Kautilya's Arthashastra 2.34: Chapter 34 (Sections 52; 53): The Superintendent of Passports; The Superintendent of Pastures

2.34.1

mudrādhyakṣo mudrāṃ māṣakeṇa dadyāt //

THE Superintendent of Passports shall issue passes at the rate of a masha per pass. Whoever is provided with a pass shall be at liberty to enter into, or go out of, the country. Whoever, being a native of the country enters into or goes out of the country without a pass shall be fined 12 panas. He shall be punished with the first amercement for producing a false pass. A foreigner guilty of the same offence shall be punished with the highest amercement.

2.34.2

sa-mudro janapadaṃ praveṣṭuṃ niṣkramituṃ vā labheta //

2.34.3

dvādaśapaṇam amudro jānapado dadyāt //

2.34.4

kūṭamudrāyāṃ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ tirojanapadasyottamaḥ //

2.34.5

vivītādhyakṣo mudrāṃ paśyet //

The superintendent of pasture lands shall examine passes.

2.34.6

grāmāntareṣu ca vivītaṃ sthāpayet //

Pasture grounds shall be opened between any two dangerous places.

2.34.7

coravyālabhayānnimnāraṇyāni śodhayet //

Valleys shall be cleared from the fear of thieves, elephants, and other beasts.

2.34.8

anudake kūpasetubandhotsān sthāpayet, puṣpaphalavāṭāṃś ca //

In barren tracts of the country, there shall be constructed not only tanks, buildings for shelter, and wells, but also flower gardens and fruit gardens.

2.34.9

lubdhakaśvagaṇinaḥ parivrajeyur araṇyāni //

Hunters with their hounds shall reconnoitre forests. At the approach of thieves or enemies, they shall so hide themselves by ascending trees or mountains as to escape from the thieves, and blow conch-shells or beat drums. As to the movements of enemies or wild tribes, they may send information by flying the pigeons of royal household with passes (mudrá) or causing fire and smoke at successive distances.

2.34.10

taskarāmitrābhyāgame śaṅkhadundubhiśabdam agrāhyāḥ kuryuḥ śailavṛkṣādhirūḍhā vā śīghravāhanā vā //

2.34.11

amitrāṭavīsaṃcāraṃ ca rājño gṛhakapotair mudrāyuktair hārayet, dhūmāgniparamparayā vā //

2.34.12

dravyahastivanājīvaṃ vartanīṃ corarakṣaṇam /
sārthātivāhyaṃ gorakṣyaṃ vyavahāraṃ ca kārayet //E

It shall be his duty to protect timber and elephant forests, to keep roads in good repair, to arrest thieves, to secure the safety of mercantile traffic, to protect cows, and to conduct the transaction of the people.