[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Epic, Poetry, Drama & Narrative](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit) › [The Mahābhārata and its versions](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata) › [The Great Epic of the Bhārata dynasty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa) › 13.12 # The Great Epic of the Bhārata dynasty 13.12: dvādaśo'dhyāyaḥ Mahābhārata 13.12 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### dvādaśo'dhyāyaḥ ### [13.12.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.1) yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | strīpuṃsayoḥ saṃprayoge sparśaḥ kasyādhiko bhavet | etanme saṃśayaṃ rājanyathāvadvaktumarhasi || 1 || > "Yudhishthira said, 'It behoveth, O king to tell me truly which of the two viz., man or woman derives the greater pleasure from an act of union with each other. Kindly resolve my doubt in this respect." > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.2) bhīṣma uvāca | atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam | bhaṅgāśvanena śakrasya yathā vairamabhūtpurā || 2 || > "Bhishma said, 'In this connection is cited this old narrative of the discourse between Bhangaswana and Sakra as a precedent illustrating the question. In days of yore there lived a king of the name of Bhangaswana. He was exceedingly righteous and was known as a royal sage. He was, however, childless, O chief of man, and therefore performed a sacrifice from desire of obtaining an issue. The sacrifice which that mighty monarch performed was the Agnishtuta. In consequence of the fact that the deity of fire is alone adored in that sacrifice, this is always disliked by Indra. Yet it is the sacrifice that is desired by men when for the purpose of obtaining an issue they seek to cleanse themselves of their sins. The highly blessed chief of the celestials, viz. Indra, learning that the monarch was desirous of performing the Agnishtuta, began from that moment to look for the laches of that royal sage of well-restrained soul (for if he could succeed in finding some laches, he could then punish his disregarder). Notwithstanding all his vigilance, however, O king, Indra failed to detect any laches, on the part of the high-souled monarch. Some time after, one day, the king went on a hunting expedition. Saying unto himself--This, indeed, is an opportunity,--Indra stupefied the monarch. The king proceeded alone on his horse, confounded because of the chief of the celestials having stupefied his senses. > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.3) purā bhaṅgāśvano nāma rājarṣiratidhārmikaḥ | aputraḥ sa naravyāghra putrārthaṃ yajñamāharat || 3 || ### [13.12.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.4) agniṣṭuṃ nāma rājarṣirindradviṣṭaṃ mahābalaḥ | prāyaścitteṣu martyānāṃ putrakāmasya ceṣyate || 4 || ### [13.12.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.5) indro jñātvā tu taṃ yajñaṃ mahābhāgaḥ sureśvaraḥ | antaraṃ tasya rājarṣeranvicchanniyatātmanaḥ || 5 || ### [13.12.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.6) kasyacittvatha kālasya mṛgayāmaṭato nṛpa | idamantaramityeva śakro nṛpamamohayat || 6 || ### [13.12.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.7) ekāśvena ca rājarṣirbhrānta indreṇa mohitaḥ | na diśo'vindata nṛpaḥ kṣutpipāsārditastadā || 7 || > Afflicted with hunger and thirst, the king's confusion was so great that he could not ascertain the points of the compass. Indeed, afflicted with thirst, he began to wander hither and thither. He then beheld a lake that was exceedingly beautiful and was full of transparent water. Alighting from his steed, and plunging into the lake, he caused his animal to drink. Tying his horse then, whose thirst had been slaked, to a tree, the king plunged into the lake again for performing his ablutions. To his amazement he found that he was changed, by virtue of the waters, into a woman. Beholding himself thus transformed in respect of sex itself, the king became overpowered with shame. With his senses and mind completely agitated, he began to reflect