[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [A Cluster of Nyāya Flowers](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari) › 2.1 # A Cluster of Nyāya Flowers 2.1: pañcamamāhnikam—śabdaparīkṣā · jātyaṅgīkārākṣepaḥ Nyāyamañjarī 2.1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### pañcamamāhnikam—śabdaparīkṣā · jātyaṅgīkārākṣepaḥ ### [2.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.1) prapannāya vipannānāṃ duḥkhitānāṃ sukhātmane . saṃpūrṇāya dṛḍhāśānāṃ namaḥ kāraṇabandhave .. ### [2.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.2) atha yaduktaṃ pra. saṃ. 412 pu. vāstavasya śabdārthasyāvidyamānatvādarthāsaṃsparśinaḥ śabdā iti—tat pratividhīyate .. ### [2.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.3) dvividhaḥ śabdaḥ—padaṃ, vākyaṃ ca . tatra padārthapūrvakatvāt vākyārthasya prathamaṃ padārtho nirdiśya nirūpyate .. ### [2.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.4) padaṃ ca dvividhaṃ—nāma, ākhyātaṃ ca . upasarganipātakarmapravacanīyānāmapi nāmasvevāvantarbhāvamācakṣate . taduktaṃ suptiṅantaṃ padam pā. sū. 1-4-14 iti . ihāpi sūtrakṛdāha te vibhakttyantāḥ padam nyā. sū. 2-2-60 iti . tatra tiṅantapadārthacintā vākyārthavicārāvasara evakariṣyate, tadaupayikatvāt . subantānāṃ tvartho'yamucyate .. ### [2.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.5) te ca caturvidhāḥ subantāḥ padātmānaḥ śabdā bhavanti—jātiśabdāḥ, kriyāśabdāḥ, guṇaśabdāḥ, dravyaśabdāḥ iti .. ### [2.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.6) tatra gavādijātiśabdānāṃ gotvādijātyavacchinnaṃ vyaktimātramarthaḥ, yastadvāniti naiyyāyikagṛhe gīyate .. ### [2.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.7) nanu ! śuklādiguṇādhikaraṇaṃ kriyāśrayaśca dravyaṃ vyaktiḥ, sāsnādyavayavasanniveśātmikā ākṛtiḥ, śābaleyādisakalagopiṇḍasādhāraṇaṃ rūpaṃ jātiriti vyakttyākṛtijātisannidhāne samuccārita eṣa gośabdaḥ kathamitaratiraskāreṇa tadvanmātravacanatāmabalambeta ? ### [2.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.8) āha—vitatā khalviyaṃ kathā; carcayiṣyate tāvat . idaṃ tu cintyatām—jātereva pramāṇātītatvena śaśaśṛṅgavadavidyamānatvāt kathaṃ tadvān padārtho bhaviṣyati ? ### [2.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.9) tathāhi—na tāvat sāmānyagrahaṇanipuṇamakṣajaṃ jñānaṃ bhavitumarhati, tasya pūrvāparānanusyūtasvalakṣaṇamātraparicchedaparisamāptavyāpāratvāt .. ### [2.1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.10) samānavṛttitā nāma sāmānyasya nijaṃ vapuḥ . kathaṃ spṛśati sāpekṣaṃ anapekṣā'kṣajā matiḥ .. 2 .. ### [2.1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.11) samāneṣvākaliteṣu tadvṛttisādhāraṇarūpamavadhāya sāmānyaṃ gṛhyata iti sāpekṣaṃ tatsvarūpagrahaṇam . iyaṃ ca prathamanayanasannipādasamudbhūtā matiḥ pūrvāparānusandhānabandhyā nirapekṣā kathaṃ tadgrahaṇāya prabhavet ? ### [2.1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.12) tatpṛṣṭhabhāvinastu vikalpāḥ svabhāvata eva vastusaṃsparśakauśalaśūnyātmāna iti tadviṣayīkṛtasyāpi sāmānyasya na paramārthasattvaṃ bhavitumarhati .. ### [2.1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.13) na cānumānaṃ, śabdo vā sāmānyasvarūpavāstavatvavyavasthāpanasāmarthyamaśnute, śabdaliṅgayorvikalpaviṣayatvena vastugrāhitvāsaṃbhavāt . tatprāptyādivyavahārastu prakārāntareṇa darśayiṣyate pu. 27-32 .. ### [2.1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.14) ataśca na vyaktivyatiriktaṃ sāmānyaṃ, bhadenānupalaṃ bhāt . tathā hi kuvalayāmalakabilvādīni karatalavartīni pṛthagavalokyante, na jātivyaktī iti na tayorbhedaḥ .. ### [2.1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.15) deśabhedasya cāgrahaṇāt . yataḥ khalu yato'tiriktaṃ, tat tadadhiṣṭhi, tadeśavyatiriktadeśādhiṣṭhānamavadhāryate, ghaṭādiva paṭaḥ; na caivaṃ jātivyaktī iti na tayorbhedaḥ .. ### [2.1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.16) ataścaivaṃ—tadagrahe tadbudhyabhāvāt . yaddhi yato vyatiriktaṃ, tat tasminnagṛhyamāṇe'pi gṛhyate, ghaṭādiva paṭaḥ . na ca vyaktāvanupalabhyamānāyāṃ jātirūpalabhyate . tasmānna tato'sau bhidyate .. ### [2.1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.17) tadvṛttitvātsāmānyasya tadagrahe tadanupalabdhiriti cet—na—vṛttyanupapatteḥ . kiṃ pratipiṇḍaṃ kārtsyenavartate jātiḥ ? utaikadeśena ? iti . dvayamapi cānupapannam .. ### [2.1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.18) piṇḍe sāmānyamekatra yadikātsnyena vartate . tatraivāsya samāptatvāt na syātpiṇḍāntare grahaḥ .. 3 .. ### [2.1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.19) ekadeśena vṛttau tu gotvajātirna kutracit . samagrā'stīti, gobuddhiḥ pratipiṇḍaṃ kathaṃ bhavet .. 4 .. ### [2.1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.20) jāteśca niravayavatvāt na kecidekaśāḥ santi, yaireṣā pratipiṇḍaṃ varteta na caikatra piṇḍe samāpya vartamānā piṇḍāntare samāpyaiva vartitumarhati; samāptasya punarutpattiṃ vinā samāptyantarānupapatteḥ . tathābhūtasya ca vṛttiprakārasya kvacidapyadarśanāt .. ### [2.1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.21) yā ca samavāyātmikā piṇḍeṣu vṛttiḥ sāmānyasya aulūkyairucyate, tāmapi na budhyāmahe vayam . ayutasiddhānāmādhāryādhārabhūtānāṃ yaḥ sambandha ihapratyayahetuḥ sa samavāyaḥ pra. bhā. dravye—iti yaducyate— tadvipratiṣiddham . ayutasiddhatā ca, sambandhaśceti kathaṃ saṅgaccheta ? pṛthaksiddhe hi vastunī kuṇḍabadaravat anyonyaṃ sambandhyete, strīpuṃsavadvā . ayutasiddhatve tu tadekatvāt kiṃ kena sambadhyeta? na hyahaṃ mayaiva sambadhye .. ### [2.1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.22) dravyaguṇayorapṛthaksiddhayorapi sambandho vidyata eveti cet, tadidamunmattasyonmattasaṃvarṇanam, guṇino'pi guṇavyatiriktasyānupalambhāt . ayaṃ guṇī rūpādibhyo arthāntaratvena nātmānamupadarśayati, vyatirekaṃ ca tebhyo vāñchatīti citram .. ### [2.1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.23) yadapi nityānityavibhāgena yutasiddheḥ svaśāstre paribhāṣaṇaṃ kṛtaṃ— nityānāṃ paramāṇūnāṃ pṛthaggatimattvaṃ yutasiddhiḥ . anityānāṃ tu yutāśrayasamavāyitvam . vibhūnāṃ parasparamākāśādīnāṃ sambandha eva nāsti pra, bhā, guṇa iti tadapi prakriyāmātram—nānātvena siddhiḥ—niṣpattiḥ, jñaptirvā yutasiddhirityucyate . tadviparyayādayutasiddhiḥ—aikyena siddhiravatiṣṭhate . tathā ca sati sambandho durvacaḥ .. ### [2.1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.24) avayavāvayavinorapi samavāyātmā sambandha evameva parihartavyaḥ . yathā''ha bhaṭṭaḥ—ślo. vā. 1-1-4-146 ### [2.1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.25) nāniṣpannasya sambandhaḥ niṣpattau yutasiddhatā iti .. ### [2.1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.26) paramāṇvākāśayoḥ, paramāṇukālayośca sambandha iṣyate, nākāśakālayoranyonyaṃ—iti prakriyaiveyamiti alamavāntaracintanena . tasmānna jātivyakttyoḥ kācit vṛttirupapadyate .. ### [2.1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.27) suśikṣitāstu—rūparūpilakṣaṇamācakṣate jātivyakttyoḥ sambandham —so'pi nopapadyate . rūpaśabdaḥ kiṃ śuklādivacanaḥ ? ākāravacanaḥ ? svabhāvavacano vā ? ### [2.1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.28) śuklādivacanatve nīrūpāṇāṃ pavanamanaḥprabhṛtīnāṃ dravyāṇāṃ guṇakarmaṇāṃ ca sāmānyaśūnyatā syāt .. ### [2.1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.29) ākāravacanatve'pi avayavasanniveśarahitānāṃ teṣāmeva guṇādīnāṃ sāmānyavattā na prāpnoti .. ### [2.1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.30) svābhāvavacanatve tu jātijātimatoravyatireka eva bhavet .. ### [2.1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.31) avabhāti hi bhedena svabhāvo na svabhāvinaḥ . śabdātiriktataiveyaṃ na tu vastvatiriktatā .. 5 .. ### [2.1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.32) kiṃcedaṃ rūpaṃ nāma ? kiṃ vastveva ? vastudharmaḥ ? vastvantaraṃ vā ? vastvantaraṃ tāvanna pratibhātītyuktam .. ### [2.1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.33) vastudharmo'pi tadvyatiriktayā sthitaḥ na cakāstyeva . avyatireke ca sambandhavācoyuktiranupapannetyuktam .. ### [2.1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.34) na ca rūparūpitvalakṣaṇaḥ sambandhaḥ saṃyogasamavāyavyatiriktaḥ ko'pi śrotriyaiḥ vivicya vyākhyātuṃ śakyate—yathā īdṛgiti . tasmāt vācoyuktinūtanatāmātramiha kṛtam, na tvarthaḥ kaścidutprekṣyata ityalaṃ prasaṅgena .. ### [2.1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.35) api ceyaṃ jātiḥ— ### [2.1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.36) sarvasarvagatā vā syāt piṇḍasarvagatā'pi vā . sarvasarvagatatve syāt karkādāvapi gomatiḥ .. 6 .. ### [2.1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.37) aśvadhīḥ śābaleyādau uṣṭrabuddhirgajādiṣu . padārthasaṅkaraścaivaṃ atyantāya prasajyate .. 7 .. ### [2.1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.38) athāpi vyaktisāmarthyaniyamānnaiṣa saṅkaraḥ . na hi karkādipiṇḍānāṃ gotvādivyaktikauśalam .. 8 .. ### [2.1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.39) maivaṃ, khaṇḍādyabhivyaktamapi gotvamanaṃśakam . sarvatraiva pratīyeta na vā sarvagataṃ bhavet .. 9 .. ### [2.1.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.40) taddeśagrahaṇe tasya na hi kiñcinniyāmakam . dīpavadvyaṃjakaḥ piṇḍaḥ na tu tatpiṇḍavṛttitat .. 10 .. ### [2.1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.41) sarvatrāgṛhyamāṇaṃ ca sarvatrāstīti ko nayaḥ ? sarvasarvagataṃ tasmāt na gotvamupapadyate .. 11 .. ### [2.1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.42) piṇḍasarvagatatve tu kāmametadadūṣaṇam . kintu naivādya jātāyāṃ gavi gopratyayo bhavet .. 12 .. ### [2.1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.43) piṇḍe nāsīdasaṃjāte jātiḥ, jāte ca vidyate . saṃkrāmati na cānyasmāt piṇḍādanyatra niṣkriyā .. 13 .. ### [2.1.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.44) āyātyapi na taṃ piṇḍaṃ apojjhati purātanam . na cāṃśairvartate tatra kaṣṭā vyasanasantatiḥ .. 14 .. ### [2.1.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.45) bhāṭṭāstu bruvate—bhinnābhinnamekaṃ vastu anuyāyi ca vyāvṛttaṃ ca . yat tasyānugāmi rūpaṃ, tat sāmānyam; yat vyāvṛttaṃ, sa viśeṣaḥ . tathā hi ślo. vā. 1-1-5-ākṛti. 5— ### [2.1.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.46) sarvavastuṣu buddhiśca vyāvṛttyanugamātmikā . jāyate dvyātmakatvena vinā sā ca na sidhyati .. ### [2.1.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.47) kevalaviśeṣātmakapadārthapakṣe sāmānyapratīteranālambanatvaṃ, sāmānyamātravāde ca viśeṣabuddheranupapattiḥ ..—ślo. vā. 1-1-5-ākṛti. 7 ### [2.1.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.48) na cāpyanyatarā bhrāntiḥ upacāreṇa veṣyate . dṛḍhatvāt sarvadā buddheḥ bhāntiḥ syādbhrāntivādinām .. ### [2.1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.49) na hi mihiramarīcinicayanīrapratītivat sāmānyapratyayopamardena viśeṣapratītiḥ, viśeṣapratyayopamardena vā sāmānyapratītirudeti; kintu avirodhenaiva yugapadubhayāvabhāsaḥ . ata eva nirvikalpabodhena dvyātmakasyāpi vastuno grahaṇamupeyate .. ### [2.1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.50) tadetadabhidhīyamānameva na manojñamivābhāti . ### [2.1.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.51) nānārūpatvamekasyāviruddhaṃ vadatā svayam . dūṣaṇākhyānamaukharyamasmākamapavāritam .. ### [2.1.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.52) tadeva sāmānyaṃ, sa eva viśeṣaḥ, tadevaikaṃ, tadeva nānā, tadeva nityaṃ, tadevānityaṃ, tadevāsti, tadeva nāstiṃ iti jainocchiṣṭamidamucyate . ucyamānamapi na śobhate— ### [2.1.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.53) dṛṣṭatvānna virodhaścet na tathā tadavedanāt . uktaṃ hi nānuvṛttārthagrāhiṇī netradhīriti .. ### [2.1.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.54) vicitravikalpaprabandhavipralubdhabuddhayaḥ khalvevaṃ manyante . bhavantu te . na tvekaṃ vastu bahurūpaṃ bhavitumarhati .. ### [2.1.