[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Nyayabhashya (complete text)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete) › 11.4 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 11.4 Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 11.4 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [11.4.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p1) atha tatpūrvakaṃ trividhamanumānaṃ pūrvavaccheṣavatsāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ ca ||1|1|5|| ### [11.4.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p2) || pariśuddhiḥ|| ### [11.4.p3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p3) sūtraṃ paṭhati| vyākhyātumiti śeṣaḥ| sūtrāvatāramātramasahamānaṃ pratyāha---atreti| sādharmyeṇa hi niyamavateti ### [11.4.p4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p4) śeṣaḥ| upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat| vaidharmyeṇetyapi draṣṭavyam| aprāmāṇyavidhānaṃ prāmāṇyaniṣedha eva| nāpratyakṣaṃ pramāṇamityanena hi viśeṣaniṣedhena kaṇṭhataḥ anumānaprāmāṇyaniṣedho'rthataḥ pratyakṣaprāmāṇyavidhiśca vivakṣitaḥ| na caitadubhayamapi pramāṇam antareṇa sidhyati| na cātra pratyakṣameva prabhavatīti cintitamādivākye| nāpi śabdopamāne, svapratyaye tayoranavakāśāt, parapratyaye'pi dharmyasiddheḥ| siddhāvapi parasyāptatvāniścayāt| tasmādatīndriyavidhiniṣedhayoranumānamanaḍgīkṛtyāśakyatvādaśakyāpahnavamanumānamityarthaḥ| dṛṣṭasādharmyaṃ ca niyatamiti śeṣaḥ| kathaṃ tenaiva tasyāprāmāṇyamiti vyāghātamātraṃ vivakṣitam? tenāyamarthaḥ---yadyanu mānamapramāṇam, kathaṃ tenaiva vidhiniṣedhasiddhiḥ? atha tena vidhiniṣedhasiddhiḥ, kathaṃ tasyāprāmāṇyamiti? kiṃ cānumānamanaḍgīkṛtya parapratyāyanāya śabdaprayogo'pyayamaśakyaḥ---paravedanapratipatterava tadantareṇāśakyatvāt| na cet parapratyāyanam, nūnamaunmattyamāviṣkaroti vakturityāha---api ceti|| ### [11.4.p5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p5) sūtre vibhāgo'pyastīti vyavacchidyāha--lakṣaṇasūtratātparyamāheti| syādetadativyāpakamiti| atrāvyāpakaṃ cetyapi draṣṭavyam, ata ubhayavyutpādanopasaṃhāravirodhaḥ| vigrahatrayapradarśanaṃ vigrahatrayaṃ draṣṭavyamityarthaḥ| vyāptismṛtisahāyād dvitīyaliṅgadarśanādevānumitisiddheralaṃ tṛtīyaliṅgadarśanakalpanayeti yathāśrutabhāṣyānusāriṇaḥ tān risyati na ceti|| ### [11.4.p6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p6) sa eṣa saṃskārodbodhamadhikamabhyupagacchato doṣa uktaḥ| yastu sahakārilābhādanyo na kaścidudbodho nāmeti manyate, taṃ pratyāha--vinaśyadavasthasyeti| na hi vyāptismaraṇamātrādanumitiḥ, nāpi liṅgadarśanamātrāt| kiṃ tarhi? ### [11.4.p7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p7) vyāptiviśiṣṭaliṅgadarśanāt| na ca vyāptiviśiṣṭaṃ liṅgamekaikasyobhayasya vā gocaraḥ, kiṃ tu svatantramubhayamubhayasya| na ca svatantrobhayajñāne'pi viśiṣṭajñānaṃ bhavati| tadidamuktam--parasparavārtānabhijñatayā svatantrasvasvaviṣayaparyavasitatayā| mitho ghaṭanāyogo viśiṣṭapratyayayoga ityarthaḥ| na ca svatantrametadubhayamekātmasamavāyamātreṇānumiti bhāvayiṣyatīti vācyam| dvitīyaliṅgadarśanaṃ hi vasatugatyā liṅgaviṣayamityetāvataiva vyāptismṛteḥ sahakāriliṅgatvarūpollekhitayā vā? na tāvadādyaḥ, dūrād dhūmaviṣayavastutvajñānasyāpi prakārāntarāyātavyāptismṛtiṃ prati sahakāritvaprasaḍgāt| dvitīyastu dvitīyaliṅgadarśane ### [11.4.p8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p8) nāstyeva| tadidamuktam--vṛttyā salvayaṃ ghaṭayet, vyāpāreṇa na rūpato nobhayasamavāyitāmātreṇātiprasaḍgāditi|| ### [11.4.p9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p9) tasmāt liṅgatvollekhi tṛtīyaṃ liṅgadarśanamāstheyamittyāha--tasmāditi| iha tādātmyatadutpattisvarūpādiniścaye pratibandhaniścayastadā na syāt yadi te eva pratibandhaḥ, tābhyāṃ samānopāyo vā pratibandhaḥ, tayoreva vā pratibandhaparyavasānam, te eva vā pratibandhaniścayopāyaḥ| tatropāyatvaṃ sahacārāvasāye vā, vyabhicāraśaḍkānirāse vā, vyabhicāraśaḍkāpyupādhidarśanād vā, upādhiśaṅkayā vā, bhūyo bhūyaḥ sahacaritayoḥ apyulabdhayoḥ kayościdarthayorvyabhicārānusandhānamātreṇa veti? tatra ca sahacārāvasāyaḥ tāvadindriyasannikarṣādhīnotpattiḥ tadutpattyaniścaye'pi vahnidhūmayoḥ sidhyati, vyabhicāraśaḍkāpi darśanayogyopādhyadhīnā yogyānupalambhabādhādeva nirastā| atīndriyāstu upādhayaḥ anyatra pramāṇaparidṛṣṭāḥ śaḍkitā api yathā nivartante, tathā vakṣyāmaḥ| pramāṇapathānavatīrṇopādhiśaḍkā tu tadutpattiniścayamapyāskandatīti kathaṃ sā ### [11.4.p10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p10) tena nivartanīyetyāha--atrocyata iti| sahacaritayorvyabhicāradarśanamātreṇa tu vyabhicāraśaḍkā kāryakāraṇayorapi samānā, tadutpattilakṣaṇaviśeṣasiddhau vipakṣe bādhakapramāṇavṛttyā śaḍgānivṛttiriti yadi, tadāsmākamapi svābhāvikasaṃbandhasiddhau vipakṣe bādhakapramāṇavṛttyaiva śaḍkānivṛttiriti samaḥ samādhiḥ| viśeṣastu svābhāvikasaṃbandhasya vyāpakatvam, avyāpakatvaṃ tu tadutpattyāderityāha--api ceti| tadidamuktam--sa ca yo vā sa veti| na ca samānopāyatvādubhayoranyatarāniścaye nānyataraniścaya iti sāmpratam, pratibandhāniścaye'pi hutāśabhasmanoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvāvadhāraṇāt| kāryakāraṇabhāvāniścaye'pi dhāmadhūmayoḥ pratibandhāvabodhāt| yadanatītameva vahnimanumimata ityāha--api ca kāryāditi| tayoreva pratibandhaḥ paryavasyatīti pakṣaṃ nirācaṣṭe--api ca rasāditi|| ### [11.4.p11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p11) yattu bhede sati vyāpyavyāpakābhāva eva kāryakāraṇabhāva eva kāryakāraṇabhāva iti vyudapādi prajñākareṇa tat pāpādapi pāpīyaḥ| tathā hi niyāmakavirahe bhinnāyoravyabhicāraḥ śaḍkākalaḍkāḍkitatvāt duravadhāraṇa iti tāmapanetuṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvo'nenopanītaḥ, sa ced rūpa eva kathaṃ tanniścayenaivāvyabhicāraniścayaḥ? ### [11.4.p12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p12) na caitat kīrteranumataṃ yad rasena rūpānumāne'nyathābhyupāyamāha--yadi ca sarvalokasiddhamativāhya svayaṃkṛtalakṣaṇairvyavahāraḥ, tadā bhede satītyetadapi parihīyatām| avyabhicāramātraṃ tadutpattirityevāstu| laghu caivaṃ sati lakṣaṇaṃ syāt| tadātmano'pi etadastīti cet? astu śiśapāpi vṛkṣakāryam| kathaṃ tenaiva tatkartavyamiti cet? ko doṣaḥ? asiddhaṃ siddhena sādhyate, natu tadeva siddhamasiddhaṃ ceti cet? hantaivamanāgatamapi kathaṃ vyāpakatāmātreṇa kāraṇamasiddhatvāt? vartamānamapi kathaṃ vyāpyatāmātreṇa kāryaṃ siddhatvāt? evaṃ samānakāle'pi kathamavinābhāvamātreṇa kāryakāraṇabhūte, asiddhāvasthāyāmubhayorapyasādhakatvāviśeṣāt, siddhāvasthāyāmubhayorapyasādhyatvāviśeṣāt? tasmāt pūrvakālabhāvaniyamaḥ kāraṇatvaṃ kaścādbhāvitāniyamaḥ kāryatvam| avinābhāvastu niyamamātramityeva jyāyaḥ|| ### [11.4.p13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p13) api ca rasarūpayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaniścayo vahnidhūmayoriva pratyakṣānupalambhasādhyo vā syāt, kṣaṇabhaṅgasiddhau pu\*jāt pu\*jāntarotpāttiriti nyāyena vā? ādyastāvat kṣaṇayoraśakya eva, tayoreva pratyakṣānārohāt| tatra tasyāniścāyakatvāt, santānayorapi duravabodhaḥ| na hi vahneriva rūpasya pūrvakālatāniyamaṃ dhūmasyeva rasasya praścādbhāvitāniyamaṃ laukikāḥ pratipadyante| kṣaṇabhaṅgasiddhinyāyastu na laukika iti vastuto laukikānāṃ rasato rūpānumānaṃ na syādityāha---laukikānāṃ cedamiti|| ### [11.4.p14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p14) api ca ityanena te eva pratibandha iti nirastam| tādātmyaṃ tu gamyagamakabhāve pratyuta viruddhamityāha--api ceti| na hi tadeva karma niśceyam, kartṛ ca svaniścayena niścāyakaṃ ca, niścitāniścitayoḥ parasparavirodhādityarthaḥ| bhavatvabhede'pi gamyagamakabhāvaḥ, tathāpi na śiśapātvena vṛkṣatvānumānamanavasaradusthātvāt| na hyasti saṃbhavaḥ sāmānyamaniścitaṃ niścitastu viśeṣa ityāśaḍkya kenacit samarthitam utthāpya dūṣayati---yatviti| bhinnayoreva vyāvṛttyorgamyagamakabhāvaḥ kiṃ tvabhinnādhyavaseyasaṃbandhāt tayorapi tādātmyaṃ vyavahniyata iti| sa yadyabhinnadevadattasaṃbandhāt, chatrakuṇḍalayorapyabhedaṃ vyavaharati ko vārayitā? kevalaṃ pramāṇaprayojanayorvyāvṛttirlaukikavirodhaścetyanenābhiprāyeṇopasaṃharati---tasmādita|| ### [11.4.p15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p15) asyedaṃ kāryaṃ kāraṇamityekaḥ saṃbandhaḥ| svābhāvikaṃ saṃbandhamupasaṃhṛtya tasya svarūpamāha---tathā hīti| svābhāviko nirūpādhirityarthaḥ| yadyapi vyabhicārāvyabhicāravyāpte aupādhikatvānaupādhikatve, tābhyāṃ ca ### [11.4.p16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p16) vyabhicārāvyabhicārāviti niyamaḥ| tau hi na tāvannirnimittau sārvatrikatvaprasaḍgāt, niyataviṣayau copalabhyete| nāpyanimittau| sopādherapyavyabhicāre nirūpādherapi vyabhicāre aniyamaprasaḍgāt, , tathā sati kāryātmanorapi kāraṇātmavyabhicāraḥ prasajyeta| tasmādupādhāvavaśyaṃ vyabhicāro'nupādhau avaśyamavyabhicāraḥ| vyabhicāre'vaśyamupādhiravyabhicāre'vaśyamupādhyabhāvaḥ| tathāpi yatra sphuṭo vyabhicārastatra niṣphalamupādhyanusaraṇaṃ tadarthatvāt tasya| asphuṭe tu vyabhicāre tasyopayogaḥ| na tūpādhitadamāvasiddhaye vyabhicārāvyabhicāraparyeṣaṇamupayujyate| vyabhicārādisiddhau satyāmupādhitadabhāvaparīkṣāyā niṣphalatvāt| tasmādanyonyavyāptipradarśanamātraprayukto vyabhicāramudbhāvyāpyupādhimāha--yadā tviti| yato na svābhāviko na nirūpādhikaḥ, tato na niyato nāvyabhicārītyarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p17) atha dhūmādīnāmapi vahnyādibhiḥ kathaṃ svābhāvika ityata āha---svābhāvikastviti| nanvasphuṭe vyabhicāre ### [11.4.p18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p18) saphalamupādhyanusaraṇam| tat kimatra nāsau sphuṭa ityata āha---kvacidvyabhicārasyādarśanāditi| nanu kvacit kadācid vyabhicāro'pi syādayogyatvācca na dṛśyetāpītyata āha---anupalabhyamānasyāpi kalpanānupatteḥ, anupalabhyamānavyabhicārakalpanādvārībhūtopādhyabhāvādityarthaḥ| ato niyataḥ avyabhicārītyarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p19) nanūpādhyabhāve'nupalabhyamānavyabhicārakalpanānavakāśaḥ, sa eva tūpādhyabhāvaḥ kutastya ityāśaṅkate---na ceti| pariharati---avaśyamiti| upādhirhi pramāṇapadavīmavatīrṇa eva vaktavyaḥ| anyathā sarvaiḥ pramāṇaiḥ sarvadā sarvatra sarveṣāṃ jātyā kaścit anupalabhyamāno'pi syādupādhiriti śaḍkā tadutpattāvapi brahmaṇāpyapanetumaśakyā| nānāpramāṇagocarārthasākṣātkāravataḥ sarvajñasyāpi svabhāvata evānupalabhyaḥ kaścidartho bhavet, bhavecca sarvapramāṇāpoḍhamapi kadācidadvaitam, prakṛtipuruṣau vā, niḥsvabhāvatā vā jagataḥ, vedānāṃ vāprāmāṇyam| tat kathaṃ caityavandanādāvapi bhikṣuḥ pravarteta? arthasandehāt pravṛttiriti cet? yatra pramāṇāni paribhūya śaḍkāpiśācī prasarati kutastatrārthasaṃbhāvanāpi? āstāṃ tāvat paralokapravṛttiḥ, ihalokapravṛttirapi na ### [11.4.p20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p20) syāt ityāha---antata iti|| ### [11.4.p21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p21) yadyapi viśiṣṭāhārānantaraṃ bhūyo bhūyaḥ puṣṭidhātusāmyādi daśyate, maraṇaṃ taṃ rogādyanantarameva, tathāpi āhāraviśeṣo maraṇasyaiva hetuḥ kadācid bhavet, kathamanyathānte tadantaramasyopalambhaḥ| yattviyantaṃ kālaṃ na māritavān ### [11.4.p22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p22) tanmantrapratibaddhavahnivat, kenacit pratibaddhatvāt| sa eva pratibandhakaḥ puṣṭyādiheturityapi saṃbhāvyeta| rogādikameva ca puṣṭyādihetuḥ, tattu puṣṭyādikāle adṛśyatvādeva nāpalabhyate| na hi puṣṭyādikāraṇairdṛśyaireva bhavitavyamityapi kadācit syāt, yathā cāprāmāṇikopādhiśaḍkyā vyabhicāritvaśaṅkayā vā anumānanivṛttiḥ, tathāprāmāṇikānarthaśaṅkayaiva viśiṣṭāhārabhojanādinivṛttirityarthaḥ| tasmādutprekṣitārthaniścayavat tacchaḍkāpi bandhyaiva, pramitasyaiva tu niścayavat śaḍkāpi samīhopayoginītyāha---tasmāditi|| ### [11.4.p23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p23) tadayaṃ saṃkṣepaḥ| vyabhicāra eva pratibandhābhāvaḥ| upādhereva vyabhicārāśaḍkā| pramāṇaniścita evopādhitvena śaṅkanīyaḥ| sādhane sopādhiḥ sādhye nirūpādhireva upādhitvena niśceyaḥ| ato'nyaścānyathātveneti| pramāṇaparidṛṣṭeṣveva kaścidupādhirbhaviṣyatītyata āha---prayatneneti|| ### [11.4.p24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p24) ayaṃ prayatnārthaḥ| pratyakṣopalabhyāstāvad yogyānupalabdhereva nirastāḥ| pramāṇāntaraparidṛṣṭānāmapi vyāpakānāmupādhitve vahneḥ sārvatrikatvaprasaṅgaḥ| avyāpakānamapi nityānām upādhitve bahneḥ sadānuvṛttiprasaṅgaḥ| anityāstu trividhāḥ ubhayāvyabhicāriṇaḥ, ubhayavyabhicāriṇaḥ, anyatarāvyabhicāriṇaśceti| tatra prathamadvitīyā upādhilakṣaṇābhāvādeva nopādhayaḥ| anyatarāvyabhicāriṇaśca dvividhāḥ---dhūmamātrāvyabhicāriṇo vahnimātrāvyabhicāriṇaśceti| pūrve lakṣaṇābhāvādeva nopādhayaḥ| vahnimātrāvyabhicāriṇo'pi dvividhāḥ, vyāpyamātrarūpā ubhayarūpāśceti| pūrvavadeva pūrve| ubhayarūpāstu sāmagrītaḥ| nāpi pare vidyante| sā ca na kvacidupādhiḥ, dhūmasya vahnineva tayāpi svabhāvasaṃbandhāt| vahnijananasāmagryāṃ vahnerapyantarbhāvācca| na ca kṛtakatvānuṣṇatvayoḥ saṃbandhe tejojātīyetaratvavadihāpi sādhyadharmajātīyetaratvamupādhiḥ, tasya pramāṇabādhaikamātraniyatatvāt|| ### [11.4.p25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p25) ata eva upādhimapaśyanto'pi virodhipramāṇasadasadbhāvaniścayavyagratayā muhūrtam anumitau vilambāmahe| tadevaṃ sarvathopādhyanupalambhāt tadabhāvaniścayo yathā dhūmasaṃbandhe tathānyatrāpi draṣṭavyaḥ| tarkaśca sarvaśaḍkānirākaraṇapaṭīyān vijayata iti|| ### [11.4.p26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p26) nanu pramāṇasiddhe vastuni svabhāvo'valambanam, na tu svabhāvāvalambanenaiva vastuvyavasthetyāśayavān pṛcchati---kena punariti| prathamadarśanenaiva vahnidhūmayoḥ avyabhicāragrahaṇam, dvitīyādibhistu śaḍkāmātramapanīyata iti keṣāi\*canmatamapanayanneva prakṛtaṃ prapa\*cayati---yadā tāvaditi| atra caiṣa paramārthaḥ| yo'yamupādhimādāya yena saha saṃbadhyate sa nirūpādhyavasthāyāṃ tasyāgamako yathā vahnirdhūmasya| sopādhyavasthāyāmapyupādheḥ, kevalasyaiva sāmarthye sa eva gamako na tūpahitaḥ| yathāhārapariṇatibhedasyaiva gamakatve maitratanayatvam| yatra tūpādhiḥ kevalo vyabhicārī tatra sopādhirapi gamaka eva| yathārdrendhanavān vahnirdhūmasyeti| tat kasya hetoḥ? viśiṣṭasya nirūpādhitvāditi bhūyodarśanamiti| tajjanitasaṃskārasahitamindriyamityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p27) agre caitadeva sphuṭīkṛtamityavirodhaḥ| maṇibhedatattvavaditi| yathā maṇiryairyairviśeṣaiḥ tattadvyavahāraviṣayo bhavati, dhārayituśca tattatphalabhedasaṃpādakaśconnīyate, te te sūkṣmā viśeṣāḥ parīkṣakairbhūyobhirdarśanairūnnīyante, tathātrāpīti| tathā ### [11.4.p28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p28) hi, prathamatastāvad bhūyodarśanaṃ kākatālīyanyāyavyudāsāya| tataḥ sātatyordhvagatyādiviśeṣāvasāyāya| tata upādhiśaḍkānirāśāya| atra ca na vāraṃsakhyāniyame'bhyupayogaḥ, mṛdumadhyādhimātrabuddhibhedena puṃsāṃ vicitraśaktitvāt| na caivaṃ sati lakṣaṇaśāstravaiyarthyam, aniyatavāraviśiṣṭatattvasākṣātkārāvadhiyogābhyāsopadeśavadihāpi nirūpādhisaṃbandhabodhāvadhiniyamāt| kāryakāraṇabhāvāvagame'pyayameva mārgo, na tu pa\*capratyakṣānupalambhāḥ| anyato'nāgatasya tatrāsatastadanantaram upalambhe'pi