Mahabharata 12.64: catuḥ ṣaṣṭhitamo'dhyāyaḥ

12.64.1

bhīṣma uvāca |
cāturāśramyadharmāśca jātidharmāśca pāṇḍava |
lokapālottarāścaiva kṣātre dharme vyavasthitāḥ || 1 ||

"Bhishma said, 'The duties in respect of all the four modes of life, those of yatis, O son of Pandu, and the customs relating to the conduct of men in general, are all included in kingly duties. All these acts, O chief of the Bharatas, occur in Kshatriya duties. If the functions of royalty are disturbed, all creatures are overtaken by evil. The duties of men are not obvious. They have, again, many outlets. Led by many (false) systems, their eternal nature is sometimes offended against. Others who pin their faith to the conclusions arrived at by men, without really knowing anything about the truths of duties (as declared in the scriptures), find themselves at last landed and confounded on faiths whose ultimate ends are unknown. The duties imposed upon Kshatriyas are plain, productive of great happiness, evident in respect of their results, free from deceit, and beneficial to the whole world. As the duties of the three orders, as also of Brahmanas and of those that have retired from the world, O Yudhishthira, have before this been said to be all included within those of that sacred mode of life (called Garhasthya), even so, the whole world, with all good actions, are subject to kingly duties. I have told thee, O monarch, how many brave kings had, in days of old, repaired to that lord of all creatures, viz., the divine and puissant Vishnu of great prowess, for resolving their doubts about the science of chastisement. Those kings, mindful of the declarations of the scriptures enforced by examples, waited in days of old upon Narayana, after having weighed each of their acts against the duties of each of the modes of life. Those deities, viz., the Sadhyas, the Vasus, the Aswins, the Rudras, the Viswas, the Maruts, and the Siddhas, created in days of old by the first of gods, are all observant of Kshatriya duties. I shall now recite to thee a history fraught with the conclusions of both morality and profit. In days of old when the Danavas had multiplied and swept away all barriers and distinctions the powerful Mandhatri, O monarch, became king. That ruler of the earth, viz., king Mandhatri, performed a great sacrifice from desire of beholding the puissant Narayana, that god of gods, without beginning, middle, and end. In that sacrifice he worshipped with humility the great Vishnu. The Supreme Lord, assuming the form of Indra, showed himself unto him. Accompanied by many good kings he offered his adorations to that puissant deity. The high discourse took place between that lion among kings and that illustrious god in the form of Indra, touching Vishnu of great effulgence.'

12.64.2

sarvāṇyetāni dharmāṇi kṣātre bharatasattama |
nirāśiṣo jīvaloke kṣātre dharme vyavasthitāḥ || 2 ||

12.64.3

apratyakṣaṃ bahudvāraṃ dharmamāśramavāsinām |
prarūpayanti tadbhāvamāgamaireva śāśvatam || 3 ||

12.64.4

apare vacanaiḥ puṇyairvādino lokaniścayam |
aniścayajñā dharmāṇāmadṛṣṭānte pare ratāḥ || 4 ||

12.64.5

pratyakṣasukhabhūyiṣṭhamātmasākṣikamacchalam |
sarvalokahitaṃ dharmaṃ kṣatriyeṣu pratiṣṭhitam || 5 ||

12.64.6

dharmāśramavyavasināṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ yudhiṣṭhira |
yathā trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ saṃkhyātopaśrutiḥ purā |
rājadharmeṣvanupamā lokyā sucaritairiha || 6 ||

12.64.7

udāhṛtaṃ te rājendra yathā viṣṇuṃ mahaujasam |
sarvabhūteśvaraṃ devaṃ prabhuṃ nārāyaṇaṃ purā |
jagmuḥ subahavaḥ śūrā rājāno daṇḍanītaye || 7 ||

12.64.8

ekaikamātmanaḥ karma tulayitvāśrame purā |
rājānaḥ paryupātiṣṭhandṛṣṭāntavacane sthitāḥ || 8 ||

12.64.9

sādhyā devā vasavaścāśvinau ca rudrāśca viśve marutāṃ gaṇāśca |
sṛṣṭāḥ purā ādidevena devā kṣātre dharme vartayante ca siddhāḥ || 9 ||

