[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Times of rites](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala) › [Determination of lunar days](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi) › [Tithyarka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka) › 5.p1 # Tithyarka 5.p1 Tithyarka 5.p1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [5.p1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.1) ihaiva prasaṅgāditaramahādvādaśīnāmāni brahmavaivartte— “unmīlanī vañjulā ca trispṛśā pakṣavarddhinī jayā ca vijayā caiva jayantī pāpanāśinī dvādaśyo'ṣṭau mahāpuṇyāḥ sarvapāpaharā dvijāḥ ! ||” iti etāsāṃ lakṣaṇādikaṃ pracurapracārābhāvānnoktamiti saṃkṣepaḥ āśvinakṛṣṇadvādaśyāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ mahālayaśrāddhamuktaṃ vāyupurāṇe— “saṃnyāsino'pyābdikādi putraḥ kuryād yathāvidhi mahālaye tu yacchrāddhaṃ dvādaśyāṃ pārvaṇena tu ||” iti āśvinaśukladvādaśyāṃ padmanābhapūjoktā nirṇayāmṛte vārāhapurāṇe— "samyagāśvayuje māsi dvādaśyāṃ śuklapakṣake saṅkalpyābhyarcayeddevaṃ padmanābhaṃ sanātanam ||” iti kārttikakṛṣṇadvādaśyāṃ govatsadvādaśīvratam | taduktaṃ madanaratne bhaviṣye"samprāpte kārttike māsi kṛṣṇapakṣe kuruttama ! mahāpuṇyavrataṃ strīṇāṃ govatsadvādaśīvratam ||” vratavidhistatraiva"dvādaśyāṃ kṛtasaṅkalpaḥ snātvā puṇye jalāśaye naro vā yadi vā nārī naktaṃ saṅkalpya cetasi tato madhyāhnasamaye kṛtvā devārcanādikam pratīkṣetāgamaṃ bhaktyā gavāṃ godhyānatatparaḥ savatsāṃ tulyavarṇāṃ ca śīlinīṃ gāṃ payasvinīm candanādibhirālipya puṣpamālābhirarcayet arghyaṃ tāmramaye pātre kṛtvā puṣpākṣataistilaiḥ pādamūle tu dadyādvai mantreṇānena pāṇḍava ! kṣīrodārṇavasambhṛte ! surāsuranamaskṛte ! sarvadevamaye ! mātargṛhāṇārghyaṃ namo namaḥ datvārghyaṃ sākṣataṃ puṇyaṃ tajjalaṃ mūrdhni nikṣipet tato māṣādisaṃsiddhān vaṭakān vinivedayet pañca sapta daśaikaṃ vā yathāvibhavamātmanaḥ |” iti gogrāse mantrau— “saurabheyyaḥ sarvahitāḥ pavitrāḥ puṇyarāśayaḥ pratigṛhṇantu me grāsaṃ gāvastrailokyamātaraḥ ### [5.p1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.2) surabhi ! tvaṃ jaganmātardevi ! viṣṇupade sthitā sarvadevamaye ! grāsaṃ mayā dattamamaṃ grasa ||” iti prārthanā— “prārthayeccāśiṣaḥ samyak baddhvāgre karasampuṭam sarvavedamaye ! devi ! sarvadevairalaṃkṛte ! mātarmamābhilaṣitaṃ saphalaṃ kuru nandini ! |” iti atra varjyaṃ tatraiva— “taddine tāpikāpakkaṃ sthālīpakaṃ yudhiṣṭhira ! gokṣīraṃ goghṛtaṃ caiva dadhi takraṃ ca varjayet ||” iti ‘tāpikā’ roṭikābharjanapātram bhakṣyaṃ tatraiva— “māṣānnaṃ kāmato'śnīyādrātrau vigatamatsaraḥ |” iti iyaṃ sāyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā, gavāgamanapratīkṣokteḥ | dinadvaye cetpūrvā, “vatsapūjā vaṭaścaiva kartavyā prathame'hani |” iti smṛtyantarāt | atra kārtikaḥ kṛṣṇapratipadādirgṛhyate, śiṣṭācārāt atha dvādaśīmārabhya pañcasu dineṣu nīrājanavidhirukto nāradīye— “āśvine kṛṣṇapakṣe tu dvādaśyādiṣu pañcasu tithiṣūktaḥ pūrvarātrau nṛṇāṃ nīrājanavidhiḥ nīrājayeyurdevāṃstu viprān gāśca turaṅgamān jyeṣṭhān śreṣṭhān jaghanyāṃśca mātṛmukhyāṃśca yoṣitaḥ ||” iti atrāśvino'māntaḥ | yamoddeśena sandhyākāle bahirdīpadānamuktaṃ skānde | tatra mantraḥ— “mṛtyunā pāśadaṇḍābhyāṃ kālenāmalayā saha trayodaśyāṃ dīpadānātsūryajaḥ prīyatāṃ namaḥ ||” iti kārttikaśukladvādaśyāṃ devotthāpanamuktaṃ rāmārcanacandrikāyām— “pāraṇāhe pūrvarātrau ghaṇṭādīnvādayenmuhuḥ vidhāya mahatīṃ pūjāṃ viṣṇumabhyarcya vaiṣṇavān ||” iti utthāpanavidhistatraiva— “idaṃ viṣṇuranenāśu talpādutthāpayetprabhum |” paurāṇamantraḥ— “brahmendrarudrāgnikuberasūryasomādibhirvandita ! vandanīya ! budhyasva deveśa ! jagannivāsa ! samaṃ prabhāveṇa sukhena deva ### [5.p1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.3) iyaṃ tu dvādaśī devaprabodhārthaṃ vinirmitā tvayaiva sarvalokānāṃ hitārthaṃ śeṣaśāyinā uttiṣṭhottiṣṭha govinda ! tyaja nidrāṃ jagatpate ! tvayi supte jagannātha ! jagat suptaṃ bhavedidam vibuddhe ca vibuddhyeta prasanno me bhavā'cyuta ! utthite ceṣṭate sarvamuttiṣṭhottiṣṭha mādhava ! gatā meghā viyaccaiva nirmalaṃ nirmalā diśaḥ śāradāni ca puṣpāṇi gṛhāṇa mama keśava ! ||” idaṃ devotthāpanamidānīntanā rāmārcanacandrikāta eva dvādaśyāṃ kurvanti | vastutastu tatra śrīrāmotthāpanameva yuktam, rāghavādiśabdagrahaṇāt | itareṣāṃ kratubhujāmekādaśyāmeva pūrvoktavacanāditi | tacca prabhāte kāryam, “rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ kuryādekādaśyāṃ surālaye prabhāte vimale snātvā devamutthāpayetsudhīḥ ||” iti bhaviṣyatpurāṇāt | tato devāgre cāturmāsyavratasamāptiḥ kāryā, “caturddhā gṛhya vai cīrṇaṃ cāturmāsyaṃ vrataṃ naraiḥ kārtike śuklapakṣe tu dvādaśyāṃ tatsamāpayet ||” iti bhārate uktatvāt tatra mantraḥ— “idaṃ vrataṃ mayā deva ! kṛtaṃ prītyai tava prabho ! nyūnaṃ sampūrṇatāṃ yātu tvatprasādājjanārdana ! ||” iti tato brāhmaṇebhyo niyamaṃ kathayitvā sadakṣiṇaṃ tad dravyaṃ datvā pāraṇāṃ kuryāt | taduktaṃ brāhme— “caturo vārṣikān māsān niyamaṃ yasya yatkṛtam kathayitvā dvijebhyastaddadyādbhaktyā sadakṣiṇam evaṃ visarjayed vipraṃ tato bhuñjīta tatsvayam|” iti “māghe tu śukladvādaśyāṃ yamo hi bhagavān purā tilānutpādayāmāsa tapaḥ kṛtvā sudāruṇam rājā daśaratho bhūtastasyāṃ tānavatārayat tilānāmādhipatye tu viṣṇustatra suraiḥ kṛtaḥ tasyāmupoṣitaḥ snātvā tilaiḥ samyag yajeddharim ### [5.p1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.4) tilatailena dīpāśca deyā devagṛheṣu ca nivedayet tilāneva hotavyāśca tathā tilāḥ tilān datvā tu viprebhyo bhakṣayecca tathā tilān||” iti “prātaḥ snātvā hariṃ pūjya upavāsaṃ samarpayet pāraṇāṃ tu tataḥ kuryād yathāsambhavamārgataḥ||” iti “ajñānatimirāndhasya vratenānena keśava! prasīda sumukho nātha! jñānadṛṣṭiprado bhava||” iti “ajñānāndhena yatkiñcid mayā khaṇḍaṃ vrataṃ kṛtam bhagavaṃstvatprasādena tadakhaṇḍamihāstu me yathākhaṇḍaṃ jagatsarvaṃ tvameva puruṣottamaḥ tathā khaṇḍamakhaṇḍaṃ me vrataṃ bhavatu keśava ! ||” iti yathāsambhavamāgatān brāhmaṇān yathāśakti bhojayitveṣṭaiḥ saha nārāyaṇasmaraṇapūrvakaṃ bhojanaṃ kuryādityarthaḥ | tathaiva nāradīye dvādaśīprakaraṇe— “brāhmaṇāna bhojayecchaktyā pradadyāddakṣiṇāṃ tathā tataḥ svabandhubhiḥ sārddhaṃ nārāyaṇaparāyaṇaḥ kṛtapañcamahāyajñaḥ svayaṃ bhuñjīta vāgyataḥ |” iti pāraṇāhe viśeṣaḥ skānde— “kṛtvā caivopavāsaṃ tu yo'śnīyād dvādaśīdine naivedyaṃ tulasīmiśraṃ hatyākoṭivināśanam ||” iti hemādrau viṣṇurahasye— “paramāpadamāpanno harṣe vā samupasthite sūtake mṛtake caiva na tyājyaṃ dvādaśīvratam ||” iti