[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Manuals and primers](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana) › [The Bud of Nyāya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika) › 1.16 # The Bud of Nyāya 1.16 Nyāyakalikā 1.16 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.16) hetutvena prayovyamānaṃ prakaraṇasamo hetvābhāso bhavati | anityaḥ śabdo nityadharmānupalabdheḥ ghaṭavaditi, nityaḥ śabdo'nityadharmānupalabdheḥ ākāśavat iti | na cānayoranyataradapi sādhanaṃ balīyaḥ yaditarasya bādhakamucyeta | na cāyameva viruddhavyabhicārī bhavati anaikāntikalakṣaṇābhāvāditi ta ime hetvābhāsā nyāyapravivekaṃ kurvanto vastuśuddhiṃ vidadhatīti pṛthagucyante | ata eva nigrahasthānāntargatānāmapyeṣāṃpṛthagupadeśaḥ tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jalpavitaṇḍayoraṅgabhūtāni chalajātinigrahasthānāni pṛthagupadiṣṭāni | tatra parasya vadato'rthavikalpopapādanena vacanavighātaḥ chalam | tat trividham | vākchalam sāmānyacchalam upacāracchalañceti | sādhāraṇe śabde prayukte vakturabhipretārthāntarakalpanaṃ vākchalam | navakambalo 'yammāṇavaka iti nūtanavivakṣayā kathyate | paraḥ saṅkhyāmāropya niṣedhati-kuto'sya nava kambalā iti sambhāvanayā'tiprasaṅgino'pi sāmānyasyopanyāse hetutvāropeṇa tanniṣedhaḥ sāmānyacchalam | aho nu khalvasau brāhmaṇo vidyācaraṇasampanna iti brāhmaṇastutiprasaṅge kaścid vadati-sambhavati brāhmaṇe vidyācaraṇasampaditi taṃ chalavādī brāhmaṇatvasya hetutāmāropya nirākurvannabhiyuṅkteyadi brāhmaṇe vidyācaraṇasampadasti brātye'pi sā bhavet vrātyo'pi brāhmaṇa eveti aupacārika prayoge mukhyapratiṣedhena pratyavasthānamupacāracchalam | mañcāḥ krośantītyukte paraḥ pratyavatiṣṭhate-mañcāḥ kathamacetanāḥ krośanti mañcasthāḥ puruṣāḥ krośantīti tatra chalatraye'pi vṛddhavyavahāraprasiddhaśabdasāmarthyaparīkṣaṇameva pratisamādhānaṃ veditavyam - [Previous: 1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.15) - [Next: 1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.17) - [Up: 1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1) ## Linked texts (2) - [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.55.4) — Sanskrit - [Nyāyasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayasara.2.p30) — Bhāsarvajña, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.nyayakalika.1.16) · Pramāṇa