12.64.10

atra te vartayiṣyāmi dharmamarthaviniścayam |
nirmaryāde vartamāne dānavaikāyane kṛte |
babhūva rājā rājendra māndhātā nāma vīryavān || 10 ||

12.64.11

purā vasumatīpālo yajñaṃ cakre didṛkṣayā |
anādimadhyanidhanaṃ devaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ prati || 11 ||

12.64.12

sa rājā rājaśārdūla māndhātā parameṣṭhinaḥ |
jagrāha śirasā pādau yajñe viṣṇormahātmanaḥ || 12 ||

12.64.13

darśayāmāsa taṃ viṣṇū rūpamāsthāya vāsavam |
sa pārthivairvṛtaḥ sadbhirarcayāmāsa taṃ prabhum || 13 ||

12.64.14

tasya pārthivasaṃghasya tasya caiva mahātmanaḥ |
saṃvādo'yaṃ mahānāsīdviṣṇuṃ prati mahādyute || 14 ||

12.64.15

indra uvāca |
kimiṣyate dharmabhṛtāṃ variṣṭha yaddraṣṭukāmo'si tamaprameyam |
anantamāyāmitasattvavīryaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ hyādidevaṃ purāṇam || 15 ||

"Indra said, 'What is your object, O foremost of virtuous persons, in thus seeking to behold that Ancient and First of gods, viz., Narayana, of inconceivable energy, and infinite illusions? Neither myself, nor Brahman himself, can obtain a sight of that god of universal form. I shall grant thee what other objects may be in thy heart, for thou art the foremost of mortals. Thy soul abides in peace; thou art devoted to righteousness; thou hast thy senses under control; and thou art possessed of heroism. Thou seekest unflinchingly to do what is agreeable to the gods. For the sake also of thy intelligence, devotion, and high faith, I shall grant thee whatsoever boons may be desired by thee.'

12.64.16

nāsau devo viśvarūpo mayāpi śakyo draṣṭuṃ brahmaṇā vāpi sākṣāt |
ye'nye kāmāstava rājanhṛdisthā dāsyāmi tāṃstvaṃ hi martyeṣu rājā || 16 ||

12.64.17

satye sthito dharmaparo jitendriyaḥ śūro dṛḍhaṃ prītirataḥ surāṇām |
buddhyā bhaktyā cottamaśraddhayā ca tataste'haṃ dadmi varaṃ yatheṣṭam || 17 ||

12.64.18

māndhātovāca |
asaṃśayaṃ bhagavannādidevaṃ drakṣyāmyahaṃ śirasāhaṃ prasādya |
tyaktvā bhogāndharmakāmo hyaraṇyamicche gantuṃ satpathaṃ lokajuṣṭam || 18 ||

"Mandhatri said, I bend my head for gratifying thee. Without doubt, however, I desire to see the first of gods. O divine Lord! Casting off all (earthly) desires, I wish to earn religious merit, and to lead the foremost mode of life, that path of the good, highly regarded by all. By exercising the high duties of a Kshatriya, I have earned many regions of inexhaustible merit in the other world, and I have also, through those duties, spread my fame. I do not, however, know how to discharge those duties, the foremost in the world, that have flowed from the first of gods.'

12.64.19

kṣātrāddharmādvipulādaprameyāllokāḥ prāptāḥ sthāpitaṃ svaṃ yaśaśca |
dharmo yo'sāvādidevātpravṛtto lokajyeṣṭhastaṃ na jānāmi kartum || 19 ||

12.64.20

indra uvāca |
asainiko'dharmaparaścarethāḥ parāṃ gatiṃ lapsyase cāpramattaḥ |
kṣātro dharmo hyādidevātpravṛttaḥ paścādanye śeṣabhūtāśca dharmāḥ || 20 ||

