[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Epic, Poetry, Drama & Narrative](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit) › [Poetry (mahākāvya, lyric, messenger poems, stotra, Prakrit kāvya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya) › [Shorter narrative and descriptive poems](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda) › [Musical poems after the Gītagovinda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya) › [Gita Govinda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2) › 1.2 # Gita Govinda 1.2 Gītagovinda 1.2 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [1.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.1) — 2 parts - [1.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.10) — 2 parts - [1.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.11) — 1 part - [1.2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.21) — 2 parts ### [1.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.1) viharati vane rādhā sādhāraṇa-praṇaye harau vigalita-nijotkarṣād īrṣyā-vaśena gatā'nyataḥ | kvacid api latā-kuñje guñjan-madhu-vrata-maṇḍalī mukhara-śikhare līna dīnāpy uvāca rahaḥ sakhīm || > While Hari sported in the forest, his love shared equally with all, Rādhā, feeling her own preeminence diminished, went elsewhere overcome with jealousy; / hidden in a vine bower whose topmost foliage hummed with swarms of bees, dejected though she was, she spoke in secret to her confidante: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Thus lingered Krishna in the deep, green wood, > And gave himself, too prodigal, to those; > But Radha, heart-sick at his falling-off, > Seeing her heavenly beauty slighted so, > Withdrew; and, in a bower of Paradise-- > Where nectarous blossoms wove a shrine of shade, > Haunted by birds and bees of unknown skies-- > She sate deep-sorrowful, and sang this strain, > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.1.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.1.p1) || prabandhaḥ 5 || > || Lyric Composition 5 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > (What follows is to the Music GURJJARÎ and the Mode YATI.) > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.1.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.1.p2) gurjarī-rāgeṇa yati-tālena gīyate | > Sung in the rāga Gurjarī and the tāla Yati. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.2) sañcarad-adhara-sudhā-madhura-dhvani-mukharita-mohana-vaṃśam | calita-dṛg-añcala-cañcala-mauli-kapola-vilola-vataṃsam | rāse harim iha vihita-vilāsaṃ smarati mano mama kṛta-parihāsam || dhru. || > His enchanting flute resounding with the sweet tone of the nectar of his moving lips, / his head swaying with trembling glances from the corners of his eyes, his earrings dangling against his cheeks— / my mind remembers Hari here, laughing and sporting in the rāsa. || Refrain > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Ah, my Beloved! taken with those glances, > Ah, my Beloved! dancing those rash dances, > Ah, Minstrel! playing wrongful strains so well; > Ah, Krishna! Krishna with the honeyed lip! > Ah, Wanderer into foolish fellowship! > My Dancer, my Delight!--I love thee still. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.3) candraka-cāru-mayūra-śikhaṇḍaka-maṇḍala-valayita-keśam | pracura-purandara-dhanur-anurañjita-medura-mudira-suveśam || > His hair encircled with a crown of lovely eyes from peacock feathers, / splendidly arrayed like a dense cloud illuminated by an abundant rainbow; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > O Dancer! strip thy peacock-crown away, > Rise! thou whose forehead is the star of day, > With beauty for its silver halo set; > Come! thou whose greatness gleams beneath its shroud > Like Indra's rainbow shining through the cloud-- > Come, for I love thee, my Beloved! yet. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.4) gopa-kadamba-nitambavatī-mukha-cumbana-lambhita-lobham | bandhujīva-madhurādhara-pallavam ullasita-smita-śobham || > Eagerly longing to kiss the faces of the shapely-hipped cowherd women, / the sprout of his sweet lower lip red as a bandhujīva flower, radiant with an open smile; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Must love thee--cannot choose but love thee ever, > My best Beloved--set on this endeavor, > To win thy tender heart and earnest eye > From lips but sadly sweet, from restless bosoms, > To mine, O Krishna with the mouth of blossoms! > To mine, thou soul of Krishna! yet I sigh > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.5) vipula-pulaka-bhuja-pallava-valayita-ballava-yuvati-sahasram | kara-caraṇorasi maṇi-gaṇa-bhūṣaṇa-kiraṇa-vibhinna-tamisram || > Encompassing thousands of young cowherd women with his sprout-like arms thrilled with intense horripilation, / dispelling the darkness with rays from the gem-encrusted ornaments on his hands, feet, and chest; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Half hopeless, thinking of myself forsaken, > And thee, dear Loiterer, in the wood o'ertaken > With passion for those bold and wanton ones, > Who knit thine arms as poison-plants gripe trees > With twining cords--their flowers the braveries > That flash in the green gloom, sparkling stars and stones. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.6) jalada-paṭala-calad-indu-vinindaka-candana-tilaka-lalāṭam | pīna-payodhara-parisara-mardana-nirdaya-hṛdaya-kapāṭam || > His forehead marked with a sandal tilaka mocking the moon gliding through cloud banks, / the portal of his broad chest ruthless in pressing against the swell of full breasts; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > My Prince! my Lotus-faced! my woe! my love! > Whose broad brow, with the tilka-spot above, > Shames the bright moon at full with fleck of cloud; > Thou to mistake so little for so much! > Thou, Krishna, to be palm to palm with such! > O Soul made for my joys, pure, perfect, proud! > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.7) maṇi-maya-makara-manohara-kuṇḍala-maṇḍita-gaṇḍam udāram | pīta-vasanam anugata-muni-manuja-surāsura-vara-parivāram || > Noble, his cheeks adorned with charming earrings shaped like jeweled sea-monsters, / clad in yellow garments, attended by an assembly of sages, mortals, gods, and demons; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Ah, my Beloved! in thy darkness dear; > Ah, Dancer! with the jewels in thine ear, > Swinging to music of a loveless love; > O my Beloved! in thy fall so high > That angels, sages, spirits of the sky > Linger about thee, watching in the grove. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.8) viśada-kadamba-tale militaṃ kali-kaluṣa-bhayaṃ śamayantam | mām api kim api tarala-taraṅgad-anaṅga-dṛśā manasā ramayantam || > Gathered beneath a fair kadamba tree, removing fear born of the impurities of the Kali age, / and delighting me as well in his mind with eyes restless and trembling with love; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > I will be patient still, and draw thee ever, > My one Beloved, sitting by the river > Under the thick kadambas with that throng: > Will there not come an end to earthly madness? > Shall I not, past the sorrow, have the gladness? > Must not the love-light shine for him ere long? > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.9) śrī-jayadeva-bhaṇitam atisundara-mohana-madhu-ripu-rūpam | hari-caraṇa-smaraṇaṃ prati samprati puṇyavatām anurūpam || > This utterance of illustrious Jayadeva, portraying the exceedingly beautiful and enchanting form of the enemy of Madhu, / is now suitable for the righteous to remember the feet of Hari. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Shine, thou Light by Radha given, > Shine, thou splendid star of heaven! > Be a lamp to Krishna's feet, > Show to all hearts secrets sweet, > Of the wonder and the love > Jayadev hath writ above. > Be the quick Interpreter > Unto wisest ears of her > Who always sings to all, "I wait, > He loveth still who loveth late." > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.10) gaṇayati guṇa-grāmaṃ bhāmaṃ bhrāmād api nehate vahati ca paritoṣaṃ doṣaṃ vimuñcati dūrataḥ | NOTE: {bhrāmam} yuvatiṣu valat-tṛṣṇe kṛṣṇe vihāriṇi māṃ vinā punar api mano vāmaṃ kāmaṃ karoti karomi kim || > It counts his multitude of virtues, does not seek anger even by mistake, / carries contentment, and casts faults far away. / Though Kṛṣṇa's thirst roves among young women as he sports without me, / my contrary mind yet longs for him—what can I do? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > For (sang on that high Lady in the shade) > My soul for tenderness, not blame, was made; > Mine eyes look through his evil to his good; > My heart coins pleas for him; my fervent thought > Prevents what he will say when these are naught, > And that which I am shall be understood. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.10.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.10.p1) || prabandhaḥ 6 || > || Song 6 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > (What follows is to the Music MÂLAVAGAUDA and the Mode EKATÂLÎ.) > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.10.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.10.p2) mālava-gauḍa-rāgena ekatālī-tālena ca gīyate | > Sung in the rāga Mālava-gauḍa and the tāla Ekatālī. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.11) nibhṛta-nikuñja-gṛhaṃ gatayā niśi rahasi nilīya vasantam | cakīta-vilokita-sakala-diśā rati-rabhasa-bhareṇa hasantam || > To him who had entered a secluded bower-home and was dwelling hidden in secret at night, / glancing timidly in all directions, laughing in the rush of amorous passion— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Go to him,--win him hither,--whisper low > How he may find me if he searches well; > Say, if he will--joys past his hope to know > Await him here; go now to him, and tell > Where Radha is, and that henceforth she charms > His spirit to her arms. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.11.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.11.p1) sakhi he keśī-mathanam udāram ramaya mayā saha madana-manoratha-bhāvitayā sa-vikāram ||dhruvam || > O friend, make the generous slayer of Keśin delight / passionately with me, who am transformed by the longing of desire! // Refrain > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.12) prathama-samāgama-lajjitayā paṭu-cāṭu-śatair anukūlam | mṛdu-madhura-smita-bhāṣitayā śithilī-kṛta-jaghana-dukūlam || > To him who was soothed with hundreds of clever flatteries when I was shy at our first encounter, / whose loin-cloth loosened as I spoke with a soft, sweet smile— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Yes, go! say, if he will, that he may come-- > May come, my love, my longing, my desire; > May come forgiven, shriven, to me his home, > And make his happy peace; nay, and aspire > To uplift Radha's veil, and learn at length > What love is in its strength. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.13) kīsala-śayana-niveśitayā ciram urasi mamaiva śayānam | kṛta-parirambhaṇa-cumbanayā parirabhya kṛtādhara-pānam || > To him who was placed upon a bed of tender sprouts and lay for a long time on my very breast, / who embraced me and drank my lower lip after I had embraced and kissed him— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Lead him; say softly I shall chide his blindness, > And vex him with my angers; yet add this, > He shall not vainly sue for loving-kindness, > Nor miss to see me close, nor lose the bliss > That lives upon my lip, nor be denied > The rose-throne at my side. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.14) alasa-nimīlita-locanayā pulakāvali-lalita-kapolam | śrama-jala-sakala-kalevarayā vara-madana-madād atilolam || > To him whose cheeks were adorned with bristling hair while my eyes were languidly closed, / who grew utterly restless from the intoxicating frenzy of supreme desire while my whole body was wet with sweat— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Say that I--Radha--in my bower languish > All widowed, till he find the way to me; > Say that mine eyes are dim, my breast all anguish, > Until with gentle murmured shame I see > His steps come near, his anxious pleading face > Bend for my pardoning grace. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.15) kokila-kala-rava-kūjitayā jita-manasija-tantra-vicāram | ślatha-kusumākula-kuntalayā nakha-likhita-ghana-stana-bhāram || > To him who mastered the lore of the mind-born god as I cooed with the soft sweet call of a cuckoo, / who scored my dense, heavy breasts with nails while my hair was disheveled with loosened flowers— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > While I--what, did he deem light loves so tender, > To tarry for them when the vow was made > To yield him up my bosom's maiden splendour, > And fold him in my fragrance, and unbraid > My shining hair for him, and clasp him close > To the gold heart of his Rose? > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.16) caraṇa-raṇita-maṇi-nūpurayā paripūrita-surata-vitānam | mukhara-viśṛṅkhala-mekhalayā sa-kaca-graha-cumbana-dānam || > To him who fully spread the canopy of lovemaking as the jeweled anklets on my feet jingled, / who bestowed kisses while grasping my hair as my jingling girdle came loose— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > And sing him strains which only spirits know, > And make him captive with the silk-soft chain > Of twinned-wings brooding round him, and bestow > Kisses of Paradise, as pure as rain; > My gems, my moonlight-pearls, my girdle-gold, > Cymbaling music bold? > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.17) rati-sukha-samaya-rasālasayā dara-mukulita-nayana-sarojam | niḥsaha-nipatita-tanu-latayā madhusūdanam udita-manojam || > To him whose lotus eyes were half-closed, languid with the flavor of the time of erotic pleasure, / to Madhusūdana, whose desire was awakened as my creeper-like body fell down helplessly— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > While gained for ever, I shall dare to grow > Life to life with him, in the realms divine; > And--Love's large cup at happy overflow, > Yet ever to be filled--his eyes and mine > Will meet in that glad look, when Time's great gate > Closes and shuts out Fate. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.18) śrī-jayadeva-bhaṇitam idam atiśaya-madhu-ripu-nidhuvana-śīlam | sukham utkaṇṭhita-gopa-vadhū-kathitaṃ vitanotu salīlaṃ || > May this utterance of Śrī Jayadeva, portraying the consummate love-play of the enemy of Madhu, / playfully spread joy as told by the longing cowherd maiden. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Listen to the unsaid things > Of the song that Radha sings, > For the soul draws near to bliss, > As it comprehendeth this. > I am Jayadev, who write > All this subtle-rich delight > For your teaching. Ponder, then, > What it tells to Gods and men. > Err not, watching Krishna gay, > With those brown girls all at play; > Understand how Radha charms > Her wandering lover to her arms, > Waiting with divinest love > Till his dream ends in the grove. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.19) hasta-srasta-vilāsa-vaṃśam anṛju-bhrū-vallimad-ballavī-vṛndotsāri-dṛganta-vīkṣitam atisvedārdra-gaṇḍa-sthalam | mām udvīkṣya vilajjitaṃ smṛta-sudhā-mugdhānana-kānane govindaṃ vraja-sundarī-gaṇa-vṛtaṃ paśyāmi hṛṣyāmi ca || > His playful flute slipped from his hand; his sidelong glances were turned aside by the cowherd women with curved eyebrow-creepers; his cheek was moist with excessive sweat. / Seeing me, he was embarrassed, his sweet mouth in the forest charming with memories of nectar: I behold Govinda surrounded by the beauties of Vraja, and I rejoice. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > For even now (she sang) I see him pause, > Heart-stricken with the waste of heart he makes > Amid them;--all the bows of their bent brows > Wound him no more: no more for all their sakes > Plays he one note upon his amorous lute, > But lets the strings lie mute. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.20) durāloka-stoka-stavaka-navakāśoka-latikā-vikāsaḥ kāsāropavana-pavano'pi vyathayati | api bhrāmyad-bhṛṅgī-raṇita-ramaṇīyā na mukula-prasūtiś cūtānāṃ sakhi śikhariṇīyaṃ sukhayati || > Even the wind from the garden pool pains me with the blossoming of fresh aśoka creepers with small, dazzling clusters; / and, O friend, this crowned sprout of mangoes, lovely with the humming of wandering bees, brings no joy. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > "My feet with the dances are weary, > The music has dropped from the song, > There is no more delight in the lute-strings, > Sweet Shadows! what thing has gone wrong? > The wings of the wind have left fanning > The palms of the glade; > They are dead, and the blossoms seem dying > In the place where we played. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.21) sakūta-smitam ākulākula-galad-dhammillam ullāsita-bhrū-vallīkam alīka-darśita-bhujā-mūlārdha-hasta-stanam | gopīnāṃ nibhṛtaṃ nirīkṣya gamitākāṅkṣaś ciraṃ cintayann antar mugdha-manoharaṃ haratu vaḥ kleśaṃ navaḥ keśavaḥ || > Having secretly observed the gopīs with meaningful smiles, their braid-knots utterly loose and falling, their eyebrow-creepers raised, and their armpits and half their breasts deceitfully exposed with hands; and having his desire awakened, long meditating within on what is enchantingly lovely: may the youthful Keśava remove your distress! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > (Here ends that Sarga of the Gîta Govinda entitled KLESHAKESHAVO.) > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.2.21.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.21.p1) iti śrī-gīta-govinda-mahā-kāvye akleśa-keśavo nāma dvitīyaḥ sargaḥ ||2|| > Thus ends the second canto, entitled “Unvexed Keśava,” in the great poem Gītagovinda. > || 2 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.2.21.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2.21.p2) (3) tṛtīyaḥ sargaḥ mugdha-madhusūdanaḥ > (3) > Third Canto > Enamored Madhusūdana > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > SARGA THE THIRD. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ## Translations (2) - [The Indian Song of Songs](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2~en-arnold.2.p1) — Edwin Arnold 1875, English - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2~en-mt.1.2.1) — English, machine translation ## Commentaries (4) - [Rasamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!sankara-misra.5.1) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit - [Rasikapriyā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!kumbhakarna.6.1) — Kumbhakarṇa, Sanskrit - [Śrutirañjanī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!laksmidhara.5.8.5) — Lakṣmīdhara 1567, Sanskrit - [Commentary of Mānāṅka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!mananka.5.2) — Mānāṅka, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (2) - [Kāvyasaṃgraha (Jīvānanda)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.subhasita.subhasita.adhunika.kavyasamgraha-jivananda.90.1) — Sanskrit - [Padāvalī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.maithili.vidyapati.padavali-vidyapati.2.p1) — Vidyāpati, Sanskrit ## Discussed in (2) - [The History of Bengal (Vol. I: Hindu Period; Vol. II: Muslim Period 1200–1757)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.majumdar-sarkar-1943.v1.c16.s10.635) — Majumdar & Sarkar 1943, English - [A History of Sanskrit Literature: Classical Period, Vol. I](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.dasgupta-de-1947.c8.s4.t2.62) — Dasgupta & De 1947, English --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.2) · Pramāṇa