[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo) › 4 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 4 Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 4 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.2) trividhā cāsya śāstrasya pravṛttiḥ, --- uddeśo lakṣaṇaṃ parīkṣā ceti/ tatra nāmadheyena padārthamātrasyābhidhānam uddśaḥ/ ### [4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.3) % nāmadheyena ... uddeśaḥ/\] p.84 tatroddiṣṭasya tattvavyavacchedako dharmao lakṣaṇam/ lakṣitasya yathālakṣaṇam upapadyate na veti pramāṇair avadhāraṇaṃ parīkṣā/ tatroddiṣṭasya pravibhaktasya lakṣaṇam ucyate, ### [4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.4) % -ddiṣṭasya pravibhaktasya lakṣaṇam ucyate,\] p.85 yathā --- pramāṇānāṃ prameyasya ca/ uddhiṣṭasya lakṣitasya ca vibhāgavacanam, yathā --- chalasya \`\`vacanavighāto 'rthavikalpopapattyā cchalam'', \`\`tat trividham'' iti/ athoddiṣṭasya vibhāgavacanam --- ### [4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.5) pratyakṣānumānopamānaśabdāḥ pramāṇāni || ### [4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.6) akṣasyākṣasya prativiṣayaṃ vṛttiḥ pratyakṣam/ vṛttis tu --- sannikarṣaḥ, jñānaṃ vā/ ### [4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.7) yadā sannikarṣas tadā jñānaṃ pramitiḥ, yadā jñānam, tadā hānopādānopekṣābuddhayaḥ phalam/ ### [4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.8) anumānaṃ --- mitena liṅgena liṅgino 'rthasya paścān mānam anumānam/ ### [4.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.9) upamānaṃ --- sāmīpyajñānaṃ --- yathā gaur evaṃ gavaya iti/ sāmīpyaṃ tu sāmānyayogaḥ/ śabdaḥ --- śabdyate 'nenārtha ity abhidhīyate jñāpyate/ ### [4.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.10) upalabdhisādhanāni pramāṇāni samākhyānirvacanasāmarthyāt boddhavyam/ pramīyate 'neneti karaṇārthābhidhāno hi pramāṇaśabdaḥ/ tadviśeṣasamākhyāyā api tathaiva vyākhyānam/ kiṃ punaḥ pramāṇāni prameyam abhisaṃplavante? atha pratiprameyaṃ vyavatiṣṭhanta iti? ### [4.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.11) ubhayathā darśanam, \`\`asty ātmā'' ity āptopadeśāt pratīyate, tatrānumānam --- \`\`icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānāny ātmano liṅgam'' iti, pratyakṣaṃ --- yuñjānasya yogasamādhijam \`\`ātmamanasoḥ saṃyogaviśeṣād ātmā pratyakṣa'' iti/ agnir āptopadeśāt pratīyate \`\`atrāgniḥ''iti, pratyāsīdatā dhūmadarśanenānumīyate, pratyāsannena ca pratyakṣata upalabhyate/ vyavasthā punaḥ --- \`\`agnihotra juhuyāt svargakāmaḥ'' iti, laukikasya svarge na liṅgadarśanam, na pratyakṣam/ stanayitnuśabde śrūyamāṇe śabdahetor anumānam, tatra na pratyakṣam, nāgamaḥ/ pāṇau pratyakṣata upalabhyamāne nānumānam, nāgama iti/ sā ceyaṃ pramitiḥ pratyakṣaparā/ jijñāsitam artham āptopadeśāt pratipadyamāno liṅgadarśanenāpi bubhutsate, ### [4.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.12) % bubhutsate,\] p.93 liṅgadarśanānumitaṃ ca pratyakṣato didṛkṣate, upalabdhe 'rthe jijñāsā nivarttate/ pūrvoktam udāharaṇam \`\`agniḥ'' iti/ pramātuḥ pramāṇānāṃ sambhavo 'bhisaṃplavaḥ, asambhavo vyavastheti//3// ### [4.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4.13) iti trisūtrībhāṣyam/ ## Linked texts (3) - [Nyāyamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.2.280) — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Vedāntakaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.vedantakaumudi.3.p328) — Vallabha Deva, Sanskrit - [Vedāntakaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.advaita.sastra.vedantakaumudi.3.p328) — Rāmadvaya, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.4) · Pramāṇa