[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Logic and epistemology](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya) › [Manuals and primers](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana) › [Tarkikaraksha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa) › 2.20 # Tarkikaraksha 2.20 Tārkikarakṣā 2.20 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.20) nirṇayakāraṇopanyāse 'pi saṃśayahetūnāṃ samānadharmādīnāmanyatamasadbhāvamātrāt saṃśayāpādanena pratyavasthānaṃ saṃśayasamaḥ yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavaditi anityatvanirṇayapramāṇopanyāse yadi nirṇayakasadbhāvānnirṇayaḥ syāt tarhi nityānityayoḥ sāmānyaghaṭayoḥ samānamaindriyakatvaṃ saṃśayahetuḥ śabde 'stīti nityānityatve saṃśayo'pi syāt svakāraṇasadbhāve 'pi vā saṃśayānutpattau nirṇayopi na syādaviśeṣāditi | samānadharmādisaṃśayakāraṇavidhurasya nirṇayakāraṇasya nirṇayahetutvamityabhimānaḥ kāraṇam kāryāpekṣayā satpratipannatvamāropyaṃ nirṇayapratipannasya saṃśayasyopasthānāt | jñāpyāpekṣayā viśeṣaṇāsiddhiḥ saṃśayahetuvirahe nirṇayahetutvamityabhimānāt tasya cātrābhāvāditi | atra sūtram | sāmānyadṛṣṭāntayoraindriyakatve sāmāne nityānityasādharmyāt saṃśayasama iti atra samāna ityantamudāharaṇapradarśanaparam | nityānityaśabdau sapakṣavipakṣāvupalakṣayataḥ sādharmyapadaṃ ca saṃśayahetum | tataśca sādhyatadabhāvayoḥ saṃśayakāraṇādityarthaḥ | evaṃ ca viṣayataḥ kāraṇataśca vyāptirbhavati doṣamūlaṃ tu yuktāṅgahāniḥ nirṇāyakabhāvaviśiṣṭasya samānadharmādeḥ saṃśayahetutvamityanaṅgīkārāt | anyathā nirṇāyakasadbhāve 'pi samānadharmādeḥ saṃśayotpattau tadanucchedaprasaṅgāt | ayuktāṅgādhikatvaṃ vā samānadharmādivirahasya nirṇayāṅgatvabhyupagamāt vyāghātastu sugama eva | sūtraṃ tu sādharmyāt saṃśaye na saṃśayo vaidharmyādubhayathā vā saṃśaye 'tyantasaṃśayaprasaṅgo nityatvānabhyupagamānna sāmānyasyāpratiṣedha iti | tatra sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ saṃśāyakanirṇāyakāvupalakṣayati | sāmānyagrahaṇena ca saṃśayahetum | etenāyamarthaḥ samānadharmādeḥ saṃśaye janayitavye nirṇāyakasadbhāvānna saṃśayaḥ syāt tasminnapi satyeva saṃśayotpattau saṃśayānucchedaprasaṅgaḥ samānadharmādernityaṃ saṃśayahetutvaṃ ca nābhyupagacchāmaḥ tulyatvamabhyupetyaiva parahetoḥ svahetunā bādhena pratyavasthānaṃ prakriyāsama iṣyate - [Previous: 2.16-3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.16-3) - [Next: 2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.21) - [Up: 2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2) ## Linked texts (4) - [Nyāyamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayamanjari.2.8.75) — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra!vatsyayana*tokyo.475.3) — Sanskrit - [Nyāyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayasutra.5.1.14) — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit - [Nyāyapariśiṣṭa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.nyayaparisista.1.p164) — Udayana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.nyaya.prakarana.tarkikaraksa.2.20) · Pramāṇa