with his whole heart in this strain:--Alas, how shall I ride my steed? How shall I return to my capital? In consequence of the Agnishtuta sacrifice I have got a hundred sons all endued with great might, and all children of my own loins. Alas, thus transformed, what shall I say unto them? What shall I say unto my spouses, my relatives and well-wishers, and my subjects of the city and the provinces? Rishis conversant with the truths of duty and religion and other matters say that mildness and softness and liability to extreme agitation are the attributes of women, and that activity, hardness, and energy are the attributes of men. Alas, my manliness has disappeared. For what reason has femininity come over me? > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.8) itaścetaśca vai dhāvañśramatṛṣṇārdito nṛpaḥ | saro'paśyatsuruciraṃ pūrṇaṃ paramavāriṇā | so'vagāhya sarastāta pāyayāmāsa vājinam || 8 || ### [13.12.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.9) atha pītodakaṃ so'śvaṃ vṛkṣe baddhvā nṛpottamaḥ | avagāhya tataḥ snāto rājā strītvamavāpa ha || 9 || ### [13.12.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.10) ātmānaṃ strīkṛtaṃ dṛṣṭvā vrīḍito nṛpasattamaḥ | cintānugatasarvātmā vyākulendriyacetanaḥ || 10 || ### [13.12.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.11) ārohiṣye kathaṃ tvaśvaṃ kathaṃ yāsyāmi vai puram | agniṣṭuṃ nāma iṣṭaṃ me putrāṇāṃ śatamaurasam || 11 || ### [13.12.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.12) jātaṃ mahābalānāṃ vai tānpravakṣyāmi kiṃ tvaham | dāreṣu cāsmadīyeṣu paurajānapadeṣu ca || 12 || ### [13.12.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.13) mṛdutvaṃ ca tanutvaṃ ca viklavatvaṃ tathaiva ca | strīguṇā ṛṣibhiḥ proktā dharmatattvārthadarśibhiḥ | vyāyāmaḥ karkaśatvaṃ ca vīryaṃ ca puruṣe guṇāḥ || 13 || ### [13.12.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.14) pauruṣaṃ vipranaṣṭaṃ me strītvaṃ kenāpi me'bhavat | strībhāvātkathamaśvaṃ tu punarāroḍhumutsahe || 14 || > In consequence of this transformation of sex, how shall I succeed in mounting my horse again?--Having indulged in these sad thoughts, the monarch, with great exertion, mounted his steed and came back to his capital, transformed though he had been into a woman. His sons and spouses and servants, and his subjects of the city and the provinces, beholding that extraordinary transformation, became exceedingly amazed. Then that royal sage, that foremost of eloquent men, addressing them all, said,--I had gone out on a hunting expedition, accompanied by a large force. Losing all knowledge of the points of the compass, I entered a thick and terrible forest, impelled by the fates. In that terrible forest, I became afflicted with thirst and lost my senses. I then beheld a beautiful lake abounding with fowl of every description. Plunging into that stream for performing my ablutions, I was transformed into a woman!--Summoning then his spouses and counsellors, and all his sons by their names, that best of monarchs transformed into a woman said unto them these words:--Do ye enjoy this kingdom in happiness. As regards myself, I shall repair to the woods, ye sons.--Having said so unto his children, the monarch proceeded to the forest. Arrived there, she came upon an asylum inhabited by an ascetic. By that ascetic the transformed monarch gave birth to a century of sons. > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.15) mahatā tvatha khedena āruhyāśvaṃ narādhipaḥ | punarāyātpuraṃ tāta strībhūto nṛpasattama || 15 || ### [13.12.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.16) putrā dārāśca bhṛtyāśca paurajānapadāśca te | kiṃ nvidaṃ tviti vijñāya vismayaṃ paramaṃ gatāḥ || 16 || ### [13.12.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.17) athovāca sa rājarṣiḥ strībhūto vadatāṃ varaḥ | mṛgayāmasmi niryāto balaiḥ parivṛto dṛḍham | udbhrāntaḥ prāviśaṃ ghorāmaṭavīṃ daivamohitaḥ || 17 || ### [13.12.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.18) aṭavyāṃ ca sughorāyāṃ tṛṣṇārto naṣṭacetanaḥ | saraḥ suruciraprakhyamapaśyaṃ pakṣibhirvṛtam || 18 || ### [13.12.