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.55) ekaṃ hi vastuno rūpaṃ, itarat kalpanāmayam . nānuvṛttavikalpeṣu visraṃbha ucitaḥ satām .. ### [2.1.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.56) drāgito hyanyasaṃsparśanairapekṣyeṇa dṛśyate . svalakṣaṇaṃ, ato bhadaḥ tāttviko'nugamo mṛṣā .. ### [2.1.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.57) dṛḍhādṛḍhatvamakṣuṇṇamaparīkṣyaiva saṃvidām . dvayapratītimātreṇa dvayā'bhyupagamo bhramaḥ .. ### [2.1.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.58) na neti pratyayādeva mithyātvaṃ kevalaṃ dhiyām . kintu yuktiparīkṣāpi kartavyā sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ .. ### [2.1.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.59) na caikaṃ śabalaṃ vastu nirvikalpakagocaraḥ . vyaktyantarānusandhānādvinā'nugamadhīḥ kutaḥ .. ### [2.1.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.60) yeṣvanugataṃ, teṣu buddhyā'nanusandhīyamāneṣu tadvṛttisāmānyagrahaṇāsaṃbhavāt . na cānusandhānasāmarthyaṃ buddherasti .. ### [2.1.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.61) ata eva na te samyagadhyakṣajñānavedinaḥ . abhedavṛtti pratyakṣaṃ āhuradvaitavāñchayā .. ### [2.1.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.62) tasmāt bhedāviṣayatvāt pratyakṣasya na tadgamyaṃ sāmānyam .. ### [2.1.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.63) nanu ! evamapahnūyamāne sāmānye gaugauriti śābaleyādiṣu yo'yamanu vṛttaḥ pratyayaḥ, sa kathaṃ samarthayiṣyate ? ### [2.1.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.64) uktamatra pūrvasaṃpuṭe 240 puṭe—vikalpamātrameṣa pratyayaḥ . vikalpāśca nārthādhīnajanmāna iti . tathā ca paraparikalpiteṣu sattādisāmānyeṣvapi sāmānyamityanuvṛttavikalpāḥ pravartanta eva . na ca sāmānyeṣu sāmānyāntarāṇi saṃbhavanti; nissāmānyāni sāmānyāni ityabhyupagamāt .. ### [2.1.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.65) aupādhika eṣa sāmānyeṣvanugatavikalpa iti cet—āyupman ! gavādiṣvapi kaṃ cidupādhiviśeṣamabalambya gaugaurityanusyūtabikalpo bhaviṣyati .. ### [2.1.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.66) kaḥ punarasāvupādhiriti cet—ekārthakriyākāritvamiti brūmaḥ .. ### [2.1.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.67) yadeva vāhadohādi kāryamekena ja nyate . gopiṇḍena, tadevānyaiḥ iti teṣvanuvṛttadhīḥ .. ### [2.1.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.68) nanu ! prativyakti kāryaṃ bhinnameva—satyam—bhedabudhyabhāvācca tadekamityupacaryate .. ### [2.1.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.69) karkādikāryādanyatvaṃ yathā hyetasya dṛśyate . na tathā khaṇḍakāryasya muṇḍakāryādvibhinnatā .. ### [2.1.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.70) nanu ! tathā mā bhūt . na tvabhinnameva khaṇḍamuṇḍayoḥ kāryam . bāḍham . darśanameva tarhi tayorekaṃ bhaviṣyati; taccābhinnam .. ### [2.1.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.71) nanu ! darśanamapi prativyakti bhinnameva . satyam ! svapṛṣṭhabhāvi pratyavamarśākhyakāryaikyādekamityucyate . yathaiva śābaleyādipiṇḍadarśane sati gaurityanantaramavamarśaḥ, tathaiva bāhuleyapiṇḍadarśane'pi gaurityevāvamarśa iti tadekatvamucyate . taduktam pra. vā. 1-110— ### [2.1.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.72) ekapratyavamarśasya hetutvāddhīrabhedinī . ekadhīhetubhāvena vyaktīnāmapyabhinnatā iti .. ### [2.1.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.73) tasmādaupādhikatvādanuvṛttabuddheḥ na sāmānyaṃ kiṃcidvāstavamastīti .. ### [2.1.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.74) tatrāha— ### [2.1.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.75) aniṣyamāṇe sāmānye nanu śabdānumānayoḥ . kathaṃ pravṛttiḥ sambandhagrahaṇādhīnajanmanoḥ .. ### [2.1.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.76) na hi vyaktiṣu sambandhaḥ gṛhītumiha śakyate . sa hi vyaktiṣu gṛhyeta sarvāsvekatra vā kvacit .. ### [2.1.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.77) na sarvāsu; deśakālādibhedena tadānantyādaśakyatvāt . naikasyāṃ; vyabhicārāt . tato'nyatrāpi sa śabdaḥ pravartamāno dṛśyate . agṛhītaḥsambandhe ca na śabdaliṅge pratītimutpādayitumutsahete .— ### [2.1.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.78) —ucyate—syādetadevaṃ, yadi pratyakṣaviṣaye svasakṣaṇe śabdaliṅgayo pravṛttiḥ syāt .. ### [2.1.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.79) nanu ! pratyakṣaviṣaye tayorvṛttāvaniṣyamāṇāyāṃ anavasthādidoṣopaghātādapravṛttireva syāt—maivaṃ vocaḥ—kathamasakṛdabhihitamapi pūrvasaṃpuṭe 88 puṭe na buddhyase ? ### [2.1.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.80) vikalpaviṣaye vṛttiriṣṭā śabdānumānayoḥ . avastuviṣayāścaite vikalpā iti varṇitam .. ### [2.1.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.81) nanu ! vikalpānāmapi viṣayaḥ yadyanugāmī kaścinneṣyate, tadutsīdetāmeva śabdānumāne—bāḍhamasti vikalpānāmanusyūto viṣayaḥ; sa tu na vāstavaḥ . ### [2.1.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.82) kaḥ punarasāviti cet; ucyate— ### [2.1.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.83) atadrūpaparāvṛttisvabhāvamabahirgatam . bahissthamiva sāmānyaṃ ālambante hi niścayāḥ .. ### [2.1.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.84) yā ca bhūmirvikalpānāṃ sa eva viṣayo girām . ata eva hi śabdārthaṃ anyāpohaṃ pracakṣate .. ### [2.1.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.85) tathā hi—na vikalpā vastu spṛśanti . kutaḥ ? ### [2.1.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.86) ekasyārthasvabhāvasya pratyakṣasya sataḥ svayam . ko'nyo na dṛṣṭo bhāgaḥ syāt yaḥ pramāṇaiḥ parīkṣyate .. ### [2.1.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.87) pra. vā. 1-44 ### [2.1.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.88) tasmāt bhramanimittasamārīpitākārāntaraniṣedhāya teṣāṃ pravṛttiḥ . yathā rūpasādharmyasamāropitarajatākāranibāraṇāya śuktau pramāṇāntaraṃ pravartate nedaṃ rajatam iti; tathehāpi śābaleyādisvalakṣaṇe nirvikalpena sarvātmanā paricchinne kutaścinnimitādāropitamagorūpamiva vyavacchindanti vikalpāḥ agaurna bhavati iti; na tu goḥ svalakṣaṇagrahaṇe teṣāṃ vyāpāraḥ, prāgeva gṛhītatvāt .. ### [2.1.