The Compendium of Kāśyapa 1.25: pañcaviṃśatitamo'dhyāyaḥ

Now, therefore, we shall explain the chapter on pains.

Thus spoke the venerable Kaśyapa.

While Kaśyapa was being attended by sages, Vṛddhajīvaka, / prompted by Dāruvāha, questioned him regarding pains:

"How should a physician know, by means of characteristic signs, / the various bodily pains that arise in speechless infants?"

Being questioned thus, the illustrious Kaśyapa, protector of the world's welfare,
explained to him the pains arising in the body of an infant according to their causes:

"He shakes his head violently, closes both eyes, / moans, is restless, and does not sleep when there is headache.

He touches his ears with both hands, rolls his head excessively; / one should recognize ear pain by restlessness, anorexia, and sleeplessness.

Excessive flow of saliva, aversion to the breast, restlessness, pain, / vomiting milk that was drunk, and breathing through the nose [occur] in disease of the mouth.

He vomits the ingested breast milk, has retention and discharge of kapha, / slight fever, anorexia, and languor when afflicted by throat pain.

Flow of saliva, anorexia, languor, swelling in the cheek, pain, / and keeping the mouth open: one should recognize these as an epiglottic swelling (adhijihvikā).

Fever, anorexia, oral discharge, and groaning occur in throat constriction (galagraha); / in throat-itch (kaṇḍūka), there is swelling in the throat, fever, anorexia, and headache.

He repeatedly bends his limbs, yawns, and coughs frequently; / he clings to the wet-nurse without cause and takes no great joy in the breast.

Heat and discolouration of urine, extreme burning of the forehead, / anorexia, and coldness of the feet are the premonitory pains in fever.

Discolouration of the body, restlessness, languor of the face, sleeplessness, / and cessation of the activity of vāta: these are the premonitory symptoms of diarrhoea.

He pushes away the breast, screams, arches back when supine, / has stiffness of the abdomen, coldness, and facial sweating when suffering from colic.

One who continuously has causeless eructations, / overcome by sleep and yawning, develops vomiting.

He groans deeply from his chest; dyspnoea develops in him. / Sudden eructation of vāta arises as hiccup in an emaciated child.

He drinks breast milk excessively, yet is never satisfied and cries; / with dry lips and palate, desiring water, he is weak, afflicted by thirst.

With wide and stiffened eyes, joint-splitting pain, restlessness, and fatigue, / his urine, flatus, and faeces obstructed, the child suffers the pain of abdominal distension.

Sudden loud laughing leads to epilepsy; / and one should recognize insanity by delirium, restlessness, and distraction of mind.

Horripilation, trembling of limbs, and pain during urination; / in strangury he bites his lips and touches the bladder region with his hand.

Heaviness, stiffness, stupor, sudden voiding of urine, / and in urinary disease the urine attracts flies, being white and thick.

Constipated and cooked stools, or mixed with blood in an emaciated child, / tenesmus at the anus, itching, and piercing pain should be recognized in haemorrhoids.

Excessive urination with gravel, and pain during urination; / he cries constantly and is emaciated: one should declare that to be the disease of urinary calculus.

Eruption of red circular patches, thirst, burning sensation, fever, restlessness, / and relief from sweet and cold things are the premonitory symptoms of erysipelas.

The limbs burn, feel pricked with needles, ache as if broken, and he groans exceedingly; / in cholera of infants, colic in the heart increases.

He who cannot hold up his head, suffers splitting pains, yawns repeatedly, / does not drink much breast milk, and vomits clotted curd;

By dejection, flatulence, and anorexia, one should recognize alasaka in an infant. / In cholera and alasaka, the signs and remedies are difficult to distinguish.

Agitation of vision, piercing pain, swelling, aching, tears, and redness, / and the eyes become smeared while asleep in eye disease.

He rubs his limbs in bed, cries, and desires massage: / one should know him to be afflicted by dry itch, and from that wet itch develops.

He feels comfort while being rubbed, and while being rubbed it swells; / when swollen, it oozes copiously; in wet itch there is colic and burning.

Numbness, anorexia, sleepiness, paleness of the body, restlessness, / and he constantly hates play, food, bed, and his wet-nurse.

Unbathed, he looks bathed; bathed, he looks unbathed: / these signs of impending āma the physician should know.

Swelling all around the navel, whiteness of eyes, nails, and mouth, / decline of digestive fire in pallor, and swelling of the eye-sockets.

Yellow in eyes, nails, mouth, faeces, and urine, afflicted by jaundice, / lacking zeal in both respects, his digestive fire lost, he craves blood.

Fainting, sleeplessness, vomiting, aversion to the wet-nurse, restlessness, giddiness, / terrors, agitation, and thirst: by these one should know intoxication in a child.

He who repeatedly exhales through his mouth after drinking breast milk repeatedly, / and whose nostrils discharge and forehead burns intensely;

Constantly touches his microchannels, sneezes, and coughs in catarrh; / and similarly in chest injury, he groans excessively from his chest.

When a child who usually keeps healthy habits does not sleep at night, / and his body is covered with red specks, one should know him to be afflicted by parasites.

When a delicate wet-nurse, happy and enjoying every comfort, / frequently sees bad dreams, and her milk flows spontaneously;

And she forgets the child, and he suddenly falls from her lap; / she associates with vile people and dines together [with them];

With women who have lost their children and cannot tolerate the prosperity of others; / she sees dreadful inauspicious omens and performs them as well;

Engages in improper practices and invites the death of the infant; / while the infant sleeps, birds of dreadful omen alight;

A cat leaps over him, and he smells another's smoke; / he watches and even crosses over an offering discarded for another;

Foul smell of the body and mouth, appearance of dirt at the tip of the nose; / mother and son wearing unpleasing, blood-red garlands;

Mounting upon and resorting to ashes, burning coals, and husks; / he cries suddenly, is frightened, and experiences a change in complexion and character;

Eating little, he passes excessive stool and urine, or conversely no stool and urine: / these are the premonitory signs and pains of seizing spirits about to come.

He who cannot hold up his head, flings his limbs, is weak, / and is overcome by dyspnoea and flatulence is marked as nearing his end.

Though diverted in many ways, he finds no delight in diversion; / afflicted by thirst, drowsiness, and sleep, he even coos like a dove.

Seeing the symptoms of one afflicted with fever, vomiting, and diarrhoea, / the physician should know it to be severe; not all succeed.

Thus these various pains arising in the body of children
of diseases mostly arising [in them] were spoken by the great seer Kaśyapa.

Seeing their respective uncontradicted treatments in proper sequence / in the Section on Therapeutics, he should treat them according to the humour.

Thus spoke the venerable Kaśyapa.
Thus ends the twenty-fifth chapter, on Pain.