[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Jain Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina) › [The four Anuyogas ("expositions")](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga) › [Ontology, epistemology and logic](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil) › [Logic and epistemology (pramāṇa, naya, syādvāda)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya) › [Standpoints, nikṣepa, saptabhaṅgī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya) › [Dvādaśāranayacakra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra) › [Nyayagamanusarini](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri) › 3.148 # Dvadasharanayacakra 3.148 Nyāyāgamānusāriṇī 3.148 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [3.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri.3.148) śabdārtho'dhunā --sādṛśyasāmānyaṃ ca śabdārthaḥ, vākyārthasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt padārtha iti gamyate . sadṛśasanniveśamānairmīyata iti samānam, samānaṃ dṛktvaṃ yatra draṣṭṝṇāṃ tat sadṛśam, sadṛśaṃ samānam, samānabhāvaḥ sāmānyaṃ jāti-liṅga-pratyayā-'bhidhāneṣviti, nānyāpoho na samānavastvatiriktatattattvādi vā tadanupapatteḥ . etat sāmānyaṃ śabdārthaḥ . nanu sāmānyamavikalpātmakaṃ puruṣaniyatyādi sarvasarvātmakatvāditi pūrvavādaprasaṅga iti cet, netyucyate, sarvasarvātmakatve'pi ca sṛṣṭyarthavattvāt, jagatsṛṣṭilakṣaṇotsargavyāpitvāt tadarthavattvādasya nayasya nāvikalpaḥ iti sambhantsyate prakṛtaśabdārthaḥ, abhihitanyāyena sattvādiśabdāditanvādivikalpapratyayasya satyārthatvādadvaitapratyayasyāsatyārthatvāditi padārtha uktaḥ . vākyārtho'dhunā — vākyamapi ca pṛthak sarvapadamiti, vākye'vadhārite tadarthāvadhāraṇasaukaryāt . ākhyātaśabdaḥ saṅghāto jātiḥ saṅghātavartinī vākyapa॰ 2 . 1 ityādiṣu vākyalakṣaṇavikalpeṣu asya nayasya matena pṛthak sarvaṃ padaṃ vākyam, vākyārthaḥ pṛthak pṛthak sarvapadārtha iti, yathā devadatta ! gāmabhyāja śuklām ityatraikaikaṃ padaṃ saṅgrahadeśatvād dravyārthaḥ . dravyamapi guṇasandrāvaḥ, guṇānāmekībhāvena dravaṇaṃ tenāpi tadvaśitvāt . upanibandhanamasya duvihā paṇṇavaṇā paṇṇattā--jīvapaṇṇavaṇā ajīvapaṇṇavaṇā ca prajñāpanāsū॰ 1 . 9 . kimidaṃ bhaṃte ! lo+etti pavuccati ? goyamā . jīvā ceva ajīvā ceva, evaṃ rayaṇappabhā jāva īsīpabbhārā samayāvaliyādi . vākyam, kiṃ kāraṇam ? tasmāt sarvasarvātmakatvādeva, yasmāddevadatto'pi gavātmako'bhyājātmakaśca tathā pravartanāt tattadāpatteḥ, tānyapi tatheti tasmāt sarvasarvātmakatvāt pṛthak pṛthak sarvaṃ padaṃ vākyamiti . etasya vidhyubhayanayasya dravyārthabhedo'rthaḥ pūrvaviruddhatvānnayānāmavikalpārthād vidhividhinayād vikalpārthadravyārthatayā bhidyate . - [Previous: 3.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri.3.147) - [Next: 3.149](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri.3.149) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri.3) ## Linked texts (1) - [Dvādaśāranayacakra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra.375) — Mallavādin, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri.3.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.nyaya.naya.dvadasaranayacakra!simhasuri.3.148) · Pramāṇa