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.89) atha brūyāt—nānāviśeṣanikarakalmāṣitavapuṣastasyārthasya kiṃcidviśeṣaṇaṃ prāgagṛhītaṃ vikalpairgṛhyata iti—tadapyayukttam—nānāviśeṣaṇanikararūṣitasyāpi vastunaḥ tadviśeṣaṇopakāraśaktivyatiriktātmanī'nupalambhāt . tadabhede sati tadviśeṣaṇopakāryavastusvarūpagrahaṇavelāyāmeva tatkhacitagrahaṇasiddheḥ vikalpāntarāṇāmānarthakyameva . tadukttam— ### [2.1.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.90) yasyāpi nānopādherdhīrgrāhikārthasya bhedinaḥ . tasyāpi nānopādhyāttaśaktirna hyatiricyate .. ### [2.1.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.91) nānopādhyupakārāṅgaśaktyabhinnātmano grahe . sarvātmanopakāryasya ko bhedaḥ syādaniścitaḥ iti .. ### [2.1.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.92) tasmādapohaviṣayāḥ śabdāḥ vikalpāśceti .. ### [2.1.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.93) nanu ! apohavādaviṣaye, mahatīṃ dūṣaṇavṛṣṭimutsasarja bhaṭṭaḥ . tathāhi—apoho nāma vyāvṛttiḥ—abhāva iṣyate . na cābhāvaḥ svatantratayā ghaṭavadavagamyate . tadayamanyāśrito vaktavyaḥ . kaśca tasyāśraya iti cintyam .. ### [2.1.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.94) na tāvat gosvalakṣaṇamāśrayaḥ, tasya vikalpabhūmitvābhāvāt . nāpyavāntarasāmānyaṃ śābaleyatvādi tadāśrayaḥ, tasyāpi hi sāmānyātmatvena apohasvabhāvatvāt . abhāvasya cābhāvāśrayatvānupapatteḥ . na ca śābaleyasāmānyamagonivṛtterāśrayaḥ, taddhi aśābaleyanivṛtterāśrayatāṃ pratipadyeta . na hyevamupapadyate, aśābaleyo na bhavatīti gauḥ, kintu śābaleyo'śābaleya iti . aśābaleyavyāvṛttirhi goṣvapi bāhuleyādiṣvasti .. ### [2.1.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.95) atha śābaleyādisvalakṣaṇasamudāyaṃ agovyāvṛtterāśrayaṃ brūyuḥ; so'pyaghaṭamāna eva, samudāyivyatirekeṇa tasyānupalaṃbhāt . samudāyināṃ ca svalakṣaṇānāṃ deśakālādibhedenānantyāt vargīkaraṇaṃ puruṣāyuṣaśatenāpi na śakyakriyamiti samudāyo'pi na tadāśrayaḥ . tasmāt sarvasādhāraṇaṃ pratipiṇḍaṃ parisamāptaṃ kimapi nūtanaṃ agovyāvṛtteradhikaraṇaṃ abhidhātavyam . tacca gotvameva, tasminnaṅgīkṛte vā kimagovyāvṛttikalpanāyāsena ! ### [2.1.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.96) api ca na kevalamāśrayābhāvāttadagrahaṇam, kintu ya eva te keci dapohyā agorūpāsturagādayaḥ tadagrahaṇe'pi tadapoho durgraha eva . na ca teṣāmānantyāt grahaṇaṃ saṃbhavati . nāpi vargīkaraṇanimittameṣāṃ kiñci dasti . aśvādayaśca vidhirūpatayā bhavanmate na gṛhyante, kintvanyavyavacchedenaiveti, teṣāmapi vyavacchedagrahaṇe saiva vārteti nedānīṃ vikalpaiḥ kvacidapoho viṣayīkartuṃ śakyate . nirvikalpena ca na kaścidvyavahāra iti sakalayātrotsādaprasaṅgaḥ .. ### [2.1.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.97) kiṃca ya ete śābaleyādiśabdāḥ, te sarva evāpohavācitvāviśeṣāt paryāyāḥ syuḥ . apohyabhedādadoṣa iti cet—na—apohānāṃ bhedābhāvāt . bhidyamānatve vā svalakṣaṇavadeṣāṃ vastutvaprasaktiḥ .. ### [2.1.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.98) bhavatpakṣe'pi sāmānyamātravācitvāviśeṣāt paryāyatvaṃ samāno doṣa iti cet—na—sāmānyānāṃ vidhirūpatvāt parasparavirahitasvabhāvatayā nānātvāvagamāt . apohastu abhāvamātrarūpāviśeṣāt na parasparaṃ bhidyate .. ### [2.1.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.99) karkādiśābaleyādyādhārabhedādapohabheda iti cet—na—teṣāmādhāratvasya nirastatvāt . ādhārabhedena vā tadbhedābhyupagame pratisvalakṣaṇaṃ apohabhedaprasaṅgaḥ . tataśca sāmānyātmatā'sya hīyeta .. ### [2.1.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.100) atha apohyabhedenāpohabhedamavadhārya paryāyatā parāṇudyate—tadapyasāram—tadāpyapohya-bhedādbhedo na paryāyatvamapahanti . bhākto hyasau na mukhyaḥ .. ### [2.1.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.101) na cāpohyabhedādbhedo'pi apohasyāvakalpate . yo hi saṃbhāvyamānasaṃsargairādhārairapi na bhettuṃ pāryate, sa dūravartibhiralabdhasambandhairatibāhyaira pohyaiḥ kathaṃbhidyeta ? ### [2.1.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.102) abhyupagamyāpi brūmaḥ—yadyapohyabhedāt apohabhinnatvaṃ, apohyaikyā ttarhi tadaikyenāpi bhavitavyam . ataśca gavāśvayoranyāpohena vyavasthāpyamānayoḥ agāvo'naśvāśca hastyādayaḥ apohyāstulyā bhūyāṃso bhavanti . asādhāraṇastu ekaḥ gauraśve, gavi cāśvo'tiricyate . tatraikāpohyabhadāt gavāśvayorbhedo bhavatu ! bhūyasāmapohyānāmabhedādabhedo vā bhavatu ! iti vicāraṇāyāṃ, vipratiṣiddhadharmasamavāye bhūyasāṃ syātsadharmatvaṃ ityabheda eva nyāyyo bhavet .. ### [2.1.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.103) athāsādhāraṇyāt aśvāpoha eva go'poha iṣyate, sa tarhi siṃhādāvapyastīti so'pīdānīṃ gaurbhavet .. ### [2.1.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.104) athāśvādiviśeṣoddhoṣarahitamagorūpaṃ vyavacchedyamucyate, tat pratyekaṃ grahītumaśakyaṃ, ānantyāt . vargīkaraṇakāraṇaṃ ca kiñcinnāstyeva . na hi sarveṣāmagavāmaśvādīnāmekadeśatvaṃ, ekakālatvaṃ vā samasti .. ### [2.1.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.105) atha gopratiṣedha eva vargīkaraṇaheturiṣyate, hanta tarhi gauḥ pūrvasiddha eṣitavyaḥ, yatpratiṣedhenāgāvaḥ pratīyeran . pūrvasiddhe ca gavi labdhe kimagobhiḥ, kiṃ vā tadapohena prayojanam ? ### [2.1.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.106) pūrvasiddhaṃ gosvalakṣaṇamastyeveti cet—na—tena vyavahārābhāvāt . gosāmānye tu pūrvasiddhe mudhā'pohaprayatna ityuktam .. ### [2.1.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.107) atha gosāmānyamagopratiṣedhena siddhyati, tadā dustaramitaretarāśrayam agoniṣedhena gosiddhiḥ, gosiddhyā cāgoniṣedhasiddhiriti . tasmādapohyasyaiva nirūpayitumaśakyatvāt na tadbhedādapohabhedaḥ siddhyati .. ### [2.1.