tato'nyasmādanutpatteḥ bhāvamātreṇa niścetumaśakyatvāt ; kākatālīyanyāyenāpi saṃbhavāt| bhūyaḥpravṛttau tu yadi na vyabhicāropalambhaḥ, upādhyupalambho'pi na syāt, dvayopagame tu tanniyataḥ saṃbandha iti|| ### [11.4.p29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p29) syādetat| dhūmādīnāṃ maitratanayatvādīnāṃ ca bhūyodarśanatvāviśeṣe'pi kuto viśeṣādekasya gamakatvamaparasya natyata āha---na ceti| yat tvatroktam, yathā hyanārdendhane vahnau na dhūma iti vahnestatsaṃbandhe tathāvidhamindhanamupādhiḥ| tathā yadi maitrājjātasyāpi kasyacid vivakṣitāhārapariṇativiraheṇa śyāmatopālapsyata sa upādhirniraceṣyata|| na tvetadasti| tathā satyapi copādhivādo vyarthaḥ, vyabhicārādeva maitratanayasyāhetutvāditi| ### [11.4.p30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p30) tadidamanavadhāritopādhilakṣaṇasya sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ na kii\*cadeva|| ### [11.4.p31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p31) tathā hi nopahitasya niścita eva sādhyavyabhicāraḥ, upādherlakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ nāma? sādhanāvyāpakatve sati sādhyavyāpakatvam| tacca sādhyābhimatadhūmaśyāmatve prati vyāpakatvem ārdrendhanānnapānapariṇatibhedayoraviśiṣṭam, aviśiṣṭaṃ ca sādhanābhimatadahanamaitratanayatve prati tayoravyāpakatvam| iyāṃstu viśeṣaḥ, vahnerdhūmenevārdrendhanenāpi sākṣādeva vinābhāva upalabhyate| maitratanayasya tu śyāmatvenevānnapānapariṇāmenāpyupādherevonnīyata iti| nanu vajre lohalekhyatvaṃ prati pārthivatvahetoḥ ka upādhiḥ? praśithilāvayavatvam| tarhi tannivṛttau paveriva sphaṭikādāvapi lohalekhyatvanivṛttiprasaṅgaḥ| na khalu nibiḍāvayavatvena ubhayoḥ kaścid viśeṣaḥ| na mṛdādibhyo nibiḍāvayavatve'pi sphaṭikasya praśithilāvayavatvādeva| na hyadbhyo medinī nibiḍeti na praśithilāvayavā| iyāṃstu viśeṣaḥ| yathā yathā śaithilyāpakarṣastathā tathā lekhituḥ prayatnaprakarṣaḥ| yadi tu śaithilyamaprayojakaṃ tadā mṛtkāṣṭhapāṣāṇādiṣu prayatnaprakarṣo'pi viphalaḥ, pārthivatvasya sarvatrāviśeṣāt| sphaṭike kathameṣā pratipattiriti cet? lohalekhyatvādeva| lohalekhyatvapraśithilāvayavatvayoḥ samavyāptikatvāt| ata evānayorekatarapravṛttinivṛttyorevānyatarapravṛttinivṛttī, na tu pārthivatvapravṛttinivṛttyoreva lohalekhyatvapravṛttinivṛttī, vajre'darśanāt ; jalādau darśanācca| vahnāvanuṣṇatvasādhanasya tu kṛtakatvasya tajjātīyetaratvalakṣaṇamupādhiḥ, sa ca bādhaikaniyataviṣaya iti nātiprasaṅga ityuktam| tadetatsarvaṃ hṛdi nidhāyāha---ityādaya iti|| ### [11.4.p32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p32) yadyapi dvitīyaliṅgadarśanasya smṛtyā saha vinaśyadavasthasyaiva parāmarśajanakatvaṃ kvacit, tathāpi yatra dṛṣṭamātra eva vahninivṛttau nivṛtto dhūmaḥ kālāntare jijñāsāvaśāt parāmṛśyate, tatra dvayorapi liṅgadarśanayoratītatvamityāśayavatoktam---yadyapītyādi|| ### [11.4.p33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p33) yena ca parāmarśo neṣyate tena vākyasya caturtho'vayava apanayo'pi neṣitavyaḥ| pakṣadharmatāpratipādanena tasyopayogaḥ parārthānumāne| svārthānumāne tu sā dvitīyaliṅga darśanādevāvagateti kiṃ parāmarśeneti cet---na, pakṣadharmatā hi vyāptyā saha pratisaṃhitānumānopayoginī, tādṛśī copanayena pradarśyate, na tu dvitīyaliṅgadarśanena| ### [11.4.p34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p34) tasya tu vyāptyanusandhānarahitaṃ pakṣadharmatāmātrameva gocaraḥ| na ca tadanumānopayogi| tasmādupanayārtho na dvitīyaliṅgadarśanaviṣayaḥ| tataḥ svārthānumāne yadyasti tasyopayogaḥ, nūnaṃ parāmarśo'pi tṛtīyaḥ svīkartavyaḥ| nāsti cet, parārthānumāne'pi liṅgaparāmarśaikārthaḥ upanayo'pi nādaraṇīyaḥ, tulyaviṣayatvādityāśayavān saṃkalayyānayoḥ samānaviṣayatvamāha---saṃbandheti|| ### [11.4.p35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p35) nanu vyāpārānubandhitayā viṣayatvam, viṣayatve ca vyāpārānubandha iti parasparāśrayatvam| atha vyāpārānubandhitayaiva viṣayatvam? tathāpyasaṃbaddhatvāviśeṣāt kathaṃ tasyaiva vyāpārānubandhitetyāśaḍkya pariharati--na cātiprasaṅga iti| na dhūmajñānasyāgniḥ svatantrasya vyāpāraviṣayo yenāsaṃbaddhatvāviśeṣādatiprasaṅgaḥ syāt, kiṃ tu jñeyaviśeṣaṇasya, tasya ca jñāyamānasya dhūmasyāgninā saha niyāmakaḥ svabhāvasaṃbandha eva, ato nātiprasaṅgaḥ ityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p36) pūrvaṃ lakṣyapadārthapraśnāvasare anumīyate'neneti kāraṇārtha ityuttaraṃ dattam| idānīmanumitiḥ kasyāi\*cadavasthāyāmanumānaṃ pramāṇaṃ bhavena veti vijñāsāpraśne bhāvaḥ karaṇaṃ vetyuttaram| ato na virodho'śataḥ, paunarūktyaṃ vā| ataḥ ṭīkākṛd api vyāpāratvenāpramāṇyaṃ pūrvapakṣayitvā phalāntarahetutvena prāmāṇyaṃ samarthayati sma| iha yadyapi vijñānapramāṇayoranyatarādhikāreṇa saṃskāranirṇayayorvyudāsaḥ, vijñānādhikāre hi tatpūrvakam anubhavakāraṇamanumānamiti sūtrasaṃbandhaḥ| na caivaṃbhūtau saṃskāranirṇayaviśeṣau, tayoranubhavaṃ pratyahetutvāt| pramāṇādhikāra'pi phalataḥ sa evārthaḥ, tatpūrvakaṃ pramākaraṇamanumānamiti sūtrasaṃbandhāt| tathāpi vivakṣābhedāt vikalpenobhayamubhayatra saṃbhantsyata iti vivakṣitvā ekaikakaniṣṭhatayaikaikaṃ darśitamiti tathaiva vyākhyātavān| vastutastu ubhayamubhayatra saṃbaddham iti nigarvaḥ| vipakṣāvṛttiriti vārttike bahuvrīhisamāsasthito viśeṣaṇatayā vyatireko niṣkṛṣya svapradhānatayā tatpuruṣapadena pradarśito vipakṣāvṛttirvyatireka iti| ato na vārttike hetusāmānādhikaraṇyavirodhaḥ| vyatirekābhāvaṃ vyatirekanirūpaṇābhāvam ityarthaḥ| ihāvastuno vidhiniṣedhavyavahāraviṣayatvaṃ laukikasamīhānurodhād vā, ### [11.4.p37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p37) śuktirajatavadrajjusarpavacca pramāṇānurodhād, vā gandhaṃ prati pṛthivīvadudakavad vā, vacanamātrānurodhād vā pradhānavat śaśaviṣāṇavacca, mūḍhapraśnānurodhād vā dharmāntaraṃ prati pūrvavadeva svavacanavirodhabhayād veti|| ### [11.4.p38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p38) tatra prathamastāvadavastunyasaṃbhavī, laukikapravṛttinivṛttyorvastumātraviṣayatvāt dvitīyādiṣveva ca paramparayā praviśatīti na ### [11.4.p39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p39) pṛthak nirākriyate| dvitīyanirākaraṇāya prāmāṇikaniṣedhavyavahārarītimāha---sadbhyāmiti| yadi tadviviktetarasvabhāvo'bhāvo yadi comayathātiriktasvabhāvaḥ, ubhayathāpi niṣedhyaniṣedhādhikaraṇābhyāmeva nirūpyate, na tvekena satā niṣedhyena niṣedhādhikaraṇena vetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p40) nanu sata eva kutaścit pramāṇapratītānnivartsyatītyata āha---pakṣādanyasyeti| tadanenāsatyadhikaraṇe nivṛttinirūpaṇaṃ pratiṣiddham, nivṛttau tu mūkataivociteti hṛdayam| nivṛttireva pratiṣiddheti| bhrāntastu codayati---na nivartate cediti| nirūpaṇam ādāyaiva pariharati---yasyeti| yatra khalu bhāvaḥ sarvathaiva na nirūpitaḥ tadadhikaraṇatayā ### [11.4.p41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p41) tasyānyatropalabdhasyābhāvo nirūpyata iti dṛṣṭam, yathā gavi dṛṣṭasya śruṅgasya śaśe| yatra tu śṛḍgābhāvo'pi gaganakamalādau nirūpayituṃ na śakyate, tatra śṛṅgameva nirūpyata ityalaukikamityarthaḥ| punarbhrāntaḥ śaṅkate--tat kimidānīmiti| svavacanavirodhabhayamāśaṅkate--nanu ceti|| ### [11.4.p42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p42) taduktaṃ jñānaśriyā ### [11.4.p43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p43) dharmasya kasyacidavastuni mānasiddhā ### [11.4.p44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p44) bādhāvidhivyavahṛtiḥ kimihāsti no vā| ### [11.4.p45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p45) kkāpyasti cet kathamiyanti na ḍhūṣaṇāni ### [11.4.p46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p46) nāstyeva cet svavacanapratirodhasiddhiḥ|| ### [11.4.p47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p47) iti| ### [11.4.p48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p48) yadyapi svavacanavirodhabhiyāpi sarvathāvicārāsaho'rthaḥ svīkartuṃ na śakyate, vacanād vicāro garīyāniti nyāyāt, anyathā vikalpaśabdau na vastugocarāviti svavacanavirodhādeva parihartavyam| tathā hi svalakṣaṇasyāsādhāraṇyenāśakyasamayagocaratayā, śabdasya ca samayādhīnapravṛttikatayā vikalpasya ca tadekaviṣayatayā na tayorvastugocaratvamiti vicāre, ### [11.4.p49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p49) śabdasya kācidapi vastuni mānasiddhā ### [11.4.p50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p50) bādhāvidhivyavahṛtiḥ kimāhāsti no vā| ### [11.4.p51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p51) astyeva cet kathamiyanti na dūṣaṇāni ### [11.4.p52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p52) nāstyeva cet svavacanapratirodhasiddhiḥ|| ### [11.4.p53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p53) iti tulyā vibhīṣikā| tathāpi tattvaṃ nirūpayan pariharati---na vai tattvata iti|| ### [11.4.p54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p54) nanu yadi naikataraniṣedho vidhirvā tat kimubhayavidhiḥ niṣedho vā? tathā sati atitarā durghaṭamāpadyetetyata āha---no khalviti| nanu sarvavyavahārābhājanamityapi niṣedhavyavahārabhājanatvenaiva nirvahet, anyathā punarapi svavacanapratirodha ityata āha---upayoge veti| svavacanapratirodhabhayāddhi tadā niṣedhavyavahāragocaratvasvīkāraḥ syād yadi tathā sati bhayaṃ nivarteta| na tvetadasti| no khalu sakalavyavahārābhājanaṃ ca tanniṣedhavyavahārabhājanaṃ ceti vacanaṃ ### [11.4.p55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p55) parasparamavirodhi| vidhivyavahāramātrābhiprāyeṇābhājanatvavyavahāre kuto virodha iti cet? hanta ! sakalavidhiniṣedhavyavahārābhājanatvena kii\*cad vyavahniyate na vā? ubhayathāpi svavacanavirodhaḥ| ubhayathāpyavastunaiva tena bhavitavyam, vastunaḥ sarvavyavahāravirahānupapatteḥ| neti pakṣe sakalavidhiniṣedhavyavahārābhājanamityanenaiva vyavahāreṇa virodhāt, avyavahṛtasya niṣeddhumaśakyatvāt| vyavahniyata iti pakṣe tu viṣayasvarūpaparyālocanenaiva virodhāt| na hi sarvavyavahārābhājanaṃ ca vyavahniyate ceti ca|| ### [11.4.p56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p56) api ca yadyavastuno niṣedhavyavahāragocaratvam, vidhivyavahāraviṣayatāpi kiṃ na syāt? pramāṇābhāvasyobhayatrāpi tulyatvāt| bandhyāsutasyāvaktṛtve'cetanatvādikameva pramāṇam, vaktṛtve tu na kii\*caditi---cet---na, tatrāpi sutatvasya vidyamānatvāt, na hi bandhyāyāḥ suto na sutaḥ| tathā sati svavacanavirodhāt| vacanamātrametanna tu paramārthataḥ suta evāsāviti cet? acetanasyāpyevaṃrūpatvāt, cetanādanyat svabhāvāntaram evācetanamityucyate| caitanyanivṛttimātrameva vivakṣitamiha, tacca saṃbhavatyeveti cet---na tatrāpyasutatvanivṛttimātrasyaiva vivakṣitatvāt| ### [11.4.p57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p57) asutatvanivṛttimātrasya svarūpataḥ kṛtijñaptyorasāmarthye samarthamarthāntaramavaseyam anantarbhāvya kuto hetutvamiti cet---na, acaitanye'pyasya nyāyasya samānatvāt| vyāvṛttirūpamapi ca tadeva gamakaṃ yadatasmādeva, yathā śiṃśapātvam| bandhyāsutastvasutādiva ghaṭādeḥ, sutādapi devadattādeḥ vyāvartate, ato na heturiti cet? nanvacaitanyamapyasyaivaṃ rūpameva| na hi bandhyāsutaścetanādiva devadattāderacetanādapi kāṣṭhāderna vyāvartate| ato na heturiti| vaktṛtvaṃ vastvekaniyato dharmaḥ sa kathamavastuni sādhyo virodhāditi cet? sa punarayaṃ virodhaḥ kutaḥ pramāṇāt siddhaḥ, kiṃ vaktṛtvaviviktasyāvastuno niyamenopalambhāt, āhosvit vastuviviktasya vaktṛtvasyānupālambhāditi? na tāvadavastu kenacit pramāṇenopalambhagocaraḥ| tathātve vā nāvastu| nāpyuttaraḥ samānatvāt| na hyavaktṛtvamapi vastuviviktaṃ kasyacit pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ| tadviviktavikalpanamātraṃ tāvadastīti cet? ### [11.4.p58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p58) tatsaṃsṛṣṭivikalpane'pi ko vārāyitā? ### [11.4.p59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p59) nanu vaktṛtvaṃ vacanaṃ prati kartṛtvam, tat kathamavastuni, tasya sāmārthyavirahalakṣaṇatvāditi cet? athāvaktṛtvamapi kathaṃ tatra, tasya vacanetarakartṛtvalakṣaṇatvāt| sarvasāmarthyavirahe vacanasāmarthyaviraho na viruddha iti cet? atha sarvasāmarthyaviraho bandhyāsutasya kutaḥ pramāṇāt siddhaḥ? avastutvādeveti cet? nanvetadapi katham? sarvasāmarthyavirahādeveti cet? soyaṃ kevalairvacanairitastato nirdhanādhamarṇika iva sādhūn bhrāmayan parasparāśrayadoṣamapi na paśyati|| ### [11.4.p60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p60) kramayaugapadyavirahāditi cet na, tadvirahasiddhāvapi pramāṇānuyogasyānuvṛtteḥ| sutatve ca parāmṛṣyamāṇe tadavinābhūtasakalavaktṛtvādidharmaprasaktau kutaḥ kramayaugapadyavirahasādhanasyāvakāśaḥ? kutastarāṃ cāvastusādhanasya? kutastamāṃ cāvaktṛtvādisādhanānām? tataśca pramāṇameva sīmā vyavahāraniyamasya, tadatikrame tvaniyama evetyanenābhiprāyeṇedamuktam| upayoge vā niṣedhavyavahāropayoge vā| na nirūpākhyo na vidhivyavahārāviṣayaḥ| yasmin kii\*canniṣidhyate pramāṇena, tasmin kii\*cad vidhīra'pīti niyamādityarthaḥ| tatra praṣṭurūttare vaktavye na ### [11.4.p61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p61) viruddhamanarthakaṃ vā vaktumucitamityāśayavānāha---kasatarhīti| uttaram---atheti| anuttaraviṣaye ahṛdayairyadevottarīkriyate, tadeva viruddhamityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p62) na ca kevalamatrottaradaḥ, praṣṭāpyahṛdaya eva| na hyapratīte devadattādau sa kiṃ gaurakṛṣṇo veti vaiyātyaṃ vinā praśnaḥ| tatrāpi yadyeko'pratītaparamārthaviṣaya evottaraṃ dadāti na gaura iti, aparo'pi kiṃ na dadyād gaura iti? na caivaṃ sati kācidarthasiddhiḥ, pramāṇābhāvavirodhayorūbhayatrāpi tulyatvāt| tadidamuktam---ahṛdayavācāmiti| nanvapratīte vyahārābhāva iti yuktam, kūrmaromādayastu pratīyanta eva| na hyete vikalpāḥ ki\*cadarthabhedamanullikhanta evotpadyante| na ca pramāṇāspadameva vyavahārāspadamityasti niyama ityata āha---na cātyanteti| yadyapi sarvathāpratīte vyavahārābhāva iti vadato bauddhasyāpi svavacanavirodha eva, tathāpyayaṃ virodhaḥ prāgevodbhāvitaprāya ityenamupekṣya śaḍkāmātraṃ samarthitam|| ### [11.4.p63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p63) tathā hi śaśaviṣāṇamiti jñānamanyathākhyātiḥ syādasatkhyātirvā? na tāvadādyaste rocate, tathā sati kii\*cadāropyaṃ kii\*cadāropaviṣaya iti syāt| tathā cāropaviṣayastatraivāstyāropaṇīyaṃ tvanyatreti jitaṃ naiyāyikaiḥ| nāpi dvitīyaḥ, kāraṇānupapatteḥ| indriyasya jñānajanane svaviṣayādhipatyenaiva vyāpārāt, liṅgaśabdābhāsayorapyanyathākhyātijanakatvāt| apahastitasvārthayoścāsatkhyātijanakatve śaśaviṣāṇaśabdāt kūrmaromādivikalpānāmapyutpattiprasaṅgaḥ, niyāmakābhāvāt|| ### [11.4.p64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p64) sa hi saḍketo vā syāt, śabdasvābhāvyaṃ vā? na tāvadādyaḥ, saḍketaviṣayāpratīternirākṛtatvāt| ataeva pratīteritaretarāśrayatvam| padasaḍketabalena tu pravṛttau svārthāparityāgāt| tathā cānanvitāḥ padārthā evānvitatayā parisphurantīti viparītakhyātirevāvartate| svārthaparityāge tu punarapyaniyamaḥ, asāmayikārthapratyāyanāt| śabdasvābhāvyāt tu niyame vyutpannavadavyutpannasyapi tathāvidhavikalpodayaprasaṅgaḥ| vāsanāviśeṣāditi cet? athāsadullekhinaḥ pratyayasya vāsanaiva kāraṇamuta vāsanāpi? na tāvadādyaḥ, śaśaviṣāṇādipratyayānāṃ sadātanatvaprasaḍgāt| kadācid vāsanāyāḥ, prabodhāt kadāciditi cet---na, prabodho'pi sahakāryantaraṃ vā, atiśayaparamparāparipāko vā? ādye vāsanaiveti pakṣānupapatti| dvitīyo'pi yadārthāntarapratyāsattestadā pūrvavat| svasantatimātrādhīnatve tu bāhyavādavyāghātaḥ, nīlādibuddhīnāmapi vāsanāparipākādeva utpādāt| vāsanāpīti pakṣe tu ### [11.4.p65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p65) tadanyo'pi kaścaddheturvaktavyaḥ| sa vicāryamāṇaḥ pūrvaṃ nyāyaṃ nātivartata iti|| ### [11.4.p66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p66) na ca śaśaviṣāṇādiśabdānāmasadarthaiḥ saha sambandhāvagamo'pi| tathā hi parabuddhīnāmanullekhāt tadviṣayasyāpyanullekha eva| na cārthakriyāviśeṣo'pyasti yato viṣayaviśeṣamunnīya tatra saḍketo gṛhyatām| na ca ### [11.4.p67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p67) saḍketayitureva vacanāt tadavagamaḥ| tadviṣayāṇāṃ vacanānāṃ sarveṣāmevāpratītaviṣayatvenāgṛhītasamayatayā apratipādakatvāt| na ca śaśaviṣāṇaśabdamuccārayataḥ kaścidabhiprāyo vṛttaḥ, tadviṣayo'sya vācya iti sugrahaḥ samaya iti vācyam| na hyevamākāraḥ samayagrahaḥ| gāṃ badhānetyukte apratītaśabdārthasya abhiprāyamātrapratītau samayagrahaprasaḍgāt| na ca viśeṣāntaravinākṛtaḥ kalpanāmātraviṣayo'sya vācya iti sāmpratam, ghaṭakūrmaromādīnāpi tadarthatvaprasaḍgāt| na ca sarve pratipattāraḥ svavāsanayā asadarthaśabdasambandhapratipattibhāja iti sāmpratam| parasparavārtānabhijñatayā aparārthatvaprasaḍgāt| na hi svayaṃkṛtaṃ saḍketamagrāhayitvā paro vyavahārayituṃ śakyate| na ca vyavahāropadeśāvantareṇa grāhayitumapi| na ca gāṃ badhānetivat śaśaviṣāṇāpadārthe vṛddhavyavahāraḥ| na cāyamasāvaśca itivadupadeśaḥ| na ca yathā gaustathā gavaya iti vadupalakṣaṇātideśaḥ| na ceha prabhinnakamalodare madhūni madhukaraḥ pibatītivat prasiddhapadasāmānādhikaraṇyam| tadamūḥ śaśaviṣāṇādikalpanā nāsatkhyātirūpāḥ, tathātve kāraṇābhāvāt bhūkasvapnavadasāvyavahārikatvaprasaḍgācca| tasmādanyathākhyātirūpā eveti naitadanurodhenāpyavastuno niṣedhavyavahāragocaratvamityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p68) bhavatu tathāpi nāsau siddhyupālambhayogītyāha---kalpitagocaraśceti| tathā hi ko'yaṃ vyatireko nāma? yadyato vyatiricyate tasya tatrābhāvo vā, tadabhāvasvabhāvatvaṃ vā? tatra na tāvat kramayaugapadyayoḥ śaśaviṣāṇe'bhāvaḥ pramāṇagocaraḥ, vṛkṣarahitabhūbhṛtkaṭakavat kramayaugapadyarahitasya śaśaviṣāṇasya pramāṇāviṣayatvāt| nāpi kramayaugapadyābhāvarūpatvaṃ śaśaviṣāṇasya prāmāṇikam, ghaṭābhāvavat śaśaviṣāṇasya pramāṇeṇa anupalambhāt| ### [11.4.p69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p69) ghaṭābhāvo'pi na pramāṇagocara iti cet--na, tasya tadviviktetarasvabhāvasyāpi pramāṇata eva siddheḥ| asiddhau vā tatrāpyavyavahāra eva| ghaṭastāvat svābhāvavirahasvabhāvaḥ pramāṇasiddhaḥ tādrūpyeṇa kadācidapyanupalambhāt| etāvataiva tadabhāvo'pi ghaṭavirahasvabhāvaḥ siddha iti cet---na, ghaṭābhāvasya tadvirahasvabhāvatvānabhyupagamāt| na cānyasya svabhāve pramāṇagocare tadanyo'pi siddhaḥ syāt, atiprasaḍgāt| evaṃbhūtāveva ghaṭatadabhāvau yadekasya paricchittirevāparasya vyavasthitiriti cet---na, ghaṭavad ghaṭābhāvasyāpi prāmāṇikatvānabhyupagame svabhāvavādānabhyupagamāt| pramāṇasiddhe hi vastuni svabhāvavādālambanam| na tu svabhāvavādālambanenaiva vastuparicchittiriti hi bhavatāmeva tatra tatra jayadundubhiḥ| yaduktaṃ vārtikālaḍkāre, ### [11.4.p70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p70) yaktii\*cadātmābhimataṃ vidhāya ### [11.4.p71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p71) nirūttarastatra kṛtaḥ padeṇa| ### [11.4.p72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p72) vastusvabhāvairiti vācayamitthaṃ ### [11.4.p73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p73) tadottaraṃ syād vijayī samastaḥ|| ### [11.4.p74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p74) tat kimidānīṃ svābhāvavirahasvabhāvo ghaṭaḥ pramāṇānaiva siddhaḥ? tava dṛṣṭyā evametat| ghaṭo hi yādṛktādṛksvabhāvastāvat pramāṇapathamavatīrṇaḥ tasya yadi paramārthataḥ abhāvo'pi kaścit syāt, paramārthataḥ so'pi tadvirahasvabhāva iti tathaiva pramāṇāveditaḥ syāt| na caitadabhyupagamyate bhavatā| tasmād ghaṭavat tadabhāvasyāpi prāmāṇikatvenaivānayoḥ parasparavirahalakṣaṇavyatirekasiddhiḥ| aprāmāṇikatve vā anayorapi na tathābhāva iti śaśaviṣāṇādiṣvapīyameva gatiḥ|| ### [11.4.p75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p75) nanu kālpanikarūpasaṃpattirevāstvanumānāṅgamityata āha---tasyāḥ sarvatra sulabhatvādita| dahanavattvādisādhane prameyatvādau śabdānityatvādisādhane cākṣuṣatvādau nityatvādisādhane kṛtakatvādāvityarthaḥ| nanu pakṣasapakṣavipakṣāstāvad vastvavastubhedena dvirūpāḥ| tatra ye kalpanopanītāḥ, tatra kālpanikā eva pakṣadharmatvānvayavyatirekāḥ| pramāṇopanīteṣu tu prāmāṇikā eveti vibhāgaḥ| tadiha kālpanikānniragneryadyapi prameyatvādervyāvṛttiḥ kālpanikī siddhā, tathāpi prāmāṇikāt jalahnadādeḥ prāmāṇikyevaiṣitavyā, sā ca na siddheti kutastasya hetutvam? evaṃ prāmāṇikāt śabde'pi pakṣīkṛte prāmāṇika eva hetusadbhāvo| vaktavyaḥ na cāsau cākṣuṣatvasyāstīti so'pi kathaṃ hetuḥ? evaṃ kṛtakatvasyāpi vastvekaniyatasya dharmasya vāstava evānvayo vaktavyaḥ| vastuno vipakṣācca vāstava eva vyatireko vaktavyaḥ| na ca tasya tau staḥ| tat kathamasāvapi heturiti|? pralapitametat| na hi niyāmakamantareṇa saṃpadaṃ prati kalpanā tvarate, vipadaṃ prati tu vilambata iti śakyaṃ vaktum| tathā ca niragnikamapi kūrmaroma sadhūmamiti kalpanāmātreṇa vipakṣavṛttitvād dhūmo nāgni gamayet| vāstavyāṃ rūpasaṃpattau kimamena kālpanikadoṣeṇeti cet? tarhi vāstavyāmasaṃpattau kiṃ kālpanikyā tayeti samānam| virodhāvirodhau viśeṣa iti cet? kuta etat? ubhayorekatra vastvavastutvādanyatrāvastuvaditi cet? tat kiṃ kālpaniko'pi dhūmo vastubhūto yena kūrmaromṇastena saha virodhaḥ syāt? ### [11.4.p76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p76) kvacid vastubhūta iti cet? nirdhūmatvamapi kvacid vastubhūtamiti tenāpi virodha eva| tasmād yathā kālpanikī vipattirna doṣāya, tathā kālpanikī saṃpattirapi na guṇāyeti tasyāśca sarvatra sulabhatvāditi ṭīkārthaḥ| etaccābhyupetyoktam---vastutastu na na nirūpākhyaṃ kasyacid vyavahārasya bhājanamiti|| ### [11.4.p77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p77) nanu yadyāvayorakuśalatayā svavacanavirodhaḥ, atha praṣṭuḥ kimuttaraṃ vaktavyamityavaśiṣṭamupasaṃharan pariharati---tasmāditi| yatra vacane sarvathaiva virodhasatatrāvacanameva śreya ityarthaḥ| etena mūkatāhetuvikalpāḥ parihṛtā boddhavyā iti|| ### [11.4.p78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p78) nanvekarūpamavikalamidaṃ kathaṃ gamakam? gamakatve vā vyatirekavikalavad rūpāntaravikalamapi tathā kiṃ na syādaviśeṣādityāśaḍkyāha---na caitāvateti| rūpāntaravaikalyavanna vyatirekavaikalyamavinābhāvakṣatimāvahatītyarthaḥ| evaṃ tarhi satyapi vipakṣe vyatireko na paryeṣaṇīya ityata āha---vipakṣasambhave tviti| vipakṣe sati tatra vṛttiśaḍkā, tatastannivṛttyarthaṃ tadupayogaḥ| vipakṣābhāve tu śaḍkaiva nāsti, yathoktaṃ prāk| na hi tāyābhyavaharaṇe'pyasamarthasya mumūrṣoḥ śaṣkulībhakṣaṇaṃ śaṅkate cetana ityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p79) svamate tviti| asya tu kālpaniko'pi vipakṣaḥ pareṇābhidhātuṃ na śakyate, abhidhāne sapakṣatvāpatteḥ asapakṣatve'nabhidhānaprasaḍgāt, tataścābhidheyatve sādhye yaḥ kaściddheturūpādīyate, tasya kiṃ vipakṣe vṛttiravṛttirveti praśne anenottarakovidena kiṃ vaktavyam? mūkībhūya tiṣṭhāsostu na kaścit pratimalla iti svayamevollapitamanena| na tvevaṃbhūto'hetureva