atra varjyānyuktāni brahmāṇḍe— “kāṃsyaṃ māṃsaṃ surāṃ kṣaudraṃ lobhaṃ vitathabhāṣaṇam vyāyāmañca pravāsaṃ ca divāsvāpamathāñjanam tita(ḷa)piṣṭaṃ ( ? ) masūraṃ ca dvādaśaitāni vaiṣṇavaḥ dvādaśyāṃ varjayennityaṃ sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ||” iti bṛhaspatirapi— “divāniśaṃ parānnaṃ ca punarbhājanamaithune kṣaudraṃ kāṃsyāmiṣe tailaṃ dvādaśyāmaṣṭa varjayet ||” iti kāṃsyaṃ bhojanapātram | āmiṣāṇi coktāni rāmārcanacandrikāyāṃ pādme— ### [5.p1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.5) “māṇyaṅgacūrṇaṃ carmāmbu jambīraṃ vījapūrakam ayajñaśiṣṭaṃ māṃsādi yadviṣṇoraniveditam dagdhamannaṃ masūrañca māṃsaṃ cetyaṣṭadhā''miṣam |” tathā— “gocchāgamahiṣīdugdhādanyadugdhādi cāmiṣam dhānye mūsūrikā proktā annaṃ paryuṣitaṃ tathā dvijakrītā rasāḥ sarve lavaṇaṃ bhūmijaṃ tathā tāmrapātrasthitaṃ gavyaṃ jalaṃ palvalasaṃsthitam ātmārthaṃ pācitaṃ cānnamāmiṣaṃ tatsmṛtaṃ budhaiḥ ||” iti tāmrapātrasthamaikṣavamapi niṣiddham, “aikṣavaṃ tāmrapātrasthaṃ gomāṃsasadṛśaṃ mune ! |” iti brahmavaivartavacanāt | dvādaśī budhavāreṇa siddhā | ravivāreṇa krakacākhyā viruddhā | yoginyatra nairṛtyām | iti dvādaśī nirṇītā atha trayodaśī nirṇīyate— sā śuklā pūrvā, kṛṣṇottarā | taduktaṃ mādhavena— “śuklā trayodaśī pūrvā parā kṛṣṇatrayodaśī |” iti dīpikāyāmapi— “trayodaśī tithiḥ pūrvā site'thāsite paścāt” iti upavāse'pyayameva nirṇayaḥ | śivapūjānaktabhojanātmakapradoṣavrate tu pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā, “pakṣadvaye trayodaśyāṃ nirāhāro bhaveddivā ghaṭikābhirastamayātpūrvaṃ snānaṃ samācaret śuklāmbaradharo bhūtvā vāgyato niyamānvitaḥ kṛtasandhyājapavidhiḥ śivapūjāṃ samārabhet ||” iti brahmottarakhaṇḍe tatraiva pūjāvidhānāt; “tatastu lohite bhānau snātvā saniyamo vratī pūjārūthānaṃ tato gatvā pradoṣe śivamarcayet ||” iti skāndācca | pradoṣaśca— “pradoṣastrimuhūrtaḥ syādbhānāvastaṃ gate sati |” ityukto bodhyaḥ | dinadvaye pradoṣavyāptau paraiva, “yadi syādubhayostithyoḥ pradoṣavyāpinī tithiḥ tadottaratra naktaṃ syādubhayatrāpi sā yataḥ ||” iti hemādridhṛtajābālivākyāt | 'ubhayatra' divā rātrāvapītyarthaḥ ### [5.p1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.6) dinadvaye pradoṣābhāve'pi paraiva— “atathātve paratra syāttatrāvārgastato divā |” “yadā trayodaśī śuddhā mandavāreṇa saṃyutā ārabdhavyaṃ vrataṃ tatra santānaphalasiddhaye ṛṇanirmocanārthe tu bhaumavāreṇa saṃyutā saubhāgyastrīvivṛddhyarthaṃ śukravāreṇa saṃyutā āyurāyogyasiddhayarthaṃ bhānuvāreṇa saṃyutā |” iti “mandavāre pradoṣo'yaṃ durlabhaḥ sarvadehinām tatrāpi durlabhastasmin kṛṣṇapakṣe samāgataḥ ||” iti “caturthyāṃ ca trayodaśyāṃ saptamyāmarddharātrataḥ arvāṅnādhyayanaṃ kuryādyadīcchettasya dhāraṇam ||” “caturthyāḥ pūrvarātre tu navanāḍīṣu darśane nādhyāyaṃ pūrvarātre syātsaptamī ca trayodaśī arddharātrātpurā cetsyānnādhyeyaṃ pūrvarātrake ||” iti atha caitraśuklatrayodaśyanaṅgatrayodaśī | asyāmanaṅgapūjoktā nirṇayāmṛte kūrmapurāṇe-"madhau śuklatrayodaśyāṃ madanaṃ candanāttmakam kṛtvā saṃpūjya yatnena vījayed vyajanena ca tataḥ saṃdhukṣitaḥ kāmaḥ putrapautrasamṛddhidaḥ |" iti hemādrau bhaviṣye'pi-"caitrātsave sakalalokamanonivāse kāmaṃ trayodaśatiyau ca vasantayuktam patnyā sahārcya puruṣapravaro'tha yo'pitsaubhāgyarūpasutasaukhyayutaḥ sadā syāt ||" vaiśākhaśuklatrayodaśyāṃ vaiśākhasnānārambhaḥ kārya ityuktaṃ padmapurāṇe"trayodaśyāṃ caturdaśyāṃ vaiśākhyāṃ ca dinatrayam api samyag vidhānena nārī vā puruṣo'pi vā prātaḥ snātaḥ saniyamaḥ sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate | iti |" snānavidhistu caitraśuklaikādaśyāmuktaḥ | idaṃ ca sampūrṇavaiśākhasnānāśaktau jñeyam | bhādrakṛṣṇatrayodaśī yugādirityuktaṃ prāk | bhādro'trāmānto jñeyaḥ, cāndramāsasya mukhyatvāt ### [5.p1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.7) bhādraśuklatrayodaśyāṃ gotrirātravrataṃ kāryam, "māsi bhādrapade śukle trayodaśyāṃ samārabhet |” iti hemādrau bhaviṣyottaravacanāt | atra trayodaśyanurodhena nirṇayastrirātrasya| iyaṃ ca trayodaśī prātaḥkālavartinī grāhyā| dinadvaye cetpūrvā, sampūrṇatvāt| kārttikakṛṣṇatrayodaśyāṃ sandhyāyāmapamṛtyunāśārthaṃ dīpadānaṃ kāryyam, "kārttikasya site pakṣe trayodaśyāṃ niśāmukhe yamadīpaṃ bahirdadyādapamṛtyurvinaśyati ||" iti candraprakāśe uktatvāt| bahirgṛhādbahiḥ| dīpadāne pradoṣavartinī grāhyā, 'trayodaśyāṃ niśāmukhe' ityukteḥ| niśāmukhaṃ pradoṣaḥ| 'pradoṣo rajanīmukham' ityamaraḥ| atra pradoṣaḥ-'pradoṣo'stamayādūrdhvaṃ ghaṭikādvayamiṣyate' ityuktalakṣaṇo jñeyaḥ| ghaṭikādvayasya mukhāvadhisamarpakatvāt| dinadvaye tatra cetparā| dinadvaye tatrābhāve pūrvā| dīpadāne mantraḥ"mṛtyunā pāśadaṇḍābhyāṃ kālena śyāmayā saha trayodaśīdīpadānāt sūryajaḥ prīyatāṃ mama ||" iti atra kārttikaḥ pūrṇimānto grāhyaḥ, tathaivācārāt| kārttikaśuklatrayodaśyādidinatraye kāśyāṃ pañcanade snātāḥ puṇyabhājo bhavantītyuktaṃ kāśīkhaṇḍe"vārāṇasyāṃ pañcanade tryahaṃ snātāstu kārttike amī te puṇyavapuṣaḥ puṇyabhājo'tinirmalāḥ ||" iti atra kecid yatkiñciddinatrayamicchanti| bahavastvidameva trayodaśyādidinatrayamāhuḥ| māghaśuklatrayodaśyādidinatraye māghasnānaṃ kāryyam, “asmin yoge tvaśakto'pi snāyādapi dinatrayam ||” iti pādmāt | caitrakṛṣṇatrayodaśī yogaviśeṣeṇā'tipraśastetyuktaṃ skānde-“vāruṇena samāyuktā madhau kṛṣṇatrayodaśī gaṅgāyāṃ yadi labhyeta sūryagrahaśataiḥ samā śanivārasamāyuktā sā mahāvāruṇī smṛtā ### [5.p1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.8) śubhayogasamāyuktā śanau śatabhiṣā yadi mahāmaheti vikhyātā trikotikulamuddharet |” iti atra caitraḥ kṛṣṇapratipadādirgrāhyaḥ, tatraiva śatabhiṣāyogasaṃbhavāt atra kṛtyaṃ kalpatarau brahmāṇḍe-“caitrakṛṣṇatrayodaśyāṃ śanau śatabhiṣā yadi vāruṇīti samākhyātā śubhena mahatī smṛtā padmamaṣṭadalaṃ kṛtvā taṇḍulairdroṇasammitaiḥ sauvarṇaṃ rājataṃ tāmraṃ mṛṇmayaṃ vā ghaṭaṃ śubham sitavastreṇa saṃveṣṭya vāripūrṇaṃ sapallavam padmasya karṇikāyāṃ tu sthāpayenmantrataḥ kramāt tanmadhye sthāpayeddevaṃ varuṇaṃ hervanirmitam palena vā tadarddhena tadarddhenāpi bhaktitaḥ upacāraiḥ ṣoḍaśabhiḥ pūjayitvā yathāvidhi kalaśaṃ mūrtisaṃyuktaṃ brāhmaṇāya pradāpayet āyurā̱rogyamaiśvaryaṃ dhanaṃ ca labhate dhruvam sarvapāpairvinirmukto yatheṣṭāṃ prāpnuyād gatim ||” iti ayaṃ yogo gauḍeṣvatiprasiddhaḥ | trayodaśī bhaumena siddhā | somena viruddhā | yoginyasyāṃ dakṣiṇasyāmiti trayodaśī nirṇītā atha caturdaśī nirṇīyate | sā śukretarā taduktaṃ nāradīye— “tṛtīyekādaśī ṣaṣṭhī śuklapakṣe caturdaśī pūrvaviddhā na karttavyāḥ karttavyāḥ parasaṃyutāḥ ||” iti kṛṣṇā pūrvā, “kṛṣṇapakṣe'ṣṭamī caiva kṛṣṇapakṣe caturdaśī pūrvaviddhā prakarttavyā paraviddhā na karhicit ||” ityāpastambokteḥ | upavāse tu śuklā kṛṣṇāpi parayutaiva grāhyā, “ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī ubhe pakṣe caturdaśī amāvāsyā tṛtīyā ca tā upodhyāḥ parānvitāḥ ||” iti madanaratne vṛddhavasiṣṭhokteḥ | yattu ‘kṛṣṇapakṣe'ṣṭamī caiva’ iti vacane kṛṣṇacaturdaśyā upavāse pūrvaviddhatvamuktam, tad rudropavāsaviṣayam, “rudravrateṣu sarveṣu karttavyā sammukhī tithiḥ |” ### [5.p1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.9) iti pūrvamuktatvāt | rudravrataṃ skandapurāṇe darśitam— “caturdaśī tu karttavyā trayodaśyā yutā vibho ! mama bhaktairmahābāho ! bhavedyā cāparāhṇikī ||” iti atra mama bhaktairitīśvaroktiliṅgādasya rudravratasambandhicaturdaśīviṣayatvaṃ vijñāyate | caitraśuklacaturdaśī rātrivyāpinī kāryā, "madhoḥ śrāvaṇamāsasya śuklā yā tu caturdaśī sā rātrivyāpinī grāhyā parā pūrvāhṇagāminī ||" iti baudhāyanavākyāt | parā anyā anyamāsagatā śuklacaturdaśī pūrvāhṇagāminyuttaraviddhetyanuvādaḥ | śrīmātāmahāstu rātrivyāpinītyetatpūrvaviddhāparamityūcuḥ | tatra spaṣṭārthatvādratrāveva paśupatīśvarapūjāvidhānācca pūrvaṃmatameva yuktamābhāti | asyāṃ kāmamahotsava ukto hemādrau devīpurāṇe— "caitre sitacaturdaśyāṃ bhavetkāmamahotsavaḥ jugupsitoktibhistatra gītavastrādibhirnṛṇām bhagavāṃstuṣyate kāmaḥ putrapautrasamṛddhidaḥ |” iti iyameva paśupatīśvarapūjane rātrivyāpinī grāhyā, "caitraśuklacaturdaśyāmupoṣaṇaparāyaṇaḥ pūjayitvā paśupatiṃ rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ tathā niśi bhramanti bhūtāni śaktayaḥ śūlabhṛdyataḥ atastatra caturdaśyāṃ satyāṃ tatpūjanaṃ bhavet ||” iti brahmavaivarttāt vaiśākhaśuklacaturdaśī nṛsiṃhajayantī | taduktaṃ govindārṇave brāhme— "śuklapakṣe caturdaśyāṃ māsi mādhavasaṃjñake prādurbhūto nṛpañcāsyastasmāttāṃ samupoṣayet ||" iti 'nṛpañcāsyo' nṛsiṃhaḥ | iyaṃ pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā, "vaiśākhasya caturdaśyāṃ somavāre'nilarkṣake avatāro nṛsiṃhasya pradoṣasamaye dvijāḥ ||" iti skāndāt; "vaiśākhaśuklapakṣasya caturdaśyāṃ vivasvati astaṃgāmini sarveṣāṃ puraḥ stambhasya madhyataḥ ### [5.p1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.10) prababhūva mahāviṣṇurnarasiṃhākṛtinnṛpa ! rādhaśuklacaturdaśyāṃ śuddhe vaṇijavāyubhe mandavāre nṛsiṃho'bhūt tretāyāṃ cādikalpake sāyaṃkāle sadasatāṃ rakṣādamanakāraṇāt ||" iti nṛsiṃhabhaviṣyapurāṇācca atrāsmanmātuḥ pitāmahacaraṇāḥ— nṛsiṃhapurāṇe sāmānyataḥ kāla utpatteruktaḥ, vivasvatyastaṃgāminīti ghaṭikāparimāṇānukteḥ | tasya skāndena nirṇayaḥ tatra hi pradoṣa upāttaḥ | tallakṣaṇaṃ ca hemādrāvuktam— "trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ syādbhānau vyastaṃ gate sati |" iti tasyāpi saṅkoco bhaviṣyapurāṇena tatra sāyaṃkāla ityukteḥ "nakṣatradarśanātsandhyā sāyaṃ tatparataḥ sthitam |" iti atra yadyapi sāyaṃśabdena paro'vadhirna labhyate, tathāpi pradoṣaśabdena parāvadhilābhāt sāyaṃśabdena ca pūrvāvadhilābhāt trighaṭikātmakasāyaṃsandhyordhvaghaṭikātrayaṃ pradoṣasāyaṃśabdābhyāṃ parasparaṃ viśeṣaṇāllabhyate janmakālattveneti tatkālavyāpinī nṛsiṃhacaturdaśīyupoṣyeti rāddhāntamāhuḥ— "ayaṃ prakāsaṃ priyadarśanatvādū vinirṇayo me rucaye babhūva niśīthinīnātha ivodito'sau prabhākaraḥ pūrṇakalo nalinyāḥ ||” iti dinadvaye tadvyāptisattve'sattve vaikadeśasamavyāptau cottarā, vratārambhakāle sattvāt | vratārambhakālastu tatraivoktaḥ— "tato madhyāhnavelāyāṃ nadyādau vimale jale paridhāya navaṃ vāso vratakarma samārabhet ||” iti "anaṅgena samāyuktā na sopāṣyā caturdaśī dhanāpatyairviyujyeta tasmāttāṃ parivarjayet ||” iti pādme trayodaśīyuktaniṣedhāccāparaiva | vaiṣamyeṇaikadeśasparśe tadādhikyavatī grāhyā | atra sarveṣāmadhikāra ityuktaṃ tatraiva— "sarveṣāmeva varṇānāmadhikāro'sti madvrate ### [5.p1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.11) madbhaktaistu viśeṣeṇa kartavyaṃ matparāyaṇaiḥ ||” iti atha vratagrahaṇaprakārastatraiva— “nṛsiṃha ! devadevasya tava janmadine śubhe upavāsaṃ kariṣyāmi sarvabhogavivarjitaḥ ||” iti saṃkalpaṃ madhyāhne kṛtvā, paradine snātvā, punardevaṃ sampūjya prārthayet— "nṛsiṃhācyuta ! deveśa ! lakṣmīkānta ! jagatpate ! anenārcāpradānena saphalāḥ syurmanorathāḥ madvaṃśe ye narā jātā ye janiṣyanti cāpare tām̐stvamuddhara deveśa ! duḥkhārdbhavasāgarāt śrīnṛsiṃha ! ramākānta ! bhaktānāṃ bhayanāśana ! kṣīrāmbunidhivāsī tvaṃ cakrapāṇe ! janārdana ! vratenānena deveśa ! bhuktimuktiprado bhava |" iti tatastāṃ pratimāṃ brāhmaṇāya dadyāt | yogaviśeṣeṇekaṃ praśastetyuktaṃ tatraiva— "svātinakṣatrasaṃyoge śanivāre ca madvratam siddhidyogasya saṃyoge vaṇije karaṇe tathā puṃsā saubhāgyayogena labhyate daivayogataḥ |" iti idaṃ nityavratam, "vijñāya maddilaṃ yastu laṅghayetpāpakṛnnaraḥ sa yāti narake ghore yāvaccandradivākarau ||" ityaniṣṭaśruteḥ śrāvaṇaśuklacaturdaśī rātrivyāpinī grāhyetyuktaṃ prāk bhādraśuklacaturdaśyāmanantavratamuktaṃ bhaviṣye— "tathā bhādrapadasyānte caturdaśyāṃ dvijottamaḥ paurṇamāsyāḥ samāyoge vrataṃ cānantayaṃ caret ||" iti atrodayavyāpinī grāhyā, "udaye trimuhūrttāpi grāhyānantavrate tithiḥ |" iti mādhavokteḥ "muhūrttamapi cedādre paurṇamāsyāṃ caturdaśī sampūrṇā tāṃ vidustasyāṃ pūjayedviṣṇumavyayam ||" iti ### [5.p1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.12) skāndācca | ataśca pūrṇimāyuktāyāmudayakālavyāpinyāṃ caturdaśyāmanantavrataṃ kāryamiti siddham | dinadvaye udayavyāpitve sampūrṇatvāt pūrvaiva, dinadvaye udayāvyāpitve'pi pūrvā, madhyāhne sattvāt āśvinakṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ śastrādihatānāmeva śrāddhamuktaṃ kālādarśe— "śrāddhaṃ śastrahatasyaiva caturdaśyāṃ mahālaye" | iti nāgarakhaṇḍe'pi— "apamṛtyurbhavedyeṣāṃ śastramṛtyurathāpi vā śrāddhaṃ teṣāṃ prakarttavyaṃ caturdaśyāṃ narādhipa !" || iti kārtikakṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ candrodayavyāpinyāmabhyaṅgasnānaṃ kāryam taduktaṃ hemādrau bhaviṣye— "āśvayukkṛṣṇapakṣasya caturdaśyāṃ vidhūdaye tilatailena kartavyaṃ snānaṃ narakabhīruṇā ||" iti atrāśvino'mānto bodhyaḥ sūryodayavyāpinyāmapyuktaṃ hemādrinirṇayāmṛtayorbhaviṣye— "kārtike kṛṣṇapakṣe tu caturdaśyābhinodaye avaśyameva kartavyaṃ snānaṃ narakabhīruṇā ||" iti "svakālāduttaro gauṇaḥ kālaḥ sarvasya karmaṇaḥ yadvāgāmikriyāmukhyakālasyāpyantarālavat gauṇakālatvamicchanti kecitprāktanakarmaṇi mukhyakāle yadāvaśyaṃ karma kartuṃ na śakyate gauṇakāle tu kartavyaṃ gauṇo'pyatredṛśo