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.108) api cāśvādayaḥ sāmānyarūpeṇa vā'pohyeran ? tadviśeṣātmanā vā ? ### [2.1.109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.109) na viśeṣātmanā; tadanantatvāt, aśabdavācyatvācca .. ### [2.1.110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.110) sāmānyātmanā tu teṣāmapyapoharūpatvādabhāvarūpatvam . kathaṃ cā bhāvasyaivābhāvaḥ kriyeta . karaṇe vā pratiṣedhadvayayogāt vidhiravatiṣṭhata iti vidhirūpaḥ śabdārthaḥ syāt .. ### [2.1.111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.111) apohātmanaśca turagādeḥ yo'pohaḥ, sa tasmādvilakṣaṇaḥ ? anyathā vā ? vailakṣaṇye tasya bhāvātmatā bhakte . availakṣaṇye tu, yādṛśa evāpohyaḥ tādṛśa eva tadapoha iti gaurapyagauḥ syāt .. ### [2.1.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.112) kiṃca apohaśabdārthapakṣe nīlamutpalamityādau viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvasāmānādhikaraṇyādivyavahārā vilupyeran . na hi ekasminnarthe dvayorapohayorvṛttirupapadyate . na caikaḥ kaścidartho'sti, yatra tayorvṛttiḥ; svalakṣaṇasyāśabdārthatvāt, anyasya cāsaṃbhavāt . na ca vṛttirapi kā cidasti .. ### [2.1.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.113) sadjñeyādiśabdānāṃ apohyanirūpaṇāsaṃbhavāt nāpohavācitvam . na hyasadajñeyaṃ vā kiṃcidavagatam, yat vyavacchidyeta . jñātaṃ cetsadeva tat, jñeyaṃ ceti . ataḥ kathaṃ sacchabdena sadeva, jñeyaśabdena ca jñeyamevāpohyate . ajñātaṃ tu na nitarāmapohyam . katpitaṃ tu tat vaktumaśakyam, kalpanayaiva sattvāt, jñeyatvācca .. ### [2.1.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.114) apohaśabdasya kiṃ vācyamiti cintyam . anapoho na bhavatī tyapohaḥ . kaścāyamanapohaḥ ? kathaṃ vā'sau na bhavati ? abhavan vā kimavaśiṣyate ? iti sarvamavācakam .. ### [2.1.115](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.115) pratiṣedhavācināṃ ca nañādipadānāṃ kā vārtā—atra na bhavatīti ? neti ko'rthaḥ ? upasarganipātānāṃ ca kathamapohaviṣayatvam ? ākhyātaśabdānāṃ ca pacatītyādīnāmapoho durupapādaḥ .. ### [2.1.116](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.116) nāmnāmeva jātiśabdānāṃ apohaviṣayatvamiṣyate, yeṣāṃ bhavanto jātivācitvaṃ, tadvadvācitvaṃ vā pratipadyanta iti cet—tato'nyeṣāṃ tarhi kā vārtā ? bāhyārthavācitve jātiśabdeṣu ko dveṣaḥ ? nirālambanatve, jñānāṃśābalambanatve vā jātiśabdānāmapi tadevāstu, kimapohavādapramādena ? ### [2.1.117](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.117) yathaiva pratibhāmātraṃ vākyārtha iti kalpitaḥ . padārtho'pi tathaivāstu kimapohāgraheṇa vaḥ .. ### [2.1.118](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.118) ityādidūṣaṇaudāryaṃ apohe bahudarśitam . ataḥ śabdārthatāmasya vadeyuḥ saugatāḥ katham ? .. ### [2.1.119](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.119) ucyate—tadetadaviditabauddhasiddhāntānāmabhidhānam .. ### [2.1.120](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.120) apoho yadi bhāvātmā bahirabhyupagamyate . tato bhavati bhāvatkaṃ vāgjālaṃ, na tvasau tathā .. ### [2.1.121](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.121) kintu khalvayamāntaro jñānātmā saugatānāmapohaḥ sammataḥ .. ### [2.1.122](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.122) tathā'bhyupagame ceyamapohavācoyuktiḥ ? svāṃśaviṣayaṃ padārthajñānānāmityetāvadeva vaktumucitam .. ### [2.1.123](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.123) etadapi nāsti; nāyamāntaraḥ, na bāhyo'pohaḥ . kintu jñānārthābhyāmanya eva .. ### [2.1.124](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.124) nanu yadvidyate nāntaḥ na bahiḥ paramārthataḥ . tanna vidyata eveti kathaṃ śabdārtha ucyate .. ### [2.1.125](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.125) pāramārthikaśabdārthasamarthanapipāsitāḥ . nehāgatāḥ smo yenaivaṃ anuyujyemahi tvayā .. ### [2.1.126](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.126) yata eva tannāntarbahirasti, tata eva mithyeti kālpanikamiti ca gīyate . kiṃ punastat ? āropitaṃ kiṃcidākāramātraṃ vikalpoparaṃjakam .. ### [2.1.127](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.127) nanu ! bāhyārthavyatirekeṇa kimīya ākāraḥ āntarasya jñānasyo paraṃjaka ucyate—dṛśyacchāyaivānuraṃjikā vikalpānāṃ, na dṛśyo'rthaḥ . vyāvṛttaṃ hi vastu darśanānāṃ viṣayaḥ . tacca spraṣṭumakṣamā vikalpā ityuktam pra. saṃ. 240 .. atha tacchāyāmabalambamānā vikalpā vyāvṛttasyāgrahaṇāt vyāvṛttiviṣayā ucyante .. ### [2.1.128](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.128) nanu ! vyāvṛttitadvatorabhedāt yā vyāvṛttiḥ, yacca vyāvṛttaṃ svalakṣaṇaṃ tadekameveti vyāvṛttigrāhibhirvikalpairvyāvṛttamapi gṛhītaṃ syāditi darśanatulyā eva te bhaveyuḥ—naitadevam—na vikalpairvyāvṛttaṃ vastu gṛhyate . na ca pāramārthikī vyāvṛttiḥ; api tu kaścidāropita ākāraḥ . vāstavatve hi vyāvṛtteḥ, vastusaṃsparśina ete doṣāḥ prāduṣyuḥ . na tvasau tathetyuktam .. ### [2.1.129](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.129) ata eva yat ke cana paryacūcudan kila, vyāvṛttagrahaṇapakṣe tritayagrahaṇaṃ prāpnoti—yat vyāvṛttaṃ, yena ca nimittena vyāvṛttaṃ, yataśca vyāvṛttamiti . na ca tritayagrahaṇamastītyataḥ kathaṃ vyāvṛttagrahaṇamiti—tadapyapāstaṃ bhavati —yadi hi vyāvṛttaṃ gṛhṇīma ityevamullekho bhavet vyavahartṛjanasya, tadaivamasau paryanuyujyeta, na tvevamastītyacodyametat .. ### [2.1.130](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.130) nanvevamāropitākāraviṣayā eva vikalpā uktā bhavanti . vyāvṛttiviṣayatvavācoyuktirananvitetyuktam—samāhitametat pra—saṃ— darśanapṛṣṭhabhāvibhiḥ gaurityādivikalpaiḥ atatkāryaparāvṛttā ākārā ullikhyante . na hi govikalpairatatkāryāṇāmaśvādīnāmullekhaḥ, svalakṣaṇaṃ ca spṛśyate . sāmānyaṃ ca vāstavaṃ nāsti . tasmādatatkāryaparāvṛttiviṣayatvameva vikalpānāmavatiṣṭhate—ityevaṃ yuktyā teṣāmapohaviṣayatvamucyate, na pratipattitaḥ .. ### [2.1.131](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.131) nanu ! atatkāryaparāvṛttamiva sajātīyavyāvṛttamapi dṛśyasvarūpam . tatra sajātīya vijātīyavyāvṛttamapyākāramullikheyuḥ . na hi sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttī, svalakṣaṇaṃ cānyat . na caikatarākārollekhananiyamana hetumutpaśyāmaḥ .. ### [2.1.132](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.132) dhīman ! maivaṃ maṃsthāḥ . niścayātmāno nirvikalpāḥ . sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttākārollekhe ca sarvātmanā tanniścayāt vikalpāntarāṇāṃ śabdāntarāṇāṃ cāpravṛttiḥ spāt . tathā ca gauriti śabdādutpadyamāno vijātīyavyāvṛttākārollekhyeva vikalpaḥ saṃvedyate, na sajātīyavyāvṛttollekhī . tulyaviṣayāśca vikalpaiḥ śabdā ityanyāpohaviṣayāsta ucyante .. ### [2.1.