamavadhāryate, tathā'rthasyāpi jñānotpattau . yathā hi devadattārthī kaścit gṛhaṃ gataḥ, tatrāsannihitaṃ na paśyati devadattam, kṣaṇāntare cainamāyāntaṃ paśyati, tatrānvayavyatirekābhyāṃ devadattasadasattvānuvartinau jñānotpādānutpādāvavadhārya mānasena pratyakṣeṇa candanasukhavadasya tatkāraṇatāṃ pratipadyate .. nanu ! vīraṇakaṭayoḥ pṛthagupalaṃbhāt yukta eṣa nyāyaḥ, arthastu jñānāt pṛthak na kadācidupalabhyata iti duradhigamau tatrānvayavyatirekau—ucyate—ayameva pṛthagupalaṃbhaḥ, yadasannihite'rthe na tadviṣayamabādhitaṃ jñānamutpadyata iti . tadalamasminnavasare jñānavādagarbhacodyodvibhāvayiṣayā; bhaviṣyatyetadavasare 9 āhnike iti .. utpanna padaprayojanam yathā cendriyāṇāṃ karaṇānāṃ anvayavyatirekābhyāṃ jñānakāraṇatvaṃ, evamarthasya karmaṇo'pītyutpannagrahaṇena darśitam .. sukhādayo'pi mānasapratyakṣaviṣayāḥ nanu ! indriyārthasannikarṣotpannapadena sukhādiviṣayaṃ pratyakṣaṃ na saṅgṛhītam—na na saṅgṛhītam—manasa indriyatvāt, sukhāderarthasya candanasukhadṛṣṭāntaḥ . asya—viṣayasya . yathā candanasukhaṃ mānasapratyakṣavedyaṃ, tathā viṣayasya pratyakṣakāraṇatvaṃ svānubhavasiddhamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.85) sahopalaṃbhaniyamāt abhedo nīlataddhiyoḥ iti vadan pṛcchati— nanviti . vīraṇaṃ—tṛṇaviśeṣaḥ . yadi jñānārthayorbhedaḥ, tarhi kutracit jñānaṃ jātaṃ arthaṃ vyabhicarediti bhāvena—abādhitamiti . yathā cetyādi . arthasya jñānajanakatvaṃ kathamavagamyate ? iti pṛcchatā hi, indriyāṇāṃ jñānajanakatvaṃ saṃbhavati ityaṅgīkṛtam . tatra yat pramāṇaṃ tadevātrāpīti bhāvaḥ .. ### [1.2.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.86) na saṅgṛhītamiti . sūtre ghrāṇarasanacakṣustvakchrotrāṇi bhūtebhyaḥ iti kathanāt ebhirindriyaiḥ sukhāderagrahaṇāt, indriyārthasannikarṣajanyatvaṃ sukha tadgrāhyatvāt . bhautikaghrāṇādīndriyadharmavailakṣaṇyāttu manasastadvarge parigaṇanaṃ na kṛtamiti .. sannikarṣāṇāmupayogaprakāraḥ taccedaṃ pratyakṣaṃ catuṣṭaya-traya-dvayasannikarṣāt pravartate . tatra bāhye rūpādau viṣaye catuṣṭayasannikarṣāt jñānamutpadyate—ātmā manasā saṃyujyate, mana indriyeṇa, indriyamartheneti . sukhādau tu trayasannikarṣāt jñānamutpadyate, tatra cakṣurādivyāpārābhāvāt . ātmani tu yoginaḥ dvayorātmamanasoreva saṃyogāt jñānamupajāyate; tṛtīyasya grāhyasya grāhakasya vā tatrābhāvāt . tasmāt sukhādijñānasaṅgrahāt indriyārthasannikarṣotpannamiti yuktamuktam . ātmamanasostu sadapi jñānajanakatvamiha na sūtritam, sarvapramāṇasādhāraṇatvāt .. jñānapadaprayojanam jñānagrahaṇaṃ viśeṣyanirdeśārtham . tasya hi indriyārthasannikarṣotpannatvādīni viśeṣaṇāni . tānyasati viśeṣye kasya viśeṣaṇāni syuriti .. athavā sukhādivyāvṛttyarthaṃ jñānapadam . indriyārthasannikarṣotpannaṃ hi sukhamapi bhavati . tatra tajjanakaṃ kārakacakraṃ pramāṇaṃ mā bhūt, jñānajanakameva pramāṇaṃ yathā syāditi jñānagrahaṇam .. pratyakṣe nāstītyavyāptirityarthaḥ . nanu yadi manaḥ indriyaṃ, tarhi indriyasūtre kutaḥ na paṭhitamityatrāha—bhautiketi . vailakṣaṇyopapādakatayā bhautikepadam .. ### [1.2.