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.19) tatrāvagāḍhaḥ strībhūto vyaktaṃ daivānna saṃśayaḥ | atṛpta iva putrāṇāṃ dārāṇāṃ ca dhanasya ca || 19 || ### [13.12.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.20) uvāca putrāṃśca tataḥ strībhūtaḥ pārthivottamaḥ | saṃprītyā bhujyatāṃ rājyaṃ vanaṃ yāsyāmi putrakāḥ | abhiṣicya sa putrāṇāṃ śataṃ rājā vanaṃ gataḥ || 20 || ### [13.12.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.21) tāmāśrame striyaṃ tāta tāpaso'bhyavapadyata | tāpasenāsya putrāṇāmāśrame'pyabhavacchatam || 21 || ### [13.12.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.22) atha sā tānsutāngṛhya pūrvaputrānabhāṣata | puruṣatve sutā yūyaṃ strītve ceme śataṃ sutāḥ || 22 || > Taking all those children of hers, she repaired to where her former children were, and addressing the latter, said,--Ye are the children of my loins while I was a man. These are my children brought forth by me in this state of transformation. Ye sons, do ye all enjoy my kingdom together, like brothers born of the same parents.--At this command of their parent, all the brothers, uniting together, began to enjoy the kingdom as their joint property. Beholding those children of the king all jointly enjoying the kingdom as brothers born of the same parents, the chief of the celestials, filled with wrath, began to reflect--By transforming this royal sage into a woman I have, it seems, done him good instead of an injury. Saying this, the chief of the celestials viz., Indra of a hundred sacrifices, assuming the form of a Brahmana, repaired to the capital of the king and meeting all the children succeeded in disuniting the princes. He said unto them--Brothers never remain at peace even when they happen to be the children of the same father. The sons of the sage Kasyapa, viz., the deities and the Asuras, quarrelled with each other on account of the sovereignty of the three worlds. As regards ye princes, ye are the children of the royal sage Bhangaswana. These others are the children of an ascetic. The deities and the Asuras are children of even one common sire, and yet the latter quarrelled with each other. How much more, therefore, should you quarrel with each other? > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.23) ekatra bhujyatāṃ rājyaṃ bhrātṛbhāvena putrakāḥ | sahitā bhrātaraste'tha rājyaṃ bubhujire tadā || 23 || ### [13.12.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.24) tāndṛṣṭvā bhrātṛbhāvena bhuñjānānrājyamuttamam | cintayāmāsa devendro manyunābhipariplutaḥ | upakāro'sya rājarṣeḥ kṛto nāpakṛtaṃ mayā || 24 || ### [13.12.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.25) tato brāhmaṇarūpeṇa devarājaḥ śatakratuḥ | bhedayāmāsa tāngatvā nagaraṃ vai nṛpātmajān || 25 || ### [13.12.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.26) bhrātṝṇāṃ nāsti saubhrātraṃ ye'pyekasya pituḥ sutāḥ | rājyahetorvivaditāḥ kaśyapasya surāsurāḥ || 26 || ### [13.12.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.27) yūyaṃ bhaṅgāśvanāpatyāstāpasasyetare sutāḥ | kaśyapasya surāścaiva asurāśca sutāstathā | yuṣmākaṃ paitṛkaṃ rājyaṃ bhujyate tāpasātmajaiḥ || 27 || > This kingdom that is your paternal property is being enjoyed by these children of an ascetic. With these words, Indra succeeded in causing a breach between them, so that they were very soon engaged in battle and slew each other. Hearing this, king Bhangaswana, who was living as an ascetic woman, burnt with grief and poured forth her lamentations. The lord of the celestials viz. Indra, assuming the guise of a Brahmana, came to that spot where the ascetic lady was living and meeting her, said,--O thou that art possessed of a beautiful face, with what grief dost thou burn so that thou art pouring forth thy lamentations?