[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Epic, Poetry, Drama & Narrative](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit) › [Poetry (mahākāvya, lyric, messenger poems, stotra, Prakrit kāvya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya) › [Shorter narrative and descriptive poems](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda) › [Musical poems after the Gītagovinda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya) › [Gita Govinda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2) › 2.7 # Gita Govinda 2.7 Gītagovinda 2.7 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [2.7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.1) atra antare ca kulaṭā-kula-vartma-pāta- saṃjāta-pātakaḥ iva sphuṭa-lāñchana-śrīḥ / vṛndāvana-antaram adīpayat aṃśu-jālaiḥ diksundarī-vadana-candana-binduḥ induḥ // > And in the meantime, as if stained with sin from descending upon the path of unchaste women, / its radiant spot clearly visible, / the moon, a sandalwood drop on the face of the maiden that is the direction, / illuminated the interior of Vṛndāvana with rays of light. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.2) prasarati śaśa-dhara-bimbe vihita-vilambe ca mādhave vidhurā / viracita-vividha-vilāpam sā paritāpam cakāra uccaiḥ // > As the moon's orb advanced and Mādhava tarried, distraught, / pouring forth diverse laments, she suffered intense torment: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.3) kathita-samaye api hariḥ ahaha na yayau vanam / mama viphalam idam amala-rūpam api yauvanam // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > Even at the appointed time, alas, Hari did not go to the forest! / Fruitless to me is this spotless beauty and my youth. / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.4) yat anugamanāya niśi gahanam api śīlitam / tena mama hṛdayam idam asamaśara-kīlitam // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > He to follow whom I braved even the deep forest at night— / by him my heart has been pierced by the arrows of Smara. / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.5) mama maraṇam eva varam ativitatha-ketanā / kim iha viṣahāmi viraha-analam acetanā // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > Death alone is better for me, whose rendezvous has been utterly frustrated; / why should I, senseless, endure here the fire of separation? / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.6) mām ahaha vidhurayati madhura-madhu-yāminī / kāpi harim anubhavati kṛta-sukṛta-kāminī // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > Alas, this sweet spring night torments me; / some lucky beloved is enjoying Hari! / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.7) ahaha kalayāmi valaya-ādi-maṇi-bhūṣaṇam / hari-viraha-dahana-vahanena bahu-dūṣaṇam // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > Alas, I consider jeweled ornaments such as bracelets / as sources of great affliction, bearing the fire of separation from Hari! / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.8) kusuma-sukumāra-tanum atanu-śara-līlayā / srak api hṛdi hanti mām ativiṣama-śilayā // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > Through the sport of the arrows of the Bodiless One, even a garland on my heart / strikes me, whose body is tender as a flower, like an exceedingly cruel rock! / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.9) aham iha nivasāmi nagaṇita-vana-vetasā / smarati madhusūdanaḥ mām api na cetasā // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > I dwell here, disregarding the forest thickets of reeds, / yet Madhusūdana does not even remember me in his heart! / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.10) hari-caraṇa-śaraṇa-jayadeva-kavi-bhāratī / vasatu hṛdi yuvatiḥ iva komala-kalāvatī // yāmi he kam iha śaraṇam sakhī-jana-vacana-vañcitā // > May the speech of poet Jayadeva, who takes refuge at Hari's feet, / dwell in the heart like a tender, graceful young woman! / To whom can I go here for refuge, deceived by the words of my confidantes? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.11) tat kim kāmapi kāminīm abhisṛtaḥ kim vā kalā-kelibhiḥ baddhaḥ bandhubhiḥ andhakāriṇi vana-upānte kim u bhrāmyati / kāntaḥ klānta-manāḥ manāk api pathi prasthātum eva akṣamaḥ saṃketī-kṛta-mañju-vañjula-latā-kuñje api yat na āgataḥ // > Is it that he has gone to some other passionate woman? Or is he detained / by companions with artistic games? Or does he wander on the edge of the dark forest? / Or is my lover weary in mind, unable to set out on the path even a little, / since he has not come even to the bower of charming cane-creepers made ready as a rendezvous? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.12) atha āgatām mādhavam antareṇa sakhīm iyam vīkṣya viṣāda-mūkām / viśaṅkamānā ramitam kayāpi janārdanam dṛṣṭavat etat āha // > Then, seeing her confidante returned without Mādhava, silent with dejection, / suspecting that Janārdana was dallying with another woman, she spoke this, as if she had seen it: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.13) smara-samara-ucita-viracita-veśā / galita-kusuma-dara-vilulita-keśā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > With attire fashioned fit for the battle of Smara, / her flowers slipped and her hair slightly disheveled, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.14) hari-parirambhaṇa-valita-vikārā / kuca-kalaśa-upari taralita-hārā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > Her passions stirred by the embrace of Hari, / the necklace trembling upon her jar-like breasts, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.15) vicalat-alaka-lalita-ānana-candrā / tat-adhara-pāna-rabhasa-kṛta-tandrā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > Her moon-like face lovely with moving curls of hair, / overcome with languor from the frenzy of drinking his lips, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.16) cañcala-kuṇḍala-dalita-kapolā / mukharita-rasana-jaghana-gati-lolā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > Her cheeks brushed by trembling earrings, / restless in the movements of her hips whose girdle-bells ring out, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.17) dayita-vilokita-lajjita-hasitā / bahu-vidha-kūjita-rati-rasa-rasitā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > Smiling shyly when looked upon by her lover, / tasting the flavor of amorous pleasure with varied cooings, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.18) vipula-pulaka-pṛthu-vepathu-bhaṅgā / śvasita-nimīlita-vikasat-anaṅgā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > Shaken with wide horripilation and violent trembling, / the Bodiless One blossoming as she sighs with half-closed eyes, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.19) śramajala-kaṇa-bhara-subhaga-śarīrā / paripatitā urasi rati-raṇa-dhīrā // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > Her body charming under a multitude of drops of sweat, / fallen upon his chest, brave in the battle of amorous pleasure, / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.20) śrījayadeva-bhaṇita-hari-ramitam / kali-kaluṣam janayatu pariśamitam // kāpi madhuripuṇā vilasati yuvatiḥ adhika-guṇā // > May this dalliance of Hari, recited by Śrī Jayadeva, / bring about the complete quelling of the impurities of the Kali age! / some young woman of superior charms sports with the enemy of Madhu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.21) viraha-pāṇḍu-murāri-mukha-ambuja-dyutiḥ iyam tirayan api cetanām / vidhuḥ atīva tanoti manobhuvaḥ sahṛdaye hṛdaye madana-vyathām // > Veiling the radiance of Murāri's lotus face, pale in separation, and taking away her consciousness, / the moon exceedingly intensifies the pain of Madana in the sensitive heart \[of Rādhā\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.22) samudita-madane ramaṇī-vadane cumbana-valita-adhare / mṛgamada-tilakam likhati sapulakam mṛgam iva rajanī-kare // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > On the face of the lovely woman, in whom desire has arisen, whose lip is turned in a kiss, / with horripilation he paints a musk forehead mark, like the deer in the moon. / Murāri, victorious, now sports in the forest of the Yamunā’s sandy bank. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.23) ghana-caya-rucire racayati cikure taralita-taruṇa-ānane / kurabaka-kusumam capalā-suṣamam rati-pati-mṛga-kānane // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > Upon her hair charming as a mass of clouds, as her tender face trembles, > he arranges a kurabaka flower, brilliant as lightning, in the forest-domain of the deer of love's lord. > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.24) ghaṭayati sughane kuca-yuga-gagane mṛgamada-ruci-rūṣite / maṇi-saram amalam tāraka-paṭalam nakha-pada-śaśi-bhūṣite // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > On her firm sky of twin breasts, anointed with the tint of musk > and adorned with nail-marks like the moon, he fastens a spotless string of gems like a host of stars. > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.25) jita-bisa-śakale mṛdu-bhuja-yugale kara-tala-nalinī-dale / marakata-valayam madhu-kara-nicayam vitarati hima-śītale // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > On her delicate pair of arms surpassing lotus stalks, whose lotus palms are cold as frost, > he places emerald bracelets that resemble swarms of bees. > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.26) rati-gṛha-jaghane vipula-apaghane manasija-kanaka-āsane / maṇi-maya-rasanam toraṇa-hasanam vikirati kṛta-vāsane // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > On her broad hips, the abode of amorous pleasure, the golden throne of mind-born love, > he scatters a jeweled girdle like a mocking archway, once her garments are loosed. > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.27) caraṇa-kisalaye kamalā-nilaye nakha-maṇi-gaṇa-pūjite / bahiḥ-apavaraṇam yāvaka-bharaṇam janayati hṛdi yojite // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > On her sprout-like foot, the dwelling of Lakṣmī, adorned by rows of jewel-like nails, > placed upon his chest, he produces an outer covering laden with red lac-dye. > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.28) ramayati sudṛśam kāmapi subhṛśam khala-haladhara-sodare / kim aphalam avasam ciram iha virasam vada sakhi viṭapa-udare // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > While the brother of Haladhara, so deceitful, greatly delights another lovely-eyed woman, > tell me, confidante, why do I remain in vain and without joy for so long here in the hollow of the thicket? > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.29) iha rasa-bhaṇane kṛta-hari-guṇane