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.87) ātmeti . ātmamanaindriyārthānāṃ caturṇāmatra sannikarṣaḥ . trayeti . ātmā, manaḥ, sukhādiriti trayaṃ bodhyam . yogina iti . yadyapyahaṃpratyaye sarveṣāmapi svātmā viṣayībhavatyeva, athāpi yathā'vasthitātmasākṣātkāraḥ yogināmeva . anyathā sarveṣāmapi tattvajñānitvaprasaṅgaḥ .. ### [1.2.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.88) avyāptyativyāptyasaṃbhavānyatamavāraṇāyaiva padaprayogaḥ lakṣaṇavākye yukta ityāśayenāha—athaveti . sukhamapi bhavatīti . antataḥ tasyāpi manassannikarṣajanyatvādityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.89) atra śākyāścodayanti—na jñānapadena sukhādivyavacchedaḥ kartuṃ yuktaḥ, śakyo vā; sukhādīnāmapi jñānasvabhāvatvāt . jñānasyaivāmī bhedāḥ, sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ icchā dveṣaḥ prayatna iti . kāraṇādhīno hi bhāvānāṃ bhedo bhavitumarhati . samānakāraṇānāmapi tu bhede'bhidhīyamāne na kāraṇakṛtaṃ padārthānāṃ niyataṃ rūpamiti tadākasmikatvaprasaṅgaḥ . taduktam pramāṇavārtikaṃ—3-251— tadatadrūpiṇo bhāvāḥ tadatadrūpahetujāḥ . tatsukhādi kimajñānaṃ vijñānābhinnahetujam iti . tasmāt, jñānarūpāḥ—sukhādayaḥ—tadabhinnahetujatvāt—iti .. ### [1.2.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.90) tadidamanupapannam—pratyakṣaviruddhatvāddhetoḥ . sukhādisaṃvedyamānamānandādirūpatayā'nubhūyate, jñānaṃ viṣayānubhavasvabhāvatayeti pratyakṣasiddhabhedatvāt kathamabhede anumānaṃ kramate ? ### [1.2.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.91) sukhādikaṃ jñānasyaivākāraviśeṣa iti vādino bauddhasya matamupakṣipati— atreti . jñānasyaivāmī bhedā iti . tathā ca pramāṇavārtikaṃ—sukhaduḥkhābhilāṣādibhedā buddhaya eva tāḥ 3-449 iti . atra yuktimāha—kāraṇādhīna iti . niyataṃ rūpaṃ—tattadvastupratiniyataḥ ākāraḥ . tadākasmikatvaprasaṅgaḥ— kāryavailakṣaṇyasya nirhetukatvāpattiḥ . tadataditi . yathāsaṃkhyamanvayaḥ . tadrūpahetujāḥ tadrūpiṇo bhāvāḥ, atadrūpahetujāḥ atadrūpiṇo bhāvāśca bhavanti . mṛtpiṇḍajātīyādutpannaṃ mṛjjātīyaṃ, tadvijātīyāccotpannaṃ kāryaṃ tadvijātīyameva bhavati . evañca yādṛśena kāraṇena ātmamanassaṃyogādinā jñānamutpadyate, tādṛśenaiva kāraṇenotpadyamānaṃ sukhādi ajñānaṃ—jñānavilakṣaṇaṃ bhavati kim ? tadabhinnahetujatvāt—jñānena sākaṃ abhinnahetujatvāt; jñānahetujātīyahetujanyatvāditi yāvat .. ### [1.2.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.92) kāryayoḥ vailakṣaṇyasyānubhavasiddhatvāt tadabhinnahetujatvaṃ nāstītyupapādayati—sukhādīti . jñānaṃ hi bāhyaṃ viṣayamapi kroḍīkaroti, na tathā sukham .. ### [1.2.