doṣābhāvāt, arūcimātrasya sarvatra sulabhatvāditi bhāgāsiddhinirākāraṇāya vyāptyeti vadataḥ|| ### [11.4.p80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p80) pūrvavadityatiśāyane matupo vidhānam| atiśayaśca vyāptirevetyāśayaḥ| tadidam uktaṃ ṭīkākṛtā---asti gandhavatvasya sādhyaṃ na tu vyāptyeti| nanu sādhyasajātīye śeṣaśabdasya na kācid vṛttirityata āha---sādhyasyopayuktatvāditi| paunarūktyabhramamapākaroti---padāni vibhajyeti| na\*mantarbhāvya vyākhyāne sāmānyatodṛṣṭapadamevaṃ yojanīyam, uktaviśeṣarahitatvena vipakṣa eva sāmānya ityucyate| tatrādṛṣṭam| saptamyāstasiḥ| yogyadarśananivṛttyā ca dṛśyanivṛttirvivakṣitā, tena vipakṣe asadityarthaḥ| ataḥ siddhavat ### [11.4.p81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p81) trirūpasaṃpattimabhyupetya rūpadvayasaṃpade cakāramavatārayati---tathā ceti|| ### [11.4.p82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p82) tadevaṃ tatpūrvakamityanena liṅgaparāmarśo'numānamiti lakṣaṇārthe vyākhyāte, atha kiṃ liṅkam, katividhaṃ veti jijñāsāyāṃ trividhamityavacchedena vyākhyāya, kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti jijñāsāyāṃ pūrvavadityādyekavākyatayā vyākhyānena parāmarśaviṣayaḥ saṃjñito vibhakto lakṣitaśca| viṣayaviṣayiṇorabhedavivakṣayā ca sāmānādhikaraṇyamiti mantavyam| evam anyānyapīti| tadyathā, manojñamattakāśinīsaṃdarśanena saṃsārirāgānumānam, śatrudarśanena krodhānumānam, viṣayabhogena sukhānumānam, rogādinā duḥkhānumānam, avikalendriyasya yogyaviṣayāvadhānena jñānānumānam, śraddhāvatāṃ yathāvidhi yāgādyanuṣṭhānena dharmānumānam, niṣiddhācaraṇenādharmānumānam, paṭvabhyāsādarapratyayaiḥ saṃskārānumānam, mithyāpratyayena bhaviṣyatsaṃsārapravāhānumānamityadhyātmam| bāhye ca jvalantaṃ tṛṇarāśimupalabhya bhaviṣyadbhasmānumānam, tathāvidhavṛṣṭyā bhaviṣyannadīpūrādijñānam, prakārāntarāvagatena vāyunā tvarāvatā vṛkṣādisaṃkṣobhānumānamityādi neyam|| ### [11.4.p83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p83) duravabodhamiti| sāmānyatodṛṣṭasvarūpasyaivāvivecanādityarthaḥ| udāharaṇadvāreṇa tadvivecanaṃ ### [11.4.p84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p84) bhaviṣyatītyāha---śeṣavadudāharaṇānatargataṃ ceti| śeṣavallakṣaṇayoge'pi tadudāharaṇāntaravailakṣaṇyenedameva sāmānyatodṛṣṭapadārthe bhaviṣyatītyata āhā---na caitāvateti| na tāvadaśvakarṇādiśabdavadayaṃ sūryavrajyānumāne vartate, anyatrāpi vṛddhaprayogāt| nāpi sūtrakārasyaiva paribhāṣeyam, niṣprayojanatvāt| tasmādudāharaṇavailakṣaṇyamātravivakṣayedamucyate| tathā cātiprasaṅga ityarthaḥ| tasmād bhāṣyakāravyākhyānaviruddhodāharaṇamātrākhyānamarocayamānaḥ sāmānyatodṛṣṭapadaṃ vyākhyāyānyathodāharaṇamāheti yojanā| kṣayavṛddhipratyayāviṣayatve satīti spaṣṭārtham, prāḍmukhopalabhyatve parivṛttya tatpratyayaviṣayatvāditi paryālocanayaivāvināśasya prāptatvāt|| ### [11.4.p85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p85) na hyupalabdhavināśe upalabdhaṃ pratyabhijñāyate bhrāntāvapyanupalabdhamevopalabdhatayeti| prāḍmukhopalabhyatve cetyasya ṭīkayā sphoritasya prāḍmukhopalabdhasya prāḍmukhenānupalambhe satītyarthaḥ| narāntarasya tatsamānadeśasthasyeti mantavyam| anyathā mārtaṇḍamaṇḍalasyāpi lokāntaravartipuruṣāpekṣayā prāḍmukhopalabhyatā durvāretyasiddhaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ syāt| tadetat narapadena sūcitam| ### [11.4.p86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p86) tadabhimukhadeśasaṃbandhāditi śiṣyahitatayā vyabhicāraupayikapādaviharaṇajñāpanāya| na hi yathātathā pādavihāraṇamātramasya hetoḥ kṣatimāvahatīti| satyavināśe iti ca draṣṭavyam sati draṣṭavyatva iti veti śeṣaḥ|| ### [11.4.p87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p87) iha yadyapi diśaḥ pratyakṣatve sādhye'ḍgulyā nirdeśo vyadhikaraṇaḥ, tarūnagarādiṣuevāḍgulyā vyapadeśāt| diśaḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ tvaḍgulīvyapadeśasya na tadadhikaraṇatāsādhanamanyathāsiddhatvāt| tathāpi yasyāṃ diśi ete taravaḥ sā prācīti tarvādibhedena apyaḍgulyā vyapadeśo'stīti na vyadhikaraṇatvamāhatyābhidhātuṃ śakyata ityanenābhiprāyeṇa anyathāsiddhimeva vārtikārthamāha---anyathāsiddhatayeti| upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat, calantīṃ patākāmupalabhyāyaṃ vāyurvātīti aḍagulīnirdeśasyācākṣuṣe vāyāvapi gatatvena vyabhicārasya api saṃbhavāt| rūpeṇa sparśānumānamityādāvādigrahaṇena rasena rūpānumānam, gandhena rasānumānamityādi| vṛkṣādarśane sandehe vā na śiśapādarśana niścayo vā tato'navasaraparāhatamevānumānam| vṛkṣaśabdaprayogalakṣaṇavyavahārānumānaṃ tu na svārtham, aviditasamayenāśakyatvāt ; viditasamayasya ca vyarthatvāt| paro'pi yadi vyutpanno, yadi viditaśabdapravṛttinimittaḥ, ### [11.4.p88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p88) tadā svayameva vyavaharet| viparītastu śiśapātvamapi na pratīyāt| avyutpannaścet, samayamagrāhayitvā vyavahārayitumaśakya eva| na cāyaṃ samayagrahaprakāraḥ| tathā sati śiśapātvādayaṃ vṛkṣo vyavahartavyaḥ iti śiśapātvameva vṛkṣaśabdapravṛttinimittamākalayet| na ca śiśapātvādayaṃ vṛkṣaśabdapravṛttinimittavāniti vākyārthaḥ, viditatannimittaṃ prati vyarthatvāt ; viparītaṃ pratyapraddhiviśeṣaṇatvaprasaḍgāt, sāmānyopakrame samayagrahānupapatteḥ ; puruṣecchāmātrādhīnatvācaca samayasya pakṣadharmatayā niyantumaśakyatvāt ; aviditasamayaṃ prati cānvayopakramasyāyuktatvādityata āha---śruteneti| tadanena ye cānye sādhyasamānakālāḥ, te sarve sāmānyatodṛṣṭānumānasaṃgrāhyatvena upalakṣitā iti|| ### [11.4.p89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p89) svamatena vyākhyānāntaram, na tu tātparyāntaramityarthaḥ, pūrvaṃ sādhyaṃ tadyasya vyāptyetyanenaikatātparyatvāt| anenaivābhiprāyeṇāha---atrāpi yathāsaṃbhavamiti| na\*nantarbhāvacakāranirapekṣate cāsmin vyākhyāne pūrvasmād viśeṣaḥ| sāmānyena kāryaṃ vā kāraṇaṃ vā anubhayātmakaṃ vā avinābhāvitayā dṛṣṭaṃ niścitaṃ sāmānyatodṛṣṭameva ca yojanā| ### [11.4.p90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p90) tadidamuktam---asandigdhatāmāheti| tatra tatpūrvakamiti| svarūpavipratipattinivṛttiḥ svalakṣaṇasāmarthyena nyūnādhikasaṃkhyatvāśaḍkānivṛttiḥ prathamaṃ tātparyam| niyamajñāpane tvaśakyalakṣaṇatvaśaḍkānivṛttistātparyamiti na paunarūktyamiti vṛttavartiṣyamāṇānukīrtana phalam|| ### [11.4.p91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p91) yadyapi pratipannaṃ pratyanumānasya na saṃśayaviparyayanivṛttirajñātajñānaṃ vopayogaḥ, tathāpyadhyavasitābhyanujñānaṃ vastubalāyātamapekṣite viṣaye'nupekṣaṇīyameveti tasyāpyanumānapratipādyeṣu gaṇanā| tenādivākye pratipannaḥ pratipādayiteti pratipanna eva pratipādayitā, na tu pratipannaḥ pratipādayitaiveti boddhavyam|| ### [11.4.p92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p92) punaḥ paunarūktyaparihārārthaṃ vṛttavartiṣyamāṇe anukīrtayati---pūrvaṃ siddhavaditi| sākṣātkṛtyanumityoḥ kriyayostulyatā viṣayagatā draṣṭavyā| tenāyamarthaḥ| vyāptigrāhakapramāṇayogyo dharmo yatrānumīyate tat pūrvavadanumānam| tadayogyastu yatra tat sāmānyatodṛṣṭamiti| dhūmatvaikārthasamavāyibhiriti| satātparyaṃ viśeṣaṇam| na hi saṃtatamūrdhvagamanamātreṇāgniranumātuṃ śakyate, dhūlīpaṭalādau vyabhicārāt| ekadravyatvādityasya sapakṣe rūpādāvanvayasya ### [11.4.p93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p93) spaṣṭatvāt vipakṣavyatireka evoktaḥ| dvividhameva hīti| na tvatrānvayābhidhānamātreṇa kevalavyatirekiśaḍkā kartavyā| samānajātīyārambhakatvaṃ śabdasya asiddhamataḥ sādhayati---kāryatvāditi| kāryatvaṃ punarasyānupalabdhikāraṇabhāve sati anupalabdhasyopalabhyamānatvād vā pratyakṣād