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.133) so'yamāropitākāro na bahiḥ, āropitatvādeva . nāntaḥ, abodharūpatvāt . ataścāsau na kiṃcideva . na kiṃcidapi bhavan apoha iti phalata upacaryate . ataśca bāhyamapohamāśritya dūṣaṇopanyāse kaṇṭha śoṣamanubhavan asthāne kliṣṭo devānāṃpiyaḥ .. ### [2.1.134](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.134) api ca vikalpabhūmiḥ arthaḥ vikalpāntarasannidhāpitabhāvābhāvākṣepī niyatarūpo bāhyasadṛśaśca pratīyate . na cedaṃ rūpatrayamapi bāhye vastuni yujyate . bāhyasya hi vastunaḥ svarūpeṇāvagatasya na vikalpāntaropanītabhāvasambandha upapadyate, vaiyarthyāt . nāpyabhāvasambandhaḥ, vipratiṣedhāt . niyatarūpatā ca vikalpaviṣayasya gaureva, nāśvaḥ ityevamavagamyamānā vastvantaravyavacchedamantareṇa nāvakalpata iti balāt vyavacchedaviṣayatvam . anyathā niyamaparicchedāsaṃbhavāt . sandigdhaṃ ca vastu na gṛhyate .. ### [2.1.135](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.135) evaṃ bāhyavastuviṣayatve ca niraste vikalpānāṃ ekasyārthasvabhāvasya iti nyāyena pu. 14 paunaruktyādabāhyaviṣayatvaṃ khyāyyam . abāhyaṃ cāropitaṃ rūpam . tacca bāhyavadavabhāsate . na ca vyāvṛtticchāyamapahāya bāhyāropitayoḥ sādṛśyamanyadastīti vyāvṛttiviṣayā eva vikalpāḥ phalato bhavanti .. ### [2.1.136](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.136) yadyapi vidhirūpeṇa gauraśva iti teṣāṃ pravṛttiḥ; tathāpi nītivido'nyāpohaviṣayāneva tān vyavasthāpayanti . yathoktaṃ vyākhyātāraḥ khalvevaṃ vivecayanti, na vyavahartāraḥ iti . so'yaṃ nāntaraḥ, na bāhyaḥ; anya eva kaścidāropita ākāro vyāvṛtticchāyāyogādapohaśabdartha ucyate —itīyamasatkhyātivādagarbhā saraṇiḥ .. ### [2.1.137](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.137) athavā vikalpapratibimbakaṃ jñānākāramātrakameva tadabāhyamapi vicitravāsanābhedopāhitarūpabhedaṃ bāhyavadavabhāsamānaṃ lokayātrāṃ bibharti . vyāvṛtticchāyāyogācca tadapoha iti vyavahiyate . seyamātmakhyātigarbhā saraṇiḥ .. ### [2.1.138](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.138) nanu ! ubhayathā'pi vastuviṣayatvābhāve vikalpānāṃ kathaṃ vastuni vyavahartāraḥ pravartante ? dṛṣṭe'pi kvacidvastuni tṛṇādau pravṛttyabhāvāt . arthitvaṃ tu pravṛtteḥ kāraṇam .. ### [2.1.139](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.139) nanu ! arthitāvat darśanamapi kāraṇameva . arthino'pyapaśyatastatra pravṛttyabhāvāt . apohapakṣe ca pravṛttasya vastuprāptiḥ kathamiti vaktavyam —ucyate—pravṛttistāvat dṛśyavikalpyayoḥ ekīkaraṇanibandhanā pra-saṃ. 69 . dṛśyadarśanānantaramutpanne vikalpe vikalpatayā na pratipadyate pramātā . darśanānantaryavipralabdhastu dṛśyameva gṛhītaṃ manyate . tadabhimānena ca pravartate . idaṃ tadekīkaraṇamāhuḥ, dṛśyavikalyayorbhedena vastuno dṛśyāt vikalpo yanna gṛhyate; na punaḥ bhinnayorabhedādhyavasāya ekīkaraṇa miṣyate . dṛśyādvibhinnasya vikalpyasya śukteriva rajatasya nirdeṣṭumaśakyatvāt . abhedādhyavasāye copāyābhāvāt . nābhedādhyavasāye darśanamupāyaḥ, vikalpāviṣayatvāt . na vikalpaḥ, dṛśyaviṣayatvāt . tasmāt bhedānadhyavasāyādeva pravṛttiḥ .. ### [2.1.140](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.140) prāptirapi dṛśyasyaivārthakriyākāriṇo vastunaḥ, pāraṃparyeṇa tanmūlatvātkāryaprabandhasya . dṛśyāddarśanaṃ, tato vikalpaḥ, tataḥ pravṛttiriti . arthaṃ hi mūlavartinamupalabhya pravartamānastamāpnoti . apavarakanihitamaṇiprasṛtāyāṃ kuñcikāvivaranirgatāyāmiva prabhāyāṃ maṇibudhyā pravartamānaḥ . yatra tu mūle'pyartho nāsti, tatra vyāmohāt pravartamānaḥ vipralabhyata eva, dīpaprabhāyāmiva tathaiva maṇibuddhyā pravartamānaḥ .. ### [2.1.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.141) evaṃ ca bāhyavastusaṃsparśaśūnyeṣvapi vikalpeṣu samullikhiteṣu bāhyo'rtho mayā pratipannaḥ, tatra cāhaṃ pravṛttaḥ, sa ca mayā prāptaḥ, ityabhimāno bhavati laukikānām . na tvayamarthādhyavasāyamūlaḥ . taduktaṃ yathā'dhyavasāyamatattvāt, yathā tattvaṃ cānadhyavasāyāt iti . svapratibhāse'narthe'rthādhyavasāyāt pravṛttiḥ ityatrāpi granthe arthādhyavasāyaḥ bhedānadhyavasāya eva vyākhyeyaḥ . evaṃ dṛśyavikalpyāvathau ekīkṛtya pravartate, prāpnoti cārthamiti .. ### [2.1.142](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.142) tadevameva lokasya vyavahāro'bakalpate . vivekināpi boḍhavyā lokayātrā ca lokavat .. ### [2.1.143](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.143) tasmādvikalpapratibimbakasya śabdārthatāmāhurapohanāmnaḥ . pratītimārgastvavivicyamānaḥ janasya jātibhramamātanoti .. ### [2.1.144](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.144) yāvāṃśca kaściṃnniyamaprakāraḥ pravartate jātiṣu vṛttyavṛttyoḥ . tāvānapoheṣvapi tulya eva bhavatyavastutvakṛtastu bhedaḥ .. ### [2.1.145](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.145) tulye'pi bhede, śamane jvarādeḥ kāścidyathaivauṣadhayaḥ samarthāḥ . sāmānyaśūnyā api tadvadeva syurvyaktayaḥ kāryaviśeṣaśaktāḥ .. ### [2.1.146](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.146) viśeṣaṇādivyavahārakḷptiḥ tucche'pyapohe na na yujyate naḥ . ataśca mā kāri bhavadbhireṣā jātyākṛtivyaktipadārthacintā .. ### [2.1.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.147) —siddhāntaḥ— ### [2.1.