[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo) › 4.11 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 4.11 Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 4.11 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [4.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.11) ubhayathā darśanam, \`\`asty ātmā'' ity āptopadeśāt pratīyate, tatrānumānam --- \`\`icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānāny ātmano liṅgam'' iti, pratyakṣaṃ --- yuñjānasya yogasamādhijam \`\`ātmamanasoḥ saṃyogaviśeṣād ātmā pratyakṣa'' iti/ agnir āptopadeśāt pratīyate \`\`atrāgniḥ''iti, pratyāsīdatā dhūmadarśanenānumīyate, pratyāsannena ca pratyakṣata upalabhyate/ vyavasthā punaḥ --- \`\`agnihotra juhuyāt svargakāmaḥ'' iti, laukikasya svarge na liṅgadarśanam, na pratyakṣam/ stanayitnuśabde śrūyamāṇe śabdahetor anumānam, tatra na pratyakṣam, nāgamaḥ/ pāṇau pratyakṣata upalabhyamāne nānumānam, nāgama iti/ sā ceyaṃ pramitiḥ pratyakṣaparā/ jijñāsitam artham āptopadeśāt pratipadyamāno liṅgadarśanenāpi bubhutsate, - [Previous: 4.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.10) - [Next: 4.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.12) - [Up: 4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.11) · Pramāṇa