veti| sarvatropalabdhiprasaḍgādityasya viparyayeṇa hetuḥ| prayogastvevam---avyāpyavṛttiḥ śabdaḥ, āśrayāprāptāvapi kvacidanupalabhyamānatve sati kvacidupalabhyamānatvāt saṃyogavaditi|| ### [11.4.p94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p94) yadyapi caitāvanmātreṇa guṇatvaṃ sidhyati, tathāpi bhāṣyakārīyo heturūpekṣitaḥ syādityato'vyāpakatāmātraṃ prasādhyaiva prakṛte lagayati---karṇeti| atrāpi prayogaḥ, śabdo vīcītaraṅganyāyena karṇaśaṣkulīmantamākāśadeśamāsādayati, prakārāntarāsaṃbhave satyupalabhyamānatvāditi vyatirekī| udāharaṇārthaṃ vivecayati---idaṃ tviti| sadādyabhedaḥ sattāyogaḥ, anityatvam, kāraṇavattvam, sāmānyaviśeṣavattvamiti| sādhyadharmiṇyasmadādibhiḥ kadācit pratyakṣeṇānupalambhādityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p95) ābhiprāyiko hyarthaḥ pakṣadharmatāyā viṣayaḥ| sa evābhiprāyeṇa vyāpyate, yena vinā pratijñāto'rtho nopapadyate| ubhayathā saṃbhāvanāyākekataratra bādhakopapattāvanyataraḥ pramāṇāntaragocaraḥ, tatra vidhāyakapramāṇābhāve kevalavyatirekiṇo'vatāraḥ| tathā hi ### [11.4.p96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p96) kṣityādikaṃ sakartṛkaṃ kāryatvādityatra sarvajñatvamantareṇa kṣityādīnāṃ kartṛtvameva nopapadyate, paramāṇvadṛṣṭādīnāmajñāne tadadhiṣṭhānānupapatteḥ| tadadhiṣṭhāne vā asarvajñatvānupapatteḥ| tasmāt sarvajñatvamantareṇa pratijñātārthānupapattau tadabhiprāyavyāptam| ābhiprāyikatvācca pakṣadharmatāgocaraḥ| icchādayaḥ paratantrā guṇatvādityatra punarātmā nābhiprāyavyāptaḥ| na hīcchādīnāṃ kṣityādipāratantryamasaṃbhāvit, api tu mānasapratyakṣavedyatvādibhaḥ bādhitam| dhūmagatanīlatveneva dhūmasyāpālālatvam| tasmādubhayathāpi saṃbhavādātmā naivābhiprāyavyāptaḥ, tadavyāptatvācca na pakṣadharmatā tamaṅkamāropayitumarhati, api tvicchāsaṃbaddhaparamātramādāyaiva nivartate| etaduttarakālaṃ kṣityādau bādhite tadanyāsiddhau vidhāyakapramāṇābhāvānniṣedhamukhena vyatirekī pravartate| tamimaṃ viśeṣaṃ hṛdi nidhāyoktam---bādhakairapanīte dravyāṣṭakaguṇatva iti|| ### [11.4.p97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p97) nanu sāmānyatodṛṣṭād yadrūpaṃ siddham, na tat kevalavyatirekiṇā sādhyam| yādṛśaṃ ca tena sādhyam, tādṛśaṃ ### [11.4.p98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p98) na kvacit siddham| tathā cāprasiddhaviśeṣaṇaḥ pakṣaḥ| na ca tathābhūte sandeho'pi kāraṇābhāvāt| samānāsamānadharmavipratipattīnāmanupalabdhacarāviṣayatvādityata āha---yadyapi cāyamiti| svarūpeṇa asādhāraṇarūpeṇetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p99) na hi vākyārthasayāpūrvatayā padārthānāṃ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvo vihanyate| tathā sati, anvayinopyanutthānamiti pralīnamanumānena| na ca dravyāṣṭakātiriktādipadārthā evāpūrve, yenāprasiddhaviśeṣaṇatā syāt pakṣasya| na caivaṃ sati śaśaśṛṅgadhanurdharādāvapi prasaṅgaḥ, tatrāpi tadārthamātrāprasiddheḥ sarvatra sulabhatvāditi vācyam| sāmānyatodṛṣṭapūrvakatvaniyamasīmāyāḥ durlaḍghyatvāt| anyathā sāmānyato'pyasiddhaḥ kathaṃ niṣpramāṇakaśabdasāmarthyamātramāśritya parāmṛśyeta| aparāmṛṣṭaśca kathaṃ pramāṇavyavahāramavatārayet| tadidam uktam---adūraviprakarṣeṇa parāmṛṣṭa iti| viśeṣasiddheḥ sāmānyasidbhiradūraviprakarṣaḥ, tadasiddhistu tadviparyaya ### [11.4.p100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p100) ityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p101) evaṃ ca saṃśayo'pyatra vādivipratipattereva sugamaḥ, icchādīnāmubhayavādisiddhe sāmānyato'dhikaraṇe dravyāṣṭakātiriktānatirekakoṭyorūbhābhyāṃ samutthāpanāt| athavā pratyekotthitaḥ saṃśayaḥ samudāye viśrāmyatīti nyāyaḥ| tathā hi guṇatvaṃ pṛthivyāśrite gandhādau, tadatiriktāśrite snehādau ca dṛṣṭam, icchādiṣu ca dṛśyate| tat kimicchādayaḥ pṛthivyāśritā, uta tadatiriktāśritā ityanenākāreṇa sarvadravyeṣu bhavan sandehaḥ samānadharmadarśanādeva dravyāṣṭakatadatiriktakoṭyoreva paryavasito bhavati| tadidamuktam---dharmiṇi cetyādi|| ### [11.4.p102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p102) vibhāgavacanādevetyādibhāṣyavakravyākhyāyāḥ śaḍkāpoṣaṇe tātparyam| nanu sadasatī tattvamityatra sadasacchabdābhyāṃ bhāvābhāvāvuktau| tadiha vartamānāvartamānārthatvavyākhyānaṃ tadviruddhamapi kuta upādīya ityata āha---pratyakṣaṃ hīti| atha tathaiva kiṃ na syādityata āha---yadyapīti| na viśeṣaṇtvaṃ svātantryeṇa svātantryābhidhānenetyarthaḥ| āho nyāyopyastītyasyākṣarārthena na\*: saṃbandhānupapatteḥ, tātparyārthenasaṃbandhamāha---na sandeha ### [11.4.p103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p103) iti| nyāyābhāvena hi tarkasya niścayāparyāptau sandehastadavastha ityāśaḍkitam, atastanniṣedha evottaraṃ yuktamiti| astyeva nyāyaḥ, sandehavirodhiniścayasamartho yata iti śeṣaḥ| nimittatvaṃ yadi viṣayatvaṃ tannātmani dṛṣṭānte| athopādānatvam, na tatsādhye samavāya ityata āha---nimittatvaṃ kāraṇatvamiti|| ### [11.4.p104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p104) nanu vyāpakatvaṃ paramamahatparimāṇayogaḥ, sarvasaṃyogisamānadeśatā vā| tadubhayamapi samavāye na saṃbhavatītyata ### [11.4.p105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p105) āha---satyupalabdhīti| upalabhyatetyucyamāne ghaṭāderapi vyāpakatvaprasaṅgaḥ| ata uktaṃ sarvatreti| deśasyāvacchedakatāmātreṇa saptamyā nirdeśo vane sihanāda itivat| tathāpyasiddhaṃ lakṣaṇam, na hyātmādayaḥ sarvatropalabhyante ityata uktam---satyupalabdhikāraṇa iti| tathāpi viṣayasyāpyupalabdhikāraṇatvād yatra yatra ghaṭādiparamāṇvantāḥ svopalabdhisāmagrīsahitāḥ, tatra tatropalabhyanta eveti taireva vyabhicāra ityata uktam---antareti| etacca dravyarūpakāraṇāntarābhiprāyeṇa draṣṭavyam| anyathā yatra ghaṭādayo na santi, tatra tato'nyasya tadupalabdhikāraṇasya tadindriyasaṃyogasyābhāvādeva teṣāmanupalambhaḥ, tatsadbhāve tu sarvatropalambha eva ityetadapyāśaḍkyeta| tathāpi paramāṇvādiguṇaireva yāvaddravyabhāvibhirāśrayādhīnanirūpaṇairvyabhicāraḥ, tannivṛttyarthamanekasaṃbandhitve satīti draṣṭavyam| etacca sarvatretyanena ṭīkākṛtā sūcitam| yadyapi ca sarvatrāstitvaṃ vyāpakatvam, tathāpi lakṣaṇamantareṇa tad duravabodhamiti tadevoktamiti| nyāyetikartavyatābhūtaṃ tarkaṃ pṛcchati| kartrā avyāpāryamāṇasya karaṇasya svayaṃ vyāpārāyogādityāśayavāniti bhāvaḥ|| ### [11.4.p106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p106) athoktamanavasthānaprasaṅgamavatārayituṃ kimityanādhāratvaprasaṅga ucyate, yāvatā svatantra evāyaṃ prasaṅgaḥ kiṃ ### [11.4.p107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p107) na syāt? na hi kāryasyānādhāratvamasyeṣṭamevetyata āha---syādetaditi| paścāt turyā saṃyukta iti śeṣaḥ| na hyutpanno'pyasaṃyukta eva turyā prathamekṣaṇe paṭa iti kasyacinniścayaḥ, atha ca pramāṇabalādiṣṭa evāyamarthaḥ, tathotpanne'pi prathame kṣaṇe tantuṣvasamaveta eveṣyata iti pādau prasārya tiṣṭhato nedamuttaramityarthaḥ| tasmādanavasthāprasaḍgāvatāraṇāyaivedamuktamityāha---samavāyaścetīti| yadyapyupādhikathanenaiva vṛttimattvasya prāptidharmatvaṃ nirākṛtam, tathāpi prāptitvasyānaikāntikatvasūcanāya punarapyanavasthāprasaṅgamavatārayati---atheti| anavasthābhiyā avaśyamantataḥ kācit prāptiśca na ca vṛttimatīti svīkartavyam, tataśca tathaiva prāptimattvamanaikāntikamityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p108) athānavasthāsvīkāre ko doṣa ityāśaḍkya nirākaroti---nanviyamiti| anāditāyāṃ hyaḍkurotpādānuguṇasamayasaṃbhavinā bījena janite'ḍkureṇa janite bīje vartamānaṃ bījatvaṃ tasyāḍkurapūrvakatāmavagamayatīti yujyate, avikalasya hetoḥ pramāṇasya vidyamānatvāt| idaṃprathamatāyāṃ tu kāryotpādānuguṇasamaye