[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) › [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo) › 8 # Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 8 Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 8 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8.2) atha śabdaḥ --- ### [8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8.3) āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ || ### [8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8.4) āptaḥ khalu sākṣātkṛtadharmā yathādṛṣṭasyārthasya cikhyāpayiṣayā prayukta upadeṣṭā/ ### [8.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8.5) sākṣātkaraṇam arthasyāptiḥ, tayā pravartata ity āptaḥ/ ṛṣyāryamlecchānāṃ samānaṃ lakṣaṇam/ ### [8.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8.6) % samānaṃ lakṣaṇam/\] p.176 tathā ca sarveṣāṃ vyavahārāḥ pravarttanta iti/ evam ebhiḥ pramāṇair devamanuṣyatiraścāṃ vyavahārāḥ prakalpante, nāto 'nyatheti//7// ## Linked texts (1) - [Nyāyamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.1.3.10) — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.8) · Pramāṇa