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.93) ata evedamapi na vacanīyam—ekamevedaṃ saṃvidrūpaṃ harṣaviṣādādyanekākāravivartaṃ paśyāmaḥ, tatra yatheṣṭaṃ saṃjñāḥ kriyantāmiti— saṃvido viṣayānubhavasvabhāvatayaiva pratibhāsāt, sukhādeśca viṣayānubhavasvabhāvasyānusyūtasyāpratibhāsāt . jñānameva viṣayagrahaṇarūpaṃ prakāśate; na sukhaṃ, duḥkhaṃ vā .. ### [1.2.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.94) yastu sukhajñānaṃ duḥkhajñānamiti pratibhāsaḥ, saḥ jñānasvabhāvamedakṛta eva, saṃśayajñānaṃ viparyayajñānamitivat—uktamatra— saṃśayaviparyayādau viṣayānubhavasvabhāvatvamanusyūtamavabhāti . saṃśayo hi viṣayagrahaṇātmako'nubhūyate, aniścitaṃ tu viṣayaṃ gṛhṇāti . viparyayo'pi viṣayagrahaṇātmaka eva, viparītamasantaṃ vā viṣayaṃ gṛhṇāti . na tu viṣayagrahaṇasvabhāvaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ cānubhūyate . ataḥ anya evāyaṃ grāhyaikasvabhāvaḥ āntaro dharmaḥ sukhaduḥkhādiriti ghaṭajñānavadviṣayatayaiva jñānaṃ bhinatti, na svabhāvabhedena saṃśayajñānavaditi .. ### [1.2.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.95) tatraitat syāt—svaprakāśatvāt sukhādeḥ na grāhyaikasvabhāvatvam . ataśca grāhyagrahaṇobhayasvabhāvatvāt jñānameva taditi—maivaṃ vocaḥ—svaprakāśatvaṃ jñāne'pi pratikṣiptam pu. 41, pratikṣepsyate 9 āhnike ca . tat kutaḥ sukhādau bhaviṣyati . na hi grahaṇasvabhāvaṃ kaścit sukhamanubhavati jñānavaditi .. ### [1.2.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.96) ata eva—jñānasukhayoḥ sarvathā vilakṣaṇatvādeva . nanu na jñānameva sukhaṃ, kintu jñānasyākārabhedaḥ; ataḥ pratibhāsabhedo yukta ityatrāha—sukhāderiti . yathā hi mṛdākāraviśeṣe ghaṭe mṛdayam iti pratibhāsaḥ, tathā jñānasya ākārabhūtaṃ yadi sukhaṃ, tarhi viṣayānubhavasvabhāvaṃ pratīyetetyarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.97) anusyūtākārapratibhāsaṃ śaṅkate—yastviti . samādhatte—uktamiti . grāhyaikasvabhāvaḥ—viṣayamātrarūpaḥ . avadhāraṇena jñānavat viṣayitvaṃ vyavacchidyate . ghaṭajñānavaditi . sukhajñānamiti hi ghaṭajñānamitivyavahāratulyamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.98) svaprakāśatvasyaiva nirvacanaṃ—grāhyagrahaṇobhayasvabhāvatvāditi . viṣayāṇāṃ ghaṭādīnāṃ jñānenaiva bhānam . jñānasya tu svata eva . ataḥ jñānaṃ sukhādayaḥ jñānenaiva gṛhyante nanu ! asya prakāśatvānabhyupagame sukhāderutpādānutpādayoraviśeṣāt sarvadā sukhitvaṃ, na kadācidvā syāt—iti— naitadevam—utpannameva sapadi sukhaṃ gṛhyate jñāneneti kathamanutpannānna viśiṣyate . pratyuta svaprakāśasukhavādināmeṣa doṣaḥ, svaprakāśasukhotpādāt tenaiva svaprakāśena sukhenānyo'pi sukhī syāt, svaprakāśasya dīpādeḥ sarvān pratyaviśiṣṭatvāt . kvacit santāne svaprakāśasukhotpādāt tenaiva svaprakāśena anyo'pi sukhī syāt, yasyāpi sukhaṃ notpannamiti .. kiñca kimekaṃ eva jñānaṃ sarvasukhaduḥkhādyaśeṣākārabhūṣitamiṣyate ? uta kiñcitsukhātmakaṃ, kiñcidduḥkhātmakamiti ? ādye pakṣe, sarvākārakhacitajñānopajananādekasminneva kṣaṇe parasparaviruddhasukhaduḥkhādidharmaprabandhasaṃvedanaprasaṅgaḥ .. uttarasmiṃstu, kiñcitsukhajñānaṃ, kiñcidduḥkhajñānamiti yatkiñcidasukhaduḥkhakhacitaṃ viṣayānubhavasvabhāvamapi jñānamanubhūyamānameṣitavya- viṣayamiva ātmānamapi viṣayīkaroti . idameva svaprakāśatvam . utpannaṃ hi sukhaṃ svayaṃ gṛhyata eva .. ### [1.2.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.99) aviśeṣāditi . utpannasya hi sukhādeḥ svato bhānaṃ na saṃbhavati, asvaprakāśatvāt . jñānena grahaṇāṅgīkāre tasyāpi jñānasya—asvaprakāśatvena jñānāntaragaveṣaṇāt anavasthā . ataḥ utpādānutpādayoraviśeṣa eveti . sukhitvamiti . syāt ityākarṣaḥ . kadācidvā ityanantaraṃ sukhitvaṃ ityanuṣaṅgaḥ . tathā ca sadaikarūpatvamevātmanaḥ syādityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.100) nanu dvitvādivadbhavatu, kā hāniḥ ? ityatrāha—kiñceti .. ### [1.2.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.101) ādya ityādi . ādyapakṣe ekameva jñānaṃ; dvitīye tu nānājñānam . kiñcit jñānaṃ sukhātmakaṃ, anyacca kiṃcit jñānaṃ duḥkhātmakamityarthaḥ .. ### [1.2.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.102) asukhaduḥkhakhacitaṃ—sukhaduḥkhākhacitaṃ—udāsīnasvabhāvam . eṣitavyameveti . sarvamapi sukhaduḥkhānyataroparaktameva bhavatīti na hi pratijñātuṃ meva . tacca na svaccham; api tu kenaciddhaṭādinā viṣayeṇoparaktaṃ, anvayavyatirekābhyāṃ ca ghaṭādyupajananāpāye'pi bodhasvabhāvamanuvartamānaṃ pratīyate . tadidānīṃ sukhajñānamapyanubhūyamānaṃ sukhena viṣayabhāvajuṣā ghaṭādinevoparajyate iti gamyate, na svarūpeṇaiva sukhātmakam; tato bhinnarūpasya bodhamātrasvabhāvasya jñānasyānyadā dṛṣṭatvāditi . tasmāt na bodharūpāḥ sukhādayaḥ .. jñānasukhayoḥ sajātīyakāraṇajanyatvaṃ nāstyeva abhinnahetujatvāditi cāyamasiddho hetuḥ; samavāyikāraṇasyātmanaḥ, asamavāyikaraṇasya cātmamanassaṃyogasya cābhede'pi nimittakāraṇasya sukhatvajñānatvāderbhinnatvāt .. nanu sukhotpādātpūrvamanāśrayaṃ sukhatvasāmānyaṃ kathaṃ tatra syāt ? kaścāsya sukhahetubhiḥ kārakaiḥ saṃsargaḥ ? asaṃsṛṣṭaṃ vā kathaṃ kārakaṃ syāt ?—ucyate—sarvagatāni sāmānyāni sādhayiṣyanta 5 āhnike iti santi tatrāpi sukhatvādīni . yogyatālakṣaṇa eva caiṣāṃ sukhahetubhiḥ kārakaiḥ saṃsargaḥ, dharmādharmavat . dharmādharmau hi sarvasya prāṇināṃ sukhaduḥkhahetoḥ jāyamānasya śālyādeḥ kāryasya kāraṇam . śakyamiti bhāvaḥ . svacchaṃ—viṣayānuparaktam . viṣayānuparaktasya jñānatvāsaṃbhavāditi heturūhyaḥ . api tvityādi . etaduktaṃ bhavati . jñānaṃ hi ghaṭādinā viṣayeṇoparaktaṃ ghaṭajñānaṃ, paṭajñānaṃ ityādinā vyavahniyate . ghaṭajñāne paṭasya paṭajñāne ghaṭasya cāviṣayīkaraṇenānvayavyatirekābhyāṃ hi ghaṭasya jñānasya ca bhedaḥ siddhyatyeva . evameva hi sukhādyuparaktaṃ jñānaṃ sukhajñānamityanubhūyate . tatrāpi ghaṭa-jñānayoriva sukha-jñānayorbheda āvaśyaka eva, sukhaduḥkhānuparaktasya jñānasyānubhavāditi . anyadā—sukhaduḥkhānuparāgakāle .. ### [1.2.