[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Nyayabhashya (complete text)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete) › 11 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 11: prathamāhnikama Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 11 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [11.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.1) — 56 parts - [11.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.2) — 291 parts - [11.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.4) — 120 parts - [11.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.5) — 24 parts - [11.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.6) — 43 parts - [11.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.8) — 9 parts - [11.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.9) — 30 parts - [11.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.10) — 7 parts - [11.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.11) — 7 parts - [11.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.13) — 25 parts - [11.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.14) — 4 parts - [11.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.15) — 3 parts - [11.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.16) — 3 parts - [11.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.18) — 2 parts - [11.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.19) — 2 parts - [11.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.20) — 2 parts - [11.20-2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.20-2) — 3 parts - [11.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.21) — 7 parts - [11.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.22) — 27 parts - [11.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.23) — 5 parts - [11.15-2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.15-2) — 2 parts - [11.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.25) — 5 parts - [11.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.27) — 2 parts - [11.30-2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.30-2) — 1 part - [11.30-3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.30-3) — 4 parts - [11.32-2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.32-2) — 8 parts - [11.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.33) — 11 parts - [11.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.34) — 26 parts - [11.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.36) — 5 parts - [11.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.37) — 6 parts - [11.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.38) — 6 parts - [11.38-2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.38-2) — 4 parts - [11.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.39) — 4 parts - [11.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.40) — 3 parts - [11.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.41) — 2 parts ### prathamāhnikama ### [11.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p1) ||nyāyavārttikatātparyapariśuddhiḥ|| ### [11.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p2) mātaḥ sarasvati punaḥ punaraṣa natvā ### [11.p3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p3) baddhā\*jaliḥ kimapi vijñapayāmyavaihi| ### [11.p4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p4) vākcetasormama tathā bhava sāvadhānā ### [11.p5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p5) vācaspatervacasi na skhalato yathaite|| ### [11.p6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p6) viśvārādhya ityatra viśvaśabdena saṃsāricetanavargo vivakṣitaḥ, tasyaiva tadārādhakatvāt| viśveśāna ityatra samīhitaphalasaṃdohaḥ, tasya bhagavadekādhīnatvāt| viśvakṛdityatropādānasamūhaḥ, tasyaiva tatkṛtivyāpyatvāt| viśvasaṃhārakārītyatra yāvadanityanivahaḥ, tasyaiva tadvināśyatvāt| viśvaśaktirityatra yāvatkāryāstomaḥ, tasyaiva ### [11.p7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p7) tacchaktiviṣayatvāt| viśvajñātetyatra yāva\*jñeyaprapa\*caḥ, tasyaiva pajjñānaviṣayatvāt| viśvavyāpīyatra yāvanmūrttimaddravyarāśiḥ, tasyaiva viśeṣatastadvyāpyatvāt| itarasya tu taddvārā| viśvamūrtirityatra yāvatkārakagrāmaḥ, tasyaiva sākṣāt tatprayatnādhiṣṭheyatayā asmadādiśarīrasamānatvāt| ataeva na tatra śarīrāntarāpekṣā, sākṣātprayantānadhiṣṭheyeṣu hi sā syāt daṇḍādivat| na tu sākṣātprayatnādhiṣṭheyeṣu śarīravat| pinākīti tu viśiṣṭaśastradhāradhamittaka nāmasaṃkortanena prārabdhavighnasya protsāraṇameva samīhitamiti sūcayati| hetuhetumadbhāvena śaḍkottarābhyāṃ yojanā jyāyasī| yathāvasthitayojanāyāṃ tu arthapaunarūktyaprasarktā stutitvameva samādhānamadhyavaseyam iti|| ### [11.p8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p8) namāmītyādi| dharmo nivartakaḥ| vijñānaṃ śarīrādiviviktātmasākṣātkāraḥ| vairāgyaṃ rāgābhāvaḥ| eaiśvaryaṃ bhūtendriyajayaḥ| tacchānipe, ataeca nidhaye vāgviśaddhīnām| adharmahetuko hyavivekaḥ| avivekahetukamavairāgyam, avairāgyamūlamanaiśvaryam| tanmūlāśca vacasāmaviśuddhayaḥ| tistraḥ khalvetāḥ| tatra prathamā nirabhidhayatā| dvitīyā viparītāmidheyatā| tṛtīyā niṣprayojanāmigheyatā| tā etāḥ kathaṃ bhūtendriyajayino mahāmunerbhaviṣyanti? ajitabhūtasya hi vivakṣostathāvidhaprayatnāniṣpatternirabhidheyā vāk bhavati| ajitendriyasya ca viparyāsavipralipsāhetuko viparītārtho vacanasandarbhaḥ| ajitamanasaśca pramādonmādavato niṣprayojanaḥ| etāśca vacasāmaviśuddhīḥ chalajātinigrahasthāneṣu sūtrakāra eva prapa\*cayiṣyati| so'yaṃ na tatheti bhavati vāgviśuddhīnāṃ nidhiḥ| ataeva tāyī tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇakṣamasaṃpradāyapravartakaḥ|| ### [11.p9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p9) evaṃ parāparagurūn natvā śiṣyabuddhisamādhānāya samāhitavaiśiṣṭyaṃ darśayati--grantheti| nanu tātparyaṭīketi vadatā pravṛttipāṭavārthaṃ granthasaṃkṣepo darśitaḥ, na ca śiṣyāṇāṃ kathantāsaṃboghavidhurāṇāṃ rāddhāntamātraparigrahaḥ saṃkṣepato vivakṣitaḥ| tathātve vā upaniṣada eva santu| santu vā śavamuṣṭinyāyenācāryopadeśāḥ| kimanenetyata āha--nirastākhiladūṣaṇeti| nanvevaṃ granthatātparyāṃ vyākhyeyam, dūṣaṇāni ca nirasyānīti punarapi granthagauravamityata āha--granthavyākhyācchalenaiveti|| ### [11.p10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p10) nanu cirantare'smin nibandhe mahājanaparigṛhīte bahavo nibandhāstathāvidhāḥ santīti kṛtamanene ityata āha-- icchāmīti| nanu yadi granthakārasaṃpradāyavicchedena te nibandhāḥ, kathaṃ kunibandhāḥ? atha saṃpradāyo vicchinnaḥ, kathaṃ tavāpīyaṃ vicchinnasaṃpradāyā tātparyaṭīkā sunibandha ityata āha--atijaratīnāmiti| uddyotakarasaṃpradāyo hyamūṣāṃ yauvanam| tacca kālaparipākavaśād galitamiva| kiṃ nāmātra trilocanaguroḥ sakāśādupadeśarasāyanamāsāditamamūṣāṃ ### [11.p11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p11) punarnavībhāvāya dīyata iti yujyate| na ca kunibandhapaṅkamagnānāṃ taddātumucitamatastasmādutkṛṣya svanibandhasthale sanniveśanarūpasamuddharaṇameva sāṃpratamityarthaḥ|| ### [11.p12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p12) tatra bhagavato'kṣapādasya muniṣu madhye pravaratvaṃ śrutyādibhya eva suprasiddham kimanena saṃkīrtanena? na caitadatiśayena sāṃpratamupayujyate| jagadupaśamanidānaśāstrapraṇetṛtvaṃ ca tasya tatpraṇayanameva prakaṭayadasti| tenāpi kiṃ prakaṭitena? svanibandhasya tadviṣayatāpi tadvyākhyānādeva labhyata iti| kiṃ tayāpi kathitayā? na cāsya nyāyamahodadherūttānatāpratibhāsa evāgrataḥ kartumucitaḥ| tasmād bhavitavyamatra tātparyeṇa| tadāha--atheti| tadapanīyata iti| taditi digrāgādisamutthāpitaṃ śāstrācchādakaṃ kuhetusaṃtamasamapaneyatvena parāmṛśatā śāstrasyaivāyaṃ nibandha iti darśitam| bhāṣyasya ca tadvivaraṇarūpasya śāstraśarīrarūpatayā na śāstrādādhikyaṃ manyate, mīmāṃsāyā iva vedāt| ata eva nātratyaṭīkāyāḥ vāttikāntena virodhaḥ| etena śāstrasya yo nibandho bhāṣyagranthaḥ sa kutārkikājñānanivṛttihetuḥ kariṣyata iti