[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo) › 465 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 465 Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 465 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [465.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.465.3) sādhyadṛṣṭāntayor dharmavikalpād ubhayasādhyatvāc cotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyasamāḥ || ### [465.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.465.4) dṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ sādhye samāsañjayata utkarṣasamaḥ/ yadi kriyāhetuguṇayogāl loṣṭavat kriyāvān ātmā, loṣṭavad eva sparśavān api prāpnoti/ atha na sparśavān, loṣṭavat kriyāvān api na prāpnoti, viparyaye vā viśeṣo vaktavya iti/ sādhye dharmābhāvaṃ dṛṣṭāntāt prasañjayato 'pakarṣasamaḥ/ loṣṭaḥ khalu kriyāvān avibhur dṛṣṭaḥ, ### [465.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.465.5) % -vibhur dṛṣṭaḥ,\] p.1110 kāmam ātmāpi kriyāvān avibhur astu, viparyaye vā viśeṣo vaktavya iti/ khyāpanīyo varṇyo viparyayād avarṇyaḥ/ tāv etau sādhyadṛṣṭāntadharmau viparyasyato varṇyāvarṇyasamau bhavataḥ/ sādhanadharmayukte dṛṣṭānte dharmāntaravikalpāt sādhyadharmavikalpaṃ prasañjayato vikalpasamaḥ/ kriyāhetuguṇayuktaṃ kiñcid guru yathā loṣṭaḥ, kiṃcil laghu yathā vāyuḥ, evaṃ kriyāhetuguṇayuktaṃ kiñcit kriyāvat syāt yathā loṣṭaḥ, kiñcid akriyaṃ yathātmā, viśeṣo vā vācya iti/ hetvādyavayavasāmarthyayogī dharmaḥ sādhyaḥ, taṃ dṛṣṭānte prasañjayataḥ sādhyasamaḥ/ yadi yathā loṣṭas tathātmā, prāptas tarhi yathātmā tathā loṣṭa iti/ sādhyaś cāyam ātmā kriyāvān iti kāmaṃ loṣṭo 'pi sādhyaḥ/ atha naivam, na tarhi yathā loṣṭaḥ tathātmā//4// ## Linked texts (4) - [Nyāyamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.8.39) — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Nyāyasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayasara.2.p46) — Bhāsarvajña, Sanskrit - [Tārkikarakṣā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.13) — Varadarāja, Sanskrit - [Nyāyapariśiṣṭa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayaparisista.1.p126) — Udayana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.465](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.465) · Pramāṇa