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.103) sukhatvajñānatvāderiti . ayamāśayaḥ—daṇḍacakrasalilakulālamṛdādibhissajātīyaireva kāraṇairupajāyamāno'pi eko ghaṭo bhavati, aparaḥ maṇikaḥ, anyaḥ śarāvaḥ . tatra hi svarūpabhedāpādakaḥ jātibheda eva kāryabhedaniyāmakaḥ . tadvadatrāpi . na ca tatra mṛdayamityekākārānuvṛttiḥ dṛśyata eveti vācyam; dravyasamavāyikāraṇake guṇe tādṛśadravyatvānuvṛtteradarśanāt iti .. ### [1.2.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.104) sukhatvasāmānyaṃ—sukhatvarūpā jātiḥ . tatra—sukharūpakāryotpattisthale eṣāṃ—sukhatvādijātīnām . sukhaduḥkhahetoḥ śālyāderjāyamānasyetyanvayaḥ . tayośca tatkāraṇaiḥ bījakṣitijalādibhissaha yogyataiva saṃsargaḥ . evaṃ sukhatvādīnāmapi syāt . tasmāt nimittakāraṇabhedāt bhinnāni jñānasukhādīni kāryāṇi .. nimittakāraṇānyatvamapi kāryasya bhedakam . vilakṣaṇā hi dṛśyante ghaṭādau pākajā guṇāḥ .. 8 .. api ca jñānamicchanti na sarve jñānapūrvakam . sukhaduḥkhādi sarvaṃ tu viṣayajñānapūrvakam .. 9 .. viṣayānubhavotpādyāḥ yatrāpi na sukhādayaḥ . tatrāpi teṣāmutpattau kāraṇaṃ viṣayasmṛtiḥ .. 10 .. kvacittu saṅkalpo'pi sukhasya kāraṇatāṃ pratipadyate . tasmāt sarvaṃ sukhādi jñānapūrvakameva .. tādṛśaśālyādyutpattyarthamiti bhāvaḥ . yadvā sukhaduḥkhahetoriti pañcamyantam . tayoḥ—dharmādharmayoḥ .. ### [1.2.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.105) ghaṭādāviti . pākajaguṇān prati ghaṭo hi samavāyikāraṇam . api cetyādi . jñānaṃ hi svotpattau pūrvaṃ ghaṭādiviṣayamapekṣate, na jñānāntaram . sukhamapi yadi jñānarūpaṃ tarhi svotpattau viṣayamapekṣeta . loke tu sukhaṃ pūrvaṃ anukūlatvajñānamevāpekṣate . evañca sukhaṃ, na jñānarūpaṃ, jñānajanyatvāditi . nanu viṣayajñāne jāte'pi kutracit sukhānutpattyā na tayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāva iti cet— sukhādīnāṃ hyutpattau na viṣayajñānamātraṃ hetuḥ, kintvanukūlatvasmaraṇamapi . etadabhāvācca na viṣayajñānamātrāt sukhādyutpattiriti . yadyapi siddhānte jñānāt jñānāntarotpattiriṣyate . athāpi na sarvaṃ jñānaṃ jñānasāpekṣaṃ, anuvyavasāya eka eva jñānāpekṣaḥ . sukhaṃ tu sarvaṃ jñānāpekṣamevetyasti jñānasukhayorviśeṣaḥ . nanvevamapi jñānānāṃ dvikṣaṇāvasthāyitvaniyamena sarvatrāpi pūrvajñānāpekṣā uttarajñānasya vartata eveti cet—idamapi dhārāvāhijñānasthala eva . na hi tatrāpi bauddhamata iva jñānāt jñānāntarotpattiḥ; kintu svakāraṇādeva . evañca jñānasya na niyamena jñānāntarāpekṣā, sukhasya tvastyeveti jñānasukhayorvailakṣaṇyaṃ durapahnavamiti . anupadameva ca spaṣṭīkṛtaṃ idaṃ granthakāreṇa .. ### [1.2.