vyākhyānaṃ ṭīkāvirodhenopekṣaṇīyam| nanu sūtroktaprayojanānuvādaḥ punaḥ kimartham? na hīdamanūdya kii\*cad vidheyaṃ pratiṣedhyaṃ veha vidyate ityata āha--sūtreti| atha svanibandhasya prayojanavattāpradarśanena kiṃ siddhyatītyata āha--prekṣāvaditi| nanu vyutpitsavo vyutpattimaghikṛtya pravartante| ato vyutpādanapravṛttau vyutpattirevāmīṣāṃ prayojanamiti kimapareṇa prayojanenetyata āha--vyutpādamātrasyeti| ### [11.p13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p13) dvividhaṃ hi prayojanaṃ mukhyaṃ gauṇa ca| tatra mukhyaṃ puruṣārtha eva| itarat tu tadaṅgamiti| tatra mukhyārthinaḥ tatsādhānamabhyarthayamānāḥ tatra pravartanta iti tadapi prayojanamevati| ato mukhye prayojane sati gauṇaṃ prayojanam, ### [11.p14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p14) tasmistvasati tadapi na syāditi niṣprayojanataivāvatiṣṭhate| na ca svātantryeṇaivāsya mukhyaṃ prayojanamastītyato yasyedamaṅga tasya mukhyaṃ prayojanamastīti darśite prekṣāvān pravarttito bhavatītyabhisandhiḥ vārttikakṛta ityarthaḥ| ito'pi ### [11.p15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p15) ṭīkākhaṇḍalakādantarbhāvitaphalavatsannidhāvaphalaṃ tadaṅgamiti nyāyāt| śāstrāṅgāmevedaṃ na bhāṣyāṅgamiti mantavyam| na hi bhāṣyasya svātantryeṇa mukhyaṃ prayojanamasti yena vārttikaṃ tadaṅgatāmiyāt| tasmād yathāśruti sundaramiti|| ### [11.p16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p16) nanu karmendriyaniyamaḥ śama iti suprasiddhaṃ śānto dānta ityādiupaniṣatsu, na cāsau puruṣārthaḥ| ato na mukhyaṃ prayojanamityata āha--atra ceti| nanu jagataḥ śamāyeti durghaṭam, asaṃbhāvitātvādaśakyātvācca| na tāvat kaścit jagadupacikīrṣuḥ kvacit pravartate yato munerapi tathātvaṃ saṃbhāvayāmaḥ| paṭhanti ca--munerapi vanasthasyetyādi| na ca śakyametat, bubhukṣūṇāṃ pravartayitumaśakyatvāt| na ca jagadeva mumukṣati| tasmādanuṣṭhātaiva vyutpādyaḥ śāstrāntaralabdhabrāhmaṇatvadirūpaḥ śiṣyaḥ| tasya ca rūpāṇi śamadamādisaṃpattiḥ nityānityavivekaḥ aihikāmuṣmikabhāgavairāgyaṃ mumukṣutā ceti| yastu anadhikāryeva pravartate karmakāṇḍa iva brahmakāṇḍe sa na phalabhāg bhavati| tatraitat syāt| na tāvadupeyaviṣayeyamadhikāracintā, tasya puruṣaprayatnāviṣayatvāt, iṣyamāṇatāmātrasya cāniṣadhāt| kiṃ nāma upāyaviṣayā, tasyaiva śāstraviṣayatvāt, puruṣapravṛttiviṣayatvācca| iha cāpavarga iva tadarthatayā tattvajñānamapyupeyameva, asiddhatvāt| upāyastu pramāṇam, na ca vedādhyayanavadanumānasya pratyakṣasya copādānaṃ śūdrādikaṃ prati niṣiddham, yena tatrāpyetasyānadhikāraḥ syāt| tathā sati dhūmādapi vahimadhigacchan pratyakṣād vā pratyavāyī syāt, adhīyāna iva vedam| na cātmagocare pratyakṣānumāne śūdrāderviśeṣato niṣiddhe snātasya caṇḍāladarśanamiva brāhmaṇādeḥ prāyaścittānupadeśāt pratyuta striyo vaiśyāstathā śūdrā ye cānye pāpayonayaḥ| ### [11.p17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p17) ityādismṛteradhikāra evāvasīyate| tasmād yathā sa eva viśiṣṭaḥ svargo vaidikayāgādyanadhikṛtenāpi upāyāntareṇa traivarṇikaśuśrūṣādinā sādhyate, tathopāyānteṇānumānādinā yadyātmādhigamaḥ kriyate śūdreṇāpi, tadā kīdṛśo doṣaḥ? satyam, kiṃ tvanumānamapyāgamāvirodhenānusandhīyamānamathaniścāyakam, natu tadviruddhamapi| yadāha--yattu pratyakṣāgamaviruddhaṃ nyāyābhāsaḥ saḥ iti| sa cāgamāvirodhādavirodhaniścayaḥ tadarthaniścayādhīnaḥ| tatra cānadhikṛta evāyaṃ śūdrāti| tannirapekṣastu anumānamātraśaraṇo naraśiraḥpāvitryādivadanarthameva samāsādayet| tasmādāgamaikavākyatayā pravṛtte śāstre tadadhikāryevādhikārīti śūdrādayo'nadhikṛtā iva| ato yāvadadhikāriparo'yaṃ jagacchabda iti kecit| tatrāha--paramakārūṇiko hīti| santyeva hi kecit karuṇāmṛdumanaso yeṣāṃ jagadeva mitram| anyathā bhūtevo'bhayaṃ dattveti vidhivaiyarthyaprasaṅgaḥ| niṣkāraṇameva paraduḥkhaprahāṇecchā kāruṇyam| sā ca yathaikaṃ duḥkhita paśyato bhavati, tathā jagadeva duḥkhita paśyataḥ kiṃ na syāt? bhavati cet--tatprahāṇopāyapravṛttau kā nāmānupapattiḥ? nanu ### [11.p18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p18) karuṇārdrahṛdayo'pyaṃ vyutpisumeva vyutpādayenna tu viparītam, na hi badhireṣu gāyano gāyatītyata āha--tatra yadi na kaściditi| na hi rogī mandabhāgyatayā carakādyupadeśe na pravartata iti tadarthatā tasya nivartata ityarthaḥ|| ### [11.p19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p19) nanvanadhikṛtavyutpādane pratyavāyamātrakamapaśyannayaṃ kathamavadheyavacanaḥ syāt, paśyan vā na pravarteta? kāruṇikatayā paśyannapi pravartate cet, pramādī syāt| tathā ca paralokādabibhyato'sya vacane kaḥ śraddhāsyatītyata āha--na ceti| yadyapi prahīnamohatvādevāsya pāpapuṇyayorutpattireva nāsti, vakṣyati hi na pravṛttiḥ pratisandhānāya hīnakleśasyeti| ### [11.p20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p20) tathāpi kleśahānerdurūhatvāt pratyavāyotpattimabhyupagamya tadabhāvāya tapaḥprabhāva uktaḥ| nanvevamapi prakṣālanāddhi paṅkasya dūrādasparśanaṃ varam| ### [11.p21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p21) ityata āha--tathā ceti| na hi gāḥ paṅkamagnāḥ paṅkapralepabhayādanukampāparavaśāḥ samarthā noddharanti| api tūddhṛtya paḍkaṃ prakṣālayantītyarthaḥ| nanu yadyanadhikṛtaḥ kathaṃ phalabhāgī, tathā cet kathamanadhikṛta ityabhisandhāyoktaṃ prapa\*cayati--tapaḥprabhāva eva hīti| yathā hi teṣāṃ tapaḥprabhāvādevaṃvidhāḥ pāpmāno vilīyante, tathā tapaḥprabhāvādeva satyasaṃkalpatayā anadhikāriṇo'pi phalabhāgina iti na kaścid virodhaḥ| na ca phalāpekṣayā teṣāmanadhikāraḥ| kiṃ tarhi? karmāpekṣayā| anadhikṛtena tu kṛtaṃ karma viguṇaṃ sanna phalāṃya paryāptamityapi na, viśiṣṭayājakasādguṇyādeva tasya paripūrṇatvāt| yājaka eva tvayājyaṃ yājayan pratyavāyamāsādayet, rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇanniva vidvān| sa ca tīvratadeṇa tapasaiva vilīyata ityarthaḥ| tarhi mahājano yena gataḥ sa panthāḥ| ### [11.p22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p22) iti nyāyena vayamapyanadhikṛtān vyutpādayāma ityata āha--na ceti| nanu kutārkikāṇāmajñānaṃ nivartayatā kimanena śāstrasyopakṛtaṃ syādityāha--kutārkikairiti| ajñānamasamyagjñānam|| ### [11.p23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p23) iha karmārambhe prārabdhasyāntarāyaviraheṇa parisamāpti kāmayamānā abhīṣṭadevatā namaskārapūrvakaṃ prekṣāvantaḥ pravartante| dṛśyate ca tatra tatra bahuśoṃ vyabhicāraḥ kṛtanamaskārasyāpi samīhitāsiddheḥ, viparītasyāpi samīhitasiddhaḥ, ### [11.p24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p24) viparītasyāpi samīhitāsiddheḥ| na cātra ### [11.p25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p25) vṛṣṭikāmaḥ kārīrī nirvapet| ### [11.p26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p26) itivat prārabdhaparisamāptikāmo devatāṃ namaskuryāditi śrutirasti, yena vyabhicore'pi karmakartṛsādhanavaiguṇyaṃ kalpayāmaḥ| tasmāda rthakāma iha vaṭe prativasantaṃ yakṣaṃ pūjayeditiva daprāmāṇikaprasiddhivijṛmbhitametadityabhisandhāya kimu na kṛto vāttikakṛtā iṣṭadevatānamaskāra ityata āha--avigīteti| pratyakṣamivāvigītaśiṣṭācāro'pi śrutisadbhāve pramāṇameva, nirmūlasya ca śiṣṭācārasyāsambhavāt| apramāṇamūlakasya ca prāmāṇikavigānavirahānupapatteḥ| tathā ca satyabhāvaḥ karmakartṛsādhanavaiguṇyamavalambate| asati ca bhāvo janmāntarīyasukṛtasaṃpattim| anvayavyatirekābhāvadarśanaṃ tvāgametarapramāṇagocaraṃ kāryakāraṇabhāvamapākarotītyarthaḥ| yadyavaṃ kimanena na kṛta ityata āha--parameti| yadi kṛtaḥ tat kimindraluptena gataḥ, yena na dṛśyata ityata āha--na niveśita iti| atraiva dṛṣṭānto na khalviti| na khalviṣṭadevatānamaskāravat tanniveśanamapi kvacidupayujyata ityarthaḥ| nanvevaṃbhūtaṃ śiṣṭācāraṃ śiṣyā api grāhayitavyāḥ| na ca tanniveśanavyatirekeṇa te grāhitāḥ syurityata āha--maṅgalyāntara vaditi|| ### [11.p27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p27) tatreti| śāstre vyākhyātavye| nanu daṇḍakasūtrasyānuvādo nāstītyata uktaṃ saṃkṣepata iti| nanvādisūtratvamasya suprasiddhameva, abhisaṃbandhavākyatvāt, tatkimanena udīritenetyata āha--ādigrahaṇeneti| nanu śāstraniḥśreyasayoranena saṃbandho varṇyate, tataḥ saṃbandhavākyamidamiti yuktam, abhistu kimarthamityata āha--abhimata iti| asti hi śāstraniḥśreyasayorvācyavāyakabhāvalakṣaṇo'pi saṃbandhaḥ, na cāsāvihābhimtaḥ, prekṣāvatpravṛttyanaṅgatvāt| na hi vācakād vācyapratītervācyasya niṣpattiḥ, yato mumukṣurvācake pravartatām| upāye tūpeyārtho pravartate| tena hetuhetumadbhāva eva vivakṣita ityarthaḥ| nanu nātra śāstram, tasya niḥśreyasahetutvaṃ vā śrūyata ityata āha--pramāṇādīti| rūḍhapadātikrame kiṃ tātparyamityata āha--na hīti| yadyapi śiṣyate anuśiṣyate pramāṇādikamaneneti śāstramiti vyutpattyā atrāpi kāraṇatā gamyate, tathāpi śāsakasaṃbaddhavyāpāravattayā, na tu śiṣyasaṃbaddhavyāpāravattayā| sā ceha vivakṣitā| anyathā pramāṇādīni tattvato jñātvāpi tāvanna mucyate ### [11.p28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p28) yāvannānuśiṣyāditi| tadidamuktam--padārthatattvāvagamakaraṇatayeti na svarūpeṇeti ca| nanu hetutvakaraṇatve na viṣayabhedena bhavitumarhata ityata āha--teneti|| ### [11.p29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p29) ubhayorapi hetuḥ śāstraṃ karaṇaṃ ca| kiṃ tu padārthatattve jñāpakatayā niḥśreyase tadvyāpāravataḥ karaṇatayetyarthaḥ| tadidamuktam--tathā ceti| evaṃ ca sati śāstrasya niḥśreyase karttavye padārthatattvajñānasya nirūktibalena vyāpāratve darśite vyāpāravyāpāriṇoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ| tathā vyāpāravatā śāstreṇa vyāpāraviṣayasya pramāṇādeḥ pratipādyapratipādakabhāvaḥ| tathā vyāpāraviṣayeṇa pramāṇādinā vyāpārasya tattvajñānasya viṣayaviṣayībhāvaḥ| tathā vyāpāreṇa tattvajñānena vyāpārulasya niḥśreyasasya kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ| tathā vyāpāraviṣayaphalayorhetuhetumadbhāvaḥ saṃbandha sūcito nāntarīyakatvāt| na hyataddhetukastadvacāpāro nāma, nāpyatatkarma tadvacāpāraviṣayaḥ, nāpi tatphalānanuguṇastadvacāpāraḥ, tadvacāpāraviṣayo veti pajcasu vaktavyeṣu upalakṣaṇārthaṃ dvayamāha--śāstrapramāṇāditi| enameva vyutpattilabhyaṃ vyāpāramabhipretya tattvasya jñānamiti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī ### [11.p30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p30) bhāṣyakāreṇa darśiteti na karaṇavyutpattirvirūddhā|| ### [11.p31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p31) nanu śiṣyācāryaśāstratadvyākhyānānāmapi saṃbandhāḥ kaiścit samānatāntrikaiḥ pradarśitāḥ| te kasmānna pradarśyante ityata āha--tadidamabhidheyeti| na hrāstītyetāvanmātreṇaiva pradarśanīyam| kiṃ nāma? yāvatyapratipādite prekṣāvatpravṛttirna syāt, tāvat pradarśyate| na ca śiṣyācāryādisaṃbandhāḥ prekṣāvatpravṛttyaṅgam, teṣāṃ pravṛttiphalatvāt| pravṛttyuttarakālaṃ hi śiṣyaḥ pratipādyaḥ, pratipādakaścācāryaḥ, śāstraṃ vyākhyeyam, vyākhyātā ca sa ityādi sidhyati| na ca śāstrācāryādīnāṃ svarūpapratipādanamapyupayujyate, pramāṇāntarasiddhatvāt| tasmāt prayojanamabhidhayaṃ tayoḥ saṃbandho'bhidheyastaddvārā śāstrasya prayojanena saṃbandha ityetadarthatveme prathamasūtrasya nyāyyamityarthaḥ| nanu yasya mithyājñānaṃ saṃsāraṃ pratanoti tasyaiva tattvajñānaṃ niḥśreyasahetuḥ, ātmā ca tathā, tadanyeṣāṃ tu śāstrābhidheyānāmapi na niḥśreyasahetutvam| tathā ca na niḥśreyasasaṃbandhaḥ ityata āha--yatpadārtheti|| ### [11.p32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p32) nanu pramāṇādipadārthatattvajñānasya yadi niḥśreyasahetutā śāstrapravṛtteḥ pūrvameva pramāṇasiddhā niṣprayojanaṃ śāstre prayojanābhidhānam, mānāntarasiddhe upadeśānapekṣaṇāt| atheta eva tanniścayo dusttaramitaretarāśrayatvam| pravṛtto hi prayojanaṃ niścinuyāt| niścitaprayojanaśca pravarteta| na ca pravṛtteḥ prāgeva munivacanānniścinoti, prathamasūtra eva prayojanāniścayena pravṛttyanupapatteḥ| tatrāpi ca pravṛttyarthaṃ prayojanāntarābhidhāne'navasthā| tadaniśvaye'pyādyā pravṛttiścet, uttarottarapravṛttāvapi tathātvaprasaṅgaḥ| tasmāt prayojanādyabhidhānamanarthakamiti kecit| tadanupapannam| tridhā hi puṃsāṃ cittavṛttayaḥ, anubhava icchā prayatnaśceti| tatrānubhavo necchāmanuvidhatte, aniṣṭasyāpyupalabdheḥ| icchā tu puruṣārthe svarasotthitā, tatsādhane ca tathātvānumānotthāpyā| prayatnastu sādhanaviṣaya eva| tatra sādhanagocarāvicchaprayatnau| ādyā pravṛttirityucyate, na tvanubhavaḥ| phalagocarā vā icchā pravṛttiḥ, cena tayorapi prayojananiścayāpekṣā syāt| na ### [11.p33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p33) hyupekṣaṇīyaṃ niṣprayojanamiti nānubhūyate| nāpi sukhaṃ prayojanāntaraśūnyakiti neṣyate| nāpi mumukṣuṇānapekṣite svarge yāgādikaṃ tatsādhanatayā nānubhūyate| puruṣārthasādhane tvicchālakṣaṇā vā prayatnalakṣaṇā vā pravṛttirna svarasasiddhā| na hi kaścit kṣudhī duḥkhaprahāṇaṃ tṛptisauhityasukha vā ananusaṃdhāyānnamattumicchati prayatate vā| tasmād yatra yaḥ pravartayitavyaḥ sa tatsādhyamarthaṃ daśayitvā, yataśca yo nivartayitavyaḥ sa tatsādhyamanarthaṃ darśayitveti| uktaṃ pracojanādikam| tattu śrotā kathaṃ śraddhāsyati, aśraddadhāno vā kathaṃ pravartsyatītyavaśiṣyate| tatrāha--viniściteti| yadyapi munerāptatvāvadhāraṇe prayojanānabhidhāne'pi prayojanasāmānyaniścayo bhavatyeva prayojanavadidaṃ śāstramāptoktatvāditi , tathāpi nāsau pravṛttyaṅgam| na hi prayojanavadityeva pravartate| kiṃ tarhi? asmadapekṣitaprayojanavadidamiti kṛtvā| sa ca prayojanaviśeṣo vacanādevāvasīyata iti sārthakametadabhidhānam| tadidamuktam--prayojanādi viniścitya| viśeṣata iti śeṣaḥ| viniścayaśca śāstropāyakamevedaṃ niḥśreyasamityākāro na tvavaśyaṃbhāviprayojanākāraḥ, kṛṣyādāvavagrahādivadatrāpyantarāyasaṃbhavāt| tadidaṃ prayojanasya pravartakatvamuddeśyatayā, na tu pravṛttiviṣayatayā| tena neṣṭābhyupāyatāvidhivirodhaḥ|| ### [11.p34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p34) nanu munerāptatvāniścaye kiṃ tadvacane pravṛttirnāstyeva? tathā sati tasyāptatvaniścayo'pi kathamityata āha--āptatvāniścaye tvarthasaṃśayāt| śāstrasādhyatayeti śeṣaḥ| nanu saṃśayānasya kathaṃ prekṣāvataḥ pravṛttiritya āha--na khalviti| yadyapi ca sasyādhigamasya kṛṣyādisādhyatayā saṃśayo nāsti, tathāpi bhaviṣyattayā astyeva| tathāpi tamuddiśya prekṣāvantaḥ pravartante| yathā ca tatra śataikāṃśikaḥ phalābhāvaḥ phalakoṭistūtkaṭā tathātrāpi| na hīndriyāpātajo'yaṃ saṃśayaḥ| kiṃ nāma? āptatvāviniścayahetukāprāmāṇyaśaḍkyā samākṛṣṭaḥ| vastutastu sūtrāt prayojanādiniścayākārameva vijñānamityarthaḥ| nanu saṃśayaḥ prayojanādivākyābhāve'pi sulabhaḥ, viśeṣasmṛtistu arthitvaviśeṣāt bhaviṣyatītyāha--na ceti| yadvacanena hi yaḥ pravartate sa tadvacanādeva viśeṣasmṛtimapekṣate, na svātantryeṇa| na hi rogārto mamedaṃ roganivṛttisādhanaṃ bhavenna veti yatra tatrocchṛḍkhalaḥ svayamutprekṣya pravartate| kiṃ nāma? anavadhṛtāptatvasyāpi vaidyasyaiva vacanāt| anyathā tvayaṃ prayojanābhidhānamanadhigacchan anarthamapyāśaṃketa, kiṃ niṣprayojanamidaṃ kākadantaparīkṣāgranthavat, utāśakyasādhanaprayojanaṃ mṛtyuharahimamahīdharottarasānusiddhasaṃjīvanīkathanavat, athānabhimataprayojanamāryāvartanivāsinaṃ prati dākṣiṇātyasya mātulakanyakāpariṇayaprakramopadeśavat, athābhimatasyāpi śakyasyāpi prayojanasya laghīyasyupāyāntare satyapi gururayamupāyaḥ pipāsuṃ prati gīrvāṇataraḍgiṇītīrasamīpakūpakhananopadeśavat| etāsu cānarthasaṃbhāvanāsu na pravartate| na ca prayojanābhidhāne'pyetāsāmavakāśaḥ, lokavyavahārocchedaprasaṅgāt| na hi kaścid vaidyavacanādeva māśaḍkya nivartate yathā ### [11.p35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p35) svayamutprekṣyeti bhāvaḥ| tadanarthakaṃ niṣprayojanamityarthaḥ| aśakyānuṣṭhānatvamupāyasyāsiddhamityata āha--tathā hīti| iha dvividhaḥ pramāṇaśabdasyārthaḥ--pramīyate'neneti ca pramāṇam, pramitiḥ pramāṇamiti| ca | tatra prathamamadhikṛtyoktam--prameyādīnāṃ tattvajñānaṃ pramāṇatattvajñānādhīnamiti|| ### [11.p36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p36) nanvidindrayādīnāmajñāyamānānāmeva svaviṣayaparicchedajanakatvaṃ paśyannapi kathamevaṃ brūyādityata āha--na hīti| pramāṇatvenājñāyamānaṃ pramāṇaṃ svaviṣayaṃ paricchinatti, na tvavadhārayati| tacceha vivakṣitamityarthaḥ| kimiti nāvadhārayati? na hindriyamajñāyamānamaniścayākārameva jñānaṃ janayatītyata āha--tāvanmātrasyeti| yadyapi niścayākārameva jñānamādhatte tathāpi tathābhūtasyaiva bhūyo bhūyaḥ prameyaviraholabdherviśeṣānupalabdheśca saṃdehastadavaskandatītyarthaḥ| tatkiṃ kvacidapyavadhāraṇaṃ nāstyeva? tathā sati toyamevedamityādiko laukikaḥ pratyayaḥ, tathā pūrvapakṣiṇaḥ kvacidapi viniścayo nāstyevetyādikaścābhimāno viruddhyetetyata āha--api tviti| yadi kvacit prameyatattvāvadhāraṇaṃ paramārthaḥ, tadā pramāṇatattvāvadhāraṇadvāreṇaiva| pramārāntareṇa tu bhavanna pāramārthikamityarthaḥ| bodhakatvaṃ bodhajanakatvaṃ bodhajananāvacchinnā satteti yāvat| avyabhicāritvamaviparītānubhavajanakatvamaviparītānubhavajananāvacchinnā satteti yāvat| evaṃ copadhidvayāvacchinnāyāḥ sattāyā upādhibhedād bhinnāyā ivaikasminnarthe samavāyaḥ kṛtakatvānityatvayoriva na viruddhaḥ| tenāvyabhicāritvena jñāyamāneneti śeṣaḥ| pramāṇyāvadhāraṇaṃ tarhi kkopayujyata ityata āha--tadeva hīti|| ### [11.p37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p37) pramāṇaṃ hi pramākaraṇam| na ca karaṇatvādayaḥ sāmānyaviśeṣāḥ santi| sāmānyasaṃkaraprasaṅgāt| kiṃ nāma? sādhakatamatvameva karaṇatvam| tadviśeṣakastu kriyāviśeṣa eva| sa cātra pramālakṣaṇaḥ| pramā cāviparītopalabdhiḥ| ato'viparītānubhavajanakatvalakṣaṇamavyabhicāritvameva prāmāṇyamityarthaḥ| yadyevaṃ tadavadhāraṇapūrvakameva prameyādyavadhāraṇamastvityata āha--tacceti| pramākaraṇatvaṃ hi nānavadhāritāyāṃ pramāyāmavadhārayituṃ śakyamityarthaḥ| tarhi pramātvamevāvadhāryatām, na hi tadapyaupādhikaṃ yenopādhyanavadhāraṇe naivāvadhāryetetyata āha--tathā hīti| vijñānasya pramāyāḥ| prāmāṇyaṃ pramātvam| svato vetyasya svātmanā vā svagrāhakeṇa vetyarthaḥ| tatra prathamaṃ dūṣayati--na khalviti| dharmadharmiṇorabhedapakṣe anātmasaṃvedanamityetadeva dūṣaṇam| ānātmasaṃvedanatā copapādayiṣyata iti hṛdayam| bhedapakṣe prāgeveti| yo hi yad gṛhṇāti sa taddharmamapi gṛhṇīyāditi saṃbhāvyetāpi| yastu dharmiṇameva nākalayati, tasya dharmagrahaṇavārtāpi kva? yadyapi ca śabdagandhādayo vyomabhūmyādyagrahe'pi gṛhyante, tathāpi na taddharmatayetyarthaḥ| svagrāhakeṇa veti dūṣayati--nāpīti| taddhi mānasaṃ vā syāt laiḍgikaṃ vā? ubhayamapi manaso jñātatālakṣaṇāt liṅgād vā aviśiṣṭāt jāyamānaṃ kathamiva tadābhāsaviśiṣṭaṃ gṛhṇīyat? viṣayaviśeṣāt tu tathātve apramāṇyasyāpi svata eva grahaṇaprasaṅgāt, tatrāpi viṣayavaiśiṣṭacasya sattvāt| pramāyāḥ prāyikatayā tadvāsanāyāḥ samutkaṭatvādapramāpi samutkaṭatvādapramāpi prametyeva gṛhyate| tato bādhakādhīnamevāprāmāṇyamāsaṃjitarajatatāyāmiva śuktikāyāṃ śuktikātvamiti yadi tathāpyāsaṃjakasyāpi yadyāsaṃjakatvamavagataṃ kathaṃ na svato'prāmāṇyagrahaṇaprasaṅgaḥ? tatrāpi prāmāṇyārope tu kathaṃ nānavasthā? na ca kṛtrimaṃ rūpamaparibhūya grahaṇaṃ grahaṇāmityucyate, saṃśayenābhibhūtatvāt ### [11.p38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p38) māyāliḍgini jhaṭiti parivrājakabuddhivat| tasmāt jñānaṃ gṛhyata evetyeva na| yadi tu daivād gṛhyate, tadā jñānamityeva; na tu pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ vetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.p39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p39) nanu yadi svīyāt svata iti na nirvahati, vakṣyamāṇena ca nyāyena nāpi parataḥ, asti cāyaṃ pramāṇāpramāṇapravibhāgavyavahāro niḥśaṅkaḥ| tataḥ svasaṃvedananaya evāstu| tena hyayaṃ nirvahet| na hi tatra kiṃcidanavasthādikaṃ paśyāma ityata āha--eteneti| svasaṃvedananayo hi na tāvat pramāṇasiddhaḥ| kadācit pramāṇavyavahārasauṣṭhavāt svīkriyetāpi yadyayaṃ tena nirvahet, na tvetadasti| yathā hi pramāṇaṃ svātmānaṃ gṛhṇat prāmāṇyamapi gṛhṇāti tathā tadābhāsamapi tadābhāsatva gṛhṇīyāt| tathā ca sarvamithyājñānāt apravṛttiprasaṅgastadavasthaḥ| na ca tatrāpi pramāṇyāropāt pravṛttiḥ, svātmabhūtasyāpramāṇyasya svasavedanatayā grahaṇe samāropāsaṃbhāvāt| agrahaṇe vā svasaṃvedananayānupapatteḥ| dharmadharmiṇorbhedāt svarūpagrahaṇe'pi nāprāmāṇyarūpadharmagrahaṇamiti yadi, tadā prāmāṇyasyāpyagrahaṇaṃ syāt| tasmāt svasaṃvedananaye'pi svarūpavedanamātraṃ syāt| na tu prāmāṇyādivedanamityarthaḥ|| ### [11.p40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p40) parato veti dūṣayati--nāpīti| tadgocaraṃ tadgocaragocaraṃ madhyapadalopāt| prātyakṣike ca vahnijñāne prātyakṣikameva vahnijñānāntaramiti yāvat| tacca dvividham, samānendriyajamindriyāntarajaṃ ca| evamanumāne'pi anumānajñānāntaraṃ talliṅgajaṃ liṅgāntarajaṃ ca| evaṃ śābde'pi śābdajñānānantaraṃ tadāptaśabdajamāptāntaraśabdajaṃ ceti samānajātīyasaṃvādo darśitaḥ| arthakriyetyādinā kāryaliṅgakaṃ tadgocaretyādinā cākāryakāraṇaliṅgakamanumānatrayaṃ vijājīyasaṃvādarūpaṃ darśitam, upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat| āptopadeśajamapi saṃvādakaṃ jñānaṃ bhavatyeva jñānaṃ bhavatyeva| so'yaṃ pramāṇye niścetavye saṃvādo yadyapi vyadhikaraṇastathapyarthatathātvamava dhārayannarthavattvaṃ pravartakasyāpyavadhārayatītyetāvatā tathaivopavarṇitaḥ| ### [11.p41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p41) dūṣayati--tacca sarvamiti| evaṃ pramātvasya duradhigamatvamāpādya tadāyattāvadhāraṇe pramāṇānāṃ pramāṇatve yojayati--yadā ceti| nanu yadi prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇenaivapravṛttiḥ, tadā saiva sārvalaukikī svata ityādivikalpān phalgūkariṣyati| atha tadavadhāraṇavyatirekeṇāpi pravṛttirapratyūhā tadā māvadhāri prāmāṇyam, kiṃ naśchinnamityata āha--tadevamiti| vaidikaṃ vyavahāramadhikṛtya cedaṃ śāstraṃ pravṛttam, na laukikamityabhisandhiḥ| prakṛte yojayati--tasmāditi| nanu nityayoge matubiti durghaṭam, pramāṇārthayorevānityatvāt, parasparasamavāyabhāvāccetyata āha--nityatā ceti| nanvavyabhicāro'pi vyāpyavyāpakabhāvalakṣaṇaḥ pramāṇaprameyayornāstītyata āha--iyameva ceti| so'yamavisaṃvadādo visaṃvādābhāvo'vyabhicāralakṣaṇam| avyabhicārasvarūpaṃ tu lakṣyabhūtaṃ bhūtārthaparicchedakatvam, lakṣyalakṣaṇayorabhinnāśrayatvāt| avyabhicārasvarūpaṃ tu lakṣyabhūtaṃ bhūtārthaparicchedakatvam, lakṣyalakṣaṇayorabhinnāśrayatvāt sāmānādhikaraṇyamiti mantavyam| yadyapi deśāvasthābhede kālabhedo'pyarthasiddhastathāpi yathākathi\*cat kālabhedamātraṃ vivakṣitamatreti jñāpanārthaṃ tadgrahaṇam| tathā hi dūrasthe sthāṇau puruṣarpatyayasya kālāntare'pi visaṃvādo nāsti yāvat ### [11.p42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p42) na pratipattā nikaṭastho bhavati| pratyetavya eva vā yāvanna nediṣṭhaḥ syāt| evaṃ svapnāvasthāyām arthapratyayasya kālabhede'pi tāvanna visaṃvādo yāvanna jāgarāvasthānubhavaḥ| na ca vācyamevaṃ sati kiṃ kālabhedagrahaṇeneti, deśāvasthayorabhede'pi kālakrameṇāpi kvacid visaṃvādadarśanād yathā sunipuṇanibhālanādāpātajātasya kāmāturakāminījñānasya bhede'pi kvacit kālāntare visaṃvādāt tadupagrahaḥ| tadanenendriyādīnāṃ kālakramabhāvinaḥ sahakāribhedāḥ sphuṭatarapratītihetavaḥ sarva eva saṃgṛhītāḥ| yadyapi ca pramāraviṣayāveva visaṃvādāvisaṃvādau saṃbhavavyabhicāralakṣaṇau tathāpyavisaṃvādasya dhruvaviṣayatvapratipādanārthaṃ svarūpagrahaṇaṃ sarvasya jñānasya dharmiṇyavisaṃvādāditi|| ### [11.p43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p43) pravṛttisāmarthyāditi vyadhikāraṇo heturatastadarthamāha--samarthapravṛttijanakatvāditi| yadyapi samarthapravṛtti tvādityuktesama\*jasaṃ tathāpi pravṛttiryasyeti sambandhe ṣaṣṭhī| sa ca pramāṇapravṛttyorjanyajanakabhāva eveti sa eva darśitaḥ| nanu na tāvat pramāṇyasamarthapravṛtti janakatvayoravinābhāvaḥ pratyakṣeṇa śakyagrahaḥ, tayorevāpratyakṣatvāt| prāmāṇyaṃ hi samarthapravṛttijanakatvānumeyam| taccānvayavyatirekānumeyameveti| nāpyanumānenānvayagrahaḥ| prāmāṇyasya ### [11.p44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p44) kvacidapyasiddheḥ| siddhau vā kimanumānena, anumānantarasiddhatve tvanavasthaivetyata āha--yadi punariti|| ### [11.p45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p45) atra copekṣājñānānāṃ pakṣatvenānupādānānna bhāgāsiddhiḥ| vyatirekī ca sarvatra sapakṣābhāvamabhyupetya pravartata iti ### [11.p46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p46) nāsādharaṇānaikāntikatā| na ca vācyam