--Beholding the Brahmana the lady told him in a piteous voice,--Two hundred sons of mine O regenerate one, have been slain by Time. I was formerly a king, O learned Brahmana and in that state had a hundred sons. These were begotten by me after my own form, O best of regenerate persons. On one occasion I went on a hunting expedition. Stupefied, I wandered amidst a thick forest. Beholding at last a lake, I plunged into it. Rising, O foremost of Brahmanas, I found that I had become a woman. Returning to my capital I installed my sons in the sovereignty of my dominions and then departed for the forest. Transformed into a woman, I bore a hundred sons to my husband who is a high souled ascetic. All of them were born in the ascetic's retreat. I took them to the capital. My children, through the influence of Time, quarrelled with each other, O twice-born one. > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.28) indreṇa bheditāste tu yuddhe'nyonyamapātayan | tacchrutvā tāpasī cāpi saṃtaptā praruroda ha || 28 || ### [13.12.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.29) brāhmaṇacchadmanābhyetya tāmindro'thānvapṛcchata | kena duḥkhena saṃtaptā rodiṣi tvaṃ varānane || 29 || ### [13.12.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.30) brāhmaṇaṃ tu tato dṛṣṭvā sā strī karuṇamabravīt | putrāṇāṃ dve śate brahmankālena vinipātite || 30 || ### [13.12.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.31) ahaṃ rājābhavaṃ vipra tatra putraśataṃ mayā | samutpannaṃ surūpāṇāṃ vikrāntānāṃ dvijottama || 31 || ### [13.12.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.32) kadācinmṛgayāṃ yāta udbhrānto gahane vane | avagāḍhaśca sarasi strībhūto brāhmaṇottama | putrānrājye pratiṣṭhāpya vanamasmi tato gataḥ || 32 || ### [13.12.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.33) striyāśca me putraśataṃ tāpasena mahātmanā | āśrame janitaṃ brahmannītāste nagaraṃ mayā || 33 || ### [13.12.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.34) teṣāṃ ca vairamutpannaṃ kālayogena vai dvija | etacchocāmi viprendra daivenābhipariplutā || 34 || > Thus afflicted by Destiny, I am indulging in grief. Indra addressed him in these harsh words.--In former days, O lady, thou gayest me great pain, for thou didst perform a sacrifice that is disliked by Indra. Indeed, though I was present, thou didst not invoke me with honours. I am that Indra, O thou of wicked understanding. It is I with whom thou hast purposely sought hostilities. Beholding Indra, the royal sage fell at his feet, touching them with his head, and said,--Be gratified with me, O foremost of deities. The sacrifice of which thou speakest was performed from desire of offspring \[paragraph continues\] (and not from any wish to hurt thee). It behoveth thee therefore, to grant me thy pardon.--Indra, seeing the transformed monarch prostrate himself thus unto him, became gratified with him and desired to give him a boon. Which of your sons, O king, dost thou wish, should revive, those that were brought forth by thee transformed into a woman, or those that were begotten by thee in thy condition as a person of the male sex? The ascetic lady, joining her hands, answered Indra, saying, O Vasava, let those sons of mine come to life that were borne by me as a woman. Filled with wonder at this reply, Indra once more asked the lady, Why dost thou entertain less affection for those children of thine that were begotten by thee in thy form of a person of the male sex? Why is it that thou bearest greater affection for those children that were borne by thee in thy transformed state? > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.35) indrastāṃ duḥkhitāṃ dṛṣṭvā abravītparuṣaṃ vacaḥ | purā suduḥsahaṃ bhadre mama duḥkhaṃ tvayā kṛtam || 35 || ### [13.12.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.36) indradviṣṭena yajatā māmanādṛtya durmate | indro'hamasmi durbuddhe vairaṃ te yātitaṃ mayā || 36 || ### [13.12.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.37) indraṃ tu dṛṣṭvā rājarṣiḥ pādayoḥ śirasā gataḥ | prasīda tridaśaśreṣṭha putrakāmena sa kratuḥ | iṣṭastridaśaśārdūla tatra me kṣantumarhasi || 37 || ### [13.12.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.38) praṇipātena tasyendraḥ parituṣṭo varaṃ dadau | putrā vai katame rājañjīvantu tava śaṃsa me | strībhūtasya hi ye jātāḥ puruṣasyātha ye'bhavan || 38 || ### [13.12.