[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Times of rites](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala) › [Determination of lunar days](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi) › [Tithyarka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka) › 2.p1 # Tithyarka 2.p1 Tithyarka 2.p1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [2.p1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.1) ayaṃ vedhaḥ prātareva | sāyaṃ tu trimuhūrtāyā eva titheḥ sarvatra grāhyatvābhidhānāt taduktaṃ skānde— “yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya yātyastaṃ padminīpatiḥ sā tithistaddine proktā trimuhūrttāaiva yā bhavet ||” iti asyāṃ cābhyaṅgo nityaḥ, pūrvoktavākyāt | pratipacchukreṇa siddhā, budhabhaumābhyāṃ viruddhā | yoginyasyāṃ pūrvasyām | iti pratipannirṇatā— atha dvitīyā nirṇīyate | sā śuklā paraviddhā grāhyā, yugmāgnīti vacanāt | kṛṣṇā pūrvaviddhā grāhyā, “dvitīyā pratipadyutā” ityāpastambavacanāt | upavāse tu sarvāpi dvitīyā paraiva taduktaṃ viṣṇudharmottare— “ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī dvitīyā ca caturdaśī trayodaśī amāvāsyā upoṣyāḥ syuḥ parānvitāḥ ||” iti caitraśukladvitīyāyāmumāpūjāgnipūjā ca kāryetyuktaṃ bhaviṣye— “caitraśuklādvitīyāyāmumāpūjā phalārthibhiḥ śivapūjā'gnipūjā ca karttavyā munisattama ||” iti devīpurāṇe'pi— “umāṃ śivaṃ hutāśaṃ ca dvitīyāyāṃ prapūjayet haviṣyamannaṃ naivedyaṃ deyaṃ gandhārcanānvitam phalamāpnoti viprendra ! sarvaṛtusamudbhavam ||” iti jyeṣṭhaśukladvitīyā sopapadā | taduktaṃ kālikādarśe— "sitā jyeṣṭhadvitīyā ca āśvine daśamī sitā caturthī dvādaśī māghe etāḥ sopapadāḥ smṛtāḥ ||" "yugādiṣu ca sarvāsu tathā manvantarādiṣu anadhyāyaṃ prakurvīta tathā sopapadā tithau ||" iti "āṣāḍhasya site pakṣe dvitīyā puṣyasaṃyutā tasyāṃ rathe samāropya rāmaṃ vai bhadrayā saha yātrotsavaṃ pravartyātha prīṇayeta dvijān bahūn ṛkṣābhāve tithau kāryā yātrā sā prītaye mama ||" iti "kṛṣṇāṣṭamī bṛhattalpā sāvitrī vaṭapaitrikī kāmatrayodaśī rambhā upoṣyā pūrvasaṃyutā ||" iti ### [2.p1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.2) "caturṣvapi pakṣeṣu māseṣu śrāvaṇādiṣu aśūnyākhyaṃ vrataṃ kuryājjastateyathā tu phalādhikam ||" iti jayā tṛtīyā | kārtikaśukladvitīyā yamadvitīyācyate | sā'parāhnavyāpinī grāhyā, karmakālavākyāt | taduktaṃ hemādrau skānde"ūrje śukladvitīyāyāmaparāhne'rcayedyamam snānaṃ kṛtvā bhānujāyāṃ yamalokaṃ na paśyati ūrje śukladvitīyāyāṃ pūjitastarpito yamaḥ veṣṭitaḥ kinnarairhṛṣṭaistasmai yacchati vāñchitam ||” iti dinadvaye karmakālavyāptāvavyāptau vā sāmānyanirṇayo'vaseyaḥ | gauḍāstu viśeṣamāhuḥ"yamaṃ ca citraguptaṃ ca yamadūtāṃśca pūjayet citraguptasya pūjāṃ ca kuryād jñānasya vṛddhaye masīpātraṃ lekhanīṃ ca pūjayecca prayatnataḥ sarvān kāmānavāpnoti yamalokaṃ na paśyati ||” iti asyāṃ bhaginīgṛhe bhoktavyamityuktaṃ bhaviṣye"kārtike śuklapakṣasya dvitīyāyāṃ yudhiṣṭhira ! yamo yamunayā pūrvaṃ bhojitāḥ svagṛhe'rcitaḥ ato yamadvitīyeyaṃ triṣu lokeṣu viśrutā asyāṃ nijagṛhe vipra ! na bhoktavyaṃ tato naraiḥ snehena bhaginīhastādbhoktavyaṃ puṣṭivarddhanam dānāni ca pradeyāni bhaginībhyo viśeṣataḥ svarṇālaṅkāravastrānnapūjāsatkārabhojanaiḥ sarvā bhaginyaḥ sampūjyā abhāve pratipannakā ||” iti pratipannakā matā bhaginya iti hemādrirūce brahmāṇḍe'pi— “yā tu bhojayate nārī bhrātaraṃ yugmake tithau arccayeccāpi tāmbūlairna sā vaidhavyamāpnuyāt bhrāturāyuḥkṣayo rājan na bhavettasya karhicit |” caitrakṛṣṇadvitīyāyāṃ kāmamahotsava ukto bhaviṣye— “tataḥ prātardvitīyāyāṃ putramitrādisaṃyutaḥ nṛpatirvitate deśe vitānavaraśobhite nṛtyagītavinodaiśca kuryātkāmamahotsavam ### [2.p1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.3) evaṃ kurvannavāpnoti yāvatsaṃvatsaraṃ sukham ||” iti tataḥ pratipadyutsavānantaramityarthaḥ | ayaṃ cotsavaḥ pūrvaviddhāyāmeva, “pratipatsadvitīyā syād dvitīyā pratipadyutā” iti vakṣyamāṇayugmavākyāt | dvitīyā budhena siddhā | śukreṇa viruddhā atra yoginyuttarasyām | iti dvitīyā nirṇītā atha tṛtīyā nirṇīyate | sā tu paraiva | taduktaṃ brahmavaivarte— “rambhākhyāṃ varjayitvaikāṃ tṛtīyāṃ dvijasattama ! anyeṣu śubhakāryeṣu gaṇayuktā praśasyate ||” iti 'gaṇa:' caturthī | yugmavākyantu rambhāviṣayaṃ sarvaviṣayatve tūdāhṛtavacanavirodhastasmādrambhātrata eva pūrvā, anyā sarvāpyuttaraiva upavāse'pyayameva nirṇayaḥ | taduktaṃ viṣṇudharmottare"ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī paurṇamāsī caturdaśī amāvāsyā tṛtīyā ca tā upoṣyā parānvitā ||” iti caitraśuklatṛtīyāyāṃ dolotsava ukto rāmārcanacandrikāyāṃ gāruḍe"caitre māsi site pakṣe tṛtīyāyāṃ ramāpatim dolārūḍhaṃ samabhyarcya māsamāndolayetkalau ||” iti gaurītṛtīyā iyameva | asyāṃ gaurīmīśvarayutāṃ sampūjya dolotsavaṃ kuryāt | taduktaṃ devīpurāṇe"tṛtīyāyāṃ yajeddevī śaṅkareṇa samanvitām āndolayettato vatsa ! śivayā sahitaṃ śivam ||” iti asyāmeva madanaratne kālottare gaurīvratamuktam" caitraśuklatṛtīyāyāṃ vrataṃ gauryāḥ samācaret ||” iti atra muhūrtamātrāpi parā grāhyā | tadāha mādhavaḥ"muhūrtamātrasattve'pi dine gaurīvrataṃ pare śuddhādhikāyāmapyevaṃ gaṇayogapraśaṃsanāt ||” iti skānde'pi"kalā kāṣṭhāpi vā caiva dvitīyā saṃpradṛśyate sā tṛtīyā na kartavyā kartavyā gaṇasaṃyutā ||” iti ### [2.p1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.4) yadā tūttaradine svalpāpi tṛtīyā na labhyate, tadā dvitīyāviddhaiva kāryā; "ekādaśī tṛtīyā ca ṣaṣṭhī caiva trayodaśī pūrvaviddhaiva kartavyā yadi na syātpare'hani ||" iti vṛddhavasiṣṭhokteḥ | atra saubhāgyavratamuktaṃ mātsye— "vasantamāsamāsādya tṛtīyāyāṃ janapriye ! saubhāgyāya sadā strībhiḥ kāryaṃ putrasukhepsubhiḥ ||" iti matsyajayantyapīyameva, "matsyo'bhūddhataṛgdine madhusite" iti vākyāt vaiśākhaśuklatṛtīyā'kṣayatṛtīyeocyate | taduktaṃ bhaviṣye— "yā tveṣā kuruśārdūla ! vaiśākhe tu mahātithiḥ tṛtīyā sā'kṣayā loke gīrvāṇairabhivanditā yatkiñciddīyate dānaṃ svalpaṃ vā yadi vā bahu tatsarvamakṣayaṃ yasmātteneyamakṣayā smṛtā ||" iti iyaṃ yugādiḥ | sā pūrvāhnavyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ nāradīye— "dve śukle dve tathā kṛṣṇe yugādī kavayo viduḥ śukle paurvāhnike grāhye kṛṣṇe caivāparāhnike ||" iti vaiśākhaśuklatṛtīyā kārttikaśuklanavamīti śuklayugādī, bhādrakṛṣṇatrayodaśī māghamāsasyāmeti dve kṛṣṇayugādī | pramāṇavacanaṃ tu navamīprakaraṇe vakṣyate | atra pūrvāhnāparāhnaśabdābhyāṃ dvedhā vibhāgaḥ pratīyate | sa ca skānde darśitaḥ— “āvarttanāttu pūrvāhno hyaparāhnastataḥ paraḥ ||” iti dinadvaye tattve paraiva | ‘yugādyā varṣavṛddhiśca’ iti vakṣyamāṇavacanāt, śrāddhe'pi śuklā pūrvāhnavyāpinī grāhyā, “pūrvāhne tu sadā grāhyāḥ śuklā manuyugādayaḥ daive karmmaṇi pitrye ca kṛṣṇe caivāparāhvikāḥ ||” iti gāruḍāt | yugādimanvādiśrāddheṣu śuklapakṣa udayavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā, kṛṣṇapakṣe'parāhnavyāpinīti smṛtyarthasārācca atra pitṛprītyarthaṃ kumbhadānamuktaṃ samayamayūkhe devīpurāṇe— ### [2.p1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.5) “tṛtīyāyāṃ tu vaiśākhe rohiṇyarkṣe prapūjya tu udakumbhapradānena śivaloke mahīyate ||” kumbhadāne mantraḥ— “eṣa dharmaghaṭo datto brahmaviṣṇuśivātmakaḥ asya pradānāt tṛpyantu pitaro hi pitāmahāḥ gandhodakatilairmiśraṃ sānnaṃ kumbhaṃ sadakṣiṇam pitṛbhyaḥ sampradāsyāmi akṣayyamupatiṣṭhatu ||” iti etadasambhave govindārṇave viṣṇupurāṇe— “pānīyamapyatra tilairvimiśraṃ dadyāt pitṛbhyaḥ prayato manuṣyaḥ śrāddhaṃ kṛtaṃ tena samāḥ sahasraṃ rahasyametanmunayo vadanti ||” iti asyāṃ trilocanayātroktā kāśīkhaṇḍe— “rādhaśuklatṛtīyāyāṃ snātvā paillippile hṛde santarpayet pitṝn devān trilocanamathārcayet ||” iti iyameva paraśurāmajayantī | sā pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ skānde— “vaiśākhasya site pakṣe tṛtīyāyāṃ punarvasau niśāyāṃ prathame yāme rāmākhyaḥ sa mahāhariḥ svoccagaiḥ sadgrahairyukte mithune rāhusaṃyute reṇukāyāstu yo garbhādavatīrṇo hariḥ svayam ||” iti dinadvaye tadvyāptau tūttarā | anyathā pūrvaiva | taduktaṃ bhaviṣye— “śuklā tṛtīyā vaiśākhe śuddhopoṣyā dinadvaye niśāyāṃ pūrvayāme ceduttarā'nyatra pūrvikā ||” iti dinadvaye niśāyāmityanvayaḥ | yadā vaiśākhe malamāsastadā yugādiprayuktaṃ kāryaṃ mala eva karttavyam, “daśaharāsu notkarṣaścaturṣvapi yugādiṣu |” iti ṛṣyaśṛṅgavacanāditi hemādryādayo vadanti | smṛticandrikāyāṃ viśeṣaḥ— “yaugādikaṃ māsikaṃ ca śrāddhaṃ cāparapakṣikam manvādikaṃ tairthikaṃ ca kuryānmāsadvaye'pi ca ||” iti āparapakṣikaṃ kṛṣṇapakṣasambhavaṃ na tu mahālayaśrāddham, ‘na kuryādbhānusaṅghitaḥ’ ityādinā tanniṣedhāt ### [2.p1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.6) jyeṣṭhaśuklatṛtīyāyāṃ rambhāvratamuktaṃ mādhavīye bhaviṣye— “bhadre ! kuruṣva yatnena rambhākhyaṃ vratamuttamam jyeṣṭhaśuklatṛtīyāyāṃ snātā niyamatatparā ||” iti sā tatra pūrvaviddhā grāhyā, “bṛhattalpā tathā rambhā sāvitrī vaṭapaitrikī kṛṣṇāṣṭamī ca bhūtā ca kartavyā saṃmukhī tithiḥ ||” iti skāndāt | saṃmukhī sāyāhnavyāpinī pūrvaviddheti yāvat bhādrakṛṣṇatṛtīyāyāṃ viśālākṣīyātrā kāryā | rātrau jāgaraṇavidhānādiyaṃ rātrivyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ kāśīkhaṇḍe— “bhādrakṛṣṇatṛtīyāyāmupavāsaparairnaraiḥ kṛtvā jāgaraṇaṃ rātrau viśālākṣīsamīpataḥ ||” iti iyameva kajjalī, “bhādrasya kajjalī kṛṣṇā śuklā ca haritālikā ||” iti divodāsodāhṛtavacanāt | bhādraśuklatṛtīyā haritālikā, pūrvoktavacanāt | iyaṃ muhūrtamātrāpi gaurīvratatvāt parayutā grāhyā, “muhūrtamātrasattve'pi dine gaurīvrataṃ pare ||” iti mādhavavacanāt | iyaṃ manvādiḥ, vakṣyamāṇavacanāt | āśvinakṛṣṇatṛtīyāyāṃ lalitādevyā yātroktā kāśīkhaṇḍe— “īśakṛṣṇatṛtīyāyāṃ lalitāṃ pratipūjya vai nārī vā puruṣo vāpi labhate vāñchitaṃ phalam ||” iti atra gaṇayuktā grāhyā, ‘rambhākhyāṃ varjayitvaikām’ iti pūrvamuktatvāt tṛtīyā bhaumena siddhā, budhena viruddhā | asyāṃ yoginyāgneyyām | iti tṛtīyā nirṇītā atha caturthī nirṇīyate | sā paraviddhā grāhyā, yugmavākyāt upavāse'pi paraiva, "ekādaśī tathā ṣaṣṭhī amāvāsyā caturthikā upoṣyāḥ parasaṃyuktāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ ||" iti mādhavīyavṛddhavasiṣṭhavākyāt | vināyakavrate tu tṛtīyāyutaiva | taduktaṃ madanaratne brahmavaivarte— "caturthī tu tṛtīyāyāṃ mahāpuṇyaphalapradā ### [2.p1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.7) karttavyā vratibhirvatsa ! gaṇanāyasutoṣiṇī ||" iti caitraśuklacaturthī vighnanāśinī | tatra laḍ‌ḍukairgaṇeśaṃ pūjayedityuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte devīpurāṇe caturthīprakaraṇe— "gaṇeśaṃ kārayetpūjāṃ laḍ‌ḍukādibhirādarāt caturthyāṃ vighnanāśāya sarvakāmārthasiddhaye ||" iti gaṇeśamiti ṣaṣṭhyarthe dvitīyā | jyeṣṭhaśuklacaturthyāṃ strībhiḥ saubhāgyavṛddhaye umā pūjyetyuktaṃ bhaviṣye— "jyeṣṭhaśuklacaturthyāṃ tu jātā pūrvamumā satī tasmātsā tatra sampūjyā strībhiḥ saubhāgyavṛddhaye ||" iti atra sāmānyanirṇayaḥ | śrāvaṇakṛṣṇacaturthī saṅkaṭacaturthītyucyate | taduktaṃ skānde— "śrāvaṇe bahule pakṣe. caturthyāṃ ca vidhūdaye tasmin dine vrataṃ kāryaṃ saṃkaṣṭākhyaṃ sureśvari ! ||" iti śrāvaṇo'trāmānto jñeyaḥ, cāndramāsasya mukhyatvāt | vidhuścandraḥ etasmādeva vacanādiyaṃ candrodayavyāpinī grāhyā | "dinadvaye candrodaye sattve'sattve vā mātṛviddhā praśasyate" iti vākyaśeṣāt pūrvaiva | bhādrakṛṣṇacaturthī bahulāvrate pūrvaiva, pañcamīyuktāniṣedhāt taduktaṃ madanaratne purāṇasamuccaye— "gauryāścaturthī vaṭadhenupūjā durgārcanaṃ durbharaholikā ca vatsasya pūjā śivarātriretāḥ parānvitā ghnanti nṛpaṃ sarāṣṭram ||" iti | atra dhenupūjeti bahulā caturthī gṛhyate | iyaṃ madhyadeśe prasiddhā | bhādraśuklacaturthī siddhivināyakavrate— "prātaḥ śuklatilaiḥ snātvā madhyāhne pūjayennṛpa" iti vacanāt | madhyāhnasya pūjākālatvāt madhyāhnavyāpinyeva grāhyā bṛhaspatirapi— "caturthī gaṇanāyasya mātṛviddhā praśasyate madhyāhnavyāpinī cetsyātparataścetpare'hani ||" iti ### [2.p1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.8) "dinadvaye tadvyāptāvavyāptau vā mātṛviddhā praśasyate" iti vākyāt pūrvaiva | paredyureva yadā madhyāhnavyāpinī, tadā mātṛviddhatvaguṇābhāve'pi pradhānaprayojakānusāreṇa paraiva grāhyā, "mātṛviddhā praśastā syāccaturthī gaṇanāyake madhyāhnātparataścetsyānnāgaviddhā praśasyate ||” iti mādhavīyasmṛtyantarāt | yadobhayadine'pi vaiṣamyeṇa madhyāhnakadeśavyāpinī, tadā pūrvadine tanmahattvaṃ cet, saiva grāhyā | uttaradine tanmahattve kiṃ mahattvaguṇopetopādeyā ? kiṃ vā mātṛviddhatvaguṇopetā pūrvopādeyā ? iti saṃśaye pūrvaiveti pratīmaḥ, nyāyādvācanikasya mātṛviddhatvaguṇasya balīyastvāt | atra candradarśananiṣedhamāha parāśaraḥ— “kanyāditye caturthyāṃ tu śukle candrasya darśanam mithyābhidūṣaṇaṃ kuryādrātrau paśyenna taṃ sadā taddoṣaśāntaye siṃhaḥ prasenamivita vai paṭhet |” iti atra rātrigrahaṇād divā candradarśane na doṣa iti nirṇayāmṛtakārādayaḥ | yuktaṃ tu— “bhādre māsi site pakṣe caturthī svātiyoginī mithyābhiśāpaṃ kurute dṛṣṭacandrā na saṃśayaḥ ||” iti mārkaṇḍeyādivacanāntareṣu caturthīmātragrahaṇāddivāpi candro na draṣṭavya iti pratibhāti | pramādāccandradarśane taddoṣaśāntyarthaṃ prāṅmukha udaṅmukho vā paurāṇaṃ vākyaṃ paṭhet | tacca— “siṃhaḥ prasenamavadhīt siṃho jāmbavatā hataḥ sukumārakamārodīstava hyeṣa syamantakaḥ ||” iti iyaṃ bhaumenā'rkeṇa vā yuktā'tipraśastetyuktaṃ govindārṇave vārāhe— “bhādraśuklacaturthī yā bhaumenā'rkeṇa vā yutā mahatī sā'tra vighneśamarcitveṣṭaṃ labhennaraḥ ||” iti iyameva śivāravyetyuktaṃ bhaviṣye— ### [2.p1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.9) "śivā śāntā sukhā rājan ! caturthī trividhā smṛtā māsi bhādrapade śuklā śivalokamapūjitā tasyāṃ snānaṃ tathā dānamupavāso japastathā kriyamāṇaṃ śataguṇaṃ prasādāddantino nṛpa ! ||" iti "caturthyā mārgaśīrṣe tu śuklapakṣe nṛpottama ! prārabhya pratimāsaṃ ca caturthyā gaṇanāyakam sampūjya vidhinā kuryādekabhaktaṃ samāhitaḥ akṣāralavaṇaṃ tvevaṃ pūrṇe saṃvatsare tataḥ dvitīye vatsare cā'tha naktaṃ prati caturthikām kuryād gaṇeśamabhyarcya tṛtīye'yācitaṃ tathā evameva prakurvīta caturthe syādupoṣaṇam tataścaturthe sampūro tadudyāpanamācaret idaṃ varacaturthyākhyaṃ vrataṃ sarvārthasādhakam ||" iti "dinārddhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat ekabhaktamiti proktaṃ nyūnaṃ grāsatrayeṇa tu ||" iti "bhojanaṃ tu vidhiprāptaṃ dvātriṃśadgrāsasaṃmitam |" 'tad grāsatrayeṇa nyūnam'—ityantyapādenocyate | tenaikabhakte ekonatriṃśad grāsā iti phalito'rthaḥ | bhojane dvātriṃśadgrāsādiniyamastu matkṛtācārākè draṣṭavyaḥ | padmapurāṇe— "madhyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhaktavrate tithiḥ” | iti baudhāyano'pi— "udaye tūpavāsasya naktasyāstamaye tithiḥ madhyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhaktavrate tithiḥ ||” iti atra tredhā vibhaktasyāhno madhyamabhāgo madhyāhnaḥ, “pūrvāhṇe devā aśanamabhiharanti madhyandine manuṣyā aparāhṇe pitaraḥ” iti śruteḥ | tatrāpi dinārddhottaramavaśiṣṭaṃ madhyāhnabhāge kāryam, ‘dinārddhasamaye'tīte’ iti devalokteḥ | dinadvaye'pi madhyāhnavyāptāvekadeśasamavyāptau vā yugmavākyānnirṇayaḥ | ayañca nirṇayaḥ svatantraikabhaktaviṣayaḥ | anyavratāṅgabhūtamekabhaktaṃ tattithāveva ### [2.p1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.10) bhavati | dvitīye naktamuktam, taccāharaśanaṃ varjayitvā rātrau bhoktavyamiti niyamasvarūpam | tatkālamāha vyāsaḥ— “trimuhūrtapradoṣaḥ syād bhānāvastaṃ gate sati naktaṃ tatra prakurvīta iti śāstrasya niścayaḥ ||” iti naktaśabdo bhojanaparaḥ | atra kecit— “catvārīmāni karmāṇi sandhyāyāṃ parivarjayet āhāraṃ maithunaṃ nidrāṃ svādhyāyaṃ ca caturthakam ||” iti vacanāt—“sāyaṃ sandhyā trighaṭikā hyastādupari bhāskaraḥ” iti skāndoktasandhyāyāṃ bhoja ṃ niṣiddha mityāhuḥ, tadaśuddham, sūryanakṣatravarjitakālarūpamukhyasaṃdhyākālatyāge mānābhāvāt tadāha yogiyājñavalkyaḥ— “ahorātrasya yaḥ sandhiḥ sūryanakṣatravarjitaḥ sā tu sandhyā samākhyātā ṛṣibhistattvadarśibhiḥ||” iti hemādrau smṛtyantare'pi— “nakṣatradarśanātsandhyā sāyaṃ tatatparataḥ sthitam tatparā rajanī yā tatra dharmān vivarjayet ||” iti astu vā ghaṭikātrayaṃ sandhyāpadavācyam | tathāpi tatra rāgaprāptaṃ bhoja ṃ niṣiddham, natu vaidham, vidhispṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśāt etena parvādirātrabhojananiṣedho'pi pratyuktaḥ vatsaḥ— “pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā sadā naktavrate tithiḥ ekādaśīṃ vinā sarvā śukle kṛṣṇe viśeṣataḥ ||” iti harinaktavrate tūdayavyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ mādhavīye skānde— “pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā sadā naktavrate tithiḥ udayasthā sadā pūjyā harinaktavrate tithiḥ ||” iti yadā naktatithiḥ pūrvāṃ parayorahnaḥ pradoṣaṃ vyāpnoti, tadā parā grāhyā, “yadi syādubhayostithyoḥ” iti vakṣyamāṇajābālivacanāt | yadobhayatrāpi na pradoṣavyāpinī, tadāpi paraiva grāhyā parantu divaiva ātmacchāyādvaiguṇyakāle naktaṃ kāryaṃ na rātrau ### [2.p1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.11) taduktaṃ skānde— yadā naktatithiḥ pūrvadine pradoṣe sampūrṇā, paradine tatra svalpā, tadāpi paraiva grāhyā; naktasya divārātrivratatvena divārātrispṛśi tattattithau karttavyatvāt saptamī bhānuvārādau sauranaktavrate tu sumantuḥ— bhojanakālaḥ kaurme— sauranaktaṃ bhaviṣyatpurāṇe darśitam— yatervidhavāyāśca divaiva naktamuktaṃ smṛtyantare— “naktaṃ niśāyāṃ kurvīta gṛhastho vidhisaṃyutaḥ yatiśca vidhavā caiva kuryāttu sadivākaram sadivākaraṃ tu tatproktamantime ghaṭikādvaye |” iti “haviṣyabhojanaṃ snānaṃ satyamāhāralāghavam agnikāryamadhaḥśayyāṃ naktabhojī ṣaḍācaret ||” “ekabhaktāyācitayoryā triṃśaddhaṭikāvadhiḥ sā tithiḥ sarvadā jñeyā nakte sāyāhnasaṃyutā ||” iti “māghe māse kṛṣṇapakṣe caturthyāṃ vratamuttamam pratimāsaṃ prakurvīta vrataṃ saṅkaṣṭanāśanam ||” iti māghakṛṣṇacaturthyāṃ vratārambhaṃ kṛtvā pratimāsaṃ kāryamityarthaḥ | iyaṃ candrodayavyāpinī grāhyā, “pūjā vidhūdaye kāryā sindūreṇa prapūjayet |” iti tatraivokteḥ | māghaḥ pūrvoktarītyā cāndro bodhyaḥ | māghaśuklacaturthī tilacaturthī | taduktaṃ kāśīkhaṇḍe— “māghaśuklacaturthyāntu naktavrataparāyaṇaḥ ye tvāṃ dhuṇḍe'rcayiṣyanti te'rcyāḥ syurasuradruhām vidhāya vārṣikīṃ yātrāṃ caturthī prāpya tāpasīm śuklān tilān guḍairbaddhā prāśnīyāllaḍḍu kān vratī |” iyaṃ pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā, naktagrahaṇāt | tāpasīṃ māghīm iyameva kundacaturthītyuktaṃ devīpurāṇe— “māghamāse tu samprāpte caturthīkundasaṃjñitā sā tūpoṣyā suraśreṣṭha ! tato rājyaṃ bhaviṣyati ||” iti atha phālgunādicaturṣu māseṣu caturthīvratamuktaṃ vārāhapurāṇe— ### [2.p1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.12) “atha vighnavrataṃ rājan ! kathayāmi śṛṇuṣva tat caturthyāṃ phālgune māsi gṛhītavyaṃ vrataṃ tvidam naktāhāreṇa rājendra ! tilānnaṃ pāraṇaṃ smṛtam tadaivāgnau ca hotavyaṃ taddeyaṃ brāhmaṇesu ca cāturmāsyavrataṃ caiva kṛtvaivaṃ pañcame tathā sauvarṇaṃ gajavaktraṃ tu kṛtvā viprāya dāpayet evaṃ kṛtvā vrataṃ caiva sarvavighnairvimucyate |” pūjādimantrastatraiva— “divyāya śūraṃāya gajānanāya lambodarāyaikadadābhidhāya nāgātmajādehasamudbhavāya kuṭhārahastāya namo varāya ||” anena mantreṇa pūjāṃ kṛtvā, svāhāntena tilān hutvā, brāhmaṇebhyo'pi datvā, svayamapi tadeva naktakāle'śnīyāt | ante sauvarṇī pratimāṃ sampūjya brāhmaṇāya dadyāt | atrāviśeṣād vratārambhe śuklacaturthī grāhyā | etāni vratānyapyaviśeṣāt ‘caturthī tu tṛtīyāyām’ iti sāmānyavākyāt tṛtīyāyuktacaturthyāṃ kāryāṇi | caturthī śanivāreṇa siddhā | guruvāreṇa viruddhā yoginyatra nairṛtyām | iti caturthī nirṇītā atha pañcamī nirṇīyate | sā tu caturthīyutaiva grāhyā, ‘yugmāgnīti’ vacanāt; “pañcamī tu tathā kāryā caturthīsaṃyutā vibho !” iti mādhavīye skāndavākyācca | atra hemādrimate kṛṣṇā pañcamī pūrvā, sitā parā, “kṛṣṇā pūrvayutā sitā parayutā syāt pañcamī” iti dīpikokteḥ | tadidaṃ hemādrimataṃ śithilam, “caturthīsaṃyutā kāryā pañcamī parayā na tu daive karmaṇi pitrye ca śuklapakṣe tathā'site ||” iti mādhavamadanaratnādisarvanibandhakāralikhitahārītavacanāt “pañcamī tu prakarttavyā ṣaṣṭhyā yuktā tu nārada |” iti brahmavaivartavacanaṃ tat— “skandopavāse svīkāryyā pañcamī parasaṃyutā ### [2.p1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.13) trimuhūrttā tu ṣaṣṭhyāṃ syāt parā pūrvayutā'nyathā ||” iti tatraivoktatvātskandopavāsaviṣayam na ca yugmavacanaṃ ‘pañcamī tu tathā’ iti skāndavacanaṃ kṛṣṇapañcamīviṣayam, ‘pañcamī tu prakarttavyā’ iti tu śuklapañcamīviṣayam, “śuklapakṣe tithirgrāhyā yasyāmabhyudito raviḥ kṛṣṇapakṣe tithirgrāhyā yasyāmastamito raviḥ ||” iti mārkaṇḍeyavacanādevaṃ vyavasthākartavyeti vācyam ; hārītena pakṣadvaye'pi caturthīviddhāyā eva pañcamyāḥ samādiṣṭatvāt | upavāse tu skandopavāsapañcamī vyatiriktā sarvvāpi pañcamī pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā, “pratipatpañcamī caiva upoṣyāḥ pūrvasaṃyutā |” iti jāvālivacanāt | upavāsastu sarvatithiṣu mādhavīye nāradīye darśitaḥ “śuklān vā yadi vā kṛṣṇān pratipatprabhṛtīṃstithīn upatargetopaṣyaiva baliṃ datvā vidhinetyapare dine brāhmaṇān bhojayitvā tu sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate |” iti caitraśuklapañcamyāṃ śrīpūjoktā hemādrau mātsye— “śuklāyāmatha pañcamyāṃ caitre māsi śubhānanā śrībrahmalokānmānuṣyaṃ samprāptā keśavājñayā tatastāṃ pūjayettatra yastaṃ lakṣmīrna muñcati |” iti iyaṃ kalpādirapi | kalpādyastu hemādrau mātsye— “vaiśākhasya tṛtīyā yā kṛṣṇā yā phālgunasya ca pañcamī caitramāsasya tasyaivāntyā tathā parā śuklā trayodaśī māghe kārtikasya tu saptamī navamī mārgaśīrṣasya saptaitāḥ saṃsmarāmyaham kalpānāmādayo hyetā dattasyākṣayakārakāḥ |” atrāviśeṣād yugādivannirṇayo jñeyaḥ | śrāvaṇaśuklapañcamī nāgapañcamī | sā paraviddhetyuktaṃ camatkāracintāmaṇau— “pañcamī nāgapūjāyāṃ kāryā ṣaṣṭhīsamanvitā tasyāṃ tu tuṣitā nāgā itarā sacaturthikā ||” iti ### [2.p1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.14) pratāpamārtaṇḍe smṛtyantare'pi— “śrāvaṇe pañcamī śuklā samproktā nāgapañcamī tāṃ parityajya pañcamyaścaturthīsahitā vibho ! ||” iti atra tāṃ parityajya caturthīyuktā grāhyetyuktyā nāgapañcamyāścaturthīviddhāyā niṣedhāvagamāt trimuhūrtacaturthīyuktā nāgapañcamīvyatiriktā sarvā pañcamī pūrvā, paredyustrimuhūrtā nāgapañcamī parā, anyathā pūrvaiva | atra nāgapūjanamuktaṃ govindārṇave bhaviṣye— “śrāvaṇe māsi pañcamyāṃ śuklapakṣe narādhipa ! dvārasyobhayato lekhyā gomayena viṣolbaṇāḥ pūjayedvidhivad vīra ! dadhidūrvāṅkuraiḥ kuśaiḥ gandhapuṣpopahāraiśca brāhmaṇānāṃ ca tarpaṇaiḥ ye tasyāṃ pūjayantīha nāgān bhaktipurassarāḥ na teṣāṃ sarpato vīra ! bhayaṃ bhavati kutracit ||” iti asyāṃ nāgakuṇḍe snānamuktaṃ kāśīkhaṇḍe“yaḥ snāto nāgapañcamyāṃ kuṇḍe vāsukisaṃjñake na tasya viṣasaṃsargo bhavetsarpasamudbhavaḥ kartavyā nāgapañcamyāṃ yātrā varṣāsu tatra vai nāgāḥ prasannā jāyante kule tasyāpi sarvadā ||” iti bhādraśuklapañcamī ṛṣipañcamī | iyaṃ tvaviśeṣāt “pūjāvrateṣu sarveṣu madhyāhnavyāpinī tithiḥ” iti mādhavīye hārītoktermadhyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā | dinadvaye madhyāhnavyāptisattve'sattve vā sāmānyanirṇayāt pūrvā | atra ṛṣipūjanamuktaṃ brāhme“nabhasya śuklapakṣe tu yadā bhavati pañcamī nadyādike tadā snātvā kṛtvā niyamameva ca brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrā vāpi varānane ! kṛtvā naimittikaṃ karma gatvā nijagṛhaṃ punaḥ vediṃ samyak prakurvīta gomayenopalipya tām tatra sapta ṛṣīn divyān bhaktiyuktān (ktaḥ?) prapūjayet ||” ṛṣayaśca“kaśyapo'trirbharadvājo viśvāmitro'tha gautamaḥ ### [2.p1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.15) jamadagnirvasiṣṭhaśca saptaite ṛṣayaḥ smṛtāḥ ||” iti āśvinaśuklapañcamyāmupāṅgalalitāvratam | tanmadhyāhnavyāpinyāṃ kāryam, 'pūjāvrateṣu sarveṣu' iti pūrvalikhitahārītavacanāt dinadvaye tadvyāptāvavyāptau vā yugmavākyāt pūrvā | asmin vrate pūjaiva pradhānam “matpūjanakaraṇḍasya prārthayasva pidhākanam tatpūjayannijagṛhe parāmṛddhimavāpsyasi ||” iti kathāntargatavacanāt | pūjāyāḥ phalasambandhāvagamād jāgaraṇādīnāṃ “phalavatsannidhāvaphalaṃ tadaṅgam” iti nyāyena tadaṅgatvaṃ bodhyam | ye tu— “bhuktvā jāgaraṇe naktacandrādyarghavrate tathā tārāvrateṣu sarveṣu rātriyogo viśiṣyate ||” iti hemādrilikhitavacanād atra rātrivyāpinī grāhyetyāhuḥ, tanna manoharam, asya vratasyoktajāgaraṇādivratebhyo'tiriktatvād, aṅgānurodhena pradhānakālanirṇayasya kāpyadṛṣṭatvācca | 'abhuktvā' iti tu vacanaṃ jāgaraṇapradhāne kojāgarādivrate sāvakāśamiti | atraivendrāṇyā saha kuśalamayaṃ nāgaṃ prapūjayedityuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte bhaviṣye— “tathā cāśvayuje māsi pañcamyāṃ kurunandana ! kṛtvā kuśalamayaṃ nāgamindrāṇyā saha pūjayet ||” iti mārgaśuklā pañcamyapi nāgapañcamī | taduktaṃ hemādrau skānde— “śukle mārgaśire puṇyā śrāvaṇe yā ca pañcamī snānadānairbahuphalā nāgalokapradāyinī ||” iti iyaṃ ca ‘pañcamī nāgapūjāyāṃ kāryā ṣaṣṭhīsamanvitā’ iti pūrvoktacamatkāracintāmaṇivacanāt parayutā grāhyā māghaśuklapañcamī śrīpañcamī | tatra śrīpūjā kāryā | taduktaṃ hemādrau vārāhe— “māghaśuklacaturthyāṃ tu varamārādhya ca śriyaḥ pañcamyāṃ kundakusumaiḥ pūjāṃ kuryātsamuddhaye ||” iti ### [2.p1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.16) atra madanaṃ sampūjya vasantotsavaḥ kāryaḥ | taduktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte purāṇasamuccaye— “māghamāse nṛpaśreṣṭha ! śuklāyāṃ pañcamītithau ratikābhau tu sampūjya kartavyaḥ sumahotsavaḥ dānāni ca pradeyāni tena tuṣyati mādhavaḥ |” pañcamī guruvāreṇa siddhā | śanivāreṇa viruddhā | yoginyatra dakṣiṇasyām | iti pañcamī nirṇītā atha ṣaṣṭhī nirṇīyate | sā skandavratātiriktā saptamīyutā kāryā taduktaṃ skānde— “nāgaviddhā na kartavyā ṣaṣṭhī caiva kadācana saptamīsaṃyutā kāryā ṣaṣṭhī dharmārthacintakaiḥ ||” iti pañcamyādivedhastatraiva— “nāgo dvādaśanāḍībhirddikpañcadaśabhistathā bhūto'ṣṭādaśanāḍībhirddṣayatyuttarāṃ tithim ||” iti nāgaḥ pañcamī | bhūtaścaturdaśī | dig daśamī | nāḍyo ghaṭikāḥ ayaṃ viśeṣavedha uttaratithiviṣayaḥ | sāmānyavihitastu trimuhūrtavedhaḥ pūrvatithiviṣayaḥ | taduktaṃ kaurme— “caturdaśī pañcamī ca tathā ca daśamī tithiḥ pūrvāṃ tithiṃ dūṣayanti tribhireva muhūrttakaiḥ ||” iti yadā tithikṣayavaśāduttaraviddhā na labhyate, tadā skandavratavad vratāntaramapi nāgaviddhāyāṃ kāryam | tadāha mādhavīye vasiṣṭhaḥ— “ekādaśī tṛtīyā ca ṣaṣṭhī caiva trayodaśī pūrvaviddhā tu karttavyā yadi na syātpare'hani ||” iti upavāse'pi paraiva, ‘ekādaśāṣṭamī’ iti pūrvodāhṛtavacanāt sāmānyataḥ sarvaṣaṣṭhyāṃ ravivārayoge lolārkayātrā kāryā “kṛtāni yāni pāpāni naraiḥ saṃvatsarādapi naśyanti kṣaṇatastāni ṣaṣṭhyarke loladarśanāt ||” iti kāśīkhaṇḍe uktatvāt | lolo lolārkaḥ āṣāḍhaśuklaṣaṣṭhī skandaṣaṣṭhī | sā pañcamīyutā kāryā, “kṛṣṇāṣṭamī skandaṣaṣṭhī śivarātriścaturdaśī ### [2.p1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.17) etāḥ pūrvayutāḥ kāryāstithyante pāraṇaṃ bhavet ||” iti skāndāt | asyāṃ skandapūjoktā varāhapurāṇe— “āṣāḍhaśuklaṣaṣṭhī tu tithiḥ kaumārikā smṛtā kumāramarcayettatra pūrvatropoṣ‍ya vai dine ||” iti bhādrakṛṣṇaṣaṣṭhī rohiṇīvyatīpātabhaumavārairyuktā kapiletyucyate taduktaṃ samayamayūkhe varāhapurāṇe— “nabhasye kṛṣṇapakṣe yā rohiṇīpātabhūsutaiḥ yuktā ṣaṣṭhī purāṇajñaiḥ kapilā sā prakīrtitā vratopavāsaniyamairbhāskaraṃ tatra pūjayet kapilāṃ ca dvijāgryāya datvā yā kratuphalaṃ labhet ||” iti purāṇasamuccaye'pi— “bhādre māsyasite pakṣe bhānau caiva kare sthite pāte kuje ca rohiṇyāṃ sā ṣaṣṭhī kapilā bhavet saṃyoge tu caturṇāṃ tu nirdiṣṭā parameṣṭhinā |” iti bhādro'tra amāṃto bodhyaḥ, cāndramāsasya sarvakāryeṣu mukhyatvāt, pūrṇimāntabhādrakṛṣṇaṣaṣṭhyāṃ vyatīpātapātāsambhavācca | atra sūryasya hastasthitatvaṃ sati sambhave jñeyam, caturṇāmityupādānāt anyathā vacane pañcānāmityuktaṃ syāt | caturṣvapyekanyūnatve kapilaṣaṣṭhī na bhavati, caturṇāṃ saṃyoga ityukteḥ | iyameva candraṣaṣṭhītyuktaṃ bhaviṣye— “tadvadbhādrapade māsi ṣaṣṭhī pakṣe sitetare candraṣaṣṭhīvrataṃ kuryāt pūrvavedhaḥ praśasyate ||” iti iyaṃ candrodayavyāpinī grāhyā | halaṣaṣṭhyapīyam | sā saptamīyutā grāhyeti granthāntare | bhādraśuklaṣaṣṭhī sūryaṣaṣṭhī | asyāṃ bhāskarapūjanaṃ mahāphalam | taduktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte bhaviṣyottare— “śukle bhādrapade ṣaṣṭhayāṃ snānaṃ bhāskarapūjanam prāśanaṃ pañcagavyasya aśvamedhaphalapradam ||” iti asyāmeva dakṣiṇāpathasthakārttikeyadarśanaphalamuktaṃ tatraiva— ### [2.p1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.18) “yeyaṃ bhādrapade māsi ṣaṣṭhī syādbharatarṣabha ! iyaṃ pāpaharā puṇyā śivā śāntā śubhā nṛpa ! snānadānādikaṃ sarvamasyāmakṣayamucyate asyāṃ paśyanti gāṅgeyaṃ dakṣiṇāpathamāśritam brahmahatyādipāpaistu mucyante nātra saṃśayaḥ |” iti āśvinaśuklaṣaṣṭhyāṃ divasatrayasādhyaṃ pūjāṅgatvena bilvābhimantraṇaṃ kuryāt | taduktaṃ devīpurāṇe— “jyeṣṭhānakṣatrayuktāyāṃ ṣaṣṭhyāṃ bilvābhimantraṇam saptamyāṃ mūlayuktāyāṃ patrikāyāḥ praveśanam pūrvāṣāḍhayutāṣṭamyāṃ pūjāhomādyupoṣaṇam uttareṇa navamyāṃ tu balibhiḥ pūjayecchivām śravaṇena daśamyāṃ tu praṇipatya visarjayet |” iti athā''mantraṇaprakāraḥ—bilvābhyāsaṃ gatvā, bilvaṃ sampūjya, nāmamantreṇa bilvavṛkṣe durgāṃ ca sampūjya prārthayet | tatra mantraḥ— “rāvaṇasya vadhārthāya rāmasyānugrahāya ca akāle brahmaṇā bodho devyāstava kṛtaḥ purā ahamapyāśritaḥ ṣaṣṭhyāṃ sāyāhne bodhayāmyataḥ |” athā''mantraṇamantraḥ— “śrīśailaśikhare jātaḥ śrīphala ! śrīniketanaḥ netavyo'si mayā vṛkṣa ! pūjyo durgāsvarūpataḥ ||” iti ānayanaprakāraḥ saptamyāṃ vakṣyate | kārttikaśuklaṣaṣṭhyāṃ vahnipūjoktā kālādarśa matsyapurāṇe— “vṛścikārke śuklaṣaṣṭhī bhaumavāre'pyupasthite mahāṣaṣṭhīti sā proktā sarvapāpaharā tithiḥ tasyāṃ svapiti vai vahniḥ pūrvatropoṣva vai dine ṣaṣṭhyāṃ vahniṃ samabhyarcya kuryādvahnimahotsavam ||” iti vṛścikārke kārttika iti tatraiva vyākhyātam | mārgaśuklaṣaṣṭhī yogaviśeṣeṇa campāṣaṣṭhī | taduktaṃ mallārimāhātmye— mārge bhādrapade śuklā ṣaṣṭhī vaidhṛtisaṃyutā ravivāreṇa saṃyuktā sā campetīha kīrttitā ### [2.p1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.19) vaidhṛtiyogakathanaṃ tu bhādraśuklaṣaṣṭhyabhiprāyeṇa, asyāṃ vaidhṛtiyogasya sarvathā'sambhavāt | asyāṃ viśveśvaradarśanamuktaṃ tatraiva— “mārgaśīrṣe'male pakṣe ṣaṣṭhyāṃ vāre'ṃśumālinaḥ śatatārāgate candre liṅgaṃ syād dṛṣṭigocaram ||” iti syādityanena dṛṣṭigocaraṃ karttavyamityucyate | iyamuktayogayutā pūrvā, yogābhāve saptamīyutā grāhyā'viśeṣāt | iyamapi skandaṣaṣṭhī taduktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte bhaviṣyottare— “yeyaṃ mārgaśire māsi ṣaṣṭhī bharatasattama ! puṇyā pāpaharā dhanyā śivā śāntā guhapriyā nihatya tārakaṃ ṣaṣṭhyāṃ guhastārakarājavat rarāja tena dayitā kārttike tasya sā tithiḥ snānadānādikaṃ karma tasyāmakṣayyamucyate |” iti dik ṣaṣṭhī śukreṇa bhaumena vā siddhā | śanivāreṇa viruddhā | yoginyatra paścimāyām | iti ṣaṣṭhī nirṇītā atha saptamī nirṇīyate | sā pūrvā uktā skānde— “ṣaṣṭhyā yutā saptamī ca karttavyā tāta ! sarvadā |” iti upavāse'pi pūrvā, ‘ekādaśī tathā ṣaṣṭhī’ iti pūrvodāhṛtavacanāt caitraśuklasaptamyāṃ śrībhāskaraṃ damanakādibhiḥ sampūjya bhogānāpnotītyuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte devīpurāṇe— “bhāskarasya tu saptamyāṃ pūjāṃ damanakādibhiḥ kṛtvā prāpnoti bhogādīn vigatāṅghrirmahātapāḥ ||” iti vaiśākhaśuklasaptamī gaṅgāsaptamī | asyāṃ gaṅgāpūjanaṃ kāryyamityuktaṃ brāhme— “vaiśākhe śuklasaptamyāṃ jahnunā jāhnavī svayam krodhātpītā punastyaktā karṇarandhrāttu dakṣiṇāt tāṃ tatra pūjayeddevīṃ gaṅgāṃ gaganamekhalām |” iti viśeṣavacanābhāvādiyaṃ pūrvāhnavyāpinī grāhyā | dinadvaye tadvyāptāvavyāptau vā sāmānyanirṇayātpūrvaiva āṣāḍhaśuklasaptamyāṃ sūryapūjoktā nirṇayāmṛte brahmapurāṇe— ### [2.p1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.20) “āṣāḍhaśuklasaptamyāṃ vivasvānnāma bhāskaraḥ jātaḥ pūrvāsu tasmāttaṃ tatropauṣya yajetsadā rathacakrākṛtau ramye maṇḍalaṃ sarvakāmadam bhakṣyairbhojyaistathā peyaiḥ puṣpairdhūpairvilepanaiḥ ||” iti āśvinaśuklasaptamī devīpūjane śrīsūryodayayutā grāhyā | taduktaṃ pratāpamārtaṇḍe bhaviṣye— “yugādyā varṣavṛddhiśca saptamī pārvatīpriyā raverudayamīkṣante na tāsu tithiyugmatā ||” iti varṣavṛddhirjanmatithiḥ | dinadvaye udayavyāptisattve sampūrṇatvātpūrvā | dinadvaye'pi tādṛśakāle'sattve ṣaṣṭhīyuktaiva grāhyā | asyāmeva trirātrārambhaḥ kāryaḥ, “trirātraṃ vāpi karttavyaṃ saptamyādi yathākramam |” iti dhaumyokteḥ| atra sāvitrīvratavannavamyanurodhena trirātraṃ kāryamiti kecit | yuktaṃ tu pratipannavarātrārambhavat saptamyāmevārambhaṇīyamidam | taduktaṃ bhaviṣyottare— “vratī ca pūjayeddevīṃ saptamyādidinatraye dvābhyāṃ caturahobhirvā hrāsavṛddhivaśāttitheḥ bhavānītuṣṭaye pārtha ! saṃvatsarasukhāya ca bhūtapretapiśācānāṃ nāśārthaṃ cotsavāya ca ||” iti idaṃ trirātrānuṣṭhānaṃ kāmyam, phalaśravaṇāt | atra dārusadanasthāpitāṃ durgāṃ pūjayedityuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte bhaviṣye— “saptamyāṃ nava gehāni dārujāni navāni ca ekaṃ vā vittabhāvena kārayetsusamāhitaḥ durgāgṛhaṃ prakarttavyaṃ caturasraṃ suśobhanam tanmadhye vedikāṃ kuryāccaturhastāṃ śubhāṃ samām tasyāṃ siṃhāsanaṃ kṣaumaṃ kambalājinasaṃyutam tatra durgāṃ pratiṣṭhāpya sarvalakṣaṇasaṃyutām pūjayetprayato devīṃ naro niyamamāsthitaḥ |” iti vedikāyāścaturhastatvaṃ kṣetraphalato jñeyam | asyāṃ ṣaṣṭhyāmāmantritāṃ ### [2.p1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.21) bilvaśākhāmānīya pūjayedityuktaṃ jyotiḥśāstre— “āśvinasya site pakṣe sumuhūrttena saptamī tasyāṃ ca patrikāpūjā karttavyā navanāyakaiḥ praśastāṃ saphalāṃ bilvaśākhāmāhṛtya pūjayet |” iti ānayanaprakārastu bilvavṛkṣaṃ durgāṃ ca sampūjya prārthayet tatra mantraḥ— “bilvavṛkṣa ! mahābhāga ! sarvadā śaṅkarapriya ! gṛhītvā tava śākhāṃ tu durgāpūjāṃ karomyaham śākhācchedodbhavaṃ duḥkhaṃ na ca kāryyaṃ tvayā prabho !|” iti tataḥ phalayutāṃ vānaspatyena mantreṇa śākhāṃ chittvā, gṛhramānīya, sampūjya sthāpayet | vilvāmantraṇaprakārastu āśvinaśuklaṣaṣṭhyāmuktaḥ | atraiva mūlanakṣatre pustakasthāpanaṃ kāryyam— “mūlarkṣe surādhīśa ! pūjanīyā sarasvatī pūjayetpratyahaṃ devīṃ yāvadvaiṣṇavamṛkṣakam nādhyāpayenna ca likhennādhīyīta kadācana pustake sthāpite deva ! vidyākāmo dvijottamaḥ ||” iti rudrayāmaṃlāt | vaiṣṇavamṛkṣakaṃ śravaṇanakṣatram | saṃgrahe'pi— “āśvinasya site pakṣe medhākāmaḥ sarasvatīm mūlenāvāhayeddevīṃ śravaṇena visarjayet ||” iti mārgaśīrṣādicaturmāseṣu kṛṣṇapakṣe saptamyāṃ pūrvedyuḥ śrāddhaṃ kāryam taduktaṃ kālādarśa— “mārgaśīrṣe ca pauṣe ca māghe prauṣṭhe ca phālgune kṛṣṇapakṣeṣu pūrvedyurānvaṣṭakyaṃ tathā'ṣṭakāḥ ||” iti aṣṭakāśrāddhātpūrvedyurityarthaḥ | aṣṭakāstvaṣṭamīnirṇaye vakṣyante atrā'ṣṭamīśrāddhānurodhena pūrvedyuḥ śrāddhaṃ kāryaṃ nāparāhnādivyāptyā | tatra nirṇayaḥ | mārgaśīrṣādayaścāmāntā grāhyāḥ ### [2.p1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.22) mārgaśīrṣaśuklasaptamī mitrasaptamī | tatra mitrapūjādyuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte brahmapurāṇe saptamīprakaraṇeatra pūrvadine kṛtavapanaḥ snātvā, raviṃ sampūjya, phalādibhakṣaṇenopavāsaṃ saṃpādya, tataḥ saptamyāṃ kusumairnānābhakṣyairmadhuplutapiṣṭayuktairārādhanaṃ kṛtvā, yathoktavidhinā yathāśakti sūryamantraṃ japet | japādividhistu matkṛtācārādarśe draṣṭavyaḥ | japaddaśāṃśena homaṃ kṛtvā, brāhmaṇādīn sambhojya, rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ kuryāt | tato'ṣṭamyāṃ śrīsūrya sampūjya, gāyakādīn sambhojya, svayaṃ dinadvaye'pi madhuplutaṃ piṣṭaṃ bhuñjīta | dinadvaye saptamyāmaṣṭamyāṃ ca | iti prayogaḥ māghaśuklasaptamī rathasaptamī | sā snānādāvaruṇodayavyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ viṣṇunā— ‘‘sūryagrahaṇatulyā tu śuklā māghasya saptamī aruṇodayavelāyāṃ tasyāṃ snānaṃ mahāphalam ||’’ iti ayañca snānakālo ye'ruṇodaye māghe snānti tānpratyeva, anyān prati tu śrīsūryodayaḥ; māghamāsasya saptamyāmurudyatyeva bhāskare vidhivattatra ca snānaṃ mahāpātakanāśanam ityaparārke viṣṇūkteḥ | vidhivad dīpadānādi kṛtvetyarthaḥ | dīpadānavidhirhemādrau bhaviṣye— ‘‘sauvarṇe rājate tāmre bhaktyā'lābūmaye'thavā tailena varttirdātavyā mahārajanarañjitā samāhitamanā bhūtvā datvā śirasi dīpakam bhāskaraṃ hṛdaye dhyātvā imaṃ mantramudīrayet namaste rudrarūpāya rasānāṃ pataye namaḥ varuṇāya namaste'stu haraিবাস ! namo'stu te jale parihareddīpaṃ dhyātvā santarpya devatāḥ |’’ iti pariharet sthāpayet | mahārajanaṃ kusumbham, ‘‘mahārajanamuddiṣṭaṃ śātakumbhakusumbhayoḥ |’’ iti maheśvarakoṣāt snānamantraśca— ### [2.p1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.23) “pṛthagjanmakṛtaṃ pāpaṃ mayā saptasu janmasu tanme rogaṃ ca śokaṃ ca mākarī hantu saptamī ||” iti snānottaramarghyastūktaḥ saurāgame— “arkapatraiḥ sabadarairdurvākṣatasacandanaiḥ aṣṭāṅgavidhinā cārghyaṃ dadyādādityatuṣṭaye ||” arghyadānamantro madanaratne— “saptasapte ! bhava prītaḥ saptalokapradīpana ! saptamīsahito deva ! gṛhāṇārghyaṃ divākara !||” asyāṃ rathadānamuktaṃ bhaviṣyottare— “evaṃvidhaṃ rathavaraṃ rathavājiyuktaṃ haimaṃ ca haimaśatadīdhitinā sametam dadyācca māghasitasaptamavāsare yaḥ so'saṅgacakragatireva mahīṃ bhunakti ||” nirṇayāmṛte saptamīprakaraṇe— “ravivāreṇa yuktāyāṃ saptamyāmuttarāyaṇe punnāmani ca nakṣatre pūjayecca divākaram ||” uttarāyaṇe māghe—iti tatraiva vyākhyātam | punnāmanakṣatrāṇi jyotiḥśāstre proktāni— “hasto maitrastathā puṣyo mṛgaśīrṣaṃ punarvasuḥ punnāmadheyanakṣatrāṇyetānyāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ||” iti asyāmeva rolārkasnānātpāpamuktiruktā kāśīkhaṇḍe-“lolārke rathasaptamyāṃ snātvā gaṅgāsisaṅgame saptajanmakṛtaiḥ pāpairmukto bhavati tatkṣaṇāt ||” atha ravivārayuktā yā kācicchuklasaptamī sā vijayāsaptamītyuktaṃ madanaratne bhaviṣyapurāṇe-“śuklapakṣasya saptamyāṃ sūryavāro bhavedyadi saptamī vijayā nāma tatra dattaṃ mahāphalam snānaṃ dānaṃ japo homa upavāsastathaiva ca sarvaṃ vijayasaptamyāṃ mahāpātakanāśanam ||” iti tatraiva-“karavīrāṇi raktāni kuṅkumañca vilepanam vijayaṃ dhūpamasyāṃ tu bhānostuṣṭikarāṇi vai ||” eṣaiva bhānusaptamī kalyāṇasaptamī ca | asyāṃ yogaviśeṣamāha smṛticandrodaye gargaḥ-“ṣaṣṭhī ca saptamīyoge vāraścedaṃśumālinaḥ ### [2.p1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.24) yogo'yaṃ padmakau nāma sahasrārkagrahaiḥ samaḥ ||” iti saptamī budhavāreṇa siddhā | ravivāreṇa saṃvartayogākhyā viruddhā yoginyasyāṃ vāyavyām | iti saptamī nirṇītā athāṣṭamī nirṇayate | sā śuklā parā, itarā pūrvā | taduktaṃ nigame— “śuklapakṣe'ṣṭamī caiva kṛṣṇapakṣe caturdaśī pūrvaviddhaiva karttavyā paraviddhā na kutracit ||” iti upavāseṣvevāyaṃ niyamo na tu sarvatra, “upavāseṣu rājendra ! eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ |” iti tatraivoktatvāt | tatra sarvāṣṭamīṣu durgāpūjoktā kāśīkhaṇḍe— “aṣṭamyāṃ ca caturdaśyāṃ bhaumavāre viśeṣataḥ sampūjyā satataṃ kāśyāṃ durgā durgārttināśinī ||” iti tathā— “aṣṭamyāṃ ca caturdaśyāṃ ravibhūmijavāsare yātrāṃ ca bhairavīṃ kṛtvā naraḥ pāpaiḥ pramucyate ||” iti caitraśuklāṣṭamī bhavānyaṣṭamī | atra bhavānīyātroktā kāśīkhaṇḍe— “caitrāṣṭamyāṃ mahāyātrāṃ bhavānyāḥ kārayet sudhīḥ aṣṭādhikāḥ prakarttavyāḥ śatakṛtvaḥ pradakṣiṇāḥ bhavānīṃ yastu paśyeta śuklāṣṭamyāṃ madhau naraḥ na jātu śokaṃ labhate sadānandamayo bhavet ||” iti sā parayutā grāhyā | taduktaṃ nigame— “yugmāgniyugabhūtānāṃ ṣaṇmunyorvasurandhrayoḥ rudreṇa dvādaśīyuktā caturdaśyā ca pūrṇimā pratipadapyamāvāsyā tithyoryugmaṃ mahāphalam etad vyastaṃ mahādoṣaṃ hanti puṇyaṃ purākṛtam ||” iti “aśokakalikā aṣṭau ye pibanti punarvasau caitre māsi sitāṣṭamyāṃ na te śokamavāpnuyuḥ ||” iti “tvāmaśokaṃ śivābhīṣṭaṃ madhumāsasamudbhavam pibāmi śokasantapto māmaśokaṃ sadā kuru ||” iti aśokakalikāprāśane tviyaṃ nakṣatravaśātpūrvā parā vā grāhyā nakṣatrābhāve'pi kevalāṣṭamyāṃ kāryam, ### [2.p1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.25) “tithiḥ śarīraṃ tithiratha kāraṇaṃ tithiḥ pramāṇaṃ tithiratha sādhanam ||” iti vallokteḥ| etena nakṣatrābhāve karmalopa ityuktaṃ sindhukārajyeṣṭhaistadapāstam atra viśeṣastitthitattve kālikāpurāṇe“caitre māsi sitāṣṭamyāṃ yo naro niyatendriyaḥ snāyāllauhityatoyeṣu sa yāti brahmaṇaḥ padam ||” iti lauhityo brahmaṇaḥ putraḥ | snānamantrastatraiva“brahmaputra ! mahābhāga ! śantanoḥ kulasambhava ! amoghagarbhasambhūta ! pāpaṃ lauhitya ! me hara ||” iti punarvasubudhavārābhyāṃ yukteyaṃ praśastetyuktaṃ pṛthvīcandrodaye viṣṇunā“punarvasubudhopetā caitre māsi sitāṣṭamī prātastu vidhivatsnātvā vājapeyaphalaṃ labhet ||” iti vaiśākhaśuklāṣṭamyāmrāmrarasena snānamuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte devīpurāṇe“sahakāraphalaiḥ snānaṃ vaiśākhe hyaṣṭamīdine ātmano devatāṃ snāpya māṃsīvālakavāribhiḥ ||” māṃsī jaṭāmāṃsī | vālakamuśīram tatraiva saṃvatsarapradīpe— “devyāḥ pūjāṃ ca kurvīta ketakayā campakena ca śarkarākṣīranaivedyaṃ kanyāvipreṣu bhojanam ātmanaḥ pāraṇaṃ tadvad dakṣiṇāṃ śaktito dadet sarvatīrthābhiṣekantu anenāpnoti bhārgava ! ||” iti atha jyeṣṭhakṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ trilocanapūjanamīśalokapradamuktaṃ bhaviṣyottare— “jyeṣṭhe māsi dvijaśreṣṭha ! kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ trilocanam yaḥ pūjayati deveśamīśalokaṃ vrajennaraḥ ||” iti jyeṣṭhaśuklāṣṭamyāṃ śuklāṃ devīṃ pūjayedityukataṃ nirṇayāmṛte brahmapurāṇe— “śuklāṣṭamyāṃ purā jātā śuklā devī mahāniśi vadhāya dānavendrāṇāṃ śuklapakṣe tato yajet ||” iti āṣāḍhaśuklāṣṭamyāṃ mahiṣaghnīṃ devīṃ pūjayedityukataṃ devīpurāṇe— “aṣṭamyāṃ ca tathā''ṣāḍhe niśātoyena snāpayet ### [2.p1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.26) svayaṃ snātvā ca karpūraiścandanaistāṃ vilepayet bhakṣyān śarkarayā pūrṇānpānakāni śubhāni ca śaktito dakṣiṇāṃ dadyānmahiṣaghnīṃ ca kīrttayet ||” iti niśā haridrā | atra sāmānyanirṇayo jñeyaḥ “aharniśaṃ yogigaṇaikavandyaṃ kṛṣṇāṅghriyugmaṃ vimalaṃ praṇamya vibhāvya mātāmahasampradāyaṃ kṛṣṇāṣṭamīnirṇayamātanomi ||” śrāvaṇakṛṣṇāṣṭamī kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamītyucyate | taduktaṃ skānde— “aṣṭamī śrāvaṇe māsi kṛṣṇapakṣe yadā bhavet kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamī jñeyā mahāpātakanāśinī ||” iti iyamarddharātravyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ bhaviṣyottare— “māsi bhādrapade'ṣṭamyāṃ kṛṣṇapakṣe'rddharātrake śaśāṅke vṛṣarāśisthe ṛkṣe rohiṇisaṃjñite yoge'smin vasudevāddhi devakī māmajījanat tasmānmāṃ pūjayettatra śuciḥ samyagupoṣitaḥ ||” iti purāṇasamuccaye'pi— “śrāvaṇe bahule pakṣe kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratam rātriyuktāṃ prakurvīta viśeṣeṇendusaṃyutām ||” iti śrāvaṇapadamatrāmāntamāsaparam | atra dinadvayasattve'sattve vā “kiṃ punarnavamīyuktā kulakoṭyāstu muktidā” iti navamīyogaprāśastyāt ; “varjanīyā prayatnena saptamīsaṃyutāṣṭamī” iti saptamīyoganiṣedhācca parayutaiva grāhyā | iyameva rohiṇīyuktā jayantītyucyate | taduktaṃ vahnipurāṇe— “kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ bhavedyatra kalaikā rohiṇī yadi jayantī nāma sā proktā upoṣyā sā prayatnataḥ ||” iti skānde'pi— "prājāpatyena saṃyuktā aṣṭamī tu yadā bhavet śrāvaṇe bahule sā tu sarvapāpapraṇāśinī jayaṃ puṇyaṃ ca kurute jayantīṃ tāṃ vidurbudhāḥ ||" iti ayaṃ ca rohiṇīyogo arddharātra eva mukhyaḥ | taduktaṃ vasiṣṭhena— "aṣṭamī rohiṇīyuktā niśyarddhe dṛśyate yadi ### [2.p1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.27) mukhyakālaḥ sa vijñeyastatra jātaḥ svayaṃ hariḥ ||" iti bhaviṣye'pi— "rohiṇyāmarddharātre ca yadā kṛṣṇāṣṭamī bhavet tasyāmabhyarcanaṃ śaurerhanti pāpaṃ trijanmajam ||” viṣṇudharmottare ca— "prājāpatyarkṣasaṃyuktā kṛṣṇā nabhasi cāṣṭamī sopavāso hareḥ pūjāṃ kṛtvā tatra na sīdati arddharātre tu yogo'yaṃ tārāpatyudaye sati |” iti tathā tatraiva— “samaṃ yoge tu rohiṇyā niśīthe rājasattama ! samajāyata govindo bālarūpī caturbhujaḥ tasmāttaṃ pūjayettatra niśīthe rājasattama ! |” iti yadā kadācidīpadyogastvanukalpaḥ | sa ca vasiṣṭhasaṃhitāyāṃ pradarśitaḥ— “ahorātraṃ tayoryogo hyasampūrṇo bhavedyadi muhūrttamapyahorātre yogaścet tāmupoṣayet ||” iti purāṇāntare'pi— “rohiṇī ca yadā kṛṣṇapakṣe'ṣṭamyāṃ dvijottama ! jayantī nāma sā proktā sarvapāpaharā tithiḥ vāsare vā niśāyāṃ vā yatra svalpāpi rohiṇī viśeṣeṇa nabhomāse saivopoṣyā manīṣibhiḥ ||” iti iyamapi caturddhā bhidyate | pūrvedyureva niśīthayogavatī paredyureva tādṛśī | ubhayatrāpi tādṛśī | ubhayaniśīthāyogavatī ceti | tatra yā pūrvedyureva niśīthayogavatī saivopoṣyā taduktaṃ vahnipurāṇe— “saptamīsaṃyutāṣṭamyāṃ niśīthe rohiṇī yadi bhavitā sā'ṣṭamī puṇyā yāvaccandradivākarau ||” iti gāruḍe'pi— “jayantyāṃ pūrvaviddhāyāmupavāsaṃ samācaret |” iti avaśiṣṭeṣu triṣvapi pakṣeṣu paradina evopavāsaḥ | dinadvaye niśīthayogamupalakṣya uktaṃ brahmavaivartte— “varjanīyā prayatnena saptamīsahitā'ṣṭamī saṛkṣāpi na karttavyā saptamīsaṃyutā'ṣṭamī ||” iti “aviddhāyāṃ tu sarkṣāyāṃ jāto devakinandanaḥ |” iti ### [2.p1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.28) aparedyu rohiṇīyuktāpyaṣṭamī nārddharātragā tadā pūrvedyu rohiṇīrahitāpi niśīthagaiva grāhyā janmāṣṭamī vrate “samaṃ yoge tu rohiṇyā niśīthe rājasattama ! samajāyata govindo bālarūpī caturbhujaḥ tasmāttaṃ pūjayettatra yathāvittānurūpataḥ |” iti vahnipurāṇe niśīthasyaiva viśeṣyatvena karmakālatvāvagamāt “karmaṇo yasya yaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ tayā karmāṇi kurvīta hrāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam ||” iti vacanāt karmakālagāyā eva tithergrāhyatvābhidhānāt jayantīvrate tu parā | paradine jayantīyogasya sattvāt yasmin vatsare jayantīyogo nāsti, tasminvatsare janmāṣṭamīvratamekameva pravarttate | yadā pūrvadine janmāṣṭamīvrate paradine jayantī yogājjayantīvrataṃ prāpnoti tadopavāsadvayasamarthena vratadvayaṃ kāryam | pāraṇā ca dvādaśyupavāsapāraṇāvat | asamarthena janmāṣṭamīvratameva kāryam | jayantīvrataṃ tu pratinidhinā bhakṣyādinā vā sampādanīyam | atra mādhavastvetādṛśaviṣaye pare'hni jayantīyogasya sattvājjanmāṣṭamīvrataṃ na pṛthak kāryamityāha— “yasminvarṣe jayantyākhyayogo janmāṣṭamī tadā antarbhūtā jayantyāṃ syādṛkṣayogapraśastitaḥ ||” iti hemādrinirṇayāmṛtādayaḥ sarvanibandhakārā api— "divā vā yadi vā rātrau nāsti cedrohiṇīkalā rātriyuktāṃ prakurvīta viśeṣeṇendusaṃyutām udaye cāṣṭamīkiñcinnavamī sakalā yadi bhavettu budhasaṃyuktā prājāpatyarkṣasaṃyutā api varṣaśatenāpi labhyate yadi vā na vā ||” ityādivacanaiḥ pare'hni rohiṇīsahitā niśīthāspṛgapi janmāṣṭamī vrate'pi paraiva kāryetyāhuḥ | vistarastu pratijñābhaṅgabhītyā na pradrśitaḥ | idaṃ vrataṃ nityam ### [2.p1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.29) "ye na kurvanti jānantaḥ kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratam te bhavanti narāḥ prājña ! vyālā vyāghrāśca kānane ||” iti skānde'niṣṭaśruteḥ jayantīvrataṃ nityaṃ kāmyañca, pratyavāyaphalaviśeṣayoḥ śravaṇāt akaraṇe pratyavāyaḥ skānde smaryate— "kriyāhīnasya mūrkhasya parānnaṃ bhuñjato'pi vā na kṛtaghnasya loko'sti jayantīvimukhasya ca ||” iti phalabodhakaṃ vākyaṃ tu viṣṇudharmottare jayantīṃ prakṛtya śrūyate— "yadbālye yacca kaumāre yauvane vārdhake tathā bahujanmakṛtaṃ pāpaṃ hanti sopoṣitā tithiḥ ||” iti dik atha vratagrahaṇaprakāro viṣṇudharmottare— "vāsudevaṃ samuddiśya sarvapāpapraśāntaye upavāsaṃ kariṣyāmi kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ nabhasyaham adya kṛṣṇāṣṭamīṃ devīṃ nabhaścandrasarohiṇīm arcayitvopavāsena bhokṣye'hamapare'hani enaso mokṣakāmo'smi yad govinda ! triyonijam tanme muñcati pāśaṃ hipatitaṃ śokasāgare ( ? ) ājanma maraṇaṃ yāvad yanmayā duṣkṛtaṃ kṛtam tatpraṇāśaya govinda ! prasīda puruṣottama ! ||” iti prātaḥ ślokān paṭhitvā saṅkalpaṃ kuryāt | tato'rddharātre śrīkṛṣṇaṃ vratavidhinā sampūjya, jāgaraṇaṃ kṛtvā, aparadine punaḥ sampūjya, brāhmaṇān saṃbhojya, pāraṇaṃ kuryāt | tatkālastu brahmavaivartte— “aṣṭamyāmatha rohiṇyāṃ na kuryātpāraṇaṃ kvacit hanyāt purākṛtaṃ karma upavāsārjitaṃ phalam tithirāṣṭaguṇaṃ hanti nakṣatrañca caturguṇam tasmātprayatnataḥ kuryāt tithibhānte ca pāraṇam ||” iti anyatarānte kāryamityapi nāradīye— “tithinakṣatrasaṃyoge upavāso yadā bhavet pāraṇaṃ tu na karttavyaṃ yāvannaikasya saṃkṣayaḥ sāṃyogike vrate prāpte yatraiko'pi viyujyate ### [2.p1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.30) tatraiva pāraṇaṃ kuryādevaṃ vedavido viduḥ ||” iti yadā tithernakṣatrasyaṃ vā rātrāvanto bhavati, tadā rātrau pāraṇaniṣedhād divaivoktaṃ brahmavaivartte— “sarveṣvevopavāseṣu divā pāraṇamiṣyate |” iti nārāyaṇīyadharmapravṛttau— “tithyarkṣe rātriparyantaṃ syātāṃ cetpāraṇāṃ divā yāmatrayordhvagāminyāṃ prātareva hi pāraṇā tithiyāmatrayādarvāk tithibhānte ca pāraṇam |” iti idaṃ mahānibandheṣmasattvānnirmūlamiti kecit kālādarśa utsavānto'pyuktaḥ kālaḥ— “tithyante cotsavānte vā vratī kuryāttu pāraṇam |” iti utsavānte brāhmaṇabhojanādyutsavānte | ayaṃ cotsavāntaḥ pāraṇakālastvaśaktān prati jñeyaḥ | prācāṃ mādhavādīnāṃ mate tu— “tithyarkṣayoryadā chedo nakṣatrāntamavāpya vā arddharātre'thavā kuryāt pāraṇaṃ tvapare'hani na rātrau pāraṇaṃ kuryādṛte vai rohiṇīvratāt tatra niśyapi kurvīta varjayitvā mahāniśām ||” iti vacanābhyāṃ pāraṇaṃ rātrāveva kuryāditi | mahāniśāsvarūpamāha vṛddhaśātātapaḥ— “mahāniśā dve ghaṭike rātrermadhyamayāmayoḥ |” iti idaṃ ca jayantīvrataṃ kāmanāyāṃ pratimāsaṃ kāryamityuktaṃ madanaratne'gnipurāṇe— “pratimāsaṃ ca te pūjāmaṣṭamyāṃ yaḥ kariṣyati mama caivākhilān kāmān sa saṃprāpnotyasaṃśayam ||” iti tathā— “anena vidhinā yastu pratimāsaṃ nareśvara ! karoti vatsaraṃ pūrṇaṃ yāvadāgamanaṃ hareḥ dadyācchayyāṃ sa sampūrṇāṃ gobhiratnairatnairalaṅkṛtām |” iti atra viśeṣaṃ jñātumicchatā samayamayūkhādayo draṣṭavyāḥ bhādraśuklāṣṭamī dūrvāṣṭamī | tatra maheśadūrvāpūjā kāryā | taduktaṃ bhaviṣye— “brahman ! bhādrapade māsi śuklāṣṭamyāmapoṣitaḥ ### [2.p1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.31) maheśaṃ pūjayedyastu dūrvayā sahitaṃ mune ! ||” iti iyaṃ pūrvā, “śrāvaṇī durganavamī dūrvā caiva hutāśanī pūrvaviddhā prakarttavyā śivarātrirbalerdinam ||” iti bṛhadyamenoktatvāt “śuklāṣṭamī tithiryā tu māsi bhādrapade bhavet dūrvāṣṭamī tu sā jñeyā nottarā sā vidhīyate ||” iti bhaviṣyaniṣedhācca | yadā tu jyeṣṭhābhūlayuktā, tadā parā; “muhūrttaṃ rauhiṇe'ṣṭamyāṃ pūrvā vā yadi vā parā dūrvāṣṭamī sadā tyājyā jyeṣṭhāmūlarkṣasaṃyutā aindrarkṣe pūjitā dūrvā hantyapatyāni nānyathā bharturāyurrharā mūle tasmāttāṃ parivarjayet ||” iti purāṇasamuccayāt | ‘yadi vā parā’ ityuktaṃ tatpūrvasyāṃ jyeṣṭhādiyogaviṣayam | rauhiṇo navamo muhūrttaḥ | dinadvaye jyeṣṭhāmūlayoge pūrvaiva— “karttavyā caikabhaktena jyeṣṭhāmūlaṃ yadā bhavet dūrvāmabhyarcayedbhaktyā na bandhyaṃ divasaṃ nayet ||” iti vacanāt | tadā bhakṣyaniyamo'pyukto bhaviṣye— “anagnipakvamaśnīyādannaṃ dadhiphalaṃ tathā akṣāralavaṇaṃ brahmannaśnīyānmadhunānvitam ||” iti atra vidhiḥ madanaratne— “śucau deśe prajātāyāṃ dūrvāyāṃ brāhmaṇottamaḥ sthāpya liṅgaṃ tato gandhaiḥ puṣpairdhūpaiḥ samarcayet dadhyakṣatairdvijaśreṣṭha ! arghyaṃ dadyāt trilocane dūrvāśamībhyāṃ vidhivatpūjayecchraddhayānvitaḥ ||” tatra dūrvāprārthanā— “tvaṃ dūrve'mṛtajanmāsi vanditāsi surāsuraiḥ saubhāgyaṃ santatiṃ dehi sarvakāryakarī bhava yathā śākhāpraśākhābhirvistṛtāsi mahītale tathā mamāpi santānaṃ dehi tvamajarāmaram ||” iti idamagastyodayakanyārke ca sati bhādrakṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ kāryaṃ tatra tanniṣedhāt | taduktaṃ samayamayūkhe skandapurāṇe— ### [2.p1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.32) “śukle bhādrapade māsi dūrvāsaṃjñā tathā'ṣṭamī siṃhārka eva kartavyā na kanyārke kadācana siṃhasthe cottamā sūrye'nudite munisattame |” iti pratāpamārtaṇḍe'pi— “agastyasyodaye yā tu pūjayedamṛtodbhavām vaidhavyaṃ putraśokaṃ ca daśa janmāni pañca ca ||” iti agastyudayakālaśca divodāsīye uktaḥ — “udeti yāmyāṃ harisaṃkramādvarerekādhike viṃśatime hyagastyaḥ sa saptame'staṃ vṛṣasaṅkramācca prayāti gargādibhirabhyabhāṇi ||” asyārthaḥ—siṃhasaṅkrānterviṃśatitame'śe'tīte munirudeti, vṛṣasaṅkrānte ṣaṣṭhe'śe'tīte'staṃ prayātīti | yadā bhādrapado'dhikastadā tatraiva kāryaṃ notkarṣaḥ | taduktaṃ nirṇayadīpe skānde— “adhimāse tu samprāpte nabhasya udaye muneḥ arvāg dūrvāvrataṃ kāryaṃ parato naiva kutracit ||” iti idaṃ vrataṃ strīṇāṃ nityam “yā na pūjayate dūrvā mohādiha yathāvidhi janmāni trīṇi vaidhavyaṃ labhate nātra saṃśayaḥ tasmātsampūjanīyā sā prativarṣaṃ vadhūjanaiḥ |” iti candraprakāśe purāṇasamuccaye'niṣṭhaśruteḥ | asyāmeva jyeṣṭhāpūjanamuktaṃ kālādarśai"bhādre śuklāṣṭamī jyeṣṭhānakṣatreṇa samanvitā mahatī kīrttitā tasyāṃ jyeṣṭhāṃ devīṃ prapūjayet !!" iti iyaṃ nakṣatravaśena pūrvā parā vā grāhyā, "aṣṭamyāṃ vā navamyāṃ vā jyeṣṭhā ṛkṣaṃ yadā bhavet madhyāhnādadhikaṃ yatra tatra jyeṣṭhāṃ prapūjayet māsi bhādrapade śukle pakṣe jyeṣṭharkṣasaṃyute yasminkasmin dine kuryājjyeṣṭhāyāḥ paripūjanam ||” iti skāndāt | tatrāpi madhyāhnodūrdhvaṃ jyeṣṭhāyāmeva pūjanam, madhyāhnādadhikamityuktatvāt; "yasmin dine bhavejjyeṣṭhā madhyāhnādūrdhvamaṇvapi tasmin haviṣyaṃ pūjā ca nyūnā cetpūrvavāsare ||” ### [2.p1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.33) iti vacanācca | dinadvaye madhyāhnodūrdhvaṃ jyeṣṭhāyoge'yoge vā pūrvā, “maitreṇa saṃyutāṃ jyeṣṭhāṃ yaḥ karoti sadā gṛhī dhanadhānyasamṛddhiḥ syāt