etasyaivānumānasyārthavattvānavadhāraṇe kathaṃ pramāṇānāmarthavattvasiddhiḥ? tadavadhāraṇe vā kathaṃ kevalavyatirekitvamiti? dvividhaṃ hyanumānasyārthavattvam, avinābhāvalakṣaṇaṃ pramājananalakṣaṇaṃ ca| tatra svaviṣayaparicchede kartavye avinābhāvāvadhāraṇamevāpekṣate na pramākaraṇatvāvadhāraṇamityanavaghṛtaprāmāṇyenaivānena pramāṇānāṃ pramāṇaphalatvalakṣaṇaṃ prāmāṇyaṃ sādhyata iti sarvaṃ sundaram|| ### [11.p47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p47) etenaitadapi nirastam yat prāmāṇyānavadhāraṇe aprāmāṇyānavadhāraṇamapi katham? prāmāṇyaniścayena hi tat niścīyate| tadanavadhāraṇe tu vyatirekaniścayo'pi katham, vipakṣasya tathātvāniścayāditi? svarūpato dharmataścānavadhāritenaiva satā pramāṇena svaviṣayaniścayasiddheḥ| nanu nāstyevāsau vādī yaḥ prāmāṇyāniścaye'pi vipratipadyeta| na hi prāmāṇyaṃ svīkṛtya tanniścaye vipratipattiḥ, svīkārasya niścayamūlatvāt| na cāsvīkṛtya, pramāṇaśūnyavipratipatteḥ sarvatra sulabhatayā sarvavādavidhiniṣedhavyavahāravilopaprasaṅgāt| aniścite ca prāmāṇye tadatadrūpasaṃdeho'pi kvacid durlabhaḥ, viśeṣasmṛterabhāvāt tatpūrvakatvācca sarvasaṃśayānām| nāpi sarvatrāprāmāṇyāsa\*janam, prāmāṇyagrahaṇopāyanirākaraṇasyāprāmāṇye'pi tulyatvāt| vikalpanirmitamavicāramanoharaṃ prāmāṇyādikamādāyāpi nāsya durvicārasya nirvāhaḥ| prāmāṇyānabhyupagame vikalpanirmāṇasyāpyasiddheḥ| na ca vikalpanirmite na saṃśayādivyavahāraḥ samasti| nahi vājiviṣāṇaṃ veti kaścit sandigdhe, nāpi naraviṣāṇamiti kasyacid viparyayaḥ| tasmādasti prāmāṇyādikaṃ tanniścayaśca| tadupāyastu cintāmarhati| evaṃ cānvayo'styeva| tat kathaṃ kevalavyatirekyanumānam ityāśaḍkya saṃpratipattirūttaram--anvayavyatirekī veti| ### [11.p48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p48) kevalavyatirekivādastu anvayānabhyupagamena kṛta ityabhisandhiḥ| anumānasyetyupalakṣaṇam| svata iti ca taditarasyāpi, svataḥ parataśca prāmāṇyasiddheriti|| ### [11.p49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p49) nanu samarthapravṛttijanakatvādityetāvataiva sādhyasiddheḥ pramāṇato'rthapratipattāvityasamarthaviśeṣaṇaṃ vayadhikaraṇa cetyata āha--pravṛttijanakatvaṃ tviti| prāmāṇyādyabhidhānadvārā hi śāstrasya niḥśreyasena saṃgatiḥ, na tu svarūpeṇa| tato yathā pramāṇāditattvajñānaṃ sādhyatayā prayojanaṃ pratijñāyate tathā pramāṇādyabhidheyatayāpi pratijñeyaṃ bhavati| yathā athāto dharma vyākhyāsyāmaḥ (vai.sū.1.1.1) iti dharmasya vyākhyeyatvenaiva pratijñā samānatantre na ca tadabhidheyatāpratijñānamatra| tasmādabhidheyattvāpratijñānānna pramāṇādayaḥ śāstreṇābhidhīyanta iti śrotṛbuddhacanurodhenāśaḍkya sūtrakārahṛdayānurodhena vārttikamuttarayatisyādetaditi|| ### [11.p50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p50) śiṣyākāṃkṣākrameṇa hi śāstramidaṃ pravṛttam, anapekṣitābhidhāne anavadheyatvaprasaṅgāt| na ca śiṣyākāṃkṣā kiṃ vakṣyati bhavāniti| kiṃ tu niḥśreyasaṃ kuto'dhigamyata iti| tatrottaram--pramāṇāditattvajñānānniḥśreyasādhigama iti| tataḥ kathamiti? tataḥ ke, kati, kiṃlakṣaṇāḥ pramāṇādayaḥ iti| tatroddeśavibhāgalakṣaṇānīti| tataḥ kathamiti? tatra dvitīyādhyāyādīti| etacca sarvamanubhavasiddham| nātrāpi vacanāpekṣā| uktāboddhāraṃ prati tu vyākhyātāro bhavanti, yata ### [11.p51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p51) evamayamāheti| tadanubhavasiddhamapi pramāṇādyabhidhāyakatvaṃ yaḥ kutaścid vyāmohānna pratipadyate taṃ prati vyākhyātā śāstrasya puruṣaśreyo'bhidhāyakatvādityāhetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.p52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p52) nanu śreyo'bhidhānamātreṇāpi na pramāṇādyabhidhānaṃ sidhyati| na hi pramāṇādipadārthā eva śreyaḥ| atha svayameva vivarīṣyati--tatpadārthāḥ pramāṇādaya iti| tathāpi tacchāstraṃ śreyo'bhidhatta ityanene kim? atha śreyaḥśabdasya pramāṇādaya evārthaḥ, tarhi śreyaḥ punaḥ sukhamahitanivṛttiriti kimityata āha--yadyapīti| yadyapi śāstra punaḥ puruṣaḥ punaḥ śreyaḥ punariti pratipadaṃ gṛhītvā vivaraṇaṃ prakṣayeṇetyantena sphuṭāvabhāsam| na ca puruṣā rāgādimanta ityādāvapi ### [11.p53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p53) vivaraṇatvāśaḍkā, prakṛtenāsaṃbandhāt| na hi rāgādimantaṃ prati śāstraṃ na sasādhanaṃ śreyo'bhidhatte| na ca taṃ prati na tat śreyo yena vītarāgo vivicya gṛhyatām| tathāpi, tasmāt tat śāstraṃ puruṣaśreyo'bhidhatta iti madhyapatitopasaṃhāra eva vivaraṇavicchedabhramo mā bhūdityetadarthamavacchinatti--upabhogāt prakṣayeṇetyanteneti|| ### [11.p54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p54) nanu samūho vyūhaviśiṣṭa ityasaṃgatam, paryāyatvādityata āha--vyūha iti| te khalvamī samūhāḥ praṇetṛpuruṣecchānurodhinaḥ svārthānurodhino vetyata āha--eka-smṛtīti| yadyapyekārthapratipādanāvacchinnā varṇāḥ ### [11.p55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p55) padamityetāvadeva lakṣaṇaṃ tathāpyetadeva lakṣaṇaṃ kṣaṇabhaḍgurāṇāṃ kathamityetaduktam--ekasmṛtisamārūḍhā iti| samūhaḥ padamiti vārttike śeṣaḥ| padasamūhaḥ sūtramiti vārttikam| taccānupapannam| vākyaviśeṣo hi sūtram| na ca vākyasāmānyamapi padasamūhamātram, gauraścaḥ puruṣo hastītyāderapi vākyatvaprasaṅgādityata āha--evaṃ svārtheti samūho veditavyaḥ sūtratveneti śeṣaḥ| sūtrasamūhaḥ prakaraṇamiti vārttikam| tatra cāvāntarasamūhabhede kāraṇābhāvāt, śāstrameva sūtrasamūharūpaṃ prakaraṇamiti prāptamityata āha--evaṃ kvaciditi| tadyathā prayojanābhidheyasaṃbandhapratipādanamekamarthamadhikṛtya prathamadvitīyasūtrayoḥ samūhaḥ prakaraṇam| evaṃ pramāṇaprakaraṇam, prameyaprakaraṇam, nyāyapūrvāṅgaprakaraṇam, nyāyāśrayaprakaraṇam, nyāyāśrayaprakaraṇam, nyāyasvarūpaprakaraṇam, nyāyottarāṅgaprakaraṇamityādyūhyam|| ### [11.p56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p56) prakaraṇasamūhaścāhnikamiti vārttikam| tadidaṃ prakaraṇānāmavāntaraikavākyatāyāmasatyāṃ na sidhyatītyata āha--prakaraṇānāmiti| asti hyamīṣāṃ prakaraṇānāṃ saparikaranyāyalakṣakatvamekamiti| tatsamūha āhnikam| uttarasmiścāhnike nyāyanyāyābhāsavivekopāyalakṣaṇamekam| tatrāpi kathāprakaraṇam, hetvābhāsaprakaraṇam, chalaprakaraṇam, puruṣāśaktiliṅgaprakaraṇamityevaṃ prathame lakṣaṇamadhyāyārthaḥ| dvitīye pramāṇaparīkṣā| tṛtīye kāraṇarūpaprameyaṣaṭkaparīkṣā| caturthe kāryarūpaprameyaṣaṭkaparīkṣā| pa\*came puruṣāśaktiliṅgaviśeṣalakṣaṇamiti| evaṃ dvitīyādhyāyādāvāhnikaprakaraṇasaṃgatīstatraiva darśayiṣyāmaḥ| tadidamuktam--evaṃ tatra tatra veditavyamiti| tatra tatretyāhikādāvityarthaḥ| nanu ca tatra ekaprakāro'pi na darśitaḥ, kathaṃ tatra tatra veditavyamityata āha--etāśceti|| ### [11.p57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p57) nanu śāstrasya sasādhanapuruṣaśreyo'bhidhāyakatvaṃ pratijñāya śāstrasvarūpadarśanaṃ kkopayujyata ityata āha--tadevamiti| śāstrasvarūpākhyānapūrvakaṃ tadarthakathanaṃ sugamaṃ bhavatītyabhiprāyaḥ|| ### [11.p58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p58) nanu pratītisiddhaṃ pramāṇādīnāṃ ṣoḍaśatvaṃ kimityanūdyata ityatastannirākaraṇīyām āśaḍkāmāha--nanviti| ### [11.p59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p59) sāmānyaviśeṣaḥ sādharmyaviśeṣaḥ| yato'syeti padasamūhasya śāstrasya| padārthāḥ padānāṃ samūhinām arthāḥ pramāṇādayaḥ| ### [11.p60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p60) tasmāt śāstraṃ vākyarūpaṃ puruṣaśreyo vākyārtharūpamabhidhatte| samādhānamiti śeṣaḥ| kathaṃ niḥśreyasāya kalpanta ityāpātataḥ| paramārthato teṣāṃ kālpanikatve niḥśreyasamapi kālpanikam| tatastadarthaṃ prayāso viphalaḥ tasyāyatnasiddhatvādityāśayaḥ| kalpanākośasyānantaprasaratvādanantātmāna ityāpātataḥ| parakārthato nirātmāna ityāśayaḥ| pratyakṣānumāneti pramāṇadvayopanyāsaḥ svasiddhāntaviruddho vāttikakṛta ityāha--pramāṇādaya iti| nopamānaviṣayā iti| yadyapyupamānasya saṃjñāsaṃjñisaṃbandhaparicchedaphalasya śabde pramāṇe'styevopayogaḥ, agṛhītasamayasya śabdasyāpramāpakatvāt| samayasya ca prāyaśa upamānenākalanāt| tathāpi na tena te sākṣād viṣayīkriyante pramāṇādaya ityarthaḥ| nanu yadi sākṣādupamānasya prakṛtānupayogādanabhidhānam, tarhi śabdo'bhidhīyatām| sa hi