"Indra said, 'They that are not kings, however observant they may be of their duties, cannot easily attain the highest rewards of duty. Kingly duties first flowed from the original god. Other duties flowed afterwards from his body. Infinite were the other duties, with those of the Vanaprastha mode of life, that were created afterwards. The fruits of all those are exhaustible. Kingly duties, however, are distinguished above them. In them are included all other duties. For this reason Kshatriya duties are said to be the foremost of all. In days of old, Vishnu, by acting according to Kshatriya duties, forcibly suppressed and destroyed his foes and thereby afforded relief to the gods and the Rishis of immeasurable energy. If the divine Vishnu of inconceivable energy had not slain all his foes among the Asuras, then the Brahmanas, and (Brahman) the Creator of the worlds and Kshatriya duties, and the duties that first flowed from the Supreme deity, would all have been destroyed. If that first and foremost of gods had not, by putting forth his prowess, subjugated the earth with all her Asuras, then all the duties, of the four orders and all the duties in respect of the four modes of life would all have been destroyed in consequence of the destruction of Brahmanas. The eternal duties (of men) had all suffered destruction. It was by the exercise of Kshatriya duties that they were revived. In every Yuga, the duties of Brahmanas in respect of attaining to Brahma first set in. These, however, are all protected by kingly duties. The latter, on this account, are regarded as the foremost. Casting away life in battle, compassion for all creatures, knowledge of the affairs of the world, protection of men, rescuing them from danger, relieving the distressed and the oppressed, all these occur among Kshatriya duties practised by Kings. Persons that do not regard wholesome restraints and that are governed by lust and wrath, do not commit overt acts of sin from fear of kings. Others that are docile and of righteous behaviour succeed, in consequence of the same influence, in performing all their duties. For this reason Kshatriya duties are regarded to be righteous. Without doubt, all creatures live happily in the world, protected by kings exercising Kshatriya duties like children protected by their parents. Kshatriya duties are the foremost of all duties. Those eternal duties, regarded as the first in the world, embrace the protection of every creature. Themselves eternal, they lead to eternal emancipation.'"

12.64.21

śeṣāḥ sṛṣṭā hyantavanto hyanantāḥ suprasthānāḥ kṣatradharmāviśiṣṭāḥ |
asmindharme sarvadharmāḥ praviṣṭāstasmāddharmaṃ śreṣṭhamimaṃ vadanti || 21 ||

12.64.22

karmaṇā vai purā devā ṛṣayaścāmitaujasaḥ |
trātāḥ sarve pramathyārīnkṣatradharmeṇa viṣṇunā || 22 ||

12.64.23

yadi hyasau bhagavānnāhaniṣyadripūnsarvānvasumānaprameyaḥ |
na brāhmaṇā na ca lokādikartā na saddharmā nādidharmā bhaveyuḥ || 23 ||

12.64.24

imāmurvīṃ na jayedvikrameṇa devaśreṣṭho'sau purā cedameyaḥ |
cāturvarṇyaṃ cāturāśramyadharmāḥ sarve na syurbrahmaṇo vai vināśāt || 24 ||

12.64.25

dṛṣṭā dharmāḥ śatadhā śāśvatena kṣātreṇa dharmeṇa punaḥ pravṛttāḥ |
yuge yuge hyādidharmāḥ pravṛttā lokajyeṣṭhaṃ kṣatradharmaṃ vadanti || 25 ||

12.64.26

ātmatyāgaḥ sarvabhūtānukampā lokajñānaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ pālanaṃ ca |
viṣaṇṇānāṃ mokṣaṇaṃ pīḍitānāṃ kṣātre dharme vidyate pārthivānām || 26 ||

12.64.27

nirmaryādāḥ kāmamanyupravṛttā bhītā rājño nādhigacchanti pāpam |
śiṣṭāścānye sarvadharmopapannāḥ sādhvācārāḥ sādhu dharmaṃ caranti || 27 ||

12.64.28

putravatparipālyāni liṅgadharmeṇa pārthivaiḥ |
loke bhūtāni sarvāṇi vicaranti na saṃśayaḥ || 28 ||

12.64.29

sarvadharmaparaṃ kṣatraṃ lokajyeṣṭhaṃ sanātanam |
śaśvadakṣaraparyantamakṣaraṃ sarvatomukham || 29 ||