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.148) atrābhidhīyate—kiṃ jātyāderbāhyasya śabdārthasyāsattvāt apohapakṣapātaḥ ? uta pratītibalādeva ? iti .. ### [2.1.149](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.149) pratītistāvat apohaviṣayā bhavadbhireva nāṅgīkṛteti kimatra kalahena .. ### [2.1.150](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.150) nāpi jātyāderasattvam, indriyārthasannikarṣotpannabādhasandeharahitapratya yagamyatvāt, svalakṣaṇavat .. ### [2.1.151](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.151) ādyameva hi vijñānaṃ arthasaṃsparśi cākṣuṣam . na taduttarabhāvīti kimidaṃ rājaśāsanam .. ### [2.1.152](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.152) tadevāstu pramāṇaṃ vā, tenāpi tvavagamyate . vyāvṛttaṃ vastuno rūpaṃ nānugāmīti kā pramā ? ### [2.1.153](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.153) tathāhi—nirvikalpakakālasyātisūkṣmatvāt kiṃ pratibhāsate ? kiṃ na pratibhāsate ? iti kathameṣa kalirāvayorupaśāmyatu ! bhavān brūte— vyāvṛttameva bhātīti . ahaṃ bruve—anuvṛttamapi pratibhātīti . evaṃ kalahāyamānayorāvayoḥ kaḥ paricchedaḥ ? na khalu śapathasya, krośapātasya vaiṣaviṣayaḥ . tasmāt nirvikalpakānantarotpannasthūlakālakāryaparyālocanayā tadvyavasthā kartavyā .. ### [2.1.154](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.154) tatra ca— ### [2.1.155](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.155) bhavedyadi viśeṣaikaviṣayaṃ nirvikalpakam . sāmānyādhyavasāyo'yaṃ akasmātkathamudbhavet .. ### [2.1.156](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.156) śābda eṣa vikalpa iti cet—maivam— ### [2.1.157](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.157) paśyatyanugataṃ rūpaṃ avijñāte'pi vācake . dākṣiṇātya ivākasmāt paśyannuṣṭraparaṃparām .. ### [2.1.158](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.158) anavagataśabdārthasambandho'pyabhinavānekapadārthasannidhāne teṣāmanugataṃ ca vyāvṛttaṃ ca paśyatyeva rūpam .. ### [2.1.159](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.159) api ca prathamākṣisannipāta evāṅgulicatuṣṭayamavalokyamānaṃ anyo nyagāminā ca rūpeṇāvagamyate . tatkathaṃ kevalaviśeṣābalambī cākṣuṣaḥ pratyayaḥ ? ### [2.1.160](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.160) api ca purāṇaśābaleyapiṇḍamavalokayataḥ kālāntare bāhuleyaṃ piṇḍaṃ paśyataḥ pūrdadṛṣṭaśābaleyapiṇḍaviṣayaṃ smaraṇamutpadyamānaṃ saṃvedyate . tasmāt sāmānyānavagamo nopapadyate . anyasminnasādhāraṇe svalakṣaṇe dṛṣṭe'nyasmāraṇasya kiṃ vartate ? asti ca tat . tena manyāmahe dṛṣṭamubhayānugata rūpamiti .. ### [2.1.161](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.161) kiṃca vyaktyantaradarśane'pi sa evāyaṃ gauriti pratyabhijñāyate . tasyāśca prāmāṇyaṃ darśitam; darśayiṣyate ca vistarataḥ kṣaṇabhaṅgabhaṅge . tasmāt anugatarūpaviṣayaiva sā pratyabhijñā, vyaktibhedasya vispaṣṭasiddhatvāt .. ### [2.1.162](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.162) yatra ca laghutaraparimāṇatilamudgādipracayasannidhāne vicchinna sikthasvalakṣaṇaṃ nāsti, tatrānuvṛttameva rūpamindriyeṇa gṛhyate . ataḥ nirvikalpakavelāyāmeva vyāvṛttavat anugatarūpāvabhāsānna sāmānyāpahnavo yuktaḥ . prathamākṣasannipāte'pi tulyatvamavagamyate nānātvaṃ ceti sāmānya bhedau dvāvapi vāstavau .. ### [2.1.163](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.163) sāmānyamidamityevaṃ kutastatrānupagrahaḥ ? vyāvṛttamidamityevaṃ kiṃ vā buddhiḥ svalakṣaṇe ? ### [2.1.164](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.164) samānavṛttisāpekṣaṃ na ca sāmānyavedanam . tatra sannihitatvāttu vyaktivannānupagrahaḥ .. ### [2.1.165](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.165) samānavṛttyapekṣatvāt sāmānyasyānupagrahe . viśeṣo'pi hi mā grāhi vyāvṛttiṃ sa hyapekṣate .. ### [2.1.166](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.166) anuvṛttirhi yeṣvasya kā teṣāṃ grahaṇe gatiḥ ? vyāvṛttirapi yebhyo'sya yā teṣāṃ grahaṇe gatiḥ .. ### [2.1.167](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.167) athānuvṛttivyāvṛttinairapekṣyeṇa kevalam . vastveva gṛhyate kāmaṃ, kīdṛk taditi kathyatām .. ### [2.1.168](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.168) nirvikalpakavelāyāṃ nirdeṣṭuṃ tanna śakyate . tadutthāstūbhayatrāpi sākṣyaṃ dadati niścayāḥ .. ### [2.1.169](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.169) vastuno'ṅgīkṛtā prājñaiḥ ata evobhayātmatā . yau brūtastvekarūpatvaṃ tāvubhāvapi bāliśau .. ### [2.1.170](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.170) yadapyabhihitam—itaretaraviruddharūpasamāveśa ekatra vastuni nopapadyata iti—tadapi na samyak .. ### [2.1.171](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.171) parasparavirodho'pi nāstīha tadavedanāt . ekabādhena nānyatra dhīḥ śuktirajatādivat .. ### [2.1.172](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.172) yatra hi virodho bhavati, tatraikatararūpopamardena rūpāntaramupalabhyate . prakṛte tu naivamiti ko virodhārthaḥ ? ### [2.1.173](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.173) chāyātapāvapi yadyekatra dṛśyete, kiṃ kena viruddhamabhidhīyeta ? adarśanāttu tadviruddhamuktam . na caivamihādarśanamityavirodhaḥ .. ### [2.1.174](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.174) ata eveha mithyātvaṃ eti nānyatarā matiḥ . na hyanyonyopamardena buddhidvitayasaṃbhavaḥ .. ### [2.1.175](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.175) tathā cāha—ślo. vā. 1-1-5, ākṛtivāde, ślo. 57 ### [2.1.176](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.176) yathā kalmāṣavarṇasya yatheṣṭa varṇaniścayaḥ . citratvāt, vastuno'pyevaṃ bhedābhedāvadhāraṇā iti .. ### [2.1.177](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.177) ityevamavirodhena bhedābhedāvadhāraṇāt . ubhayātmakataivāstu vastūnāṃ bhaṭṭapakṣavat .. ### [2.1.178](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.178) etattu vṛttivikalpādibhyaḥ bibhyatevābhyuparataṃ tatrabhavateti tiṣṭhatu tāvat, kimatra vimardena ! ### [2.1.179](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.179) vyaktivyatiriktaiva jātiḥ vyaktiṣu vartata iti brumaḥ .. ### [2.1.180](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.180) yacca