Nyayasutra 359
Nyāyabhāṣya 359
- Language
- Sanskrit
359.3
nātītānāgatayoḥ kārakaśabdaprayogāt ||
NyS 4.1.16: [Objection:] Not so, because words denoting an agent are applied to past and future things.
359.4
atīte cānāgate cāvidyamāne kārakaśabdāḥ prayujyante/ putro janiṣyate, janiṣyamāṇaṃ putram abhinandati, putrasya janiṣyamāṇasya nāma karoti, abhūt kumbhaḥ, bhinnaṃ kumbham anuśocati, bhinnasya kumbhasya kapālāni, ajātāḥ putrāḥ pitaraṃ tāpayantīti bahulaṃ bhāktāḥ prayogā dṛśyante/ kā punar iyaṃ bhaktiḥ? ānantaryaṃ bhaktiḥ, ānantaryasāmarthyād upamṛdya prādurbhāvārthaḥ, prādurbhaviṣyann aṅkura upamṛdnātīti bhāktaṃ kartṛtvam iti//16//
And case-relation terms are used with respect to what is past and what is future, [even though they are] non-existent: "A son will be born," "He rejoices over the son about to be born," "He gives a name to the son about to be born," "The pot existed," "He laments for the broken pot," "The potsherds of the broken pot," "Unborn sons cause torment to their father"—such figurative usages are frequently seen. What, then, is this figurative usage? The figurative usage is [based on] immediate succession: by virtue of immediate succession, the meaning is "appearing after having destroyed"; [thus] agency is figurative, in the sense that the sprout that is about to appear "destroys" [the seed]. //16
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (1)
- Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit