The Compendium of Bheḷa 2
English (machine translation) 2
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Contents
2.2.1
Then, from chest trauma, fever and cough arise in him; / his voice fails, and he spits blood.
2.2.2
Or rather, helpless, the person continually wastes away; / by these characteristics one should recognise consumption originating from overexertion.
2.2.3
As long as he is strong, one should nourish him just so long, / because the life of a person in this world depends on strength.
2.2.4
When a man, among his elders or in an assembly of a king, / in a cowshed, in the presence of women or gamblers, on the back of an elephant, or on a chariot,
2.2.5
out of fear, situational decorum, shame, or disgust, / suppresses feces or urine that has arrived and is ready to fall,
2.2.6
due to that suppression, wind stirred up in the upper region / then produces chest pain, flank pain, and an abdominal lump.
2.2.7
Caused by the arising of the abdominal lump, fever and cough occur; / his voice breaks, and he spits foul-smelling sputum.
2.2.8
Or rather, helpless, the person continually wastes away; / by these characteristics one should recognise consumption caused by suppression.
2.2.9
A person feels shame for his own sake before an elder or women; / therefore, for the sake of oneself, one should not hold back an urge that has arrived.
2.2.10
When a weak person, eating very little or emaciated, / especially one who eats dry food, indulges excessively in women,
2.2.11
the person passes blood-stained urine due to the exhaustion of semen, / and the wind rushes into his hollowed receptacle of semen.
2.2.12
Overcome by wind, fever and cough arise in him; / his voice fails, and he spits blood.
2.2.13
Or rather, helpless, the person continually wastes away; / by these characteristics one should recognise consumption born of excessive sexual intercourse.
2.2.14
For the body has sexual pleasure as its root, and sexual pleasure is the fruit of the body; / therefore, desiring the fruit for the sake of the root, one should resort to women with moderation.
2.2.15
When a weak person engages in irregular eating, / as he eats irregularly, his tissues fall into disharmony.
2.2.16
Then food only increases feces in him; / the embodied being does not obtain chyle in the body, like one who is impaired.
2.2.17
When chyle ceases, fever and cough then arise in him; / his voice fails, and he spits blood.
2.2.18
Or rather, helpless, the person continually wastes away; / by these characteristics one should recognise consumption born of irregular eating.
2.2.19
Since one desiring [health] wishes for wholesome food with chyle for the sake of the body, / therefore, out of regard for the body, one should manage one's diet very well.
2.2.20
"Thus the four sources of consumptive wasting have been spoken by me, / which a man in this world, desiring health, should avoid once he understands them; / and health is dependent on understanding: this has been stated by the great sage."
Thus spoke the venerable Ātreya.
Thus ends the second chapter in the Nidāna section of Bheḷa.
Third Chapter.
Now we shall explain the diagnosis of gulma; thus spoke the venerable Ātreya.
2.3.1
From vāta, from pitta, from kapha, from combination [of the three], and also from blood, / five gulmas occur in this world; I shall declare their characteristics.
2.3.2
When a person prone to vāta indulges in vāta-aggravating food, / runs, or jumps, or keeps awake at night,
2.3.3
speaks excessively, laughs excessively, indulges excessively in women, / causes upward movement of wind, or engages excessively in physical exertion,
2.3.4
or falls from a tree, or vomits with force, / then his vāyu, aggravated in this way, enters the stomach
2.3.5
and produces a gulma in the flanks, the heart, or the abdomen. / It is at one moment large and then becomes small again;
2.3.6
accompanied by pricking and throbbing, it pierces and shoots about; / it causes pain, and it also produces fever;
2.3.7
seizing the head of the bladder, it stays as if tearing it apart; / and food becomes poison and ascends to the head;
2.3.8
and at one moment it is distinctly visible, and then it disappears again; / he passes hard stool with difficulty, or accompanied by blood;
2.3.9
and the person with vātagulma appears dark-hued. / When a person who is constantly prone to pitta indulges in pitta-aggravating food,
2.3.10
and foolishly consumes drinks of such nature without measure, / then his pitta, aggravated in this way, enters the stomach
2.3.11
and produces a gulma in the flanks, the heart, or the abdomen. / It burns, aches, stings, and fumes;
2.3.12
constantly feverish and red, he frequently exudes sweat; / like a heated iron ball, it burns where it is located;
2.3.13
it produces thirst and fainting, and also creeps from its place; / and extreme pain arises in that region;
2.3.14
hairs previously grown fall out from that affliction of gulma, / and they do not grow back as long as the disease is not pacified;
2.3.15
and the person is seen with a yellowish appearance from pittagulma. / When a person who is constantly prone to phlegm indulges in phlegm-aggravating food,
2.3.16
foolishly [eating] without measure, and is addicted to daytime sleeping, / then his phlegm, aggravated in this way, enters the stomach
2.3.17
and produces a gulma in the flanks, the heart, or the abdomen. / Food is not relishable to him, and what is eaten is not digested;
2.3.18
and along with phlegm, what has been eaten repeatedly comes upward; / he has white urine and feces, and has a whitish appearance,
2.3.19
and his eyes become white in gulma arising from phlegm. / When a person who is continuously emaciated by disease or medication,
2.3.20
and whose strength and digestive fire have not returned, indulges in doṣa-aggravating things, / his accumulated doṣas produce a dreadful gulma;
2.3.21
in that sānnipātika [type], all symptoms are observed. / But blood-gulma arises only in women;
2.3.22
it does not occur in men; I shall declare its characteristics: / when a woman has recently had a miscarriage, or recently given birth,
2.3.23
or through excessive childbearing, or likewise through lack of childbearing, / or through supporting a heavy load, blood then becomes distended;
2.3.24
when that blood is retained, the woman considers herself pregnant; / then in due course, colic arises in her abdomen,
2.3.25
and that abdominal enlargement from gulma is in the belly, and she considers: 'This is a fetus'; / and thinking 'this is a fetus', she bears the disease for one year or even many [years],
2.3.26
and she somehow restrains the splitting pain; / then with the passage of time her breasts become filled with milk,
2.3.27
she becomes emaciated and pale, and welcomes pregnancy cravings; / vomiting, spitting, and drowsiness afflict her in this way,
2.3.28
and there is swelling of the feet when vitiation occurs in blood-gulma. / Of these five gulmas, it has indeed been declared: / one should know the combined [type] to be incurable, and the others curable with exertion."
Thus spoke the venerable Ātreya.
Thus ends the third chapter in the Nidāna section of Bheḷa.
Fourth Chapter.
Now we shall explain the diagnosis of cough; thus spoke the venerable Ātreya.
2.4.1
From vāta, from pitta, from kapha, from injury, or also from consumptive wasting, / five coughs occur in this world; I shall declare their characteristics.
2.4.2
When a person who is constantly prone to vāta indulges in unwholesome things, / eats and drinks dry [food], and chews much dry [food],
2.4.3
his aggravated vāta, having seized the heart, / ascends through the vessels and produces cough.
2.4.4
Pain in the chest, pain in the flanks, and stiffness of the back arise; / his abdomen rumbles, and his head aches severely;
2.4.5
the flanks of the embodied person are seized as if struck in the chest; / as he coughs, kapha comes forth with violent effort;
2.4.6
as he coughs continuously, wind obstructs his urine; / by these characteristics one should recognise vātakāsa in embodied beings.
2.4.7
When a person who is constantly prone to pitta indulges in unwholesome things, / eats, drinks, chews, and tastes sour [foods],
2.4.8
his aggravated pitta, having seized the heart, / ascends through the vessels and produces cough.
2.4.9
His chest burns, and likewise feels intensely heated; / his nose feels hot, and his eyes burn;
2.4.10
and the man sometimes spits with pitta, or with blood; / or the face of the embodied person becomes yellow in pittakāsa.
2.4.11
When a person who is constantly prone to phlegm indulges in phlegm-aggravating food, / drinks, eats, or chews sweet things,
2.4.12
abstains from exercise, and indulges in daytime sleeping, / his aggravated phlegm, having seized the heart,
2.4.13
ascends through the vessels and produces cough. / In cough knotty with phlegm, he spits [mucus] with a foul odor;
2.4.14
a catarrh of vitiated phlegm arises with śleṣmakāsa. / One who, having undertaken reckless physical exertion, injures and wears out the chest,
2.4.15
spits with blood in cough arising from chest-injury. / And for a person who is addicted to women, from depletion of semen,
2.4.16
the penis is pierced as if by needles on account of being overcome by wind; / he passes urine with blood, and likewise red semen.
2.4.17
All these coughs have been described by me according to their characteristics; / having examined them with his intellect, the physician should then administer treatment.
Thus said the venerable Ātreya.
Thus ends the fourth chapter in the Nidāna of Bheḷa.
Fifth chapter.
Now, therefore, we shall explain the diagnosis of kuṣṭha; thus said the venerable Ātreya.
2.5.1
pippalī, kākamācī, and likuca with curd and ghee; / vātāyu with milk; radish along with jaggery;
2.5.2
and any other such incompatible [food]—by eating that; / also by suppressing vomiting, and by adopting improper dietary regimens;
2.5.3
by consuming burnt and burning food without having vomited [the previous meal]; / and on a journey, by consuming water when freshly purged and fatigued;
2.5.4
by eating fish, milk, and limes together in one meal; / and by resorting to similar things, kuṣṭha arises in a person.
2.5.5
A person who is always of phlegmatic constitution, who resorts to phlegm-producing food / and indulges in day-sleep—his phlegm increases.
2.5.6
Increased, it corrupts his muscle, skin, and blood; / the skin is elevated by the morbid humor, and he then sweats because of it.
2.5.7
Thereupon the kuṣṭhas arise: dadru, sidhma, / and variegated round patches; I shall declare their characteristics.
2.5.8
Dense circular patches here, resembling boils everywhere, / accompanied by itching and spreading—one should designate them as dadrukuṣṭha.
2.5.9
When they discharge, elevated by the morbid humors in a person, / they then exude sliminess [from] his core and base.
2.5.10
Aggregated, pale, covered with muddy scabs, / arising in the skin, dry, and also thin circular patches—
2.5.11
one should know them as sidhmakuṣṭha; indeed, they become so; / and when the morbid humors discharge, [the fluid is] slimy and honey-colored.
2.5.12
Circular patches that are white and dense-elevated everywhere— / one should know them as maṇḍalakuṣṭha, which ulcerate slowly in humans.
2.5.13
When they do ulcerate, they discharge white [matter]; / thus one should designate the three kuṣṭhas arising from phlegm.
2.5.14
A person who is always of windy constitution, who resorts to wind-producing food / and exposes himself to wind and sunshine—his wind increases.
2.5.15
Increased, it corrupts his skin, muscle, and blood; / the skin is elevated by the morbid humor, and he then sweats because of it.
2.5.16
Because of that, when muscle and blood are corrupted, kapālakuṣṭha [develops] in him, / in a person whose wind is increased; I shall declare its characteristics.
2.5.17
Rough, reddish-brown, and even circular patches— / one should know them as kapālakuṣṭha, which ulcerate slowly in humans.
2.5.18
A person who is always of bilious constitution, who resorts to bile-producing food / and exposes himself to wind and sunshine—his bile becomes aggravated.
2.5.19
Increased, it then corrupts his skin, muscle, and blood; / the skin is elevated by the morbid humor, and he then sweats because of it.
2.5.20
Then kuṣṭhas arise when muscle and blood are corrupted, / or upon the aggravation of bile; I shall declare their characteristics.
2.5.21
Those circular patches here that are the color of a ripe udumbara fig— / one should know them as audumbara; here they are incurable in humans.
2.5.22
When the audumbara kuṣṭhas reach ulceration, / they then indeed become circular patches.
2.5.23
And those circular patches here that resemble a puṇḍarīka lotus— / the wise one should know them as puṇḍarīka, which are curable.
2.5.24
When those puṇḍarīka [kuṣṭhas] reach ulceration, / one should then designate them as ṛśyajihva kuṣṭha.
2.5.25
Circular patches that have the color of a blue water-lily in appearance— / one should designate those as ṛśyajihva kuṣṭhas; they are incurable.
2.5.26
When the ṛśyajihva [kuṣṭhas] ulcerate completely, / the intelligent person should then designate them as kākaṇa.
2.5.27
Those circular patches here that have the color of a guñjā berry— / they call them kākaṇa; they are to be rejected as incurable in humans.
2.5.28
Thus the diagnosis of kuṣṭha has indeed been explained in proper order; / having heard it here, the intelligent person should eat wholesome and easily digested food.
Thus said the venerable Ātreya.
Thus ends the fifth chapter in the Nidāna of Bheḷa.
Sixth chapter.
Now, therefore, we shall explain the diagnosis of prameha; thus said the venerable Ātreya.
2.6.1
Prameha is to be known as twofold in a man: / arising from constitutional predisposition, and caused by oneself; I shall declare its characteristics.
2.6.2
Smooth-limbed, soft, unctuous, very phlegmatic, and corpulent— / men accustomed to fish and meat lament with congenital prameha.
2.6.3
A person who is born of parents of such a kind / passes [morbid] urine from constitutional predisposition due to the looseness of fat.
2.6.4
By very unctuous [meats] of marshy and varied aquatic animals, / and by the meat of cattle, goats, and sheep, or by fresh curd and ghee;
2.6.5
by varieties of jaggery, milk, pounded sesame paste, and aquatic birds; / by lack of exercise, day-sleep, and comfortable beds and seats—
2.6.6
by these, such, and other unctuous things fat increases; / the increased fat moistens the body and also the bladder.
2.6.7
A person who, constantly drenched with fat, resorts to phlegm-producing food— / his aggravated phlegm produces ten pramehas.
2.6.8
Namely, udakameha, and likewise piṣṭameha, / and the others beginning with these; I shall declare their characteristics.
2.6.9
One with udameha passes urine resembling crystal water; / and one with piṣṭameha passes [urine] resembling white flour.
2.6.10
One with kāṇḍekṣurasameha passes [urine] like sugarcane juice; / and one with śuklameha passes urine resembling semen.
2.6.11
Thus one should know these four mehas from pure phlegm; / but hear of those which they pass when bile is a secondary force to phlegm.
2.6.12
One should know that the urine of a person with lavaṇameha resembles salt water; / likewise, a person with surāmeha passes [urine] with the appearance of surā; / the urine of one with sāndrameha is seen to be dense and clear.
Thus ends the sixth chapter in the Nidāna of Bheḷa.
Seventh chapter.
[…] afflicted by insanity from bile, he constantly takes to singing.
2.7.1
A person who is always of phlegmatic constitution, who resorts to phlegm-producing food / and indulges in day-sleep—his phlegm increases.
2.7.2
Increased, [moving] upward from the heart and seizing the ten vessels, / obstructing the channel that carries consciousness, it then causes consciousness to be lost.
2.7.3
Deprived of consciousness, that person performs various strange actions: / singing and dancing in one spot, now laughing, and now weeping.
2.7.4
He sits alone away from people, and also lies down like an idiot; / he also terrifies people—such here is a man suffering from phlegm-insanity.
2.7.5
He, however, who consumes all this that provokes the doṣas as described, / incurs insanity from combination [of doṣas], having all the symptoms.
2.7.6
When, through loss of wealth or the death of a loved one, / he then broods, his consciousness is lost through grief.
2.7.7
Whatever matters he broods upon, those very things he then babbles about; / one should know the fifth insanity of embodied beings to be of external origin.
2.7.8
One should recognize all these insanities indeed as curable; / for having lost his consciousness, he regains his normal state only with difficulty.
2.7.9
Thus the body-born doṣas situated within the body / harm the body itself, just as fire [harms] its own resting place.
2.7.10
Neither spirits harm [them], nor piśācas, nor rākṣasas; / likewise, the gods of righteous conduct are indifferent towards human beings.
2.7.11
If a man is engaged in emesis, purging, non-unctuous enema, and unctuous enema, / he would never contract dread diseases such as insanities. Thus said the venerable Ātreya. / Thus ends the seventh chapter in the Nidāna of Bheḷa. / Eighth chapter. / Now we shall explain the etiology of epilepsy; thus said the venerable Ātreya.
2.8.1
From wind, from bile, from phlegm, and likewise from a combination [of them], / epilepsies arise here; I shall state their characteristics.
2.8.2
A person who is always of windy constitution, who resorts to wind-producing food / and also indulges in physical exercise—his wind becomes provoked.
2.8.3
Increased, [moving] upward from the heart and seizing the ten vessels, / obstructing the channel that carries consciousness, it then causes consciousness to be lost.
2.8.4
Deprived of consciousness, he falls down, chatters his teeth, / opens wide his eyes, and casts his brows about.
2.8.5
If, having returned to consciousness, having gone beyond the darkness, he should say: / 'And the world appears black to me, and shattered in pieces,'
2.8.6
then the wind rushes thus upward to the heart, obstructing the stool. / By these characteristics, one should know epilepsy born of wind.
2.8.7
A person who is always of bilious constitution, who resorts to bile-producing food / and exposes himself to fire and sunshine—his bile increases.
2.8.8
Increased, [moving] upward from the heart and seizing the ten vessels, / obstructing the channel that carries consciousness, it then causes consciousness to be lost.
2.8.9
Deprived of consciousness, he falls down, chatters his teeth, / opens wide his eyes, and raises his brows.
2.8.10
If, having returned to consciousness, having gone beyond the darkness, he should say: / 'And the world appears white to me, and shattered in pieces,'
2.8.11
then phlegm rushes thus upward to the heart, obstructing the stool. / By these characteristics, one should know epilepsy of the nature of phlegm.
2.8.12
He, however, who consumes all this that provokes the doṣas as described, / incurs epilepsy from combination [of doṣas], having all the symptoms.
2.8.13
Thus, when wind and the others have increased here through unwholesome tastes, / a living being does not suffer epilepsy nor is he struck down by spirits [otherwise].
2.8.14
Whenever the doṣas swell like the ocean on the lunar conjunctions, / then he suffers epilepsy; he is not afflicted continuously.
2.8.15
Of fever, consumption, and abdominal lump, of those who cough and those with skin disease, / of those with obstinate urinary disorders, of those with insanity, and likewise of those with epilepsy:
2.8.16
thus eight etiologies of embodied beings have been declared. / I shall explain the specific determinations properly in succession. Thus said the venerable Ātreya. / Thus ends the eighth chapter in Bheḷa. / Thus ends the Section on Etiology in the Compendium of Bheḷa. / Section on Specific Determination. / First chapter. / Now we shall explain the specific determination of tastes; thus said the venerable Ātreya.
Linked texts (1)
- Bheḷasaṃhitā — Bheḷa, Sanskrit