[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Medicine](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med) › [Early and ascribed compendia](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita) › [The Compendium of Caraka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka) › 2.2 # The Compendium of Caraka 2.2: dvitīyo 'adhyāyaḥ/ Carakasaṃhitā 2.2 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### dvitīyo 'adhyāyaḥ/ ### [2.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.1) athāto raktapittanidānaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ > Now we shall explain the etiology of bleeding disorders (raktapitta). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.2) iti ha smāha bhagavānātreyaḥ// > Thus spoke the venerable Ātreya. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.3) pittaṃ yathābhūtaṃ lohitapittamiti saṃjñāṃ labhate, \*tad vyākhyāsyāmaḥ// > How pitta in reality acquires the designation 'lohitapitta' \[blood-bile\], that we shall explain. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.4) yadā janturyavakoddālakakoradūṣaprāyāṇyannāni bhuṅkte, bhṛśoṣṇatīkṣṇamapi cānyadannajātaṃ niṣpāvamāṣakulatthasūpakṣāropasaṃhitaṃ, &dadhidadhimaṇḍodaśvitkaṭvarāmlakāñjikopasekaṃ vā, vārāhamāhiṣāvikamātsyagavyapiśitaṃ, piṇyākapiṇḍāluśuṣkaśākopahitaṃ, mūlakasarṣapalaśunakarañjaśigrumadhuśigru(&khaḍayūṣa) bhūstṛṇasumukhasurasakuṭherakagaṇḍīrakālamālakaparṇāsakṣavakaphaṇijjhakopadaṃśaṃ, surāsauvīratuṣodakamaireyamedakamadhūlakaśuktakuvalabadarāmlaprāyānupānaṃ vā, piṣṭānnottarabhūyiṣṭham; uṣṇābhitapto vā 'atimātramativelaṃ vā++āmaṃ payaḥ pibati, payasā samaśnāti &rauhiṇīkaṃ, kāṇakapotaṃ vā sarṣapatailakṣārasiddhaṃ, kulatthapiṇyākajāmbavalakucapakvaiḥ śauktikairvā saha kṣīraṃ &pibatyuṣṇābhitaptaḥ; tasyaivamācarataḥ pittaṃ prakopamāpadyate, lohitaṃ &ca svapramāṇamativartate/ > When a person mostly eats grains such as wild barley, uddālaka, and koradūṣa, or other food that is intensely hot and sharp, accompanied by alkaline preparations and soups of flat beans, black gram, and horse gram; or moistened with curd, curd water, buttermilk, whey, or sour kāñjika; or meat of wild boar, buffalo, sheep, fish, or cattle, served with oil-cake, piṇḍālu, and dried leafy greens; or side-dishes of radish, mustard, garlic, karañja, moringa, red moringa, sour buttermilk soup, ginger-grass, sumukha, basil, kuṭheraka, gaṇḍīra, kālamālaka, parṇāsa, kṣavaka, and phaṇijjaka; or with after-drinks mostly consisting of surā, sauvīraka, tuṣodaka, maireya, medaka, madhūlaka, vinegar, and sour preparations of jujube or small jujube; or eats excessively of flour-based pastries; or, oppressed by heat, drinks unboiled milk in excessive amounts or out of season; or consumes along with milk the flesh of rauhiṇīka or a one-eyed pigeon cooked in mustard oil and alkali; or, oppressed by heat, drinks milk together with horse gram, oil-cake, rose-apple, monkey-jack cooked preparations, or vinegars—as he behaves in this manner, his pitta becomes provoked, and his blood exceeds its own normal measure. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.4\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.4_1) tasmin pramāṇātivṛtte pittaṃ prakupitaṃ &śarīramanusarpadyadeva yakṛtplīhaprabhavāṇāṃ lohitavahānāṃ ca srotasāṃ lohitābhiṣyandagurūṇi mukhānyāsādya &pratirundhyāt &tadeva lohitaṃ dūṣayati// > When that \[blood\] exceeds its normal measure, the provoked pitta, spreading throughout the body, reaches the orifices of the blood-carrying channels that arise from the liver and spleen—which are heavy due to the congestion of blood—blocks them, and corrupts that very blood. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.5) &saṃsargāllohitapradūṣaṇāllohitagandhavarṇānuvidhānācca pittaṃ lohitapittamityācakṣate// > Because of contact \[with blood\], because of corrupting blood, and because of taking on the smell and colour of blood, pitta is called lohitapitta \[blood-bile\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.6) tasyemāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā---anannābhilāṣaḥ, bhuktasya vidāhaḥ, śuktāmlagandharasa udgāraḥ, charderabhīkṣṇamāgamanaṃ, charditasya bībhatsatā, svarabhedo, gātrāṇāṃ sadanaṃ, paridāhaḥ, mukhāddhūmāgama iva, lohalohitamatsyāmagandhitvamiva cāsyasya, raktaharitahāridratvamaṅgāvayavaśakṛnmūtrasvedalālāsiṅgāṇakāsyakarṇamala-&piḍakolikāpiḍakānām, aṅgavedanā, lohitanīlapītaśyāvānāmarciṣmatāṃ ca rūpāṇāṃ svapne darśanamabhīkṣṇamiti (&lohitapittapūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti)// > Its premonitory symptoms are these: namely—aversion to food; digestive combustion of what has been eaten; eructations having the smell and taste of vinegar-sourness; frequent emergence of vomiting; disgusting appearance of what has been vomited; hoarseness of voice; lassitude of the limbs; burning sensation all over; a feeling as if smoke were issuing from the mouth; a smell of iron, blood, or raw fish in the mouth; redness, greenness, or yellowness of the limbs, body parts, feces, urine, sweat, saliva, nasal mucus, and the excretions of the mouth and ears, as well as eruptions and boils; aching in the limbs; and frequent seeing in dreams of objects that are red, blue, yellow, or greyish-black and radiating light—\[these are the premonitory symptoms of lohitapitta\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.7) upadravāstu khalu daurbalyārocakāvipākaśvāsakāsajvarātīsāraśophaśoṣapāṇḍurogāḥ svarabhedaśca// > Its complications indeed are: debility, anorexia, indigestion, dyspnea, cough, fever, diarrhea, swelling, consumption, jaundice, and hoarseness of voice. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.8) mārgau punarasya dvau ūrdhvaṃ, cādhaśca/ > Moreover, its pathways are two: the upward and the downward. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.8\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.8_1) tadbahuśleṣmaṇi śarīre śleṣmasaṃsargādūrdhvaṃ pratipadyamānaṃ karṇanāsikānetrāsyebhyaḥ pracyavate, bahuvāte tu śarīre vātasaṃsargādadhaḥ pratipadyamānaṃ mūtrapurīṣamārgābhyāṃ pracyavate, bahuśleṣmavāte tu śarīre śleṣmavātasaṃsargāddvāvapi mārgau pratipadyate, tau mārgau pratipadyamānaṃ sarvebhya eva yathoktebhyaḥ khebhyaḥ pracyavate śarīrasya// > In a body abounding in phlegm, moving upward owing to its association with phlegm, it flows out from the ears, nose, eyes, and mouth; but in a body abounding in wind, moving downward owing to its association with wind, it flows out from the pathways of urine and feces; and in a body abounding in both phlegm and wind, owing to its association with phlegm and wind, it takes to both pathways, and taking to those two pathways, it flows out from all the aforesaid orifices of the body. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.9) tatra yadūrdhvabhāgaṃ tat sādhyaṃ, virecanopakramaṇīyatvādbahvauṣadhatvācca; yadadhobhāgaṃ tadyathāpyaṃ, vamanopakramaṇīyatvādalpauṣadhatvācca; yadubhayabhāgaṃ tadasādhyaṃ, vamanavirecanāyogitvādanauṣadhatvācceti// > Among these, that which takes the upward path is curable, because it can be treated by purgation and because of the abundance of medicines \[available for it\]; that which takes the downward path is manageable, because it can be treated by emesis and because of the scarcity of medicines; that which takes both paths is incurable, because emesis and purgation are not applicable and because no medicines can be employed. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.10) raktapittaprakopastu khalu purā dakṣayajñoddhvaṃse &rudrakopāmarṣāgninā prāṇināṃ parigataśarīrapraṇānāmabhavajjvaramanu// > The provocation of raktapitta indeed arose in ancient times upon the destruction of Dakṣa's sacrifice, following fever, in living beings whose bodies and vital breaths were pervaded by the fire of Rudra's wrath and fury. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.11) tasyāśukāriṇo dāvāgnerivāpatitasyātyayikasyāśu praśāntyai prayatitavyaṃ mātrāṃ deśaṃ kālaṃ cābhisamīkṣya saṃtarpaṇenāpatarpaṇena vā mṛdumadhuraśiśiratiktakaṣāyairabhyavahāryaiḥ pradehapariṣekāvagāhasaṃsparśanairvamanādyairvā tatrāvahiteneti// > For the swift pacification of this fast-acting, urgent affliction that has fallen like a forest fire, an attentive \[physician\] must make an effort, having considered the dosage, the habitat, and the season, by means of nourishing therapy or reducing therapy, with articles of food and drink that are mild, sweet, cooling, bitter, and astringent, or with poultices, sprinklings, immersion baths, tactile applications, or emesis and the like. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.12) bhavanti cātra--- > And here are \[the verses\]: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.12\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.12_1) sādhyaṃ lohitapittaṃ tadyadūrdhvaṃ pratipadyate/ virecanasya yogitvādbahutvādbheṣajasya ca// > That lohitapitta is curable which moves upward, > because purgation is applicable and because medicines are plentiful. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.13) virecanaṃ tu pittasya jayārthe paramauṣadham/ yaśca &tatrānvayaḥ śleṣmā tasya cānadhamaṃ smṛtam// > Purgation is the supreme medicine for conquering pitta, > and for the phlegm that is associated with it there, it is traditionally regarded as not inferior. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.14) bhavedyogāvahaṃ tatra &madhuraṃ caiva bheṣajam/ tasmāt sādhyaṃ mataṃ raktaṃ yadūrdhvaṃ pratipadyate// > Sweet medicine would also be suitable in that condition; > therefore, the blood that moves upward is considered curable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.15) raktaṃ tu yadadhobhāgaṃ tadyāpyamiti niścitam/ vamanasyālpayogitvādalpatvādbheṣajasya ca// > The blood, however, that moves downward is determined to be manageable, > because emesis has limited applicability and because medicines are scarce. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.16) vamanaṃ hi na pittasya &haraṇe śreṣṭhamucyate/ yaśca &tatrānvayo vāyustacchāntau cāvaraṃ smṛtam// > For emesis is not declared to be best in expelling pitta, > and for the pacification of the wind that is associated with it there, it is traditionally regarded as inferior. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.17) &taccāyogāvahaṃ tatra kaṣāyaṃ tiktakāni ca/ tasmādyāpyaṃ samākhyātaṃ &yaduktamanulomagam// > Astringent and bitter \[medicines\] are also unsuitable in that condition; > therefore, that which moves downwards is declared to be manageable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.18) raktapittaṃ tu yanmārgau dvāvapi pratipadyate/ asādhyamiti tajjñeyaṃ pūrvoktādeva kāraṇāt// > The raktapitta, however, that takes to both pathways > should be known as incurable, precisely for the reason stated earlier. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.19) nahi saṃśodhanaṃ kiṃcidastyasya pratimārgagam/ pratimārgaṃ ca haraṇaṃ raktapitte vidhīyate// > For there is no purification whatsoever that acts counter to its path, > and elimination in the direction opposite to the path is prescribed in raktapitta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.20) evamevopaśamanaṃ sarvaśo nāsya vidyate/ saṃsṛṣṭeṣu ca doṣeṣu sarvajicchamanaṃ &matam// > Likewise, no pacification is found that works in every way, > and when doshas are combined, a pacifying treatment is thought to be one that conquers all. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.21) ityuktaṃ trividhodarkaṃ raktaṃ mārgaviśeṣataḥ/ ebhyastu khalu hetubhyaḥ kiṃcitsādhyaṃ na sidhyati// > Thus has blood\[-bile\] of three kinds of outcome been described according to the difference in pathways; > but for the following reasons a curable condition may fail to be cured: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.22) preṣyopakaraṇābhāvāaddaurātmyādvaidyadoṣataḥ/ akarmataśca sādhyatvaṃ kaścidrogo 'ativartate// > Due to absence of attendants and equipment, wicked conduct \[of the patient\], error of the physician, > or lack of proper treatment, a disease transgresses its curability. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.23) tatrāsādhyatvamekaṃ syāt sādhyayāpyaparikramāt/ raktapittasya vijñānamidaṃ tasyopadiśyate// > In that matter, \[one form of\] incurability would arise from the transition out of curability and manageability; > this diagnostic knowledge of raktapitta is taught for it: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.24) yat kṛṣṇamathavā nīlaṃ yadvā śakradhanuṣprabham/ raktapittamasādhyaṃ tadvāsaso rañjanaṃ ca yat// > That which is black or blue, or resembles a rainbow, > and that raktapitta which stains cloth, is incurable; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.25) bhṛśaṃ pūtyatimātraṃ ca sarvopadravavacca yat/ balamāṃsakṣaye yacca tacca raktamasiddhimat// > and that which is intensely foul-smelling, excessive, accompanied by all complications, > and occurs during loss of strength and muscle tissue—that blood is incurable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.26) yena copahato raktaṃ raktapittena mānavaḥ/ paśyeddṛśyaṃ viyaccāpi taccāsādhyaṃ na saṃśayaḥ// > And a man afflicted with raktapitta who sees > visible objects and the sky as red—that is incurable without a doubt. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.27) tatrāsādhyaṃ parityājyaṃ, yāpyaṃ yatnena yāpayet/ sādhyaṃ cāvahitaḥ siddhairbheṣajaiḥ sādhayedbhiṣak// > Among these, the incurable should be rejected; the manageable, one should sustain with effort; > and the curable, the attentive physician should cure with proven remedies. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.28) tatra ślokau--- > Here are the two concluding verses: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.28\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.28_1) kāraṇaṃ nāmanirvṛttiṃ pūrvarūpāṇyupadravān/ mārgau doṣānubandhaṃ ca sādhyatvaṃ na ca hetumat// > The cause, the derivation of the name, the premonitory symptoms, the complications, > the two pathways, the secondary association of doshas, and curability or non-curability with reasons— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.29) nidāne raktapittasya vyājahāra punarvasuḥ/ vītamoharajodoṣalobhamānamadaspṛhaḥ// > Punarvasu, free from delusion, passion, faults, greed, pride, intoxication, and longing, > has proclaimed in this etiology of raktapitta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.2.29\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2.29_1) ityagniveśakṛte tantre carakapratisaṃskṛte nidānasthāne raktapittanidānaṃ nāma dvitīyo 'adhyāyaḥ//2// > Thus ends the second chapter, titled 'The Etiology of Bleeding Disorders (Raktapitta)', in the Section on Etiology (Nidānasthāna) of the treatise composed by Agniveśa and redacted by Caraka. //2 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka~en-mt.2.2.1) — English, machine translation ## Commentaries (1) - [Jalpakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka!gangadhara.1.53) — Gaṅgādhara Kaviratna 1860, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.2) · Pramāṇa