[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo) › 477.4 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 477.4 Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 477.4 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [477.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.477.4) ubhayena nityena cānityena ca sādharmyāt pakṣapratipakṣayoḥ pravṛttiḥ prakriyā/ anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād ghaṭavad ity ekaḥ pakṣaṃ pravarttayati, dvitīyaś ca nityasādharmyāt pratipakṣaṃ pravarttayati --- nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt śabdatvavad iti/ evaṃ ca sati prayatnānantarīyakatvād iti hetur anityasādharmyeṇa ucyamāno na prakaraṇam ativarttate, prakaraṇānativṛtter nirṇayānativartanam/ samānaṃ caitan nityasādharmyeṇocyamāṇe hetau/ tad idaṃ prakaraṇānativṛttyā pratyavasthānaṃ prakaraṇasamaḥ/ samānaṃ caitad vaidharmye 'pi, ubhayavaidharmyāt prakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasama iti//16// - [Previous: 477.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.477.3) - [Next: 478.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.478.2) - [Up: 477](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.477) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.477.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.477.4) · Pramāṇa