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.39) tāpasī tu tataḥ śakramuvāca prayatāñjaliḥ | strībhūtasya hi ye jātāste me jīvantu vāsava || 39 || ### [13.12.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.40) indrastu vismito hṛṣṭaḥ striyaṃ papraccha tāṃ punaḥ | puruṣotpāditā ye te kathaṃ dveṣyāḥ sutāstava || 40 || ### [13.12.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.41) strībhūtasya hi ye jātāḥ snehastebhyo'dhikaḥ katham | kāraṇaṃ śrotumicchāmi tanme vaktumihārhasi || 41 || > I wish to hear the reason of this difference in respect of thy affection. It behoveth thee to tell me everything.' > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.42) stryuvāca | striyāstvabhyadhikaḥ sneho na tathā puruṣasya vai | tasmātte śakra jīvantu ye jātāḥ strīkṛtasya vai || 42 || > "The lady said, 'The affection that is entertained by a woman is much greater than that which is entertained by a man. Hence, it is, O Sakra, that I wish those children to come back to life that were borne by me as a woman.' > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.43) bhīṣma uvāca | evamukte tatastvindraḥ prīto vākyamuvāca ha | sarva eveha jīvantu putrāste satyavādini || 43 || > "Bhishma continued, 'Thus addressed, Indra became highly pleased and said unto her, O lady that art so truthful, let all thy children come back into life. Do thou take another boon, O foremost of kings, in fact, whatever boon thou likest. O thou of excellent vows, do thou take from me whatever status thou choosest, that of woman or of man.' > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.44) varaṃ ca vṛṇu rājendra yaṃ tvamicchasi suvrata | puruṣatvamatha strītvaṃ matto yadabhikāṅkṣasi || 44 || ### [13.12.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.45) stryuvāca | strītvameva vṛṇe śakra prasanne tvayi vāsava || 45 || > "The lady said, 'I desire to remain a woman, O Sakra. In fact,--do not wish to be restored to the status of manhood, O Vasava.--Hearing this answer, Indra once more asked her, saying,--Why is it, O puissant one, that abandoning the status of manhood thou wishest that of womanhood? Questioned thus, that foremost of monarchs transformed into a woman answered, 'In acts of congress, the pleasure that women enjoy is always much greater than what is enjoyed by men. It is for this reason, O Sakra, that I desire to continue a woman; O foremost of the deities, truly do I say unto thee that I derive greater pleasure in my present status of womanhood. I am quite content with this status of womanhood that I now have. Do thou leave me now, O lord of heaven.--Hearing these words of hers, the lord of the celestials answered,--So be it,--and bidding her farewell, proceeded to heaven. Thus, O monarch, it is known that woman derives much greater pleasure than man under the circumstances thou hast asked.'" > — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa ### [13.12.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.46) evamuktastu devendrastāṃ striyaṃ pratyuvāca ha | puruṣatvaṃ kathaṃ tyaktvā strītvaṃ rocayase vibho || 46 || ### [13.12.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.47) evamuktaḥ pratyuvāca strībhūto rājasattamaḥ | striyāḥ puruṣasaṃyoge prītirabhyadhikā sadā | etasmātkāraṇācchakra strītvameva vṛṇomyaham || 47 || ### [13.12.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.48) rame caivādhikaṃ strītve satyaṃ vai devasattama | strībhāvena hi tuṣṭo'smi gamyatāṃ tridaśādhipa || 48 || ### [13.12.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12.49) evamastviti coktvā tāmāpṛcchya tridivaṃ gataḥ | evaṃ striyā mahārāja adhikā prītirucyate || 49 || ## Translations (1) - [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa~en-ganguli.13.12.1) — Kisari Mohan Ganguli 1883, English ## Commentaries (1) - [Bhāratabhāvadīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa!nilakantha.13.12.1) — Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara 1650, Sanskrit ## Other recensions (1) - [Vulgate (Nīlakaṇṭha's text)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa*vulgate.13.12.1) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.13.12) · Pramāṇa