[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Medicine](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med) › [Early and ascribed compendia](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita) › [The Compendium of Caraka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka) › 2.5 # The Compendium of Caraka 2.5: pañcamo 'adhyāyaḥ/ Carakasaṃhitā 2.5 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### pañcamo 'adhyāyaḥ/ ### [2.5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.1) athātaḥ kuṣṭhanidānaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ// > Now we shall explain the etiology of kuṣṭha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.2) iti ha smāha bhagavānātreyaḥ// > Thus spoke the venerable Ātreya: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.3) sapta dravyāṇi kuṣṭhānāṃ &prakṛtirvikṛtimāpannāni bhavanti/ > Seven substances constitute the primary materials of kuṣṭhas when they have undergone alteration. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.3\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.3_1) tadyathā---trayo doṣā vātapittaśleṣmāṇaḥ prakopaṇavikṛtāḥ, dūṣyāśca &śarīradhātavastvaṅmāṃsaśoṇitalatīkāścaturdhā doṣopaghātavikṛtā iti/ > Namely: the three doshas—vāta, pitta, and phlegm—altered by provoking causes; and the fourfold corruptible body tissues—skin, flesh, blood, and lymph—altered through the pathogenic impact of the doshas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.3\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.3_2) etat saptānāṃ saptadhātukamevaṅgatamājananaṃ kuṣṭhānām, ataḥprabhavāṇyabhinirvartamānāni kevalaṃ śarīramupatapanti// > This combination of seven, comprising seven bodily elements, is the origin of kuṣṭhas in such manner; arising from this, they manifest and torment the entire body. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.4) na ca kiñcidasti kuṣṭhamekadoṣaprakopanimittam, asti tu khalu samānaprakṛtīnāmapi kuṣṭhānāṃ doṣāṃśāṃśavikalpānubandhasthānavibhāgena vedanāvarṇasaṃsthānaprabhāvanāmacikitsitaviśeṣaḥ/ > No kuṣṭha whatever is caused by the provocation of a single dosha; yet, even among kuṣṭhas of identical constitution, distinctions arise regarding pain, colour, shape, influence, name, and treatment, according to the fractional division of doshas, accessory factors, and location. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.4\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.4_1) sa saptavidho 'aṣṭādaśavidho 'aparisaṃkhyeyavidho vā bhavati/ > It is of seven kinds, eighteen kinds, or of innumerable kinds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.4\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.4_2) doṣā hi vikalpanairvikalpyamānā vikalpayanti vikārān, anyatrāsādhyabhāvāt/ > For the doshas, when differentiated by permutations, differentiate the disorders, except where there is incurability. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.4\_3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.4_3) teṣāṃ vikalpavikārasaṃkhyāne 'atiprasaṅgamabhisamīkṣya saptavidhameva kuṣṭhaviśeṣamupakṣyāmaḥ// > Having observed that excessive proliferation occurs in enumerating their permutations and varieties, we shall declare the distinctions of kuṣṭha as merely sevenfold. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.5) iha vātādiṣu triṣu prakupiteṣu tvagādīṃścaturaḥ pradūṣayatsu vāte+ dhikatare kapālakuṣṭhamabhinirvartate, pitte tvaudumbaraṃ, śleṣmaṇi maṇḍalakuṣṭhaṃ, vātapittayorṛṣyajihvaṃ, pittaśleṣmaṇoḥ puṇḍarīkaṃ, śleṣmamārutayoḥ sidhmakuṣṭhaṃ, sarvadoṣābhivṛddhau kākaṇakamabhinirvartate; evameṣa saptavidhaḥ kuṣṭhaviśeṣo bhavati/ > Here, when the three \[doshas\] beginning with vāta are provoked and corrupt the four \[tissues\] beginning with skin: if vāta is predominant, kapālakuṣṭha develops; if pitta \[is predominant\], audumbara; if phlegm \[is predominant\], maṇḍalakuṣṭha; if vāta and pitta \[predominate\], ṛṣyajihva; if pitta and phlegm \[predominate\], puṇḍarīka; if phlegm and vāta \[predominate\], sidhmakuṣṭha; and upon the increase of all doshas, kākaṇaka develops. Thus is this sevenfold distinction of kuṣṭha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.5\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.5_1) &sa caiṣa bhūyastaratamataḥ prakṛtau vikalpyamānāyāṃ bhūyasīṃ vikāravikalpasaṃkhyāmāpadyate// > And when this constitution is differentiated in terms of more, most, and comparative degrees, it attains a far greater number of varieties of the disorder. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.6) tatredaṃ sarvakuṣṭhanidānaṃ samāsenopadekṣyāmaḥ---śītoṣṇavyatyāsamanānupūrvyopasevamānasya tathā saṃtarpaṇapatarpaṇābhyavahāryavahāryavyatyāsaṃ, madhuphāṇitamatsyalakucamūlakakākamācīḥ satatamatimātramajīrṇe ca samaśnataḥ, cilicimaṃ ca payasā, hāyanakayavakacīnakoddālakakoradūṣaprāyāṇi cānnāni kṣīradadhitakrakolakulatthamāṣātasīkusumbhasnehavanti, etairevātimātraṃ suhitasya ca vyavāyavyāyāmasaṃtāpānatyupasevamānasya, bhayaśramasaṃtāpopahatasya ca sahasā śītodakamavatarataḥ, vidagdhaṃ cāhārajātamanullikhya vidāhīnyabhyavaharataḥ, chardiṃ ca pratighnataḥ, snehāṃścāticarataḥ, trayo doṣāḥ yugapat prakopamāpadyante; tvagādayaścatvāraḥ śaithilyamāpadyante; teṣu śithileṣu doṣāḥ prakupitāḥ sthānamadhigamya saṃtiṣṭhamānāstāneva tvagādīn dūṣayantaḥ kuṣṭhānyabhinirvartayanti// > In this regard, we shall declare concisely the etiology of all kuṣṭhas: In one who indulges alternately in cold and hot without proper sequence, and similarly in the alternation of nourishing and reducing diets; who constantly and excessively eats honey, molasses, fish, lakuca, radish, and kākamācī during indigestion, or cilicima fish with milk; whose meals consist mostly of hāyanaka, yavaka, cīnaka, uddālaka, and koradūṣa grains accompanied by milk, curd, buttermilk, kola, kulattha, māṣa, flaxseed, and safflower oil; who, having excessively overeaten with these very foods, indulges excessively in sexual intercourse, physical exercise, and heat; who, afflicted by fear, exhaustion, and heat, suddenly plunges into cold water; who partakes of foods causing digestive burning without vomiting out corrupted food; who suppresses vomiting; and who overuses unctuous substances—all three doshas simultaneously undergo provocation. The four \[tissues\] beginning with skin undergo laxity. When these are lax, the provoked doshas, finding a seat and settling there, corrupt those very \[tissues\] beginning with skin and produce kuṣṭhas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.7) teṣāmimāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā---asvedanamatisvedanaṃ pāruṣyamatiślakṣṇatā vaivarṇyaṃ kaṇḍūrnistodaḥ suptatā paridāhaḥ pariharṣo lomaharṣaḥ kharatvamūṣmāyaṇaṃ gauravaṃ śvayathuvīrsarpāgamanamabhīkṣṇaṃ ca kāye kāyacchidreṣūpadehaḥ pakvadagdhadaṣṭabhagnakṣatopaskhaliteṣvatimātraṃ vedanā svalpānāmapi ca vraṇānāṃ duṣṭirasaṃrohaṇaṃ ceti// > These are their premonitory symptoms, namely: absence of sweating or excessive sweating, roughness, extreme smoothness, discolouration, itching, piercing pain, numbness, burning sensation, tingling, horripilation, harshness, sensation of internal heat, heaviness, swelling, erysipelas-like spreading, frequent coating over the body and body cavities, excessive pain upon suppurating, burning, biting, fracturing, wounding, or falling, and the vitiation and non-healing of even tiny ulcers. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8) tato 'anantaraṃ kuṣṭhānyabhinirvartante, teṣāmidaṃ vedanāvarṇasaṃsthānaprabhāvanāmaviśeṣavijñānaṃ bhavati; tadyathā---rūkṣāruṇaparuṣāṇi viṣamavisṛtāni kharaparyantāni &tanūnyudvṛttabahistanūni &suptavatsuptāni hṛṣitalomācitāni nistodabahulānyalpakaṇḍūdāhapūyalasīkānyāśugatisamutthānānyāśubhedīni jantumanti kṛṣṇāruṇakapālavarṇāni ca kapālakuṣṭhānīti vidyāt; > Immediately thereafter, the kuṣṭhas develop. This is the diagnostic knowledge of their specific pain, colour, shape, influence, and name, namely: one should recognise as kapālakuṣṭha those that are dry, reddish-brown, rough, spreading irregularly, with harsh borders, thin, raised and thin at the exterior, numb as if dead, covered in bristled hairs, full of piercing pain, with little itching, burning, pus, and lymph, fast in progress and onset, quick to fissure, infested with organisms, and having the colour of a blackish-red potsherd. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_2) tāmrāṇi tāmrakhararomarājībhiravanaddhāni bahalāni bahubahalapūyaraktalasīkāni kaṇḍūkledakothadāhapākavantyāśugatisamutthānabhedīni sasaṃtāpakrimīṇi pakvodumbaraphalavarṇānyaudumbarakuṣṭhānīti vidyāt; > One should recognise as audumbarakuṣṭha those that are copper-coloured, covered with coppery, harsh rows of hair, thick, having abundant and thick pus, blood, and lymph, possessed of itching, moisture, sloughing, burning, and suppuration, fast in progress, onset, and ulceration, accompanied by burning heat and organisms, and possessing the colour of a ripe udumbara fruit. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_3) snigdhāni gurūṇyutsedhavanti &ślakṣṇasthirapītaparyantāni śuklaraktāvabhāsāni śuklaromarājīsantānāni &bahubahalaśuklapicchilasrāvīṇi bahukledakaṇḍūkrimīṇi saktagatisamutthānabhedīni parimaṇḍalāni maṇḍalakuṣṭhāni vidyāt; > One should recognise as maṇḍalakuṣṭha those that are unctuous, heavy, elevated, with smooth, firm, yellowish borders, having a white-red appearance, crossed by rows of white hair, discharging abundant, thick, white, slimy fluid, having much moisture, itching, and organisms, slow in progress, onset, and ulceration, and circular in shape. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_4) paruṣāṇyaruṇavarṇāni bahirantaḥśyāvāni nīlapītatāmrāvabhāsānyāśugatisamutthānānyalpakaṇḍūkledakrimīṇi dāhabhedanistoda(pāka)bahulāni śūkopahatopamavedanānyutsannamadhyāni tanuparyantāni karkaśapiḍakācitāni dīrghaparimaṇḍalānyṛṣyajihvākṛtīni ṛṣyajihvānīti vidyāt; > One should recognise as ṛṣyajihva those that are rough, reddish-brown, dark grey outside and inside, with a bluish, yellow, or copper hue, fast in progress and onset, with little itching, moisture, and organisms, abundant in burning, tearing pain, piercing pain, and suppuration, with pain resembling the sting of a bristled caterpillar, raised in the centre, thin at the borders, studded with hard papules, oblong-circular, and having the shape of a blue-bull's tongue. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_5) śuklaraktāvabhāsāni raktaparyantāni raktarājīsirāsantatānyutsedhavanti bahubahalaraktapūyalasīkāni kaṇḍūkrimidāhapākavantyāśugatisamutthānabhedīni puṇḍarīkapalāśasaṃkāśāni puṇḍarīkāṇīti vidyāt; > One should recognise as puṇḍarīka those that have a white-red appearance, red borders, spread over with red streaks and sirās, elevated, having abundant and thick blood, pus, and lymph, accompanied by itching, organisms, burning, and suppuration, fast in progress, onset, and ulceration, and resembling the petal of a white lotus. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_6) &paruṣāruṇāni viśīrṇabahistanūnyantaḥsnigdhāni śuklaraktāvabhāsāni bahūnyalpavedanānyalpakaṇḍūdāhapūyalasīkāni laghusamutthānānyalpabhedakrimīṇyalābupuṣpasaṅkāśāni sidhmakuṣṭhānīti vidyāt; > One should recognise as sidhmakuṣṭha those that are rough and reddish-brown, shedding external scales, unctuous inside, having a white-red appearance, extensive, with little pain, with little itching, burning, pus, and lymph, light in onset, with slight fissuring and few organisms, and resembling an alābū flower. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_7) kākaṇantikāvarṇānyādau paścāttu sarvakuṣṭhaliṅgasamanvitāni &pāpīyasā sarvakuṣṭhaliṅgasaṃbhavenānekavarṇāni kākaṇānīti vidyāt/ > One should recognise as kākaṇaka those that initially have the colour of a guñjā berry, but later possess the signs of all kuṣṭhas, and variegated in colour due to the more grievous manifestation of the symptoms of all kuṣṭhas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.8\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.8_1) tānyasādhyāni, sādhyāni punaritarāṇi// > These are incurable; the others, on the other hand, are curable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.9) tatra yadasādhyaṃ tadasādhyatāṃ nātivartate, sādhyaṃ punaḥ kiṃcit sādhyatāmativartate kadācidapacārāt/ > Among them, that which is incurable does not transcend incurability; but that which is curable sometimes transcends curability through dietary and behavioral misconduct. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.9\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.9_1) sādhyāni hi ṣaṭ kākaṇakavarjyānyacikitsyamānānyapacārato vā doṣairabhiṣyandamānānyasādhyatāmupayānti// > For the six curable ones, excluding kākaṇaka, if left untreated or through misconduct, being inundated by the doshas, arrive at incurability. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.10) sādhyānāmapi hyupekṣyamāṇānāṃ tvaṅmāṃsaśoṇitalasīkākothakledasaṃsvedajāḥ krimayo 'abhimūrcchanti; te bhakṣayantastvagādīn &doṣāḥ punardūṣayanta imānupadravān pṛthak pṛthagutpādayanti---tatra vātaḥ śyāvāruṇavarṇaṃ paruṣatāmapi ca raukṣyaśūlaśoṣatodavepathuharṣasaṅkocāyāsastambhasuptibhedabhaṅgān, pittaṃ dāhasvedakledakothasrāvapākarāgān, śleṣmā tvasya śvaityaśaityakaṇḍūsthairyagauravotsedhopasnehopalepān, krimayastu tvagādīṃścaturaḥ sirāḥ snāyūścāsthīnyapi &taruṇānyādadate// > For even among the curable forms, if neglected, worms arise born of the putrefaction, moisture, and sweat of the skin, flesh, blood, and lymph; they, devouring the skin and other \[tissues\], while the doshas vitiate further, generate these complications individually: there, vāta produces a dusky and reddish colour, roughness, dryness, colic, emaciation, piercing pain, tremor, horripilation, contraction, exhaustion, stiffness, numbness, splitting pain, and cracking; pitta produces burning, sweating, moistness, putrefaction, exudation, suppuration, and redness; while phlegm produces whiteness, coldness, itching, firmness, heaviness, elevated swelling, unctuousness, and coating; and the worms consume the four \[tissues\] beginning with skin, as well as the sirās, ligaments, and even tender bones. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.11) asyāṃ caivāvasthāyāmupadravāḥ kuṣṭhinaṃ spṛśanti; tadyathā---prasravaṇamaṅgabhedaḥ patanānyaṅgāvayavānāṃ tṛṣṇājvarātīsāradāhadaurbalyārocakāvipākāśca, tathāvidhamasādhyaṃ vidyāditi// > And in this very stage, complications afflict the patient with kuṣṭha; that is to say: discharge, cracking of the limbs, falling off of bodily components, thirst, fever, diarrhoea, burning, weakness, anorexia, and indigestion; one should know \[a condition\] of that kind to be incurable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.12) bhavanti cātra--- > And on this point there are \[verses\]: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.12\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.12_1) sādhyo 'ayamiti yaḥ pūrvaṃ naro rogamupekṣate/ sa kiṃcitkālamāsādya mṛta evāvabudhyate// > A man who previously neglects a disease, thinking, 'This is curable,' > arriving after some time, wakes up as if already dead. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.13) yastu prāgeva rogebhyo rogeṣu taruṇeṣu vā/ bheṣajaṃ kurute samyak sa ciraṃ sukhamaśnute// > He, however, who applies medicine properly even before diseases \[arise\] > or when diseases are tender, enjoys happiness for a long time. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.14) yathā hyalpena yatnena chidyate taruṇastṣaruḥ/ sa evātipravṛddhastu chidyate 'atiprayatnataḥ// > For just as a tender tree is cut down with little effort, > that very tree, when excessively grown, is cut down only with excessive effort, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.15) evameva vikāro 'api taruṇaḥ sādhyate sukham/ vivṛddhaḥ sādhyate kṛcchrādasādhyo vā 'api jāyate// > in the very same way, an illness when tender is cured with ease; > grown severe, it is cured with difficulty or even becomes incurable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.16) tatra ślokaḥ--- > There is a verse on this point: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.16\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.16_1) saṃkhyā dravyāṇi doṣāśca hetavaḥ pūrvalakṣaṇam/ rūpāṇyupadravāścoktāḥ kuṣṭhānāṃ kauṣṭhike pṛthak// > The enumeration, pathogenic materials, doshas, causes, premonitory symptoms, > manifestations, and complications of the kuṣṭhas have been stated individually in \[this chapter on\] kuṣṭha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.5.16\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5.16_2) ityagniveśakṛte tantre carakapratisaṃskṛte nidānasthāne kuṣṭhanidānaṃ nāma pañcamo 'adhyāyaḥ//5// > Thus, in the treatise composed by Agniveśa, redacted by Caraka, in the section on etiology, the fifth chapter named 'The Etiology of Kuṣṭha' \[is completed\]. //5 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka~en-mt.2.5.1) — English, machine translation ## Commentaries (1) - [Jalpakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka!gangadhara.6.1) — Gaṅgādhara Kaviratna 1860, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.samhita.caraka.2.5) · Pramāṇa