bhaviṣyatpravāhasyāsattvāt prathamasyānutpāde tadāśrayasya hetostasminnasatyāśrayāsiddhatayā sarvasyāgamakatve pramāṇābhāva ityarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p109) abhyupetakaṇādāptatvasya śāstravirodhaścetyādi| kāryamakṛtakasaṃbandhavaditi pratijñāyāṃ ghaṭāderbhūtalādināpyakṛtaka eva saṃbandhaḥ syāt, sa cāniṣṭa iti pratijñāṃ viśinaṣṭi---svopādāneneti| svasamavāyinetyarthaḥ| kāryamiti ca samavetamātropalakṣaṇaparam, anyathā jātyādiṣu vipakṣeṣu saṃbhave hetorvirodhaḥ syāt| athavā pratijñā yathāśrutaiva, ādhāravattvādityatrādhāraśabdena nāśrayamātraṃ vivakṣitam, kiṃ tvadhikaraṇaṃ kārakam| ### [11.4.p110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p110) tenādhikaraṇakārakavattvād ityarthaḥ| na ca vācyam---kārakavattvamātreṇaiva paryāptau kimadhikaraṇagrahaṇeneti, pradhvaṃsena virodhaprasaḍgāt| na kāryasya kāryaḥ saṃbandha ityarthaḥ| mithaḥ saṃbadhyete| ādhāryādhārabhāvenāvatiṣṭhete ityarthaḥ| so'pi samavāye nāsti samavāyāntarābhāvādityarthaḥ| sannapyasau na kāryamādhāravat karoti, svasamavāyenaiva tasyādhāravattvāt, tadabhāve tvekārthasamavāyo'pi na syādityarthaḥ| sahotpāde kāryamanādhāraṃ syāt| sarvadeti śeṣaḥ| samavāyikāraṇābhāve'samavāyikāraṇaśaḍkāpi nāsti, tatpratyāsannasvabhāvatvāt tasyetyabhiprāyavatā tadupekṣya nimittamātrādutpattirāśaḍkya nirākṛtā|| ### [11.4.p111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p111) nanu vidhīyamānaniṣidhyamānavyatirekeṇa jagati na svatantro nāma| tat kathaṃ dharmatraividhyamityata āha---atra ceti| vidhīyamāno vartamāna ityarthaḥ| pratiṣidhyamānaḥ avartamāna ityarthaḥ| tatra ye vartamānāḥ, teṣāṃ kaścit paratantro vṛttimānityarthaḥ| kaścit svatantro vṛttirahita ityarthaḥ| pratiṣidhyamānāstu paratantrā na santi, asattvādeva iti| tadevaṃ vidhīyamānaḥ svatantro vidhīyamānaḥ paratantraḥ pratiṣidhyamānaḥ svatantraśceti tisro vidhā ityarthaḥ| ### [11.4.p112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p112) tadevamavartamāno gharmaḥ pratiṣidhyamānatayaiva vyavahriyate, na cāsau pratyakṣaviṣayaḥ, kiṃ tvanumānaviṣaya iti darśitam| taccānupapannamiti śaḍkāvārttikārtham āha---nanviti| asannityuddeśyam| tenāyamarthaḥ, asannavartamāno na kevalaṃ pratiṣedhavyavahāraviṣayaḥ, kiṃ tu vidhīyamāno'pi, vidhivyavahāraviṣayo'pi| evamasau na kevalam anumānaviṣayaḥ, pratyakṣaśca| kvacit pratyakṣaviṣayaścetyarthaḥ| kketyata āha---yatheti| kathamasau vidhīyamāna ityata āha---jāyamāna iti| kathamasau pratyakṣaviṣaya ityata āha---visphāriteti| kathamasāvavartamāna ityata āha---na cāsāviti| asattayā sattayā vānabhyupagamāditi sattāyā jāyamānatayā virodhāt, asattayā vidhiviṣayatayeti bhāvaḥ| kathaṃ nābhyupagamyate na hi sattāsattābhyāmanyaḥ prakāro'stītyata āha---niṣedhaviṣayatayā tviti| vidhīyamānatāpakṣe hi jāyamānatābhyupagame ubhayathāpi virodho, na tu pratiṣidhyamānatāpakṣe'pītyarthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p113) tasmāt jāyamāne ghaṭe na vidhāyakapratyakṣapravṛttiḥ, virodhāt| niṣedhakaṃ taṃ pratyakṣaṃ pravartamānamapi tanniṣedhameva gocarayet, na tu niṣedhyaṃ ghaṭam| tataḥ siddho viṣayabheda iti sāram| upapādanīya iti satkāryavādamapanīya| apare tviti| arthātirekamātram| arthapadātirekamātram| evamuttaratrāpi|| ### [11.4.p114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p114) nanu kenaitaduktam, yadubhayapadavyabhicāra eva viśeṣaṇasamāso bhavatītyata āha---viśeṣaṇamiti| nanu tathāpyubhayorapi pṛthivīdravyaśabdayorūbhayavācitvāt kathaṃ viśeṣapratipattirityata āha---na ceti| na hi bhavati pṛthivītvaṃ dravyatvamityupalakṣaṇam| pṛthivītvaṃ dravyam, dravyatvaṃ ca pṛthivītyapi na bhavatītyapi draṣṭavyam| na ca nāntarīyakārthaśabdayorapīyameva gatirastviti vācyam, aniyamaprasaḍgāt| nāntarīyakatvārthayorapi sāmānādhikaraṇyādarthatvanāntarīkayorapīti| tatastadvyavacchedārthaṃ punarapi prayatnāntaramāstheyam|| ### [11.4.p115](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p115) tasmādanekārthatve'pi viśeṣapara evāyaṃ nāntarīyakaśabda ityakāmenāpyabhyupeyam| tathā ca pūrvadūṣaṇānivṛttiriti| nanu aniyataprasareṇāsati nāstīti sahiteneṣṭalābho yadyapi tathāpi sarvathā sapakṣāvṛttirasādhāraṇo'pi nivartayitavyaḥ, na hi pakṣavyāpako vipakṣe ca nāstyevaitāvataiva tasya nirākaraṇam, tasyāpyevaṃbhūtatvāt| tasmāt tattulye sadbhāva iti kartavyamevetyāśaḍkyāha---prasaktamapratiṣiddhamanumatameveti| prasaktasya pratiṣedhādupādāne tadviparītasya hānamarthāyātamityarthaḥ| na cāsaṃbhavo'pi prasakto, yenāniṣedhāt ### [11.4.p116](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p116) tasyāpyupādāne tadviparītahānaṃ saṃbhāvyeta| prathame pade saṃbhavasya vidheyatvena ivāsaṃbhavasya niṣedhyatvenānupādānāditi| samuccīyamānetyādi vaicitryeṇa hi nipātasaṃbandhe vākyabhedaprasaṅgaḥ, athaikavākyatvamicchannavaicitryeṇaiva nipātasaṃbandhamicchedityarthaḥ| etadevānūdyamānasamuccayamāśaḍkyamānaḥ sphuṭayati---na ceti| uditaṃ hyanūdyate, natvanuditam na cobhayatvaviśiṣṭaṃ havirūditam| kiṃ tu havirmātram| tathā cānuvādapakṣe ubhayatvamavivakṣitam| ubhayatvavivakṣāyāṃ tu nāyamanuvādaḥ, kiṃ tu vāda eva| tathā ca vākyabhedaḥ| evaṃ dārṣṭāntike'pi yadi sādhyāyogavyacchedaviśiṣṭo heturūditaḥ, yuktamidānīṃ yattathāsāvanūdyate, na tvetadasti| hetumātraṃ tvaviśiṣṭamuddiṣṭam| viśiṣṭasya tu tasyāyameva prathamo vādāvatāraḥ| tadyadi yasyetyayamanuvādo, nūnamanumeye sadbhāva evetyavivakṣitaṃ viśeṣaṇam, vivakṣite tasminnanenaiva vākyena viśiṣṭo vādaḥ kartavyaḥ| paścādidamevāvṛttyānuvāda iti vākyabheda ityarthaḥ| so'yaṃ prayatnāntarīyasthānaśabdasyārthaḥ|| ### [11.4.p117](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p117) nanu yadyanūdyamānamaśakyaṃ viśeṣṭum, athārtirapi kathaṃ haviṣā viśeṣyata ityata āha---atra hi yadyapīti| ananyagatikatvāt prāptena haviṣā viśeṣaṇamārteḥ| ubhayatvasya tu na pūrvaprāptatvam, nāpi tadantareṇārtiraśakyapratipattiḥ, sādhyāyomavyavacchedaḥ api hetorīdṛśa ityarthaḥ| yadyevamubhayavacanaṃ kimarthamityata āha---pratīyamānamapi ubhayatvamavivakṣitam| viśeṣaṇatayeti śeṣaḥ|| ### [11.4.p118](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p118) ayaṃ vākyārthaḥ| ārtiviśeṣaṇatayā havistāvadupādātavyam, tasya cājyapuroḍāśādyanekarūpatvādubhayatvamapyastīti prāyikatayā tadapyupāttam| tenedaṃ siddhaṃ bhavati, ekamanekaṃ vā haviryasyārtimārcchedityādi| ubhayatvavivakṣāpakṣe tu naikaikahavirārtau prāyaścittavidhiḥ syāditi doṣaḥ|| ### [11.4.p119](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p119) na caivamastviti vācyam, vākyabhedaprasaṅgasya tādavasthyāditi| na cānumeye sadbhāva eva, tattulya eva sadbhāva iti vākyadvayamevedamubhayavidhāyakamastu, ko doṣa iti vācyam, trirūpasaṃpannasya heturūpasyaikasyārthasyālābhaprasaḍgāt| vākyabhede hyavaśyamarthabheda iti nyāyāt| śaṅkate---atheti| ### [11.4.p120](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4.p120) avāntaravākyabhede'pi mahāvākyasyaikatvāt, vivakṣitaikārthapratilambha iti śaḍkārthaḥ|| ## Linked texts (4) - [Ratnakīrtinibandhāvalī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.nibandhavali-ratnakirti.663) — Ratnakīrti, Sanskrit - [Vādarahasya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.vadarahasya.60) — Ratnakīrti, Sanskrit - [Jñānaśrīmitranibandhāvalī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.bauddha.sanskrit.darsana.pramana.nibandhavali-jnanasrimitra.1.3.96) — Jñānaśrīmitra, Sanskrit - [Ātmatattvaviveka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.atmatattvaviveka.3.p84) — Udayana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4) · Pramāṇa