sākṣādupayogītyata āha--yadyapīti| tatrāpītyāgamaviṣayaparāmarśaḥ| āgamo hi yatra pravartate tadviṣayameva pratyakṣamanumānaṃ vā apekṣate| te tu samūle api na sviṣayapravṛttaṃ pramāṇamapekṣete| tato mūlāsaṃplutaviṣayatvāt te eva darśite ityarthaḥ| vainayiketi viśiṣṭo nayaḥ śāstraṃ nyāyaśāstram, tajjanyabuddhivirahiṇa ityarthaḥ| naitāna vivi\*cate samāropitād rūpāditi śeṣaḥ| śuśrūṣādirityādigrahaṇena śravaṇādau pāṭavam| saṃdigdhasyāpi jijñāsā na bhavatyevānabhimatāpavargasyetyata uktam"--śiṣyasyeti| śiṣyatayā mumukṣutādisaṃpattimupalakṣayati| vipratipanno'pi kathāmārabhamāṇo'pyamumukṣurgalite'haṃkāre na sāpekṣo bhavatītyato niṣphalo jalpavitaṇḍārambha ityata āha-- śiṣyamāṇasyeti| mohādapi mokṣamicchata ityarthaḥ| jalpavitaṇḍābhyāṃ vigalite'haṃkāre iti yojanā| sāpekṣasya sataḥ pratipādyateti vākyaśeṣā'gre| kenacit pramāreṇeti| prathamasūtrapāṭhaprakāreṇetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.p61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p61) nanvasaṃdigdhasyāpi saṃdigdhīkaraṇe kimasya prayojanamityata āha--asaṃdigdho'pīti| tathā ca pramātaṇāṃ sāpekṣāṇāmiti śeṣaḥ| te'bhī durlalitāḥ śiṣyā yadi mokṣādāvapi indriyādyapekṣante, tadā kathaṃ pratipādyā ityato vārtikaṃ pūrayati--ki\*caditi| dṛṣṭaprayojanopayoginaṃ pratyakṣopalabhyamānamityarthaḥ| dṛṣṭaprayojanopayoginamevānumeyaṃ jijñāsava ityuttaratrāpi pūraṇīyamityāha--evamuttaramapīti| nanvetāvatāpi jijñāsava ityuttaratrāpi pūraṇīyamityāha--evamuttaramapīti| nanvetāvatāpi sāpekṣā anenaiva śāstreṇa pratipādyāḥ pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ ceti parasparavyāhatamityata āha--ayamabhisandhiriti| paramapuruṣārthasādhanaṃ tu jijñāsava iti śeṣe nyāyeneti śeṣaḥ| iha yadyapi sukhaṃ dṛṣṭameva vidhāyakapramāṇagocara eva ahitanivṛttiradṛṣṭaiva niṣedhakapramāṇagocara eveti yathāsaṃkhyamapi saṃbhavati| tathāpi śreyaḥ punaḥ sukhamahitanivṛttiśceti ato na kii\*cadadhikamuktaṃ bhavatīti pramāṇāviśeṣasaṃbandhakathanameva param| na ca tenedānīmasti prayojanam| na cābhimataśreyoviśeṣanirdhāraṇe kartavye vidhiniṣedhagocaratvopavarṇanamupayujyata ityabhisaṃdhāyānyathā vyācaṣṭe--tatrāpīti| tacchreyaḥ sukhamahitanivṛttiśceti tacchabdena dvayamapi śreyastvena parāmṛśyata ityarthaḥ| yathāsaṃkhyaṃ śaḍkāṃ nivārayati--na vyāsajyeti| dṛṣṭaṃ sukhamityatra ### [11.p62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p62) dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaśabdayorarthamudāharaṇamukhena spaṣṭayati--strakcandaneti| aihikamityarthaḥ| svargādītiāmuṣmikamityarthaḥ| uktamanyatrāpīti diśati--evamiti| ahitanivṛttirapyaihikyāmuṣmikī cetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.p63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p63) naivaṃ vāttike rūyata ityata āha--cakāralopāditi| cakārayorloparadityarthaḥ| tena dṛṣṭaṃ sukhamadṛṣṭaṃ ca| tathā ahitanivṛttiśceti vāttikārthaḥ| tadayaṃ saṃkṣepaḥ dṛṣṭaṃ śreyaḥ| tacca sukhamahitanivṛttiśca| sukhamapyaihikamāmuṣmikaṃ ca| duḥkhanivṛttirapyaihikyāmuṣmikī ceti| tatra sukhalakṣaṇaṃ śreyo dṛṣṭamadṛṣṭaṃ vā| naitacchāstrasādhyam, tasya stragādiyāgādisādhyatvāt| ātyantikasya ca tasyābhāvāt| ahitanivṛttirapyanātyantikī dṛṣṭādṛṣṭabhinnā naitacchāstrasādhyā, tasyāḥ prasaktakaṇṭakādihisādiparihārasādhyatvāt, tadaprasaktau tvasādhyatvāt| ata ### [11.p64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p64) ātyantikīmahitanivṛtti nirdhārayituṃ punarbhinattītyāha--ahitanivṛtteriti| nanu yadi nivṛttiriti nanu yadi nivṛttiḥ prāgabhāvo duḥkhasya, sa kathamātyantikaḥ? uttarāntānavacchedo hi ātyantikatvam| prāgābhāvasya ca tathātve prāgityeva na syāt| atha nivṛttiḥ pradhvaṃsaḥ, sa ca sarva evātyantika iti kuto nivṛtterātyantikatvavyutpādanamityata āha--ātyantikatvamiti| nivṛttasya nivṛttajātīyasya punaranutpādaḥ| tatraivātmanīti śeṣaḥ|| ### [11.p65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p65) nanvekaviṃśatiprabhedabhinnaduḥkṣahānireva ātyantikī duḥkhanivṛttiḥ, tatkathaṃ hānyeti vāttikamityata āha--sa ceti| nivṛttyā nivṛttisvarūpeṇa lakṣyate| atra ca kāryaśabdena duḥkhamuktam| kāraṇaśabdena śarīrendriyaviṣayabuddhayaḥ| anuṣaḍgi sukhaṃ duḥkhenaikakāraṇatvāt| atha śarīrādiṣu nivṛtteṣvapi dukhaṃ kiṃ na bhavet? mā bhūd duḥkham, sukhaṃ kiṃ na bhavet? na ### [11.p66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p66) hyanyasminnatyantanivṛtte anyanna bhavati| tathā cānuṣaḍgiāsukhanivṛttiḥ kimupavarṇyaya ityata āha--na hīti| kāraṇa vinā bhavatkāryaṃ kāryatāmava jahyāt| atḥ śarīrādiṣvasatsu duḥkhavat sukhamapi na bhavati, tasyāpi tatkāryatvāt| bhavadvā śarīrādiṣu satsveva bhavet| tathā ca duḥkhamapi bhavet kāraṇasadbhāvādityarthaḥ| atraivārthe vāttikaṃ yojanayati--tadidamuktamiti| anenaiva kāraṇamavidyātṛṣṇe, kāryāpravṛttiranuṣaḍgiṇau dharmādharmāviti ṭīkāvyākhyānam apahastitam, śarīrādīnāṃ duḥkhatvamanubhavabādhitamityata āha-- gauṇeti|| ### [11.p67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p67) nuna ghrāṇādisūtre(1.1.12) pa\*cendriyāṇi prasiddhāni| na ca pradeśāntare'pi ṣaḍityata āha--ṣaṣṭhamiti| tantrayuktyeti bhāvaḥ| nanu viṣayā apyanitaretarasādhanasādhyāḥ pajcaiva vibhāge parīkṣāyāṃ ca siddhāḥ, na tu ṣaḍityata āha--tasyeti| yadyapi buddhisukhaduḥkhānyapi manaso viṣayaḥ, tathāpi, tasyaiva viṣayatvena duḥkhatvopacāro cadviṣayīkriyamāṇaṃ duḥkhamupajanayati| vakṣyati hi--viṣayā bodhyatvāditi| na ca buddhirbudhyamānā duḥkhahetuḥ| vakṣyati hi--buddhayastu sākṣāditi| sukhaduḥkhayostu duḥkhahetutvameva nāsti, sukhasya vijātīyārambhakatve'pi rāgamātrāmbhakatvāt| duḥkhasya tu vijātīyārambhakatvādeva| icchādveṣaprayatnāstu pratīyamānā eva sākṣād duḥkha janayanti| tathā hi, mumukṣustāvadicchāmi dveṣmi yogābhyāsādanyatra prayata iti pratītyaiva duḥkhī bhavati, ahitasādhanatvenecchādveṣaprayatnānāṃ tenāvadhāritatvāt| anyo'pīṣyamāṇālābhe bubhukṣito'smi pipāsito'smīti pratītya duḥkhī bhavati| hitamevāhitamupalabhya dviṣato nivṛttabhramasya hitameva dveṣmi, dhiḍ māmiti duḥkham| evamaniṣṭa evārthe iṣṭabuddhyā prayatamānasya nivṛtte bhrame tathā alasasya prayatnamupalabhyaiva duḥkhamityetāvataita eva manaso viṣayatvena nirdiṣṭāḥ|| ### [11.p68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p68) nanu jarākuṣṭādyupahatadehasyopalabhyamānameva śarīraṃ duḥkhahetuḥ, tatrāpi viṣayatvenaiva duḥkhatvopacāraḥ syādityata āha--yadyapīti| anyathāsya duḥkhahetubhāvo'sādhāraṇa iti śeṣaḥ| viṣayatvena puraridaṃ na ṣaḍbhyo bhidyate| ### [11.p69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p69) asādhāraṇendriyasaṃbandhāttu bhidyate| na tu svarūpeṇa, viṣayāṇāmanantatvādityarthaḥ| iha yadyapi anuṣaḍgo'vinābhāva iti vakṣyati vāttikakāraḥ, tadupapattaye ca samānanimittatāsāmānādhāratāsamānopalabhyatāḥ, tathāpi na tāvanmātreṇāvinābhāvo nirvahati| sādhāraṇanimittāyāmapi hyanyatarāsādhāraṇanimittanivṛttāvekataranivṛttau itarānavṛttisaṃbhavāt| ataeva ādhārasyopalabdhisādhanasya ca sāmye'pyekatarasya kāraṇābhāvenābhāve'pyanyatarasabhdāvenāvinābhāva ityāśaḍkya sukhasya duḥkhānuṣaḍgopapattaye duḥkhahetvanuṣaṅgamevāha--sādhaneti| ato na dvitīyasūtravārtikaṭīkābhyāṃ virodhaḥ| sādhanapāratantryaṃ kāryātvāt| akāryasya ca sukhasyābhāvāt| pāratantryaṃ ca daṃḥkhahetuḥ| yadāha-- ### [11.p70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p70) sarva paravaśaṃ duḥkham| ### [11.p71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p71) iti| kṣayitvaṃ ca sukhasya samavāyikāraṇavattvāt| tadapi duḥkhahetuḥ, iṣṭaviyogo hi duḥkhaṃ janayatīti| kṣayitvaṃ kāme satīti tu vyākhyānaṃ duḥkhahetava iti bahuvacanaviruddham, ataḥ svatantramevedaṃ hetutrayam|| ### [11.p72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p72) kāma icchā| sāca sukhatatsādhanayorvyāpikā| na hi sukha tatsādhanaṃ vā anicchataḥ sukhaṃ nāma sukhasādhanaṃ ca| tadapi sulabhaṃ durlabhaṃ ca| tatra durlabhecchā duḥkhaikaphalaiva| sulabhecchātvaniṣiddhasādhanagocarā niṣiddhasādhanagocarā ca| tatra niṣaddhasādhānagocarāpi svarūpataḥ kāryataścādharmajananadvāreṇāvaśyaṃ duḥkhaphaleti| aniṣiddhasulabhasādhānagocarāpi