[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Epic, Poetry, Drama & Narrative](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit) › [Poetry (mahākāvya, lyric, messenger poems, stotra, Prakrit kāvya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya) › [Shorter narrative and descriptive poems](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda) › [Musical poems after the Gītagovinda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya) › [Gita Govinda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2) › 1.4 # Gita Govinda 1.4 Gītagovinda 1.4 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [1.4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.1) — 2 parts - [1.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.2) — 1 part - [1.4.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.10) — 2 parts - [1.4.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.11) — 1 part - [1.4.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.23) — 2 parts ### [1.4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.1) yamunā-tīra-vānīra-nikuñje mandaṃ āsthitaṃ | prāha prema-bharodbhrāntaṃ mādhavaṃ rādhikā-sakhī || > To Mādhava, who lingered quietly in a cane arbor on the bank of the Yamunā, bewildered by the weight of love, Rādhā's confidante spoke: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Then she whom Radha sent came to the canes-- > The canes beside the river where he lay > With listless limbs and spirit weak from love;-- > And she sang this to Krishna wistfully: > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.1.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.1.p1) || prabandhaḥ 8 || > || Lyric Composition 8 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > (What follows is to the Music KARNÂTA and the Mode EKATÂLÎ.) > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.1.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.1.p2) karṇāṭa-rāgaika-tālī-tālābhyāṃ gīyate | > Sung in Karṇāṭa melodic mode and Ekatālī rhythmic meter. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.2) nindati candanam indu-kiraṇam anu vindati khedam adhīram | vyāla-nilaya-milanena garalam iva kalayati malaya-samīram || > She reviles sandalwood paste, and upon the moonbeams finds anxious distress; / through contact with the home of serpents, she reckons the breeze from the Malaya mountains to be like poison. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Art thou sick for Radha? she is sad in turn, > Heaven foregoes its blessings, if it holds not thee, > All the cooling fragrance of sandal she doth spurn, > Moonlight makes her mournful with radiance silvery; > Even the southern breeze blown fresh from pearly seas, > Seems to her but tainted by a dolorous brine; > And for thy sake discontented, with a great love overladen, > Her soul comes here beside thee, and sitteth down with thine. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.2.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.2.p1) mādhava manasija-viśikha-bhayād iva bhāvanayā tvayi līnā | sā virahe tava dīnā || dhruva-padam || > O Mādhava, as if from fear of the arrows of mind-born love, she has dissolved in thought of you; / she is wretched in separation from you. || Refrain > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.3) avirala-nipatita-madana-śarād iva bhavad-avanāya vīśālam | sva-hṛdaya-marmaṇi varma karoti sajala-nalinī-dala-jālam || > As if to protect you from the incessantly falling arrows of Madana, / she makes a broad armor upon her heart's vital core with a screen of wet lotus leaves. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Her soul comes here beside thee, and tenderly and true > It weaves a subtle mail of proof to ward off sin and pain; > A breastplate soft as lotus-leaf, with holy tears for dew, > To guard thee from the things that hurt; and then 'tis gone again > To strew a blissful place with the richest buds that grace > Kama's sweet world, a meeting-spot with rose and jasmine fair, > For the hour when, well-contented, with a love no longer troubled, > Thou shalt find the way to Radha, and finish sorrows there. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.4) kusuma-viśikha-śara-talpam analpa-vilāsa-kalā-kamaṇīyam | vratam iva tava parirambha-sukhāya karoti kusuma-śayanīyam || > Her bed of flower-arrows, lovely with the abundant arts of erotic dalliance, / she makes into a flower bed as though practicing an ascetic vow for the bliss of your embrace. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Her soul comes here beside thee, and tenderly and true > It weaves a subtle mail of proof to ward off sin and pain; > A breastplate soft as lotus-leaf, with holy tears for dew, > To guard thee from the things that hurt; and then 'tis gone again > To strew a blissful place with the richest buds that grace > Kama's sweet world, a meeting-spot with rose and jasmine fair, > For the hour when, well-contented, with a love no longer troubled, > Thou shalt find the way to Radha, and finish sorrows there. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.5) vahati ca calita-vilocana-jaladhāram ānana-kamalam udāram | vidhum iva vikaṭa-vidhuntuda-danta-dalana-galitāmṛta-dhāram || > And her noble lotus face bears streams of water from her trembling eyes, / like the moon bearing streams of nectar dripping from the tearing teeth of fierce Rāhu. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > But now her lovely face is shadowed by her fears; > Her glorious eyes are veiled and dim like moonlight in eclipse > By breaking rain-clouds, Krishna! yet she paints you in her tears > With tender thoughts--not Krishna, but brow and breast and lips > And form and mien a King, a great and godlike thing; > And then with bended head she asks grace from the Love Divine, > To keep thee discontented with the phantoms thou forswearest, > Till she may win her glory, and thou be raised to thine. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.6) vilikhati rahasi kuraṅga-madena bhavantam asama-śara-bhūtam | praṇamati makaram adho vinidhāya kare ca śaraṃ nava-cūtam || > In secret, with musk, she paints you in the form of the Bodiless One with his uneven arrows; / placing a sea-monster beneath you and a fresh mango sprout as an arrow in your hand, she bows down. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > But now her lovely face is shadowed by her fears; > Her glorious eyes are veiled and dim like moonlight in eclipse > By breaking rain-clouds, Krishna! yet she paints you in her tears > With tender thoughts--not Krishna, but brow and breast and lips > And form and mien a King, a great and godlike thing; > And then with bended head she asks grace from the Love Divine, > To keep thee discontented with the phantoms thou forswearest, > Till she may win her glory, and thou be raised to thine. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.7) dhyāna-layena puraḥ parikalpya bhavantam atīva durāpam | vilapati hasati viṣīdati roditi cañcati muñcati tāpam || > Having conjured you before her through absorption in meditation, though exceedingly hard to attain, / she laments, she laughs, she desponds, she weeps, she trembles, she casts off torment. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Softly now she sayeth, > "Krishna, Krishna, come!" > Lovingly she prayeth, > "Fair moon, light him home." > Yet if Hari helps not, > Moonlight cannot aid; > Ah! the woeful Radha! > Ah! the forest shade! > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.8) prati-padam idam api nigadati mādhava tava caraṇe patitāham | tvayi vimukhe mayi sapadi sudhā-nidhir api tanute tanu-dāham || > At every step she declares this too: “O Mādhava, I have fallen at your feet; / when you are turned away from me, instantly even the storehouse of nectar creates a burning of my body.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Ah! if Hari guide not, > Moonlight is as gloom; > Ah! if moonlight help not, > How shall Krishna come? > Sad for Krishna grieving > In the darkened grove; > Sad for Radha weaving > Dreams of fruitless love! > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.9) śrī-jayadeva-bhaṇitam idam adhikaṃ yadi manasā naṭaṇīyam | hari-virahākula-ballava-yuvati-sakhī-vacanaṃ paṭhanīyam || > If this utterance of Śrī Jayadeva is to be performed intensely by the mind, / the speech of the cowherd maiden’s confidante, agitated by separation from Hari, should be recited. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Strike soft strings to this soft measure, > If thine ear would catch its treasure; > Slowly dance to this deep song, > Let its meaning float along > With grave paces, since it tells > Of a love that sweetly dwells > In a tender distant glory, > Past all faults of mortal story. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.10) āvāso vipināyate priya-sakhī-mālāpi jālāyate tāpo'pi śvasitena dāva-dahana-jvāla-kalāpāyate | sāpi tvad-viraheṇa hanta hariṇī-rūpāyate hā kathaṃ kandarpo'pi yamāyate viracayan śārdūla-vikrīḍitam || > Her dwelling behaves like a wilderness, even the circle of dear companions behaves like a snare, / and the heat \[of passion\], through her sighing, behaves like the mass of flames of a forest fire; / alas, through separation from you, she too behaves like a doe. Ah, why does even Kandarpa behave like Yama, playing the sport of a tiger? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Strike soft strings to this soft measure, > If thine ear would catch its treasure; > Slowly dance to this deep song, > Let its meaning float along > With grave paces, since it tells > Of a love that sweetly dwells > In a tender distant glory, > Past all faults of mortal story. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.10.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.10.p1) || prabandhaḥ 9 || > || Lyric Composition 9 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Strike soft strings to this soft measure, > If thine ear would catch its treasure; > Slowly dance to this deep song, > Let its meaning float along > With grave paces, since it tells > Of a love that sweetly dwells > In a tender distant glory, > Past all faults of mortal story. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.10.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.10.p2) deśākhya-rāgaika-tālī-tālābhyāṃ gīyate | > Sung in Deśākhya melodic mode and Ekatālī rhythmic meter. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > Strike soft strings to this soft measure, > If thine ear would catch its treasure; > Slowly dance to this deep song, > Let its meaning float along > With grave paces, since it tells > Of a love that sweetly dwells > In a tender distant glory, > Past all faults of mortal story. > — Edwin Arnold 1875, The Indian Song of Songs ### [1.4.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.11) stana-vinihitam api hāram udāram | sa manute kṛśā-tanur iva bhāram || > Even the magnificent necklace placed upon her breasts, / she, with her wasted body, deems to be a burden. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.11.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.11.p1) rādhikā tava virahe keśava || dhruvam || > O Keśava, Rādhikā \[suffers\] in separation from you! || Refrain > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.12) sa-rasa-masṛṇam api malayaja-paṅkam | paśyati viṣam iva vapuṣi sa-śaṅkam || > Even the wet and smooth sandalwood paste upon her body / she regards with apprehension, as though it were poison. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.13) śvasita-pavanam anupama-pariṇāham | madana-dahanam iva vahati sa-dāham || > The breath of her sigh, matchless in extent, / she bears, full of burning, like the fire of Madana. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.14) diśi diśi kirati sajala-kaṇa-jālam | nayana-nalinam iva vigalita-nālam || > In every direction she scatters a shower of tear-drops, / as if casting out eye-lotuses with severed stalks. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.15) tyajati na pāṇi-talena kapolam | bāla-śaśinam iva sāyam alolam || > She does not remove her cheek from the palm of her hand, / like the young crescent moon resting motionless at dusk. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.16) nayana-viṣayam api kiśalaya-talpaṃ | kalayati vihita-hutāśa-vikalpam || > A bed of sprouts, though falling within the range of her eyes, / she considers equivalent to a blazing fire. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.17) harir iti harir iti japati sa-kāmam | viraha-vihita-maraṇeva nikāmaṃ || > “Hari! Hari!” she mutters passionately, / as if utterly brought to death by separation. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.18) śrī-jayadeva-bhaṇitam iti gītam | sukhayatu keśava-padam upanītam || > May this song uttered by Śrī Jayadeva, / offered at the feet of Keśava, bestow delight. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.19) sā romāñcati śītkaroti vilapaty utkampate tāmyati dhyāyaty udbhramati pramīlati pataty udyāti mūrcchaty api | etāvaty atanu-jvare vara-tanur jīven na kiṃ te rasāt svar-vaidya-pratima prasīdasi yadi tyakto'nyathā hastakaḥ || > Her hair bristles, she makes whistling cries of pain, she laments, she trembles violently, she languishes, / she meditates, she wanders in confusion, she closes her eyes, she collapses, she rises up, and she even swoons. / In such intense fever of love, would that slender-bodied woman not live through your passion, / O you who resemble the physician of the gods, if you show grace? Otherwise, her hand has been abandoned \[as dead\]! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.20) smarāturaṃ daivata-vaidya-hṛdya tvad-aṅga-saṅgāmṛta-mātra-sādhyam | nivṛtta-bādhāṃ kuruṣe na rādhām upendra-vajrād api dāruṇo'si || > O you who are dear as the heavenly physician, if you do not free from affliction / Rādhā, sick with love and curable only by the nectar of contact with your limbs, / you are harsher even than the thunderbolt of Indra. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.21) kandarpa-jvara-saṃjvarātura-tanor aścaryam asyāś ciraṃ cetaś candana-candramaḥ-kamalinī-cintāsu santāmyati | kintu klānti-vaśena śītala-tanuṃ tvām ekam eva priyaṃ dhyāyantī rahasi sthitā katham api kṣīṇā kṣaṇaṃ prāṇiti || > It is a wonder that, though her body is tormented by the burning fever of Kandarpa, / her heart languishes constantly in thoughts of sandalwood, the moon, and lotus ponds; / yet, overwhelmed by exhaustion, meditating in secret solely upon you, her cooling-bodied beloved, / the wasted maiden somehow breathes for a moment. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.22) kṣaṇam api virahaḥ purā na sehe nayana-nimīlana-khinnayā yayā te | śvasiti katham asau rasāla-śākhāṃ cira-viraheṇa vilokya puṣpitāgram || > Formerly, distressed even by the closing of her eyes, she could not bear separation from you for even a moment; / how then can she breathe in prolonged separation, beholding the mango branch with flowering tips? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.23) vṛṣṭi-vyākula-gokula-vana-rasād uddhṛtya govardhanaṃ bibhrad ballava-vallabhābhir adhikānandāc ciraṃ cumbitaḥ | darpeṇeva tad-arpitādhara-taṭī-sindūra-mudrāṅkito bāhur gopa-tanos tanotu bhavatāṃ śreyāṃsi kaṃsa-dviṣaḥ || > Lifting Govardhana out of passionate love for the forest of Gokula agitated by torrential rain, / kissed lingeringly out of boundless delight by the lovers of the cowherds, / and marked, as if with pride, by the red vermilion seals of their lower lips impressed upon it, / may the arm of the enemy of Kaṃsa in his cowherd form bestow welfare upon you! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.23.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.23.p1) iti śrī-gīta-govinde snigdha-madhusūdano nāma caturthaḥ sargaḥ ||4|| > Thus ends the fourth sarga, entitled “Affectionate Madhusūdana,” in the glorious Gītagovinda. ||4 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.23.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4.23.p2) (5) pañcamaḥ sargaḥ sākāṅkṣa-puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ > (5) > Fifth Sarga > Longing Lotus-Eyed One > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (2) - [The Indian Song of Songs](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2~en-arnold.4.p1) — Edwin Arnold 1875, English - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2~en-mt.1.4.1) — English, machine translation ## Commentaries (4) - [Commentary of Mānāṅka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!mananka.9.1) — Mānāṅka, Sanskrit - [Rasikapriyā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!kumbhakarna.11.2.1) — Kumbhakarṇa, Sanskrit - [Rasamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!sankara-misra.10.2.1) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit - [Śrutirañjanī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!laksmidhara.8.8.17) — Lakṣmīdhara 1567, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (5) - [Kāvyasaṃgraha (Jīvānanda)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.subhasita.subhasita.adhunika.kavyasamgraha-jivananda.93.1) — Sanskrit - [Subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.subhasita.subhasita.adhunika.subhasitaratnabhandagara.6.19.69) — Kāśīnātha Pāṇḍuraṅga Paraba 1886, Sanskrit - [Śārṅgadharapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.subhasita.subhasita.kosa.sarngadharapaddhati.129.9) — Śārṅgadhara, Sanskrit - [Padāvalī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.maithili.vidyapati.padavali-vidyapati.3.p6) — Vidyāpati, Sanskrit - [Kavicintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.sahitya.samgraha.pracya-maithila.kavicintamani.4.25) — Gopīnātha Kavibhūṣaṇa, Sanskrit ## Discussed in (1) - [The History of Bengal (Vol. I: Hindu Period; Vol. II: Muslim Period 1200–1757)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.majumdar-sarkar-1943.v1.c16.s10.598) — Majumdar & Sarkar 1943, English --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.1.4) · Pramāṇa