[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Anvikshanayatattvabodha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana) › 1.2 # Nyayasutra 1.2 Anvīkṣānayatattvabodha 1.2 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2.1) yadyapi yathāśrutaṃ sūtramagamakam; sādhamryavaidhamryasamādityasya vidheyasyoddeśyākāṅkṣāyāḥ, vākye ca kriyāpadamantareṇāparyavasyati, tadapekṣāyāḥ, taddharmopapatteriti viśeṣaṇapadasya viśeṣyākāṅkṣāyāśca sattvāt | yadvā 'pratyavasthānam' ityekavacanāntasyaiva viśeṣe'nvayaḥ | āvṛttyā ca vaidharmyasame'pyanvayaḥ | sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa copasaṃhāre 'sthāpanāyāṃ satyāṃ' iti viṣayanirdeśaḥ 1| tāvanmātrañca sarvajātisādhāraṇamiti sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāmityāvartanīyam | tathā ca sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānamiti labhyate | na ca sāmānyalakṣaṇasthaṃ tadapyanuvartanīyam | ananyagatyā tathā sthāpanāt | na ca mānāntareṇa tathā sthāpanāyāṃ jātyuttarāvyāptiḥ | kathāyāṃ sarveṣāmeva mānānāmatra mānacchāyayaivopanyāsa ityananyugamāt | upasaṃhāra ityeva viṣayanirdeśe sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthāne ityanvayaḥ | taddharmaviparyayopapatterityatra tacchabdena prāguktasādharmyavaidharmyaparāmarśo svarūpāsiddhideśanābhāse ime jātī syātām | vakṣyamāṇapaṃktyā ca satpratipakṣadeśanābhāse ime itye0 \[va\]| ityupasaṃhāra dharmopasthitasya sādhyasya parāmarśaḥ | evamapi taddharmaviparyayopapatteriti pañcamīnirdeśe bādhadeśanābhāse ime syātāmiti | tatpadaṃ ṣaṣṭhyantaṃ pramāṇāntarāt ma prati2......deśanābhāsatve jñāte sambandhatvena tādarthyasya ṣaṣṭhyābhidhānam | tādarthyena tu rūpeṇa tadabhidheyatve caturthyeva syāt | ṭīkāyāñca kṛti padapūraṇena ṣaṣṭhyeva dyotyate | na tu tādarthyavāci kṛtiśabdādhyāhāraḥ, gauravāt | ### [1.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2.2) gatyantarasmṛteva tādarthyarūpatā vākyārthabuddhau viṣaya ityasya śabdādhyāhāraprastāve nirāsāt | tasya sādhyasya viparyayo vyatirekastadupapattiḥ sattāvagatiḥ | āvartitapadena sādharmyavaidharmyasamaviti lakṣyapadasya yathāsaṃkhyamanvayaḥ | tādarthyamātreṇa 3...... \[tadbhāva\] siddhi paryantasyāvivakṣayā satpratipakṣadeśanābhāsatvaṃ sūcitam | yadyapyuddiśyapratyavasthānapadapuraskāre napuṃsakatvaṃ, jātiviśeṣyatve strīliṅgaṃ sūcitam | tathāpi sādharmyavaidharmyasamau pratiṣedhāvityanvayāt pulliṃganirdeśaḥ | niranuyojyānuyogaviśeṣatayā jāteḥ pratiṣedharūpatvāt | tena pratyavasthānasya svapakṣasthāpanāparapakṣapratiṣedhātmakatatvā \[t\] 00 \[dvitī\]yasūtrabhāgasya sthāpanāsādhāraṇyepyuttarakakṣāpātitā labhyate | yadyapi jātipadaṃ saṃjñātvāt 'ktic ktauca saṃjñāyām' \[pā0 sū0 3| 174|\] iti sūtreṇa ktic pratyayāntaṃ • puliṅgameva yuktamiti nādhyāhārāpekṣā | tannāpyā......tannāpyanuvartate | prakṛte ca nāśā......iti na tatsambhavaḥ | ataeva ### [1.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2.3) vāco yuktiḥ | tadanayoḥ sādhakasārūpyāsādhakavairūpyayordarśanaṃ dvāram | sthāpanāhetudūṣyaḥ, satpratipakṣatvamāropyam | vādimadhyasthayoḥ tadbhrāntiḥ phalaṃ kāraṇayuktam | abuddhipūrvakaprayoge pramādo, buddhipūrve pratibhākṣaye, mayi vadati kaḥ śakta iti svaprauḍhiriti \[0prauḍhikhyā0\] khyāpayiṣā vā'vasaraḥ | duṣṭatvamūlantu sādhāraṇam | nānārūpo vakṣyamāṇo vyāghātaḥ | asādhāraṇamatra yuktāṅgahīnatvam, sādhanayuktasyāṅgasyāvyāpterhānāt | ayuktāṅgādhikatvaṃ sādharmyamārabhyāyuktasyāṅgatvopagamāt | aviṣayavṛttitvañcāsatpratipakṣa eva | satpratipakṣodbhāvanātū | kecidaviṣayavṛttitvaṃ yuktāṅgahānāvantarbhūtam | pratirodhaṃ pratiyuktasyāṅgasya samānabalatvasyāvadhāraṇāt | hānirastvanumānapakṣe pratibandhavirahāt | sādharmyarūpatāmātrapratirodhakatvāṅgīkārāt | mānāntarapakṣatvaprāmāṇyaparicchedādityāhuḥ | 5| yuktāṅgahīnatvapradarśanānumānayoḥ pratyuttaraṃ sūtram- ### [1.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2.4) 2\] ca śabdo'nitya aindriyakatvādityukte sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityamiti nitya evāstviti, hetūpādānamudāharaṇamātrapradarśanāya | na tu heturapi lakṣaṇe vivakṣitaḥ | sūtre pratidṛṣṭāntamātraśruteḥ | kiṃ punarutthānabījamata, nahi yuktyābhāsamapyapratibandhāya, pratidṛṣṭāntamātreṇa bādhapratirodhāvabhidhātumarhati | evaṃ manyate jātivādī | udāharaṇena prādhānyena sādhyamucyate, sādhanamupasarjanatveneti | 'tathā cāya'mityupanayena sarvanāmnā dāṣṭantike pradhānasya pratyavamarśādvaitvabhidhānamanaṅga \[m\] | pradhānameva sarvanāmnā parāmṛśyata iti vyutpatteḥ | nahi caitro yathā dīrghaḥ, tathā maitraḥ khaṅga iti, kintu tathā dīrgha iti | tadvad yathā ghaṭo'nityaḥ, tathā śabdo'nitya ityatideṣṭavyam; na tu yathā ghaṭo nityaḥ, tathā śabdo \[a\] kṛtaka iti | ## Linked texts (1) - [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.2) — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2) · Pramāṇa