śarīrapāṭave satsati vā| tatrāsati duḥkhahetureva| śarīrādipāṭave'pi savighnā nirvighnā ca| tatra savighnā duḥkhameva prasūte| nirvighnāpyaniṣṭasaṃbhinnaviṣayā tadviparītā ca| tatra prathamā avaśyaṃ ### [11.p73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p73) duḥkhahetuḥ| dvitīyā tu viphalā saphalā ca| tatra prathamā duḥkhahetureva| dvitīyā tu savilambaphalā avilambphalā ca| tatra prathamā avaśyameva duḥkhahetuḥ| dvitīyāpyanāyativiśuddhā tadviparītā ca| tatra prathamā duḥkhahetureva| dvitīyā tu viṣayasya piriṇativirasatvād duḥkhameva prasūte, ativyāmohād viṣayeṣveva magnasyecchāntarameva vā, ubhayathāpyanarthamūlamiti| evaṃ sukhānuṣaktaḥ kāmo'pi duḥkhaheturiti| iha yadyapi rāgadveṣamohapravṛttayo'pi duḥkhatadanuḍgisādhanabhāvādindriyādivat duḥkhatvena parisaṃkhyātumucitāstathāpi na śarīrendriyādivyatirekeṇāmūṣāmātmalābho duḥkhaṃ prati vyāpāro vā, indriyādīnāṃ punardoṣapravṛttyabhāve'pi duḥkhaṃ prati vyāpāro jīvanmuktasyāstyeva| pravṛttiphalaṃ tu dharmādharmau yadyapi sukhaduḥkhahetū, tathāpyekaviṃśatividha duḥkhamayasaṃsāranṛtyaśālā mūlastambhatvādanayornātra parisaṃkhyānam| na hi bhāvini janmāntare śarīrendriyāviṣayabuddhisukhaduḥkhānyāhatya vyāpriyante yathā dharmādharmau|| ### [11.p74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p74) etadevābhisaṃdhāya kāraṇarūpadharmādharmocchedakrameṇa kāryarūpaikaviṃśatividhaduḥkhasyocchedovārttikakṛtā darśita iti tathaiva vāttikamavatārayati--uktaprakāreti| iha cāgāmidharmādharmanivṛttāvupāyastatsādhanapravṛttiparityāgaḥ, utpannanivṛtau tūpabhoga iti ### [11.p75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p75) darśitam| tadubhayamapyanupapannam, vāgbuddhiśarīrāmbhaṃ parityajya jīvitumaśaktayatvāt| mṛte'pi śadīrādyantarajralepasya dupaneyatvāt, upabhāgaścāśakyaḥ, aniyatavipākasamayatvāt, anantatvādanantaphalatvācca| bhogāvasthāyāmapyanantakarmāntarotpādanatāyā avarāmāt| atha kathi\*cadupabhogānutpādābhyāmutpannānutpannayoḥ śakyaḥ prakṣayaḥ, tarhi śāstravaiyarthyaprasaṅgaḥ, tata eva tatsiddherityāśaḍkya vārttikasyopaskurūte--saṃśayādīti| saṃśayādītyādipadena caturdaśāpi nyāyaparikaratvena saṃgṛhītāḥ| paramanyāyetyanene mūlamūlībhāvavyavasthitāni catvāryapi pramāṇāni| nyāyo mārga iva nyāyamārgaḥ, niḥreyasabhūmeḥ prāptihetutvāt| dvādaśavidhetyātmādi prameyam| tadanena śāstrasyāvasaropayogau darśitau| tattvaparibhāvanetyanenābhyāsasya| tadevaṃ pūrvoktena nyāyena mokṣamāṇasya śāstre pravṛttiḥ| tataḥ parikaraparijñānam| tato nyāyamārgapariśodhanam| tatastena dvādaśavidhaprameyāsādanam, tato'bhyāsaḥ, tataḥ prasaṃkhyānam| tataḥ samūladoṣānuṣaṅganirmokṣaḥ| tato'pravṛttiḥ| tata āgāminordharmādharmayorasaṃcayaḥ| ityevamanāgataḥ pravāho nivāritaḥ|| ### [11.p76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p76) yadyapi ca yāvaccharīrādibhāvinī pravṛttistathāpi doṣānuṣaṅgasahakārivirahānnāsau pravṛttiḥ tatkāryāsamarthatvāditi| ### [11.p77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p77) utpannabhogamupapādayati--anādīti| yadyapi yathānādau bhāvaparamparāyāṃ karmāṇi pracīyante tathāpacīcante'pi| na hyārambhe paraṃ bhavasyānāditā| nanūpabhoge karmārambho hyadhikāriṇi śarīre| tacca śarīrakoṭimadhyapatitamekaṃ śarīraṃ kadācit kii\*cat kvacideva| bhogastu nāstyeva taccharīraṃ yatra nāsti, bhogasya tadāyatanatvāt| tasmādāyavyayaparyālocanayā parimitameva karma| ata eva niyavipākasamayamapi| tasya ca kramabhāvibhirapi kiyadbhiḥ ### [11.p78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p78) kaiścideva śarīrairūpabhogāt prakṣayo'pi na durūpapādaḥ| tathāpyāgamaprāmāṇyāt kāyayaugapadyasyāpi prasaṃkhyānaphalatayā siddhatvādanantāmaniyatavipākasamayatāṃ cābhyupagamyaiva parihṛtam| vibhūtimatā anekakālopabhogyamapyekadā bhujyata ityatra samudrapānamudāharaṇam| yogardhiprabhāvasampanno vividhaphalabhogino vicitrasvabhāvānekadaiva bahūn kāyān icchāmātreṇaiva nirmimīta ityatra daṇḍakāraṇyasṛṣṭirūdāhaṇamiti|| ### [11.p79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p79) iha kecid āhuḥ, duḥkhanivṛtti puruṣārtha eva svarūpato na bhavati sopādhitvāt| sukhaṃ duḥkhābhāve satyeva bhavatīti sukhasādhanāntaravat duḥkhābhāvo'pi mṛtyate| na nu sa eva puruṣasya samīhita iti| taduktam, ### [11.p80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p80) varaṃ vṛndāvane'raṇye kroṣṭatvamabhivāi\*chatum| ### [11.p81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p81) na tu vaiśeṣikī muktiṃ gautamo gantumicchati|| ### [11.p82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p82) iti| tadanupapannam, viparyāsasyāpi saṃbhavāt, bhojanādisukhe satyeva hi bubhukṣādiduḥkhaṃ nivartata iti duḥkhanivṛttyarthameva bhojanādisukhaṃ mṛgyate| na punastadeva tasya samīhitamiti kiṃ na kalpayate| kvacid duḥkhabhāve'pi sukhasyeṣyamāṇatvā diti cet--na, duḥkhanivṛtterapi kvacit sukhābhāve'pīṣyamāṇatvādeva| duḥkhanivṛttau satyāṃ sukhameva bhaviṣyatītyabhisandhistāvadastīti cet-na, sukhāvasthāyāṃ niyamato duḥkhaviraho bhaviṣyatītyabhisandhestatrāpi saṃbhavāt| tasmād yadyapi duḥkhahānau sukham, sukhe ca duḥkhahānirniyatā, tathāpi ### [11.p83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p83) parasparanirapekṣameva puruṣārthatvamanayoricchayoḥ apyasaṃkīrṇaviṣayatvāt|| ### [11.p84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p84) anyastvāha--bhavatyeva hi duḥkhahāniḥ puruṣārthaḥ, kiṃ tvanubhūyamānatayā| na hi viṣādijanyamohāvasthāyāṃ duḥkhanivṛttiriti tadarthaṃ prekṣāvantaḥ pravartante| tasmāt mokṣe duḥkhahānerananubhūyamānatvānna puruṣārthatvamiti| taduktam, ### [11.p85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p85) duḥkhābhāvo'pi nāvedyaḥ puruṣārthatayeṣyate| ### [11.p86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p86) na hi mūrcchādyavasthārthaṃ pravṛtto dṛśyate sudhīḥ|| ### [11.p87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p87) iti| tadapyanupapannam, putrādiviyogajanyaduḥkhahānimicchato keṣāi\*cad viṣaśastrodūndhanadāvapi pravṛttidarśanāt| prekṣāvanto naivaṃ kurvantīti cet--na, puruṣārthatvāvirodhāt| na hi paradāreṣu śāstraniṣedhāḍkuśanivāritāḥ prekṣāvanto na pravartanta iti| na tatra kāmaḥ puruṣārthaḥ, api tvalpīyaḥ sukhaṃ mahānanartha iti nivṛttiḥ| tathā viṣādāvapi pravṛttasya śāstragarhitatvādalpīyānanartho nivartate| mahīyān pravartata iti na te pravartanta iti| iyameva hi prekṣā yat puruṣārthatve'pi lokaśāstravirodhaparāmarśaḥ, na tu apuruṣārthatvādeva svarūpeṇeṣyamāṇatāmātranibandhanatvāt puruṣarthatāyāḥ| ataeva na yatra lokaśāstravirodhaḥ, tatra vyādhyādiparipīḍitāḥ prayāgavaṭaprapātānaśanādināpi dehaṃ tyajantaḥ prekṣāvanto dṛśyante| na hi kaścid duḥkhanivṛttimanubhaviṣyāmīti tatsādhane pravartate, api tu duḥkha hāsyāmīti| api ca duḥkhanivṛtteranubhūyamānatāmātraṃ vivakṣitam, ### [11.p88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p88) duḥkhanivṛttisattāvadhirvā? ādyaścet, tuṣyatu durjanaḥ carame janmanyanubhūyata eva samādhiprabhāvāt| ātyantikī duḥkhanivṛttiranāgatā vartamānāpyaciramanubhūyata eva| dvitīye tu prasaktakaṇṭakādihetukadaḥkhanivṛtterapuruṣārthatvaprasaṅgaḥ, sarvadānanubhūyamānatvāt| tathātve vā viṣayāntarasaṃcārābhāvaprasaṅgāt, nivṛtteḥ sarvadā tādavasthyāditi| tasmāt sarvadānanubhūyamānāpi yathā kaṇṭakādijanyaduḥkhanivṛttiḥ puruṣārthatayā puruṣaṃ prayojayati, tathā śāstrārthabhūtāpi| tadidaṃ duḥkhanivṛtterapuruṣārthatvamananubhūyamānatayaiva cāpuruṣārthatvamiti pakṣadvayamatinirvalamityetadityupekṣya tṛtīyaṃ śaṅkate--syādetaditi| taduktam, ### [11.p89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p89) asatyāni durantāni samavyayaphalāni ca| ### [11.p90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p90) aśakyāni ca vastūni nārabheta vicakṣaṇaḥ| ### [11.p91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p91) iti| siddhāntavārttikamuddīpayati--yadyapīti| tadanena madhuviṣasaṃpṛktānnabhojanadṛṣṭāntena samavyayaphalatvamapavargasya nirākṛtam| yathā hyatrānarthasya bhūyastvamarthasya tu kṣudratvam, na