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.106) saṅkalpaḥ—manovṛttiḥ, abhimāna iti yāvat . jñānapūrvakameva, na tu viṣayapūrvakamiti evakārārthaḥ .. ### [1.2.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.107) jñānamapi jñānapūrvakameveti cet—na—upariṣṭānnirākariṣyamāṇatvāt . na hi garbhādau madamūrchādyanantaraṃ vā jñānamupajāyamānaṃ jñānāntarapūrvakaṃ bhavatīti vakṣyāmaḥ 7 āhnike . tena jñānasukhādīnāṃ vailakṣaṇyopapādanāt sukhādinivṛttyarthaṃ jñānagrahaṇamarthavat .. ### [1.2.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.108) nanu ! evamapi na jñānagrahaṇena kṛtyam, avyabhicāripadādeva sukhādivyavacchedasya siddhatvāt . vyabhicārāvyabhicārau hi jñānasya dharmau, na sukhādeḥ . atastadupādānāt taddharmayogi jñānaṃ labhyata eva . kiṃ jñānagrahaṇena ? naitadevam—sukhasyāpi savyabhicārasya dṛṣṭatvāt . kiṃ punassukhaṃ vyabhicāravat dṛṣṭam ? yadetat paradārābhimarśādiniṣiddhācaraṇasaṃbhavaṃ sukhaṃ, tadvyabhicāri .. _First 108 of 1,044 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2)_ ## Commentaries (1) - [Nyāyamañjarīgranthibhaṅga](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari!granthibhanga.2.20.1) — Cakradhara, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (11) - [Kāśikā after the Trivandrum edition (provided by H. Krasser)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.mimamsa.mimamsasutra!sabara!slokavarttika!kasika*trivandrum.297.2) — Sanskrit - [Pramāṇavārttika (ed. Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.pramanavarttika*sankrtyayana.2.145) — Sanskrit - [Yogavāsiṣṭha (vulgate)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.ramayana.upajivya.yogavasistha*vulgate.3.60.63_3) — Sanskrit - [Tattvasaṅgraha (ed. Krishnamacharya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.tattvasamgraha*krishnamacharya.1.21.17.2) — Sanskrit - [Vākyapadīya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.darsana.vakyapadiya.3.1.32) — Bhartṛhari (grammarian), Sanskrit - [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.6) — Sanskrit - [Brahmasiddhi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.sastra.brahmasiddhi.2.138) — Maṇḍana Miśra, Sanskrit - [Dravyālaṅkāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.tattva.jivajiva.dravyalankara.15.1.p1.p34) — Rāmacandra and Guṇacandra, Sanskrit - [Nyāyacandrikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.vada.nyaya-khandana.nyayacandrika.1.p498) — Ānandapūrṇa Vidyāsāgara, Sanskrit - [Nyāyacandrikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.nyayacandrika.1.p498) — Gaṅgādhara, Sanskrit - [Nyāyaviniścaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya.10.508) — Akalaṅka, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2) · Pramāṇa