[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Jain Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina) › [The four Anuyogas ("expositions")](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga) › [Ontology, epistemology and logic](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil) › [Nyāyaviniścaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya) › [Nyayavinishcayavivarana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja) › v1.p55 # Nyayavinishcaya v1.p55 Nyāyaviniścayavivaraṇa v1.p55 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [v1.p55.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja.v1.p55.1) prastāvanā 53 aura ऑksijana kā ऑksijana hī rahatā hai usa samaya bhī pratikṣaṇa parivartana sajātīya rūpa hotā hī rahatā hai | yahī viśva ke samasta cetana acetana dravyoṃ kī sthiti hai | isa taraha eka dhārā kī paryāyoṃ meṃ anugata vyavahāra kā kāraṇa sādṛśya samānya na hokara ūrdhvatā sāmānya dhauvya santāna yā dravya hotā hai | isī taraha vibhinna dravyoṃ meṃ bhedakā prayojaka vyatireka viśeṣa hotā hai jo tadvyaktitva rūpa hai | eka dravya kī do paryāyoṃ meṃ bheda vyavahāra karāne vālā paryāya nāmaka viśeṣa hai| "jaina darśanane una sabhī kalpanāoṃ ke grāhaka naya to batāe haiṃ jo vastusīmā ko lām̐ghakara adhāratā yāda kī ora jātī haiṃ| para sātha hī spaṣṭa kaha diyā hai ki ye saba vaktā ke abhiprāya haiṃ, usake saṃkalpa ke prakāra haiṃ | vastusthiti ke grāhaka nahīṃ haiṃ | , guṇa aura dharma-vastu meṃ guṇa bhī hote haiṃ aura dharma bhī guṇa svabhāvabhūta hai aura inakī pratīti | paranirapekṣa hotī hai| dharmokī pratīti parasāpekṣa hotī hai aura vyavahārārtha inakī abhivyakti vastu kī yogyatā ke anusāra hotī rahatī hai| dharma ananta hote haiṃ| guṇa gine hue haiṃ| yathā-jīva ke asādhāraṇa guṇa- jñāna darśana, mukha, bī ādi hai| sādhāraṇa guṇa vastutya prameyatva satva ādi pula ke rūpa rasa gandha sparśa ādi asādhāraṇa guṇa haiṃ| maṃḍavya kā gatihetutya adharmadravya kā sthitihetukha, ākāśa kā avagāhananimiva aura kālakā vartanāhetutva asādhāraṇa guṇa haiṃ| sādhāraṇa guṇa vastukha satva abhidheyatva prameyatya ādi | ### [v1.p55.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja.v1.p55.2) jīva meṃ jñānādi guṇoṃ kī sattā aura pratīti nirapekṣa hai, svābhāvika hai | para choṭā bar̤ā, pitṛtva guruvayava ādi dharma sāpekṣa haiṃ| yadyapi inakī yogyatā jīva meṃ hai para śānādi ke samāna the svarasataḥ guṇa nahīṃ haiṃ| isī taraha pula meṃ rūpa rasa gandha aura sparśa ye to svābhāvika paranirapekṣa guṇa haiṃ parantu choṭā bar̤ā eka do tīna ādi saṃrūpā, saṃketa ke anusāra honevālī vāvyatā ādi aise dharma hai jinakī abhivyakti vyavahārārthaṃ hotī hai | guṇa paranirapekṣa svataḥ pratīta hote haiṃ tathā dharma parāpekṣa hokara | vastu meṃ yogyatā donoṃ kī hai| sāmānya vivakṣā se sabhī vastu ke svabhāva māne jāte haiṃ| saptamī meṃ dharmoṃ kī kalpanā vaktā ke praśnoṃ ke anusāra kī jātī hai| eka dharma ko kendra meṃ mānane para usakā pratipakṣī dharma ā jātā hai| phira dono rūpako ekasātha śabda se kahane kā prayatna saṃbhava nahīṃ hai ataḥ vastu kā nijarūpa avaktavya upasthita ho jātā hai| isa taraha sat asat aura avaktavya ina tīna dharmoṃ ko lekara adhika se adhika sāta hī praśna ho sakate haiṃ| ataḥ saptabhaṅgī kā nirūpaṇa adhika se adhika sāta praśnoṃ kī saṃbhāvanā kā uttara hai| praśna sāta ho sakate haiṃ isakā kāraṇa sāta prakāra kī jijñāsā kā honā hai| jijñāsā kā sāta prakāra kā honā sāta prakāra ke saṃśayoṃ ke adhīna hai| tathā saṃśaya sāta isalie hote haiṃ ki vastu ke dharma hī sāta prakāra ke haiṃ | ### [v1.p55.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja.v1.p55.3) viśadarśana pratyakṣa — isa taraha jñāna drayapayātmaka aura sāmānyaviśeṣātmaka artha ko viṣaya karatā hai| kevala sāmānyātmaka yā viśeṣātmaka koī padārtha nahīṃ hai aura na kevala ivyātmaka yā paryāyātmaka hī isīlie akadevane pratyakṣa kā lakṣaṇa karate samaya vārtika meṃ ya paryāya sāmānya aura viśeṣa ye cāra viśeṣaṇa artha ke die haiṃ| inakī sārthakatā uparyukta vivecana se spaṣṭa ho jātī hai | jñāna ke lie unane likhā hai ki use sākāra aura svasaṃvedī honā cāhie | yahām̐ taka sākāra svasaṃvedī aura dravyaparyāyasāmānyaviśeṣārthavedī jñāna kā nirūpaṇa huā| aisā jñāna jaba aṃjasā spaṣṭa arthāt paramārthataḥ viśada ho taba use pratyakṣa kahate haiṃ| sādhāraṇatayā darśanāntaroṃ meṃ tathā lokavyavahāra meṃ indriyajanya jñāna ko pratyakṣa mānā gayā hai| tathā indriya ke pare rahanevāle padārtha kā bodha parokṣa kahā jātā hai para jaina darśana kā pratyakṣa aura parokṣa kā apanā svopajña vicāra hai vaha indriya ādi para padārthoṃ kī apekṣā rakhane vāle jñāna ko parokṣa arthāt paratantra jñāna mānatā hai, tathā indriyādi nirapekṣa ātmamātrottha jñāna ko pratyakṣa | yaha pratyakṣa kā kāraṇamūlaka vivecana hai para svarūpa meṃ jo jñāna viśada ho vaha pratyakṣa kahalātā hai| yaha viśadatā upavahāra meṃ aṃśataḥ indriyajanya jñāna meṃ bhī pāī jātī hai ataḥ indriyajanya jñāna ko saṃkhya bahāra pratyakṣa kahate haiṃ| yadyapi āgamoṃ meṃ indriyajanya mati ko parokṣa kahā hai aura vaha āgamika paribhāṣā --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja.v1.p55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyayaviniscaya!vadiraja.v1.p55) · Pramāṇa