[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Manuals and primers](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana) › [The Bud of Nyāya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika) › 1.15 # The Bud of Nyāya 1.15 Nyāyakalikā 1.15 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.15) cāyaṃ sādhāraṇo'naikāntikaścaturvidhaḥ| sapakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ vipakṣavyāpī vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī-ubhayapakṣadeśaikavṛttiḥ ubhayapakṣavyāpīti | prakārabhedavyutpādanaprayojanam, sādhāraṇatvānapāyāt | asādhāraṇastu—nityā bhūrgandhavatvādityanaikāntiko na bhavati vipakṣavṛttyabhāvāt | kastarhi ayaṃ hetvābhāsaḥ | aprayojako jātiprayogo veti vakṣyate | aprayojakatvañca sarvahetvābhāsānāmalugataṃ rūpam | anityāḥ paramāṇavo mūrtatvāt iti sarvalakṣaṇasampanno'pyaprayojaka eva | viruddhāvyabhicārī tu nāma hetvābhāso nāstyeva | ekatra dharmiṇi viruddhadharmasādhanayoḥ dvayorhetvoranupanipātāt jātiprayogamātrantu taducyate | anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavat-nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt śabdavat iti saṃśayajanakatvaṃ nānaikāntikasakṣaṇaṃ, cakṣurādāvapi tathābhāvaprasakteriti pratyakṣāgamaviruddhaḥ kālātyayāpadiṣṭaḥ | abādhitaparapakṣaparigraho hetuprayogakālaḥ tamatītyāsāvupadiṣṭa iti | anuṣṇo'gniḥkṛtakatvāt ghaṭavaditi pratyakṣaviruddhaḥ | brāhmaṇena surāpeyā dravadravyatvāt kṣīravat ityāgamaviruddhaḥ | anumānaviruddhantu nānumānambhavati | tulyababalayoranumānayoḥ bādhyavādhakabhāvābhāvāt | atulyabalatvaṃ tu ekasya yatkṛtaṃ tata eva tadābhāsatve siddhe kimanumānavādhyeti viśeṣāgrahaṇāt prakaraṇe pakṣe saṃśayo bhavati-nityaḥ śabdo'nityaḥ śabdo veti | tadeva viśeṣāgrahaṇaṃ bhrāntyā - [Previous: 1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.14) - [Next: 1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.16) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.15) · Pramāṇa