[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Nyayasutra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra) › 5.1 # Nyayasutra 5.1: Adhyāya 5, Āhnika 1 Nyāyasūtra 5.1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [5.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.3) — 1 part - [5.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.6) — 1 part - [5.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.8) — 1 part - [5.1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.11) — 1 part - [5.1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.13) — 1 part - [5.1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.15) — 1 part - [5.1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.17) — 1 part - [5.1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.20) — 1 part - [5.1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.22) — 1 part - [5.1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.24) — 1 part - [5.1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.26) — 1 part - [5.1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.28) — 1 part - [5.1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.31) — 1 part - [5.1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.34) — 1 part - [5.1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.36) — 1 part - [5.1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.38) — 1 part - [5.1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.43) — 2 parts ### Adhyāya 5, Āhnika 1 ### [5.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.1) sādharmyavaidharmyotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyaprāpty aprāptipraṣaṅgapratidṛṛṣṭāntānutpattisaṃśayaprakaraṇahetvarthā pattyaviśeṣopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhinityānityakaāryasamāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.2) sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāmupasaṃhāre taddharmaviparyayopapatteḥ sādharmyavaidharmyasamau {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.3) gotvād gosiddhivat tatsiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.3.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.3.p1) utkarṣasamādijātiṣaṭkaprakaraṇam(4-6)ṭa ### [5.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.4) sādhyadṛṣṭāntayordharmavikalpādubhayasādhyatvāccotkarṣāpakarṣa varṇyavikalpasādhyasamāḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.5) kiñcitsādharmyādupasaṃhārasiddhervaidharmyādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.6) sādhyātideśācca dṛṣṭāntopaptteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.6.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.6.p1) \[prāptyaprāptisamajātidvayaprakaraṇam(7-8)\] ### [5.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.7) prāpya sādhyamaprāpya vā hetoḥ prāptyāviśiṣṭatvādaprāptyāsādhāka tvācca prāptyaprāptisamau {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.8) ghaṭādiniṣpattidarśanāt pīḍane cābhicārādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.8.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.8.p1) \[prasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntasamaprakaraṇam(9-11)\] ### [5.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.9) dṛṣṭāntasya kāraṇānapadeśāt pratyavasthānācca pratidṛṣṭāntena prasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntasamau {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.10) pradīpopādānaprasaṅganivṛttivat tadvinivṛttiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.11) pratidṛṣṭāntahetutve ca nāheturdṛṣṭāntaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.11.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.11.p1) \[anutpattisamaprakaraṇam(12-13)\] ### [5.1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.12) prāgutpatteḥ kāraṇābhāvādanutpattisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.13) tathābhāvādutpannasya kāraṇopapatterna kāraṇapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.13.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.13.p1) \[saṃśayasamaprakaraṇam(14-15)\] ### [5.1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.14) sāmānyadṛṣṭāntayoraindriyakatve samāne nityānityasādharmyāt saṃśayasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.15) sādharmyātsaṃśaye na saṃśayo vaidharmyādubhayathā vā saṃśaye 'tyanta saṃśayaprasaṅgo nityatvānabhyūpagamācca sāmānyasyāpratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.15.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.15.p1) \[prakaraṇasamaprakaraṇam(16-17)\] ### [5.1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.16) ubhayasādharmyāt prakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.17) pratipakṣāt prakaraṇasiddheḥ pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ pratipakṣopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.17.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.17.p1) \[ahetusamaprakaraṇam(18-20)\] ### [5.1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.18) traikālyāsiddherhetorahetusamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.19) na hetutaḥ sādhyasiddhestraikālyāssiddhiḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.20) pratiṣedhānupapatteśca pratiṣeddhavyāpratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.20.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.20.p1) \[arthāpattisamaprakaraṇam(21-22)\] ### [5.1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.21) arthāpattitaḥ pratipakṣasiddherarthāpattisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.22) anuktasyārthāpatteḥ pakṣahānerupapattiranuktatvādanaikāntikatvāc cārthāpatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.22.