[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyayasutroddhara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra) › 4.2 # Nyayasutra 4.2 Nyāyasūtroddhāra 4.2 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.4.2) chalādibhiḥ sādhanamupālambho vā yatra sa tathoktaḥ | chalādibhistu pravartanaṃ saduttarāparisphūtau koṭibhaṅgabhiyā śākhāntarasaṅkramaṇāya | bāhyairavikṣiptaistattvadharmairjhaṭiti saduttarāparisphuraṇe tattvasaṃrakṣaṇāya ca boddhavyam | evaṃ ca vādavyavacchede'pi na kevalaṃ chalādibhirevātra vyavahriyate kintu pramāṇatarkābhyāmapīti jñāpanārthaṃ yathoktopapanna iti | yathoktenopapannena yogyena upapanno arthito yathoktopapanna iti madhyamapadalopī samāsau-mṛgākṣīpadavat | tathā ca vādalakṣaṇo- nāmuktagrāhyāṇāmalābhe tṛtīyakakṣāsthito vādī prativādinaḥ sthāpanāṃ hetvābhāsena dūṣayati | evaṃ kakṣāntare'pi pūrvapūrveṣāṃ dūṣaṇānāmanāvatāre uttarottareṣāmudbhāvanamanyathānavasaragrahānnigrahānuyojyānuyogaḥ syāt | hetvābhāsānāṃ tu pratijñāhānyādibhiḥ sahoktagrāhyatvenāviśeṣe'pyarthadoṣatve praṇidhānagamyatayā caramamanusandhānamiti draṣṭavyam | - [Previous: 4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.4.1) - [Next: 4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.4.3) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.4) ## Linked texts (1) - [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.1.2.1.p1) — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.4.2) · Pramāṇa