vṛttivikalpādidūṣaṇaṃ tatra varṇitam . tat pratyakṣamahimnaiva sarvaṃ pratihataṃ bhavet .. ### [2.1.181](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.181) yattāvadavādi—bhedena kuvalayāmalakādivat anavabhāsanāditi—tatra pratītibhedo darśita p. 7 eva .. ### [2.1.182](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.182) yattu deśabhedenāgrahaṇāt, tadagrahe tadbradhyabhāvāditi p. 7 tatra tadāśritatvaṃ kāraṇaṃ jāteḥ, na tvasattvam . vyaktivṛttitvājjāteḥ pṛthagdeśatayā'nupalambhaḥ, tadagrahe tadagraho vā; na punastavatiriktāyā abhāvādeveti .. ### [2.1.183](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.183) yadapyuktaṃ p. 7 vṛttyanupapatteriti, tatrāpyucyate—pratipiṇḍaṃ kārtsnyena jātirvartata iti . piṇḍāntare tadupalambho na syāditi cet, kiṃ kurmaḥ ? kamupalabhāmahe ? piṇḍāntare'pi tadupalambho'styeva . kathaṃ ca bhavantamenaṃ nihnumahe ? ekadeśāstu jāterna santyeva, yairasyā vartanaṃ brūmaḥ .. ### [2.1.184](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.184) kvedamanyatra dṛṣṭaṃ cet, aho nipuṇatā tava ! dṛṣṭāntaṃ yācase yastvaṃ pratyakṣe'pyanumānavat .. ### [2.1.185](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.185) kiṃnāmadheyaiṣā vṛttiriti cet, na nāmadheyaṃ asyā jānīmaḥ . piṇḍasamavetā jātirityetāvadeva pracakṣmahe .. ### [2.1.186](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.186) nanu ! ayutasiddhayoḥ sambandhaḥ samavāyaḥ . sa ca vipratiṣedhādeva nirastaḥ p. 8—na śakyate nirasitum— ### [2.1.187](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.187) pratītibhedādbhedo'sti deśabhedastu neṣyate . tenātra kalpyate vṛttiḥ samavāyaḥ sa ucyate .. ### [2.1.188](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.188) avayavāvayavinoḥ, guṇaguṇinośceyameva vṛttiḥ . tayorarthāntaratvamupariṣṭāddarśayiṣyate . darśitaṃ ca amunaiva mārgeṇa deśabhedaśca tayornāstīti vispaṣṭamayutasiddhatvam .. ### [2.1.189](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.189) yadapyucyate p.-8a— nāniṣpannasya sambandhaḥ, niṣpattau yutasiddhatā iti—tadapi parihṛtamācāryaiḥ jātaṃ ca sambaddhaṃ cetyekaḥ kālaḥ iti vadadbhiḥ . sarvaṃ caitadabādhitapratītibalāt kalpyate, na svaśāstraparibhāṣayā .. ### [2.1.190](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.190) vibhūnāmapi sambandhaḥ parasparamasaṃbhavādeva neṣyate, na svaśāstra paribhāṣaṇāt . na saṃyogaḥ, teṣāmaprāpterabhāvāt . aprāptipūrvikā hi prāptiḥ saṃyogaḥ . na samavāyaḥ, tadāśritasya tasyānupalaṃbhādityalaṃ prasaṅgena ! ### [2.1.191](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.191) ye ceha vṛttī sraksūtrabhūtakaṇṭhaguṇādiṣu . jātyādīnāmanaṃśatvāt tābhyāṃ vṛttirvilakṣaṇā .. ### [2.1.192](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.192) tasmāt vṛttyanupapatterityadūṣaṇam .. ### [2.1.193](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.193) yadapi sarvagatatvaṃ piṇḍagatatvaṃ ca vikalpya dūṣitam p. 8b tadapi yatkiñcit . yathā pratītirādiśati bhagavatī, tathā vayamabhyupagacchāmaḥ .. ### [2.1.194](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.194) sarvasarvagatā jātiriti tābadupeyate . sarvatrāgrahaṇaṃ tasyāḥ vyaṃjakavyaktyasannidheḥ .. ### [2.1.195](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.195) vyaktirvyajakatāmeti jāterdṛṣṭyaiva nānyathā . dṛṣṭiryatra yadā vyakteḥ tadā tatraiva tanmatiḥ .. ### [2.1.196](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.196) sarvatra vidyate jātiḥ na tu sarvatra dṛśyate . tadabhivyaṃjikā yatra vyaktistatraiva dṛśyate .. ### [2.1.197](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.197) vyakteranyatra sattve 'sya kiṃ pramāṇaṃ ? taducyate . ihāpyānīyamānāyāṃ gavi gotvopalambhanam .. ### [2.1.198](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.198) gopiṇḍena sahaitasyāḥ na cāgamanasaṃbhavaḥ . dehenevātmanastasmāt ihāpyastitvamiṣyatām .. ### [2.1.199](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.199) abhivyaktistu tatkālā yatkālaṃ vyaktidarśanam . tasmāt sakṛdabhivyaktā nānyadā'pi pratīyate .. ### [2.1.200](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1.200) abhivyaktiśca taddeśā yaddeśā vyaktirikṣyate . tasmāttasmādabhivyaktā na deśe'nyatra dṛśyate .. _First 200 of 732 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1)_ ## Commentaries (1) - [Nyāyamañjarīgranthibhaṅga](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari!granthibhanga.54.7.1) — Cakradhara, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (11) - [Śṛṅgāraprakāśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.rasa.srngaraprakasa.5.p2.19) — Bhoja, Sanskrit - [Pramāṇavārttika (ed. Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.pramanavarttika*sankrtyayana.3.52) — Sanskrit - [Vulgate (Nīlakaṇṭha's text)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa*vulgate.12.211.10) — Sanskrit - [With Śaṅkara's bhāṣya (Sansknet input)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra!sankara!ratnaprabha*withbhasya.1.380.2) — Sanskrit - [Tattvasaṅgraha (ed. Krishnamacharya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.tattvasamgraha*krishnamacharya.2.2.7.2) — Sanskrit - [Edition by Sukhlalji Sanghavi and Jinavijaya (1949)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.hetubindu!arcata*sanghavi.24.2) — Sanskrit - [Nyāyaratnamālā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.mimamsa.bhatta.nyayaratnamala.4.5) — Pārthasārathi Miśra, Sanskrit - [Pramāṇanirṇaya (Vādirāja)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.pramana.pramananirnaya.5.23) — Vādirāja, Sanskrit - [Vedāntakaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.vedantakaumudi.3.p165) — Vallabha Deva, Sanskrit - [Vedāntakaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.sastra.vedantakaumudi.3.p165) — Rāmadvaya, Sanskrit - [Utpādasiddhi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.pramana.utpadasiddhi.7.1-3.9) — Candrasena, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.1) · Pramāṇa