putrastrīsaukhyameva ca mūlena saṃyutāṃ jyeṣṭhāṃ ye kurvanti narādhipa ! prāptaśokā bhaveyuste strīṇāṃ vaidhavyameva ca ||” iti skāndāt "māsi bhādrapade śuklapakṣe jyeṣṭharkṣasaṃyutā rātriryasmin dine kuryājjyeṣṭhāyāḥ paripūjanam ||” iti vacanācca | pūjāmantro bhaviṣyottare— “putradārasamṛddhyarthaṃ lakṣmyāścaiva vivṛddhaye alakṣmyāśca vināśāya jyeṣṭhe ! tvāmarcayāmyaham ||” iti ṣoḍaśopacāraiḥ sampūjya, prārthanāṃ kṛtvā namaskāraṃ kuryāt tatra mantraḥ— “jyeṣṭhāyai te namastubhyaṃ śreṣṭhāyai te namo namaḥ śarvāyai te namastubhyaṃ śāṅkaryai te namo namaḥ ||” tridinasādhyamidaṃ vratamityuktaṃ pṛthvīcandrodaye smṛtisaṃgrahe— “maitreṇāvāhayeddevīṃ jyeṣṭhāyāṃ tu prapūjayet mūle visarjayed devīṃ tridinaṃ vratamuttamam ||” iti atra yogaviśeṣeṇābhidhā skānde— “tatrāṣṭamyāṃ yadā vāro bhānojyeṣṭharkṣameva ca nīlajyeṣṭheti sā proktā durlabhā bahukālikī ||” iti asyāmeva mahālakṣmīvratārambhaḥ kāryaḥ | taduktaṃ madanaratne skānde— “māsi bhādrapade śukle pakṣe jyeṣṭhāyutā'ṣṭamī prārabdhavyaṃ vrataṃ tatra mahālakṣmyā yatātmabhiḥ ||” iti purāṇasamuccaye'pi— “śriyo'rcanaṃ bhādrapade sitāṣṭamīmārabhya kanyāmagate ca sūrye samāpayettatra tithau ca yāvat sūryastu pūrvārddhagato'yuvatyāḥ ||” iti ### [2.p1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.34) siṃhasaṃkrāntau bhādrapadasitāṣṭamīmārabhya lakṣyarcanamārambhaṇīyaṃ tatkanyāsaṃkrāntipūrvvārddhe samāpanīyamityarthaḥ | prathamārambhodyāpanayorevāyaṃ niyamaḥ | iyaṃ cāṣṭamī niśīthottaravartinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ candraprakāśe smṛtyantare— “arddharātramatikramya vartate yottarā tithiḥ tadā tasyāṃ tithau kāryyaṃ mahālakṣmīvrataṃ sadā ||” iti atra mahālakṣmīyātroktā kāśīkhaṇḍe— “mahālakṣmyaṣṭamīṃ prāpya tatra yātrākṛtāṃ nṛṇām sampūjiteha vidhivat padmā sadma na muñcati ||” iti āśvinakṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ mahālakṣmīvratasamāptistu candrodayavyāpinyāṃ kāryā, “tato niśīthe samprāpte'bhyudite'mṛtadīdhitau kṛtvā tu sthaṇḍile padmaṃ saṣaḍaṅgaṃ prapūjayet ||” iti skāndokteḥ divasadvaye candrodayakālasattve'sattve vā saptamīyogapraśastyāt pūrvaiva, “pūrvā vā paraviddhā vā grāhyā candrodaye sadā trimuhūrttāpi sā pūjyā parataścordhvagāminī ||” iti madanaratne purāṇasamuccayavacanāt | aparadine candrodayottaraṃ trimuhūrttā cet paraiva | iyamaṣṭakāpi | taduktaṃ pādme— “vasunāmā pitā kanyāṃ śaśāpānugrahāya ca prauṣṭapadyaṣṭakābhūyaḥ pitṛloke bhaviṣyasi āyurārogyamaiśvaryaṃ sarvakāmaphalapradā |” iti etasyāḥ padmasaṃjñoktā jātūkarṇyena— “śaṅkhaṃ prāhuramāvāsyāṃ kṣīṇasomāṃ dvijottamāḥ aṣṭakā ca bhavetpadmaṃ tatra dattaṃ tathākṣayam ||” iti āśvinaśuklāṣṭamī mahāṣṭamī | tatra bhadrakālīpūjā kāryā taduktaṃ brahmapurāṇe— “tatrā'ṣṭamyāṃ bhadrakālī dakṣayajñavināśinī prādurbhūtā mahāghorā yoginīkoṭibhirvṛtā ||” tatra—āśvinaśukle “ato'tra pūjanīyā sā tasminnahani mānavaiḥ ||” iti ### [2.p1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1.35) iyaṃ durgopavāsapūjādau navamīyuktā grāhyā, “śaranmahāṣṭamī pūjyā navamīsaṃyutā sadā saptamīsaṃyutā nityaṃ śokasaṃtāpakāriṇī ||” iti madanaratne smṛtisaṃgrahe uktatvāt | atra trimuhūrttanyūnāpi saptamīvedhahetuḥ, “saptamīśalyasaṃyuktā varjanīyā sadā'ṣṭamī stokāpi sā mahāpuṇyā yasyāṃ sūryodayo bhavet ||” iti madanaratnoddhṛtapurāṇāt | stokā svalpā | sā'ṣṭamī “mūlenāpi hi saṃyuktā sadā tyājyā'ṣṭamī budhaiḥ leśamātreṇa saptamyā api syādyadi dūṣitā ||” iti nirṇayāmṛtācca yāni ca— “mahāṣṭamyāśvine māsi śuklā kalyāṇakāriṇī saptamyā tu yutā kāryā mūlena tu viśeṣataḥ ||” evamādīni saptamīviddhāvidhāyakāni tāni vacanāni paradine'ṣṭamyabhāvaviṣayāṇi | yāni ca— “saptamyāmudite sūrye parataścāṣṭamī bhavet tatra durgotsavaṃ kuryāt na kuryādapare'hani durbhikṣaṃ tatra jānīyānnavamyāṃ yatra pūjyate |” ityādīni paradine'ṣṭamīlābhe'pi saptamīviddhāvidhāyakāni tāni sūryodayakāle navamyabhāvaviṣayāṇi, “yadā sūryodaye na syānnavamī cāpare'hani tadā'ṣṭamīṃ prakurvīta saptamyā sahitāṃ nṛpa ||” iti smṛtisaṃgrahāditi madanaratnaḥ | iyaṃ bhaumayuktā praśastetyuktaṃ madanaratne smṛtyantare— “aṣṭamyāmurite sūrye dinānte navamī bhavet kujavāro bhavettatra pūjanīyā prayatnataḥ ||” iti atha kārtikaśuklāṣṭamī goṣṭhāṣṭamī | tasyāṃ gopūjanādyuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte kūrmapurāṇe— "śuklāṣṭamī kārttike tu smṛtā goṣṭhāṣṭamī budhaiḥ tatra kuryād gavāṃ pūjāṃ gogrāsaṃ gopradakṣiṇām gavānugamanaṃ kāryyaṃ sarvān kāmānabhīpsatā |" iti _First 35 of 44 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1)_ ## Linked texts (21) - [Puraścaryārṇava](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.prayoga.purascarana.purascaryarnava.3.18.77) — Sanskrit - [Nāradapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.116.11) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Saubhāgyataraṅgiṇī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.srividya.saubhagyatarangini.3.314) — Sanskrit - [Jātūkarṇyasmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.jatukarnya*fragments.1.16) — Sanskrit - [Pratāpārka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.prataparka.4.p50) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa 1766, Sanskrit - [Jayasīṃhakalpadruma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.jayasimhakalpadruma.4.p16) — Ratnākara 1688, Sanskrit - [Bhagavantabhāskara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.bhagavantabhaskara.22.p3) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1625, Sanskrit - [Kālamayūkha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.bhatta.kalamayukha.5.p3) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita, Sanskrit - [Kālatattvavivecana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalatattvavivecana.3.p6) — Raghunātha Vājapeyin 1595, Sanskrit - [Jyotirnibandha (ed. Raṅganātha Śāstrī Vaidya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.jyotisa.jyotirnibandha*vaidya1919.391.4) — Sanskrit - [Gadādharapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.gadadharapaddhati.4.p120) — Gadādhara Rājaguru 1725, Sanskrit - [Nirṇayasindhu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.6.9) — Kamalākarabhaṭṭa 1612, Sanskrit - [Kṛtyaratnākara (Caṇḍeśvara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.krtyaratnakara.1.p66) — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit - [Kṛtyatattvārṇava](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.mithila_bengal.krtyatattvarnava.2.p33) — Śrīnātha, Sanskrit - [Abdadīdhiti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.abdadidhiti.1.p17) — Anantadeva 1645, Sanskrit - [Smṛtisāroddhāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.smrtisamgraha.smrtisaroddhara.1.p59) — Nārāyaṇa, Sanskrit - [Cakranārāyaṇīyanibandha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.cakranarayaniyanibandha.1.p59) — Viśvambharatrivedin 1600, Sanskrit - [Vidhānamālā (Nṛsiṃha)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.prayoga.sarvaprayoga.vidhanamala.41.70) — Nṛsiṃha, Sanskrit - [Varṣakriyākaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.varsakriyakaumudi.5.p410) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇa 1510, Sanskrit - [Kālanirṇaya (Kālamādhavīya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.kalamadhaviya.10.p33) — Mādhava, Sanskrit - [Tīrthaprakāśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.tirtha.tirthaprakasa.4.p169) — Mitramiśra, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.2.p1) · Pramāṇa