madhuripu-pada-sevake / kaliyuga-caritam na vasatu duritam kavi-nṛpa-jayadevake // ramate yamunā-pulina-vane vijayī murāriḥ adhunā // > May no evil deeds of the Kali age dwell in the king among poets, Jayadeva, > who recites this aesthetic flavor, enumerates Hari's virtues, and serves the feet of the foe of Madhu. > Triumphant Murāri now revels in the forest on the banks of the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.30) na āyātaḥ sakhi nirdayaḥ yadi śaṭhaḥ tvam dūti kim dūyase svacchandam bahu-vallabhaḥ saḥ ramate kim tatra te dūṣaṇam / paśya adya priya-saṃgamāya dayitasya ākṛṣyamāṇam guṇaiḥ utkaṇṭha-ārti-bharāt iva sphuṭat idam cetaḥ svayam yāsyāmi // > "If that ruthless, deceitful lover has not come, confidante, why are you distressed, messenger? > He enjoys himself at will, beloved of many; what fault of yours is there in that? > Look, today, drawn by the virtues of my beloved to unite with him, > my heart, as if bursting from the heavy burden of longing's pain, will go of its own accord." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.31) anila-tarala-kuvalaya-nayanena / tapati na sā kisalaya-śayanena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him whose eyes are like blue lotuses trembling in the wind, > she does not burn on a bed of fresh sprouts, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.32) vikasita-sarasija-lalita-mukhena / sphuṭati na sā manasija-viśikhena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him whose lovely face is like a blooming lotus, > she does not burst under the arrows of mind-born love, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.33) amṛta-madhura-mṛdutara-vacanena / jvalati na sā malayaja-pavanena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him whose speech is softer and sweeter than nectar, > she is not scorched by the breeze from the Malaya mountain, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.34) sthala-jala-ruha-rucikara-caraṇena / luṭhati na sā himakara-kiraṇena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him whose feet are charming as land and water lotuses, > she does not toss and turn under the rays of the moon, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.35) sajala-jalada-samudaya-rucireṇa / dalati na sā hṛdi cira-viraheṇa // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him who is radiant as a cluster of rainclouds, > she does not break in heart from long separation, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.36) kanaka-nikaṣa-ruci-śuci-vasanena / śvasiti na sā parijana-hasanena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him whose pure garment shines like gold on a touchstone, > she does not sigh at the laughter of companions, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.37) sakala-bhuvana-jana-vara-taruṇena / vahati na sā rujam atikaruṇena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > With him, the foremost youth among all the people of the world, > she does not bear sorrow in utmost wretchedness, > she who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.38) śrījayadeva-bhaṇita-vacanena / praviśatu hariḥ api hṛdayam anena // sakhi yā ramitā vanamālinā // > Through this song spoken by the illustrious Jayadeva, > may Hari too enter the heart, > he who has made love, confidante, with the wearer of the forest garland. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.39) manobhava-ānandana candana-anila prasīda re dakṣiṇa muñca vāmatām / kṣaṇam jagat-prāṇa vidhāya mādhavam puraḥ mama prāṇa-haraḥ bhaviṣyasi // > "O breeze of sandalwood, delighting mind-born love! > Be gracious, O southern wind, abandon your perversity! > O breath of the world, having brought Mādhava before me for a moment, > you may then take my life!" > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.40) ripuḥ iva sakhī-saṃvāsaḥ ayam śikhī iva hima-anilaḥ viṣam iva sudhā-raśmiḥ yasmin dunoti manaḥ-gate / hṛdayam adaye tasmin evam punaḥ valate balāt kuvalaya-dṛśām vāmaḥ kāmaḥ nikāma-niraṅkuśaḥ // > When he has entered the mind, living with confidantes torments like an enemy, > the cool breeze like fire, the moon's nectar rays like poison; > yet toward him, heartless though he is, the heart turns again by force: > for lotus-eyed women, desire is perverse and utterly unchecked. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.7.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7.41) bādhām vidhehi malaya-anila pañcabāṇa prāṇān gṛhāṇa na gṛham punaḥ āśrayiṣye / kim te kṛta-anta-bhagini kṣamayā taraṅgaiḥ aṅgāni siñca mama śāmyatu deha-dāhaḥ // > "Inflict torment, O Malaya breeze! Five-arrowed God, take my life! > I will not seek refuge at home again! > O sister of Death, why this pity? Sprinkle my limbs with your waves; > let the burning of my body be stilled!" > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2~en-mt.2.7.1) — English, machine translation ## Commentaries (4) - [Rasikapriyā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!kumbhakarna) — Kumbhakarṇa, Sanskrit - [Śrutirañjanī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!laksmidhara) — Lakṣmīdhara, Sanskrit - [Commentary of Mānāṅka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!mananka) — Mānāṅka, Sanskrit - [Rasamañjarī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2!sankara-misra) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.khanda.gitakavya.gitagovinda-2.2.7) · Pramāṇa