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.22.p1) \[aviśeṣasamaprakaraṇam(23-24)\] ### [5.1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.23) ekadharmopapatteraviśeṣe sarvāviśeṣaprasaṅgātsadbhābopapatter- aviśeṣasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.24) kvaciddharmānupapatteḥ kvaciccopapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.24.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.24.p1) \[uapapattisamaprakaraṇam(25-26)\] ### [5.1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.25) ubhayokāraṇopapatterupapattisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.26) uapapattikāraṇābhyaniñjānādapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.26.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.26.p1) \[upalabdhisamaprakaraṇam(27-28)\] ### [5.1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.27) nirdiṣṭakāraṇābhāve 'pyupalambhādupalabdhisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.28) kāraṇāntarādapi taddharmopapatterapratiṣedhaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.28.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.28.p1) \[anupalabdhisamaprakaraṇam(29-31)\] ### [5.1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.29) tadanupalabdheranupalambhādabhāvasiddhau tadviparītopapatter anupalabdhisamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.30) anupalambhātmakatvādanupalabdherahetuḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.31) jñānavikalpānāṃ ca bhāvābhāvasaṃvedanādadhyātmam {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.31.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.31.p1) \[anityasamaprakaraṇam(32-34) ### [5.1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.32) sādharmyāttulyadharmopapatteḥ sarvānityatvaprasaṅgādanityasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.33) sādharmyādasiddheḥ pratiṣedhāsiddhiḥ pratiṣedhyasādharmyācca {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.34) dṛṣṭānte ca sādhyasādhanabhāvena prajñātasya dharmasya tasysa cobhayathā bhāvānnāviśeṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.34.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.34.p1) \[anityasamaprakaraṇam(35-36)\] ### [5.1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.35) nityamanityabhāvādanitye nityatvopapatternityasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.36) pratiṣedhye nityamanityabhāvādanitye 'nityatvopapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.36.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.36.p1) \[kāryasamaprakaraṇam(37-38)\] ### [5.1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.37) prayatnakāryānekatvāt kāryasamaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.38) kāryānyatve prayatnāhetutvamanupalabdhikāraṇopapatteḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.38.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.38.p1) \[ṣaṭpakṣīprakaraṇam(39-40)\] ### [5.1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.39) pratiṣedhe 'pi samānadoṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.40) sarvatraivam {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.41) pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe pratiṣedhadoṣavad doṣaḥ {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.42) pratiṣedhaṃ sadoṣamabhyupetya pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe samāno doṣaprasaṅgo matānujñā {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.43) svapakṣalakṣanāpekṣopapattyupasaṃhāre hetunirdeśe parapakṣadoṣā bhyupagamāt samāno doṣa iti {siddhānta-sūtra} ### [5.1.43.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.43.p1) (iti nyāyasūtre pañcamādhyāyasya prathamam āhnikam) ### [5.1.43.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.43.p2) (dvitīyam āhnikam) ## Commentaries (6) - [Nyāyabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana) — Vātsyāyana, Sanskrit - [Anvīkṣānayatattvabodha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vardhamana.1.2.1) — Vardhamāna Upādhyāya, Sanskrit - [Prakāśa of Keśava Miśra Tarkācārya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!kesava-misra-tarkacarya.13.2) — Keśava Miśra Tarkācārya 1500, Sanskrit - [Nyāyasūtroddhāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vacaspati-misra.12.3) — Vācaspatimiśra (Maithila smārta), Sanskrit - [Vivaraṇa of Rādhāmohana Vidyāvācaspati Gosvāmin](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!radhamohana-vidyavacaspati-gosvamin.10.1) — Rādhāmohana Vidyāvācaspati Gosvāmin 1730, Sanskrit - [Nyāyasūtravṛtti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!visvanatha.5.4.1) — Viśvanātha Nyāyapañcānana 1634, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (5) - [Nyāyamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.8.8) — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Nyāyapariśiṣṭa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayaparisista.1.p112) — Udayana, Sanskrit - [Nyāyasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayasara.2.p46) — Bhāsarvajña, Sanskrit - [Tārkikarakṣā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.13) — Varadarāja, Sanskrit - [Utpādasiddhi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.pramana.utpadasiddhi.11.1.11) — Candrasena, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1) · Pramāṇa