tathāpavarge'pīti| ### [11.p92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p92) etenaitadapi nirastaṃ yaduktam, yathā duḥkhaśabalaṃ saṃsārasukhamanādeyam, tathā sukhaśabalatayā duḥkhamapyupādeyaṃ kiṃ na syāt? dṛśyante hi sukhārthino yagādiduḥkhamanubhavanta iti| ### [11.p93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p93) yasya duḥkhamupādeyaṃ heyaṃ tasya kimucyatām| ### [11.p94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p94) heyahīnasya kā muktiḥ kena vāpyupadiśyate|| ### [11.p95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p95) iti| yastu ghanataraduḥkhatimiranirantarāt saṃsārakāntārāt sukhakhadyotikāsu dyotamānāsvapi bibheti taṃ prati ayaṃ nirastatamaskatayā sugamo mārga upadiśyata iti| tadidamuktam-tena mā bhūdatadityādi| nanvevaṃ sati nāsya sarvārthatā| tathā ca jagataḥ śamāyetyanena virodha ityata āha--avivekināmapīti| yadyapi kasyacidapravṛttāvapi na sarvārthatā asya hīyata iti prapi\*catamadhastāt, tathāpi heyaṃ heyatvenāgṛhṇanto mandāḥ kāruṇikeṇa grāhayitavyā ityarthaḥ|| ### [11.p96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p96) nanu śāstreṇa tattvajñānād vairāgyam, vairāgyācca śāstre pravṛttiriti durūttaramitaretarāśrayatvamityata āha--śāstre pravṛttīti| duḥkhādudvijato bhogavaimukhyamātramiha vairāgyaṃ vivakṣitam, na tu rāgābhāva evetyarthaḥ| iṣṭāniṣṭaprāptiparihārārthatayā dvaividhyaśaḍkāmapanayati--aikarūpyaṃ dvairūpyaṃ ceti| nanu puruṣabhede 'pi pravṛtteḥ dvaividhyameva| na hi kaścit sukhaṃ prāptumiva duḥkhamapyāptuṃ pravartate| nāpi kaścit duḥkhahānāyeva sukhahānāyāpītyata āha--puruṣabhedo rāgavairāgyābhyāmiti| nanu sukhasya heyatvameva kuta ityata āha--prāptavyasyeti| avivekināṃ tu pravṛttirdvirūpetyuktam| vārttikakṛtā iti śeṣaḥ|| ### [11.p97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p97) prakṛtamupasaṃharannevāprakṛtopanipātaśaḍkāmapyapanetuṃ vṛttavartiṣyamāṇe anukīrtayati--tadaneneti| tadavayavaṃ vivarītumuktatātparyasphoraṇārthamiti śeṣaḥ| alaukikatvāt| lokasyāsmadādernityaparokṣatvāt| ayuktam aprāmāṇikam| vipratiṣiddhaṃ mitho vyāpakaviruddham| pravṛttyai niṣkampapravṛttyai| kiṃ tarhi? pramāṇamiti| gṛhītamityanuvartate| rajatajñānamidaṃ śuklabhāsvararūpavad dravyaṃ rajatamityevaṃ jñānamityarthaḥ| paricchinatti uktamarthamālambya paricchittirūpaṃ jāyata ityarthaḥ| śuktikājñānamapīti| idaṃ śuklabhāsvararūpaṃ śuktikādravyaṃ na rajatamiti jñānamityarthaḥ| yadyevaṃ kathamanayorbādhyabādhakabhāva ityata āha--kevalamiti| rajatasamāropāpavādābhyāmiti| ### [11.p98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p98) samāropāpavādasvabhāvatayetyarthaḥ|| ### [11.p99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p99) tadevaṃ paricchedadvāreṇa paricchedakamunnīyata iti paricchedasyaiva sāmānyaviśeṣayoḥ paricchedatvāparicchedatve darśite| na caikasyaiva jñānasya viruddhadharmasaṃsargaḥ| jātyā hi buddhiranubhavaḥ smṛtiśca| tatra smutirapramaiva| anubhavastu svarūpānubhavo'svarūpānubhavaśca| so'yaṃ viṣayakṛto viśeṣaḥ| nānāviṣayā caikā buddhirbhavatyeva| tataśca saiva buddhiḥ svarūpāvasthitenārthena nirūpyamāṇā pramā| asvarūpāvasthitena nirūpyamāṇā tvaprameti tathābhūtāvacchinnānubhavatvameva pramāṇatvam| atathābhūtena tvavacchinnamapramāṇatvamiti bhavati apramāṇasyāpi sāmānyaparicchedakatvamiti| racitā bhūmiḥ| kimetāvatetyāha --asti tāvadasādhāraṇaṃ kāraṇamasamarthāyāḥ pravṛttestathaivonnīyamānam| tasya ca vyāpāro viparītārthapariccheda evāsādhāraṇaḥ| taccaivaṃbhūtavyāpāropakaraṇamapramāṇamiti vyavahniyate| evaṃ ca pravṛttisāmarthyāsāmarthyasaṃdehe'pi yadi tajjanakamapramāṇamasamarthaiva sā| atha na tadapramāṇam, tajjanyā pravṛttirapi nāsamarthetyapramāṇānniyataḥ samarthapravṛttivyatirekaḥ| pramāṇaṃ cātrobhayavyatirekagrāhakaṃ viruddhakāryatvaṃ liṅgam| prakṛtakāryasya tadvyatirekagrāhi ca pratyakṣamadhyavaseyamiti nāpramāṇādarthavyabhicāriṇo'rthavyabhicārijñānavyāpārādityarthaḥ|| ### [11.p100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p100) siddho vyatirekaḥ, ki cāta ityata āha--tathā ceti| arthavattvamarthāvyabhicāritvam, arthāvyabhicāryanubhavajanakatvamityarthaḥ| nanu tasyā ityatra kathamanantaratvena prakṛtāmasamarthāṃ vihāya vyavahitvenāprakṛtāpi samarthaiva pravṛtti| parāmṛśyata ityata āha--asamarthā tviti| pūrvaprakāntaṃ yogyameva prakṛtamucyate, na tvanantaroktamityarthaḥ| nanvanuditasyānuvādaḥ kkopayujyata ityata āha--saṃpratīti| pūrvaṃ vyākhyātumidānīmākṣeptumityarthaḥ| ākṣepasamādhānayoḥ sphuṭāvabhāsitve'pi saṃgrahavivaraṇayoḥ paunarūktyaṃ pariharannāha--ākṣipatīti| ### [11.p101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p101) saṃdehādapi pravṛttestatra tatra darśanāt nirūcchvāsamākṣepamujjīvayati--na tāvaditi| amumevārthaṃ bhāṣyeṇa saṃvadati--seyamiti| uktā bhāṣyakuteti śeṣaḥ| kimato yadyevamityata āha--na ceti| arthaviniścaya uktarūpaḥ śreyohetutānumānasahita iti yāvat| prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇaṃ śreyohetutāliṅgaparāmarśaprasavocitamantareṇetyarthaḥ| evaṃrūpatā ca ### [11.p102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p102) prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇasya vyāptismaraṇasāhityameveti tasyāpi bījaṃ samuccinoti--śreyohetutānumānanimittavyāptigrahaṇaṃ ceti| tābhyāṃ vineti| svarūpaniścayaśreyohetutānumānābhyāṃ vinetyarthaḥ| vyāptigrahaṇānantarye'pi tatphalasyaivānumānasya yogyatayā prakrāntatvāt| imameva vārtikārthaṃ pariśodhayan sphuṭayati--tadidamuktamiti| niścayānumāne na prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇānumānabījabhūtavyāptigrahaṇābhyāṃ vinā| te ca na pravṛttyā vinā| pravṛttiśca na niścayānumānābhyāṃ vinetyākṣepasaṃkṣapaḥ| iha ca dvidhā pravṛttiḥ, aihikaphalāāmuṣmikaphalā ca| tatrāmuṣmikaphalā prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇapūrvikaiva| aihikaphalā tu apekṣitopāyatājñānamātrādhīnā arthaniścayamapi nāpekṣate, prāgeva pramāṇasrūpajñānam| kutastarāṃ tadviniścayam? yatrāpi pravṛtteḥ prāgeva pramāṇatattvaviniścayaḥ, tatrāpyasau svahetubalādāyato na pravṛttiṃ prati prayojakaḥ, anyathaikāntikavijayāniścaye prāmāṇyākṣepaka eva vijigīṣuḥ kathāyāṃ na pravarteta|| ### [11.p103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11.p103) na hi jalpato vitaṇḍayato vā avaśyamaikāntiko vijayaḥ| tasmādarthāniścaye'pi pravṛttirityubhayavādisiddhaṃ hṛdi nidhāya siddhāntamupakramate--tatra brūma iti| dṛṣṭārtheṣviti adṛṣṭārthāgamādivyudāsaḥ, tatra pravṛtteḥ phalābhisaṃbaṃdhāniścayāt| anabhyāsadaśāpanneṣvityabhyāsadaśāpannāpitṛvacanādivyudāsaḥ| te hi pramāṇatayā pravṛtteḥ prāgava niścīyante| abhyāsaśvāviparīto vivakṣitaḥ| tena svātmanyabhyāse'pi pravṛttisāmarthyādeva tanniścayo viparītābhyāsavirahāt| sa ca viṣayagocarastannāntarīyakārthagocaro vā tajjātīyatvāvadhāraṇopāyo yatra svarūpato'pi nāsti tatra pravṛttisāmarthyādeva tadgocarasya prāmāṇyāvadhāraṇam, yathā vaidyavacanādanarthanivṛtti saṃbhāvayato'saṃstutapradeśasthiteṣu mūleṣu| yatra tu svarūpābhyāso'styeva tadgataṃ tu śreyaḥsādhanamabhyastam, tatra pravṛttisāmarthyena tatsādhanatvagrāhiṇaḥ prāmāṇyam| yathā angiḥ pākādisamartha iti saṃbhāvitāptatvasya vacanādupalabhya svayaṃ pacataḥ| yatrāpi śreyaḥsādhanatve'bhyāsaḥ svarūpe tvanabhyāsastatrāpi svarūpagocarasyaiva prāmāṇyaṃ pravṛttisāmarthyādavasīyate| yathā agniḥ pākādisamartha eveti niścitavato'pariśīlitavanavahnau| sarvatraivārthabhūyastvam, viparyaye tvanarthamāndyaṃ saṃbhāvayataḥ pravṛttiḥ| svarūpaśreyaḥsādhanatvaniścaye'pi phalasaṃdeha ivetyāha--no khalviti|| _First 103 of 1,154 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11)_ ## Linked texts (3) - [Skandamahāpurāṇa (vulgate)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda*vulgate.2.8.10.73) — Sanskrit - [Mṛgendra (another edition)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.siva.kamika.mrgendra*alt.1.69) — Sanskrit - [Nyāyakusumāñjali](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayakusumanjali.1.24) — Udayana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*complete.11) · Pramāṇa