[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana) › [Enumeration (dualism of spirit and matter)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya) › [Sāṃkhyakārikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika) › [Samkhyakarikabhashya (Gaudapadabhashya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada) › 23 # Verses on Sāṃkhya 23 Sāṃkhyakārikābhāṣya (Gauḍapādabhāṣya) 23 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [23.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada.23.1) idānīṃ sarvavibhāgadarśanārthamāha / > Now, in order to show all the distinctions, he says: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [23.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada.23.2) prakṛtermahāṃstato 'haṅkārastasmādgaṇaśca ṣoḍaśakaḥ / tasmādapi ṣoḍaśakātpañcabhyaḥ pañca bhūtāni // > From primordial nature arises the great principle; from that, the ego-maker; from that, the group of sixteen; > and from five of that group of sixteen arise the five elements. // > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [23.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada.23.3) prakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ brahma avyaktaṃ bahudhānakaṃ māyeti paryāyāḥ / aliṅgasyāḥ prakṛteḥ sakāśānmahānutpadyate mahān buddhirāsurī matiḥ khyātirjñānaṃ prajñāparyāyairutpadyate tasmācca mahato 'haṃkāra utpadyate 'haṃkāro bhūtādivaikṛtastaijaso 'bhimāna iti paryāyāḥ tasmādgaṇaśca ṣoḍaśakaḥ tasmādahaṃkārācchoḍaśakaḥ ṣoḍaśasvarūpeṇa guṇa utpadyate / sa yathā / pañcatanmātrāṇi śabdatanmātraṃ sparśatanmātraṃ rupatanmātraṃ rasatanmātraṃ gandhatanmātramiti / tanmātrasūkṣmaparyāyavācyāni / tata ekādaśendriyāṇi śrotraṃ tvak cakṣuṣī jihvā ghrāṇamiti pañca buddhīndriyāṇi / vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthāḥ pañcakarmendriyāṇyubhayātmakamekādaśaṃ mana eṣa ṣoḍaśako gaṇo 'haṃkārādutpadyate / kiṃca pañcabhyaḥ pañca bhūtāni tasmācchoḍaśakādgaṇāt pañcabhyastanmātrebhyaḥ sakāśāt pañca vai mahābhūtānyutpadyante / yaduktaṃ śabdatanmātrādākāśaṃ sparśatanmātrādvāyuḥ rūpatanmātrāttejaḥ rasatanmātrādāpaḥ gandhatanmātrāt pṛthivī evaṃ pañcabhyaḥ paramāṇubhyaḥ pañcamahābhūtānyutpadyante // 22 // > "Primordial nature"—primary matter, brahman, the unmanifest, bahudhānaka, māyā are synonyms. From primordial nature, which is markless, arises the great principle; the great principle arises with the synonyms intellect, āsurī, thought, discrimination, knowledge, and wisdom. And from that great principle arises the ego-maker; the ego-maker has the synonyms bhūtādi, vaikṛta, taijasa, and conceit. "From that, the group of sixteen": from that ego-maker, a group of sixteen possessing sixteen individual forms arises. It is as follows: the five subtle elements—the subtle element of sound, the subtle element of touch, the subtle element of form, the subtle element of taste, the subtle element of smell. These are expressed by the synonyms subtle element and subtle. Then the eleven sense faculties: the ear, the skin, the two eyes, the tongue, and the nose—these are the five faculties of cognition; the voice, hands, feet, anus, and genitals are the five faculties of action; and the mind, having the nature of both, is the eleventh. This group of sixteen arises from the ego-maker. Furthermore: "from five, the five elements": from that group of sixteen, from the five subtle elements, the five gross elements indeed arise. As has been said: from the subtle element of sound arises space; from the subtle element of touch, wind; from the subtle element of form, fire; from the subtle element of taste, water; from the subtle element of smell, earth. In this way, from the five subtle elements the five gross elements arise. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada~en-mt.23.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [Sāṃkhyakārikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika.21) — Īśvarakṛṣṇa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.samkhya.samkhyakarika!gaudapada.23) · Pramāṇa