bhavet |" "tailābhyaṅgaṃ tathā śayyāṃ parānnaṃ kāṃsyabhojanam kārtike varjayed yastu paripūrṇavratī bhavet ||" "narakasya caturdaśyāṃ tailābhyaṅgañca kārayet anyatra kārtikasnāyī tailābhyaṅgañca varjayet ||" iti tatraiva pratiprasavaśruteḥ | dinadvaye tadvyāptau sāmānyavacanāt pūrvā, dinadvaye tadavyāptāvapi pūrvā "pūrvaviddhacaturdaśyāṃ kārtikasya sitetare pakṣe pratyūṣasamaye snānaṃ kuryātprayatnataḥ ||" iti skāndāt | atra, "taile lakṣmīrjale gaṅgā dīpāvalyāścaturdaśīm ### [5.p1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.13) labdhveti śeṣaḥ prātaḥsnānaṃ tu yaḥ kuryād yamalokaṃ na paśyati ||" iti brāhmokteścāturvarṇyasyāpyadhikāraḥ | caturdaśīmārabhya caturṣvapi dineṣu kāmyasnānamuktaṃ pṛthvīcandrodaye brāhme— "iṣe bhūte ca darśe kārtikaprathame dine yadā svātistadābhyaṅgasnānaṃ kuryāddinodaye ūrje śukladvitīyāyāṃ tithau yastu śubhe dine mānavo maṅgalasnāyī naiva lakṣmyā viyujyate dīpairnīrājanaṃ tatra saiṣā dīpāvalī smṛtā |" iti snāne'pāmārgabhrāmaṇamuktaṃ brāhme— "abhyaṅgasnānamadhye tu narakasya kṣayāya vai apāmārgasya patrāṇi bhrāmayecchirasopari ||" "abhyaṅgasnānamadhye tu narakasya kṣayāya vai apāmārgasya patrāṇi bhrāmayecchirasopari" || iti madanaratne pādme'pi— "apāmārgamatho tumbī prapunnāḍamathāparam bhrāmayetsnānamadhye tu narakasya kṣayāya vai ||" iti mantraḥ— "sitāloṣṭasamāyukta ! sakaṇṭakadalānvita ! hara pāpamapāmārga ! bhrāmyamāṇaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ||" iti atra tarpaṇamuktaṃ bhaviṣye— "tataśca tarpaṇaṃ kāryaṃ dharmarājasya nāmabhiḥ yamāya dharmarājāya mṛtayave cāntakāya ca vaivasvatāya kālāya sarvabhūtakṣayāya ca audumbarāya dadhnāya nīlāya parameṣṭhine vṛkodarāya citrāya citraguptāya te namaḥ |" iti etattarpaṇaṃ savyenāpasavyena vā kāryam, "yajñopavītinā kāryaṃ prācīnāvītinā'thavā devatvaṃ ca pitṛtvaṃ ca yamasya syād dvirūpatā" iti tatraivokteḥ idaṃ ca tarpaṇaṃ jīvatpitrāpi kāryam | taduktaṃ pādme— "jīvatpitāpi kurvīta tarpaṇaṃ yamabhīṣmayoḥ kṛṣṇaistilaistathā cānyaiḥ kuryāttarpaṇamicchayā ||” iti anyaiḥ śuklaiḥ | devatvapakṣe śuklatilaiḥ, pitṛtvapakṣe kṛṣṇatilairiti bodhyam ### [5.p1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.14) bhīṣmatarpaṇaṃ māghaśuklāṣṭamyāmuktam laiṅge viśeṣaḥ— “tataḥ pretacaturdaśyāṃ bhojayitvā tapodhanān dānaṃ datvā tu tebhyastu yamalokaṃ na gacchati ||” iti asyāṃ pradoṣasamaye dīpadānaṃ kāryam taduktaṃ bhaviṣye— “tataḥ pradoṣasamaye dīpān dadyād manoramān brahmaviṣṇuśivādīnāṃ bhavaneṣu maṭheṣu ca prākārodyānavīthīṣu pratolīniṣkuṭeṣu ca mandirāsu viviktāsu hastiśālāsu bhūriśaḥ ||” “vājiṇālā tu mandurā” ityamaraḥ idaṃ dīpadānaṃ saṃlagnaṃ kāryam taduktaṃ jyotirnibandhe nāradena-“ipāsita caturdaśyāmindukṣayatithāvapi ūrjādau svātisaṃyukte tadā dīpāvalī bhavet kuryātsaṃlagnametacca dīpotsavadinatrayam |” iti atra yamalokadarśanābhāvakāmo narakacaturdaśyāṃ snāsye--iti saṅkalpya, kṛtābhyaṅgaḥ snātvā kṛtanityakriyo'nantaraṃ yamatarpaṇaṃ kariṣye--iti saṅkalpaṃ kṛtvopavītī śuklatilaiḥ prācīnāvītī cet kṛṣṇatilairyamaṃ dharmarājaṃ mṛtyumantakaṃ vaivasvataṃ kālaṃ sarvabhūtakṣayamaudumbaraṃ daghnaṃ nīlaṃ parameṣṭhinaṃ vṛkodaraṃ citraguptaṃ tarpayāmīti caturdaśanāmabhiryamaṃ santarpya, yathākālaṃ taśodhanāna bhojayitvā, svayaṃ ca bhuktvā pradoṣasamaye dīpān dadyāt | uktasthaleṣviti prayogaḥ kārttikaśuklacaturdaśī vaikuṇṭhacaturdaśī iyamaruṇodayavyāpinī grāhyā | taduktaṃ sanatkumārasaṃhitāyām"varṣe vai hemaḷambākhye māsi śrīmati kārttike śuklapakṣe caturdaśyāmaruṇābhyudayaṃ prati mahādevatithau brāhme muhūrtte maṇikarṇike snātvā viśveśvaro devyā viśveśvaramapūjayat saṃkṣepaṃ jyotiṣastasya pratiṣṭhākhyaṃ tadā'karot svayameva svamātmānaṃ caran pāśupatavratam ||" iti vratamityanenopavāsa ucyate, ### [5.p1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.15) "tataḥ prabhāte vimale kṛtvā pūjāṃ mahādbhutām daṇḍapāṇermahānāmni vane'smin kṛtapāraṇāḥ ||" iti vacane pāraṇāśabdaśravaṇāt asyāṃ śrīviśveśvaradarśanānmuktiruktā kāśīkhaṇḍe"kārttikasya caturdaśyāṃ viśveśaṃ yo vilokayet snātvā cottaravāhinyāṃ na tasya punarāgatiḥ ||" iti mārgaśīrṣaśuklacaturdaśī piśācamocanī | asyāṃ piśācamocanatīrthayātroktā kāśīkhaṇḍe"mārgaśuklacaturdaśyāṃ kapardīśvarasannidhau snātvā'nyatrāpi maraṇānna paiśācyamavāpnuyuḥ imāṃ sāṃvatsarīṃ yātrāṃ ye kariṣyanti mānavāḥ tīrthapratigrahāt pāpānnistariṣyanti te dvijāḥ ||" iti māghakṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ kṛtyamāha hemādrau yamaḥ— "anarkābhyudite kāle māghakṛṣṇacaturdaśī snātaḥ santarpya tu yamaṃ sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ||" iti atra jīvatpitṛkasyāpyadhikāra ityuktaṃ prāk | māghaśuklacaturdaśī raṭantyākhyā | asyāṃ kṛtyamuktaṃ brahmapurāṇe— "māghaśuklacaturdaśyāṃ viṣṇordehānmarīcayaḥ niścerustilakākārāḥ śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ anarkābhyudite kāle satsu tārāṃśukeṣvapi rājā ca tatra sampūjyo yamaḥ pralayabhāskaraḥ ||" tathā— "sarvāṅgasandhisambhūtā nadyo viṣṇośca tatra vai aruṇodayavelāyāmāraṭantyo'pi nityaśaḥ tatropoṣyā trayodaśyāṃ samprāpte tu niśākṣaye snātvā pūjyo jagadbharttā hariḥ, pūjyāśca tārakāḥ yamo nadyaśca tīrthāni devatāḥ pitarastathā vahniḥ pūjyaśca bhagavān ghṛtāktaistilataṇḍulaiḥ namaḥ praṇavasaṃyuktān satilāṃśca jalāñjalīn yamāya sapta pitre ca dharmarājāya sapta ca mṛtyave sapta deyāśca tathā saptā'ntakāya ca vaivasvatāya saptānyān sapta kālāya vai bahiḥ sapta deyāśca vidhivat sarvaprāṇaharāya ca ||” iti ### [5.p1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.16) evamekonapañcāśadañjalayo bhavanti | tathā— “kṛsaraṃ bhojanīyāśca brāhmaṇāstadanantaram śrāddhaṃ datvā pitṛbhyaśca vimuktaḥ sarvapātakaiḥ tato vitatya bandhubhyaḥ kṛsaraṃ bhakṣayet svayaṃ |'' iti atha phālgunakṛṣṇā caturdaśī śivarātrīḥ śivarātrivinirṇayo mayā sudhiyāṃ prītivivarddhanocitaḥ kriyate gurudiṣṭavartmanā matamāsthāya gurorgarīyasaḥ tatra śivarātriśabdo nirmanthyanyāyena yogarūḍhaḥ | tatpuruṣasamāsena yogena pravarttamānaḥ śabdo rūḍhyā māghakṛṣṇacaturdaśīrūpe kālaviśeṣe niyamyate | tatsvarūpaṃ skānde— “māghasya kṛṣṇapakṣe yā tithiścaiva caturdaśī śivarātriḥ samākhyātā sarvapāpaniṣūdanī ||” iti kāmike'pi— “māghamāse site pakṣe vidyate yā caturdaśī śivarātristu sā jñeyā sarvapuṇyaśubhāvahā ||” iti iyaṃ niśīthavyāpinī grāhyā | taduktamīśānasaṃhitāyām— “māghakṛṣṇacaturdaśyāmādidevo mahāniśi śivaliṅgamabhūttatra koṭisūryasamaprabham tatkālavyāpinī grāhyā śivarātrivrate tithiḥ vyāptyārddharātraṃ yasyāṃ tu labhyate yā caturdaśī tasyāmeva vrataṃ kāryaṃ matprasādārthibhirjanaiḥ pūrvedyurvā paredyurvā mahāniśi caturdaśī vyāptā sā dṛśyate yasyāṃ tasyāṃ kuryād vrataṃ naraḥ |” iti atra mahāniśāśabdena madhyamayāmayormadhyamucyate, “mahāniśā tu vijñeyā madhyaṃ madhyamayāmayoḥ |” iti vākyāt | nāradasaṃhitāyāmapi— “arddharātrayutā yatra māghakṛṣṇā caturdaśī śivarātrivrataṃ tatra so'śvamedhaphalaṃ labhet ||” iti dinadvaye niśīthavyāpinyavyāpinī ceduttaraiva taduktaṃ mādhavīye kāmikasmṛtyantarayoḥ— “ādityāstamaye kāle asti cedyā caturdaśī ### [5.p1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.17) śivarātrivrataṃ tatra so'śvamedhaphalaṃ labhet pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā śivarātricaturdaśī rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ yasmāttasmātāṃ samupoṣayet ||” iti atra pradoṣavedhastatraiva vāyupurāṇe— "trayodṛśyastage sūryye catasṛṣveva nāḍiṣu bhūtaviddhā tu yā tatra śivarātrivrataṃ caret ||" iti pūrvedyureva pradoṣaniśīthobhayavyāptau pūrvā, "trayodaśī yadā devi ! dinamuktipramāṇataḥ jāgare śivarātriḥ syānniśi pūrṇā caturdaśī ||" iti hemādridhṛtaskāndāt | dinamuktirastamayaḥ | paredyurevobhayavyāptau paraiva, "niśādvaye caturdaśyāṃ pūrvā tyājyā parā śubhā |" iti kāmikāt | yadā pūrvedyurniśīthavyāptiḥ paredyuḥ pradoṣavyāptistadā pūrveva, "pūrvaviddhā tu kartavyiā śivarātrirbalerdinam māghaphālgunayormadhye asitā yā caturdaśī anaṅgena samāyuktā kartavyā sā sadā tithiḥ arddharātrātpurastāccejjayāyogo yadā bhavet pūrvaviddhaiva kartavyā śivarātriḥ śivapriyaiḥ |" iti mādhavaparidhṛtaskāndanāgarakhaṇḍapurāṇebhyaḥ | hemādrimadanau tu 'arddharātrād' ityasmādeva vacanāddinadvaye niśīthavyāptau pūrvetyāhatuḥ | asāveva nirṇayo māsaśivarātrāvapi jñeyaḥ | yattu nirṇayāmṛtakāraḥ pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyetyetadvākyaṃ pramāṇīkṛtya sarvāpi śivarātriḥ pradoṣavyāpinyeva grāhyetyāha tadasamañjasam, sarveṣāṃ niśīthavyāptinirṇāyakavacanānāṃ vaiyarthyāpātāt | pradoṣavākyasya codāhṛtarītyopapatteśca | asmin vrate sarveṣāmadhikāraḥ “śivarātrivrataṃ nāma sarvapāpapraṇāśanam ācāṇḍālamanuṣyāṇāṃ bhuktimuktipradāyakam ||” iti hemādridhṛteśānasaṃhitokteḥ | idaṃ vrataṃ nityamityuktaṃ skānde— ### [5.p1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.18) “parātparataraṃ nāsti śivarātriḥ parātparam na pūjayati bhaktyeśaṃ rudraṃ tribhuvaneśvaram janturjanmasahasreṣu bhramate nātra saṃśayaḥ |” ityaniṣṭaśruteḥ “mama bhaktastu yo devi ! śivarātrisupoṣakaḥ śivañca pūjayitvā yo jāgarrti ca caturdaśī mātuḥ payodhararasaṃ na pivet sa kadācana gaṇatvamakṣayaṃ divyamakṣayyaṃ śivaśāsānam sarvān bhuktvā mahābhogān mṛto bhūyo na jāyate |” iti tatraiva phalaśravaṇāt kāmyañca | atra nityavrate pūjaiva pradhānam, pūrvoktāniṣṭavākyayoḥ pūjāmātragrahaṇāt | kāmyavratavidhāyakavākyeṣu tritayagrahaṇāt kāmyavrate upavāsajāgaraṇapūjāḥ pradhānam | prativarṣaṃ kāmyasyāsyāvadhirukto mādhavīye īśānasaṃhitāyām— "evametad vrataṃ kuryātpratisaṃvatsaraṃ vratī dvādaśābdikametatsyāccaturviṃśāndikaṃ tu vā ||” iti iyaṃ yogaviśeṣeṇātipraśastetyuktaṃ mādhavīye skandapurāṇe— “māghakṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ ravivārī yadā bhavet bhaumavāro bhaveddevi ! karttavyaṃ vratamuttamam śivayogasya yoge ca tadbhaveduttamottamam |” iti atra kṛttivāseśvarāccāṃḍapyuktā tatraiva— “kṛttivāseśvaraṃ liṅgamarcayanti śivaṃ śubham te yānti paramasthānaṃ sadā śivamanāmayam ||” iti atra umāsahitaṃ śivaṃ pūjayet | pūjā ca rātrau prahare prahare kāryā, "karttavyā yāmapūjā ca snānaṃ pañcāmṛtena ca |” iti skāndāt | idaṃ ca vrataṃ pātakādimokṣakāmanāyāṃ pratimāsaṃ kāryam | taduktaṃ madanaratne skandapurāṇe— "pratimāsaṃ kāryamityupakramya— yata0 prati caturdaśyāṃ pūjā yatnena me kṛtā tathā jāgaraṇaṃ rātrau sannidhau me kṛtaṃ tadā tena karmavipākena mukto'sau pātakena ca |” iti ### [5.p1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.19) kāmyamāsaśivarātrivratasya grahaṇakālāvadhivratahemādrau skānde— “ādau mārgaśira māsi dīpotsavadine'pi vā gṛhṇīyānmāghamāse vā dvādaśaivamupoṣayet evaṃ dvādaśavarṣe tu dvādaśaiva tapodhanān ||” āmantrayeti śeṣaḥ | tatraiva pakṣāntaram— "sarvakāmapradaṃ kṛṣṇacaturdaśyāṃ śivavratam ityupakramya— caturdaśābdaṃ karttavyaṃ śivarātrivrataṃ śubham |" iti saṃkṣepaḥ athātra sarvalokopakārārthaṃ vārṣikaśivavratānuṣṭhānaprayogaṃ vadāmaḥ | tatra yadyapi bhūyāṃsaḥ prakārā dṛśyante, tathāpi pramāṇībhūtaśivarahasyasaṃvādī tāvatprakāraḥ pradarśyate— "vinā bhasmatripuṇḍreṇa vinā rudrākṣamālayā pūjito'pi mahāde vo na syāttasya phalapradaḥ tasmānmṛdā'pi karttavyaṃ lalāṭe ca tripuṇḍrakam |" iti liṅgapurāṇāt tripuṇḍrarudrākṣamālānvito māsapakṣādyullikhya śrīsadāśivacaraṇapaṅkajaparāgasārūpyakāmo'haṃ mahāśivarātrau vārṣikaṃ śivarātrivrataṃ kariṣye—iti prātaḥ saṅkalpya mantrān paṭhet | nūtanavrate tu nūtanamiti viśeṣaḥ | mantrāstu— "śivarātrivrataṃ hyetat kariṣye'haṃ mahāphalam nirvighramastu me cātra tvatprasādājjagatpate ! caturdaśyāṃ nirāhāro bhūtvā śambho'pare'hani bhokṣye'haṃ bhuktimuktyarthaṃ śaraṇaṃ me maheśvaraḥ0||" iti tato rātrau pūrvayāme śivapūjanaṃ kariṣye—iti saṅkalpya sañjātapratiṣṭhaliṅge śivaṃ mūlamantreṇa 'tryambakam' iti vaidikena vā dugdhābhiṣekapūrvakamāvāhanādiṣoḍaśopacārairarcayet | pūrvapūjāyāmarghyadāne mantraḥ"śivarātrivrataṃ deva ! pūjājapaparāyaṇaḥ karomi vidhivaddattaṃ gṛhāṇārghyaṃ maheśvara ! ||" iti ### [5.p1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.20) tatastatkathāḥ śrutvā dvitīyayāme dadhyabhiṣekapūrvakaṃ prāgvadarcayet arghyadāne mantraḥ"namaḥ śivāya śāntāya sarvapāpaharāya ca śivarātrau dadāmyarghyaṃ prasīda umayā saha ||" iti pūrvavatkathāḥ śrutvā tṛtīyayāme ghṛtābhiṣekapūrvakaṃ prāgvadarcayet arghye mantraḥ"duḥkhadāridryaśokena dagdho'haṃ pārvatīpate ! śivarātrau dadāmyarghyamumākānta ! gṛhāṇa me ||" iti caturthe tu yāme madhvabhiṣekapūrvakamarcayet | arghyapradāne mantraḥ"mayā kṛtānyanekāni pāpāni hara śaṅkara ! śivarātrau dadāmyarghyamumākānta ! gṛhāṇa me ||" iti tataḥ pūjānte"bhavāya bhavanāśāya mahādevāya dhīmate rudrāya nīlakaṇṭhāya śivāya śaśimauline ugrāyogrāghanāśāya bhīmāya bhavarūpiṇe īśānāya namastubhyaṃ paśūnāṃ pataye namaḥ ||" iti caturthyantairnāmabhirbilvapatrāṇi samarpayet | evaṃ rātrimativāhya uṣasi vrataṃ samarpayet | tatra mantraḥ— “avighnena vrataṃ deva ! tvatprasādāt samāpitam kṣamasva jagatāṃ nātha ! trailokyādhipate ! hara ! yanmayā'dya kṛtaṃ puṇyaṃ taddrudrasya niveditam tvatprasādānmahādeva ! vratamadya samarpitam prasanno bhava me śrīman ! sadgatiḥ pratipādyatām tvadālokanamātreṇa pavitro'smi na saṃśayaḥ ||” iti tato dvitīye'hni snātvā kṛtanityakriya ekādaśa viprān aśaktau yathāsāmarthyaṃ bhojayitvā, “saṃsārakleśadagdhasya vratenānena śaṅkara ! prasīda sumukho nātha ! jñānadṛṣṭiprado bhava ||” iti devaṃ samprārthya putramitrādyanvitaḥ pāraṇaṃ kuryāt | yadā pratiṣṭhitaṃ liṅgaṃ nāsti tadaivaṃ prakāraḥ— harāya nama iti mṛdamānīya, tāṃ saṃśodhya, maheśvarāya nama ### [5.p1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.21) iti liṅgaṃ vidhāya, śūlapāṇaye nama iti śiva ! iha supratiṣṭhito bhaveti pratiṣṭhāpya, “dhyāyennityaṃ maheśaṃ rajatagirinibhaṃ cārucandrāvataṃsaṃ ratnākalpojjvalāṅgaṃ paraśumṛgavarābhītihastaṃ prasannam padmāsīnaṃ samantātstutamamaragaṇairvyāghrakṛttiṃ vasānaṃ viśvādyaṃ viśvabījaṃ nikhilabhayaharaṃ pañcavaktraṃ trinetram ||” iti dhyātvā pūrvoktaprakāreṇa pūjayedityalaṃ vistṛtikathayā pāraśaṃ tūrvaritacaturdaśyāmeva kāryam | taduktaṃ mādhavīye skandapurāṇe— “upoṣaṇaṃ caturdaśyāṃ caturdaśyāṃ ca pāraṇam kṛtaiḥ sukṛtalakṣaiśca labhyate yadi vā na vā brahmāṇḍodaramadhye tu yāni tīrthāni santi vai saṃsnātāni bhavantīha bhūtāyāṃ pāraṇe kṛte tithīnāmeva sarvāsāmupavāsavratādiṣu tithyante pāraṇaṃ kuryādvinā śivacaturdaśīm ||” iti yattu— “janmāṣṭamī rohiṇī ca śivarātristathaiva ca pūrvaviddhaiva karttavyā tithibhānte ca pāraṇam ||” iti, yacca skānde— “kṛṣṇāṣṭamī skandaṣaṣṭhī śivarātricaturdaśī etāḥ pūrvayutāḥ kāryāstithyante pāraṇaṃ bhavet ||” iti tatpāraṇakāle caturdaśyalābhaparam atha caturdaśyāmupavāsaḥ kedārakuṇḍodakapānaṃ ca kāryamityuktaṃ skandapurāṇe— “caitrakṛṣṇacaturdaśyāmupavāsaṃ vidhāya ca kedārodakapānañca tathā tatra phalaṃ labhet ||” iti caturdaśī śanivāreṇa siddhā, ravivāreṇa viruddhā | yoginyatra paścimāyām | iti caturdaśī nirṇītā atha amā nirṇīyate | sā vratādāvuttarā grāhyā, yugmavākyāt | upavāse'pyayameva nirṇayaḥ, “amāvāsyā tṛtīyā ca tā upoṣyāḥ parānvitāḥ |” iti smṛteḥ | iyaṃ somavārayuktā kapilātīrthe śrāddhādāvatipraśastā, ### [5.p1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.22) “amāsomasamāyoge śrāddhaṃ yadyatra labhyate tīrthe kapiladhāre'smin gayāyāṃ puṣkareṇa kim divyantarikṣabhūtāni yāni tīrthāni sarvaśaḥ tānyatra tvavatiṣṭhanti darśa somadinānvite ||” iti kāśīkhaṇḍokteḥ | śaṅkhasmṛtāvapi— “amāvāsyā tu somena saptamī bhānunā tathā caturthī bhūmiputreṇa somaputreṇa cāṣṭamī catasrastithayastvetāḥ sūryagrahaṇasannibhāḥ snānaṃ dānaṃ tathā śrāddhaṃ sarvaṃ tatrākṣayaṃ bhavet ||” iti amāyāḥ somādiyoge puṣkarasaṃjñoktā hemādrau śrīmahābhārate— “amā some tathā bhaume guruvāre yadā bhavet tattīrthaṃ puṣkaraṃ nāma sūryaparvaśatādhikam ||” iti śātātapaḥ— “amāvāsyā somavāre sūryavāre ca saptamī aṅgārakadine prāpte caturthī vā caturdaśī tatra yaḥ kurute karma śubhaṃ vā yadi vā'śubham ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi karttā tatphalamaśnute ||” iti atha kṛṣṇapratipadādijyeṣṭhāmāryā vaṭasāvitrīvratamuktaṃ bhaviṣye“amāyāṃ ca tathā jyeṣṭhe vaṭamūle mahāsatī trirātropoṣitā nārī vidhinā'nena pūjayet ||” iti idaṃ kānyakubjeṣu prasiddham | tacca pūrvaviddhāyāmeva kāryam, “bhūtaviddhā na karttavyā amāvāsyā ca pūrṇimā varjayitvā naraśreṣṭha ! sāvitrīvratamuttamam ||” iti brahmavaivarttāt | bhādrāmāryā darbhasaṃgrahaḥ kāryaḥ, “māse nabhasyamāvāsyā tasyāṃ darbhoccayo mataḥ ayātayāmāste darbhā viniyojyāḥ punaḥ punaḥ ||” iti hārītokteḥ | nabhaḥ śrāvaṇaḥ | sa ca darśānto bodhyaḥ ‘ayātayāmāḥ’ agratarasā ityarthaḥ | pūrṇimāntamāsenā''śvināmāyogaviśeṣeṇa gajacchāyetyuktaṃ vāyupurāṇe“haṃse haṃsasthite yā tu amāvāsyā karānvitā sā jñeyā kuñjaracchāyā iti baudhāyano'bravīt ||” ### [5.p1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.23) ‘haṃsaḥ’ sūryo hastanakṣatraṃ ca | atra śrāddhaṃ praśastamityuktaṃ prāk kārttikāmāyāmabhyaṅgasnānaṃ kṛtvā alakṣmīparihārāya sveṣṭadevatāṃ pūjayedityuktaṃ kālādarśe“pratyūṣe aśvayugdarśa kṛtābhyaṅgādimaṅgalaḥ bhaktyā prapūjayeddevīmalakṣmīvinivṛttaye ||” atra kṛtyāntaraṃ hemādrāvādityapurāṇe-yattu-ityanenāmāyāṃ bhojanaṃ rātrau niṣiddham, tad rāgaprāptaṃ na vaidham; vidhispṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśāt | iyameva rātriḥ sukharātriḥ | atra sarvadevānāṃ sukhaśayanamuktaṃ tatraiva-viśeṣo brāhme— “arddharātre bhramatyeva lakṣmīrāśrayituṃ gṛhān ataḥ svalaṅkṛtā liptā dīpairjāgrajjanotsavāḥ sudhādhavalitāḥ kāryāḥ puṣpamālopaśobhitāḥ |” iti atra niśīthottaramalakṣmīniḥsāraṇamuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte bhaviṣye— “evaṃ gate niśīthe tu jane nidrārddhalocane tāvannagaranārībhistūryyaḍiṇḍimavādanaiḥ niṣkāśyate prahṛṣṭābhiralakṣmīḥ svagṛhāṅgaṇān |”iti iyaṃ pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā, karmakālatvāt | dinadvaye tadvyāptāvuttarā, sāmānyanirṇayāt | ubhayadine tadvyāptyabhāve'rddharātravyāpinī grāhyā, lakṣmyā gamanakālatvāt | asyāmeva kedāragaurīvrataṃ kāryam, “āśvinasyāsite pakṣe amāvāsyā yadā bhavet tasyāṃ vratamidaṃ kāryaṃ yathoktaṃ śambhunā purā ||” iti padmapurāṇāt | iyamatra sāmānyanirṇayāduttarā grāhyā | māghāmāyāṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sampūjya navanītadhenuṃ brāhmaṇāya dadyādityuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte brahmapurāṇe— “amāyāṃ māghamāsasya pūjayitvā pitāmaham gāyatryā sahitaṃ devaṃ vedavedāṅgabhūṣitam navanītamayīṃ dhenuṃ brāhmaṇāya nivedayet |” iti atraiva yogaviśeṣeṇā'rddhodaya ukto hemādrau skānde— ### [5.p1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.24) “māghāmāyāṃ vyatīpāte āditye viṣṇudaivate arddhodayaṃ tamityāhuḥ sahasrārkagrahaiḥ samaḥ ||” iti madanaratne bhārate'pi— “amārkapātaśravaṇairyuktā cetpuṣyamāghayoḥ arddhodayaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ koṭisūryagrahaiḥ samaḥ divaiva yogaḥ śasto'yaṃ na tu rātrau kadācana |” iti divaivetyarddhaṃ nirṇayāmṛta eva paṭhitaṃ nānyagrantheṣu | atra dānamuktaṃ skānde— “arddhodaye tu samprāpte sarvaṃ gaṅgāsamaṃ jalam śuddhātmāno dvijāḥ sarve bhaveyurbrahmasammitāḥ yatkiñcit kriyate dānaṃ merusannibhamiṣyate catuḥṣaṣṭipalaṃ mukhyamamatraṃ tatra kārayet catvāriṃśatpalaṃ vā'tha pañcaviṃśatimeva ca nidhāya pāyasaṃ tatra padmamaṣṭadalaṃ likhet padmasya karṇikāyāṃ tu karṣamātraṃ suvarṇakam tadabhāve tadarddhaṃ vā tadarddhaṃ vāpi kārayet kṛtvā tu taṇḍulaiḥ śuddhaiḥ padmamaṣṭadalaṃ śubham amatraṃ sthāpayettatra brahmaviṣṇuśivātmakam teṣāṃ prītikarārthāya śvetamālyaiḥ suśobhanaiḥ vastrādibhiralaṅkṛtya brāhmaṇāya nivedayet ||” iti dāne mantraḥ— “sauvarṇaṃ pāyasāmatraṃ yasmādetattrayātmakam āvayostārakaṃ yasmāttadgṛhāṇa dvijottama ! ||” “samudramekhalāṃ pṛthvīṃ samyag datvā tu yatphalam tatphalaṃ labhate martyaḥ kṛtvā dānamamatrakam ||” iti hemādrau skānde tu viśeṣaḥ— “brahmaviṣṇumaheśānāṃ sauvarṇaṃ palasaṅkhyayā pratimāstu prakarttavyā tadarddhena dvijottama ! sāgraṃ śatatrayaṃ śambhordroṇānāṃ tilaparvatāḥ |” “karttavyau parvatau viṣṇurudrayoḥ pūrvasaṃkhyayā śayyātrayaṃ tataḥ kuryādupaskarasamanvitam madhyāhne tu naraḥ snātvā śucirbhūtvā samāhitaḥ tilaparvatamadhyasthaṃ pūjayed devatātrayam ### [5.p1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.25) brahmaviṣṇuśivaprītyai dātavyaṃ tu gavāṃ trayam hiraṇyabhūmidhānyādidānaṃ vibhavasārataḥ devatātrayamuddiśya karttavyaṃ bhaktiśaktitaḥ etatsarvaṃ brāhmaṇebhyo dātavyaṃ ca prayatnataḥ ||” iti atha yasyāṃ kasyāmamāyāṃ yogaviśeṣaiḥ pāribhāṣiko vyatīpāta ukto bhārate— “śravaṇāśivadhaniṣṭhādraunāgadaivatamastakaiḥ amā cedū ravivā‌reṇa vyatīpātaḥ sa ucyate tatra japtaṃ hutaṃ dattaṃ sarvaṃ koṭiguṇaṃ bhavet ||” “paurṇamāsī mahārāja ! somasya dayitā tithiḥ pūrṇo māso bhaved yasmāt paurṇamāsī tataḥ smṛtā ||” iti “bhūtaviddhā na karttavyā darśaḥ pūrṇā kadācana varjayitvā muniśreṣṭha ! sāvitrīvratamuttamam ||” iti “bhūto'ṣṭādaśanāḍībhirdūṣayatyuttarāṃ tithim iti skāndoktadūṣaṇadūṣitatvāt | tadidaṃ mādhavamataṃ rītikābharaṇavadāpātaramaṇīyam | hemādrimataṃ suvarṇasvarṇābharaṇavad ramaṇīyam tathāhi“nāgaviddhā na karttavyā ṣaṣṭhī caiva kadācana ekādaśī na karttavyā daśamīsaṃyutā vibho ! bhūtaviddhā na karttavyā darśaḥ pūrṇā kadācana |” ityasya śeṣo'yam , “nāgo dvādaśanāḍībhirddikpañcadaśabhistathā bhūto'ṣṭādaśanāḍībhirdūṣayatyuttarāṃ tithim ||” iti lāghavāt | tathā ca yatra bhūtaviddhā niṣiddhā tatraivāya˙ viśeṣavidhirbhavati, na tu sāvitrīvrate | so'pi karmakālavyāptiśāstraudāsīnya iti na mādhavamatadūṣaṇanistāraḥ | asyāmapyamāvāsyāvacchrāddhaṃ nityam, “amāvāsyāvyatīpātapaurṇamāsyaṣṭakāsu ca vidvān śrāddhamakurvāṇo narakaṃ pratipadyate ||” iti pitāmahokteḥ | taccā'piṇḍakaṃ kāryam | tadāha nirṇayadīpe gargaḥ— “paurṇamāsīṣu sarvāsu niṣiddhaṃ piṇḍapātanam ### [5.p1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.26) varjayitvā prauṣṭhapadīṃ yathā darśastathaiva sā ||” iti atha caitrapaurṇamāsyāṃ damanena śivapūjoktā vāyavīye— “saṃvatsarakṛtārcāyāḥ sāphalyāyā'khilān surān damanenārcayeddevaṃ viśeṣeṇa sadāśivam ||” iti iyaṃ mandādivāreṇātiśastetyuktaṃ brahmapurāṇe— “mande vā'rke gurau vāpi vāreṣveteṣu caitrikī tatrā''śvamedhikaṃ puṇyaṃ dānena labhate naraḥ ||” iti iyaṃ manvādiḥ, pūrvoktavacanāt | vaiśākhyāṃ vaiśākhavratināṃ vaiśākhodyāpanamuktaṃ padmapurāṇe— “māsamekaṃ bahiḥ snātvā nadyādau vimale jale ekādaśyāṃ ca dvādaśyāṃ paurṇamāsyāmathāpi vā upoṣya niyato bhūtvā kuryādudyāpanaṃ tataḥ maṇḍapaṃ kārayedādā kalaśaṃ tatra vinyaset niṣkeṇa vā tadarddhena tadarddhārddhena vā punaḥ śaktyā vā kārayeddevaṃ sauvarṇaṃ lakṣaṇānvitam lakṣmīyutaṃ jagannāthaṃ pūjayedāsane budhaḥ bhūṣaṇaiścandanaiḥ puṣpairdīpairnaivedyasañcayaiḥ evaṃ sampūjya vidhivad rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ caret śvobhūte kṛtamaitro'tha grahavedyāṃ grahān yajet homaṃ kuryāt prayatnena pāyasena vicakṣaṇaḥ tilājyena yavairvāpi sarvairvāpi svaśaktitaḥ aṣṭottarasahasraṃ vā śatamaṣṭottarantu vā pratadviṣṇuranenaiva idaṃ viṣṇuranena vā vratasampūrtisiddhyarthaṃ dhenumekāṃ payasvinīm pādukopānahacchatraṃ gurave vyajanaṃ tathā śayyāṃ svopaskarāṃ dadyād dīpikāṃ darpaṇaṃ tathā brāhmaṇān bhojayet triṃśat tebhyo dadyācca dakṣiṇām kalaśān jalapūrṇāṃstu tebhyo dadyād yavāṃstathā evaṃ kṛte mādhavasya udyāpanavidhau śubhe phalamāpnoti sakalaṃ viṣṇusāyujyamāpnuyāt ||” iti yadā vaiśākho malamāsastadā tasminnevārabdhaṃ malamāsāt prāg ### [5.p1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.27) yatkāmyamasamāpitam-‘samprāpte malamāse'pi tatsamāpyamasaṃśayam|’ asmātkāṇvagṛ hyātsamāpanīyamiti hemādrimadanāvṛtuḥ | asyāmeva śṛtānnaṃ codakumbhaṃ dharmarājaprītaye deyamityuktaṃ jāvālinā— “śṛtānnamudakumbhañca vaiśākhyāñca viśeṣataḥ nirdiśya dharmarājāya godānaphalamāpnuyāt ||” iti ‘śṛtam’ pakvam | asyāṃ kṛṣṇājinadānamapyuktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte purāṇasamuccaye— “vaiśākhyāṃ paurṇamāsyāṃ tu viśākhā tu viśeṣataḥ yastu kṛṣṇājinaṃ dadyāt sakhuraṃ śṛṅgasaṃyutam tilaiḥ pracchādya vāsobhiḥ sarvavastrairalaṃkṛtam sasamudraguhā tena saśailavanakānanā saptadvīpānvitā dattā pṛthivī nātra saṃśayaḥ ||” iti hemādrau bhaviṣye— "kumbhān svacchajalaiḥ pūrṇān hiraṇyena samanvitān vaiśākhe brāhmaṇe datvā na śocati kṛtāntataḥ ||” iti jyeṣṭhapaurṇamāsyāṃ sāvitrīvratamuktaṃ bhaviṣye— "jyeṣṭhe māsi site pakṣe paurṇamāsyāṃ tathā vratam cīrṇaṃ purā mahābhaktyā kathitaṃ te mayā nṛpa !||” iti "pratipatpañcamībhūtasāvitrīvratapūrṇimā navamī daśamī caiva nopoṣyāḥ syuḥ parānvitāḥ ||” iti brahmavaivarttāt, "bhūtaviddhā sinīvālī na tu tatra vrataṃ caret varjayitvā tu sāvitrīvrataṃ tu śikhivāhana !||” iti skāndācca iyaṃ pūrvaviddhā grāhyā | atra viśeṣo bhaviṣye— "sāvitrīpratimāṃ kuryātsauvarṇīṃ vāpi mṛṇmayīm sārddhaṃ satyavatā sādhvīṃ phalanaivedyadīpakaiḥ pūjayediti śeṣaḥ sāvitryākhyānakaṃ cāpi vācayīta dvijottamaḥ rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ kṛtvā prabhāte vimale tataḥ tāmapi brāhmaṇe datvā praṇipatya kṣamāpayet |” pratimādāne mantraḥ— "sāvitrīyaṃ mayā dattā sahiraṇyā mahāsatī ### [5.p1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.28) brahmaṇaḥ prīṇanārthāya brāhmaṇa ! pratigṛhyatām ||” iti atra sarvavrateṣu kathādikaṃ vistarabhiyā noktam, tat śrīmātulakṛtavratārke draṣṭavyam | atra viśeṣo nirṇayāmṛte ādityapurāṇe"jyeṣṭhe māsi tilān dadyātpaurṇamāsyāṃ viśeṣataḥ so'śvamedhasya yatpuṇyaṃ tatprāpnoti na saṃśayaḥ ||" iti viṣṇurapi"jyeṣṭhī jyeṣṭhādyutā cetsyācchatropānatpradānena naro narādhipatyamāpnoti ||" iti āṣāḍhī kokilāvrate sandhyākālavyāpinī grāhyā, "āṣāḍhapaurṇamāsyāṃ tu sandhyākāle'pyupasthite saṅkalpayenmāsamekaṃ śrāvaṇe pratyahaṃ hyaham snānaṃ kariṣye niyatā brahmacaryasthitā satī bhokṣyāmi naktaṃ bhūśayyāṃ kariṣye prāṇināṃ dayām ||” iti bhaviṣyāt | vyāsapūjādau tvaudayikī sārddhatrimuhūrttā grāhyā, "trimuhūrttādhikaṃ grāhyaṃ parva kṣaurapramāṇayoḥ |" iti viśveśvarapaddhatāvuktatvāt | atraiva bhārabhūteśā''ṣāḍhīśayoḥ pūjā yātrā ca kāryā, "udīcyāṃ bhārabhūteśamāṣāḍhīśaṃ samarcayet kṛtvā sāṃvatsarīṃ yātrāmanenā jāyate naraḥ ||” iti kāśīkhaṇḍāt | asyāṃ śivaśayanamuktaṃ hemādrau vāmanapurāṇe— “paurṇamāsyāmumānāthaḥ svapate carmasaṃstare vaiyāghye ca jaṭābhāraṃ samudgrathyā'hicarmaṇā ||” iti atra viṣṇuśayanamapyuktaṃ kalpatarau yamena— “kṣīrābdhau śeṣaparyaṅke āṣāḍhyāṃ saṃviśeddhariḥ nidrāṃ tyajati kārttikyāṃ tayoḥ sampūjayeddharim brahmahatyādikaṃ pāpaṃ kṣiprameva vyapohati hiṃsātmakaistu kiṃ tasya yajñaiḥ kāryaṃ mahātmanaḥ prasvāpe ca prabodhe ca pūjito yena keśavaḥ ||” iti na cāṣāḍhasyeyamekādaśī āṣāḍhī, kārttikasyeyamekādaśī kārtikīti vyutpattyā''ṣāḍhīkārttikīpadena cāṣāḍhakārttikayorekādaśī ### [5.p1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.29) grāhyeti vācyam, “āṣāḍhaśuklapakṣānte bhagavān madhusūdanaḥ bhogibhoge nijāṃ māyāṃ yoganidrāṃ samāpnuyāt ||” iti viṣṇudharmottare pakṣāntagrahaṇāt | na ca “āṣāḍhaśuklaikādaśyāṃ kuryātsvāpamahotsavam”iti pūrvoktaskāndavirodha iti vācyam, deśabhedena sampradāyabhedena ca vyavasthāsambhavāt | asyāmannādidānaṃ kāryam, “āṣāḍhyāmāṣāḍhayutāyāmannapānādidānenākṣayyamāpnoti” iti viṣṇūkteḥ atha śrāvaṇapaurṇamāsī pavitrāropaṇādau pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā, 'śrāvaṇī durganavamī' iti bṛhadyamokteḥ asyāmupākarma kāryam, "adhyāyānāmupākarma śrāvaṇyāṃ śravaṇena vā hastenauṣadhibhāve vā pañcamyāṃ śrāvaṇasya tu ||” iti yājñavalkyokteḥ | 'adhyāyānām' vedānām | “pañcamyāṃ hastena yuktāyāmupākarma kāryam” iti hemādrimatam | apare tu— "prāñco hastena yukte'hani pañcamyāṃ vā” iti vyācakṣate smṛtyarthasāre tu— “śrāvaṇamāsasya śravaṇe vā pañcamyāṃ haste pañcamīhastayoge vā kāryam” ityuktam | oṣadhīnāṃ prādurbhāvābhāve bahvṛcakārikāyām— “avṛṣṭyauṣadhayastasmin māse tu na bhavanti cet tadā bhādrapade māse śravaṇena karoti tat ||” iti evaṃ sūtakādinā'pyantarite bhādrapade śravaṇena kāryam tatrāpyantarite tu notkarṣaḥ, “vārṣikamityetadācakṣate” iti sūtre vārṣikamiti samākhyābalāt | varṣāsu kriyata iti vārṣikam, śrāvaṇabhādrapadāveva varṣā ṛtuḥ | atra śravaṇaṃ dhaniṣṭhāyutaṃ grāhyam tadāha vyāsaḥ— "dhaniṣṭhāsaṃyute kuryācchrāvaṇaṃ karma yadbhavet tatkarma saphalaṃ jñeyamupākaraṇasaṃjñitam śravaṇena tu yatkarma hyuttarāṣāḍhasaṃyutam saṃvatsarakṛto'dhyāyastatkṣaṇādeva naśyati ||” gargaḥ— ### [5.p1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.30) “parvaṇyaudayike kuryuḥ śrāvaṇaṃ taittirīyakāḥ bahvṛcāḥ śravaṇe kuryurgrahasaṃkrāntivarjite ||” iti atra taittirīyapadaṃ yajurvedimātraparam | yadā śravaṇaṃ parva vā grahaṇasaṃkrāntibhyāmanvitam, tadā pañcamyāmūpākarmma kāryyam taduktaṃ madanaratne smṛtyantare— “upāka rma na kurvanti kramāt sāmargyajurvidaḥ grahasaṃkrāntiyukteṣu hastaśravaṇaparvasu ||” tathā— “yadi syācchāvaṇaṃ parva grahasaṃkrāntidūṣitam syādupākaraṇaṃ śuklapañcamyāṃ śrāvaṇasya tu ||” iti atra viśeṣaṃ prayogapārijāte vṛddhamanukātyāyanāvāhatuḥ— “yadyarddharātrādārvāktu grahaḥ saṃkrama eva vā nopākarma tadā kuryyācchāvaṇyāṃ śravaṇe'pi vā ardharātrādadhastāccet saṃkrāntirgrahaṇaṃ tadā upākarmma na kurvīta parataścenna doṣakṛt ||” iti ‘parataścet pare'hani’ ityapi kvacit pāṭhaḥ | tadā pare'hanyapi niṣedha iti samayamayūkhe guravaḥ yattū vacanajātaṃ— “trayodaśyādito varjyaṃ dinānāṃ navakaṃ dhruvam maṅgalyeṣu samasteṣu grahaṇe candrasūryyayoḥ dvādaśyāditṛtīyānto vedha indugrahe smṛtaḥ ekādaśyāditaḥ saure caturthyantaḥ prakīrttitaḥ khaṇḍagrahe tayoḥ prokta ubhayatra dinatrayam |” ityādi paurṇamāsīvyatiriktadināntarasyāpi sadoṣatvapratipādakakarmmādyatiriktakarmmaviṣayaṃ bodhyam, “nitye naimittike japye homayajñakriyāsu ca upākarmmaṇi cotsarge grahavedho na vidyate ||” iti madanaratnadhṛtavacanāt kecittu— “vedopākaraṇe prāpte kulīre saṃsthite ravau upākarma na karttavyaṃ karttavyaṃ siṃhayuktake ||” iti vacanād bahvṛcānāṃ siṃhārka evopākarmmā''huḥ, tanna, ### [5.p1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.31) bahvṛcānprati tvanena vacanenā'prāptasiṃhārke vidhīyamāne gauravaprasaṅgāt | nanu tarhītasya vacanasya kā gatiriti cecchṛṇu, idaṃ hi vacanaṃ sāmagān prati yuktam | teṣāṃ hi— “siṃhe ravau tu puṣyarke pūrvāhṇe vicaredbahiḥ chandogā militāḥ kuryustsargaṃ svasvacchandasām śuklapakṣe tu hastena upākarmāparāhnikam |” iti gargavacanena siṃhārka eva tadvidhānāt 'chandogāḥ' sāmagāḥ | adhimāse upākarma na kāryam, "upākarma tathotsargaḥ prasavāhyotsavo'ṣṭakāḥ māsavṛddhau pare kāryā varjayitvā tu paitṛkam ||” iti parāśaroktaḥ | 'pare' uttare māsītyarthaḥ | 'prasavāhotsavaḥ' janmadinotsavo varddhamānasaṃjñakaḥ "utkarṣaḥ kālavṛddhau syādupākarmādikarmaṇi abhiṣekādivṛddhīnāṃ na tūtkarṣo yugādiṣu ||” iti kātyāyanavacanācca yattu— “daśaharāsu notkarṣaścaturṣvapi yugādiṣu upākarmamahāṣaṣṭhyorhetadiṣṭaṃ vṛṣāditaḥ ||” iti ṛṣyaśṛṅgavacanaṃ chandogaviṣayam | teṣāṃ hi 'siṃhārka eva' tadukteranyeṣāṃ sauramāsagrahaṇe pramāṇābhāvāt yastu gurubhārgavayoriti vakṣyamāṇasaṃgrahavacane prathamopākarmaniṣedhaḥ, sa sāmagaviṣaya eva teṣāṃ dvitīyādiprayogasya siṃharavau malamāse sati tatraiva karttavyatvāt kūrmapurāṇe— "śrāvaṇasya tu māsasya paurṇamāsyāṃ dvijottamāḥ ! āṣāḍhyāṃ prauṣṭhapadyāṃ vā vedopākaraṇaṃ smṛtam ||” iti āṣāḍhī tu baudhāyanaparā, “śrāvaṇyāṃ paurṇamāsyāmāṣāḍhyāṃ vopākṛtya” iti sūtrāt | prauṣṭhapadī hiraṇyakeśitaittirīyāṇām, sāpi yadā śrāvaṇīgrahasaṃkrāntisaṃyuktā tadaiva nānyatheti| atra taittirīyāṇāṃ prāguktamaudayikaṃ parva udājahāra pārāśarīye gārgyaḥ— ### [5.p1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.32) "śrāvaṇīpaurṇamāsī tu saṃgavāt parato yadi tadaivaudayikī grāhyā nānyadaudayikī bhavet ||" iti atra paurṇamāsīti śravaṇahastayorupalakṣaṇam| tena tāvapi saṅgavaspṛṣṭau grāhyau tathā ca pṛthvīcandrodaye— "udaye saṃgavasparśe śrutau parvaṇi cā'rkabhe kuryyurnabhasyupākarma ṛgyajuḥsāmagāḥ kramāt ||" iti yājuṣaiḥ pūrvāhṇe kāryyam, “bhavedupākṛtiḥ paurṇamāsyāṃ pūrvāhna eva tu" iti pracetovacanāt| chandogaistu aparāhṇe kāryyam, "adhyāyānāmupākarmma kuryāt kāle'parāhnike pūrvāhṇe tu visargaḥ syāditi vedavido viduḥ ||” iti gobhilokteḥ| atra svasvaśākhokto homaḥ kāryyaḥ| atra'rṣipūjanatarpaṇe āha kārṣṇājiniḥ— "upākarmmaṇi cotsarge yathākālaṃ sametya tu ṛṣīn darbhamayān kṛtvā pūjayet tarpayet tataḥ ||" iti vyāsaḥ— “viṣṭaraṃ saptabhirddarbhairdvādaśāṅgulidairdhikam caturaṅgulamagraṃ syādgranthimekāṅguliṃ tathā pradakṣiṇamamuṃ kṛtvā ṛṣīnāvāhya tarpayet ṛṣīṇāmarcanaṃ sarvvaṃ karttavyañca nivītinā ||” iti “vedārambhaṇataḥ pūrvvaṃ saktuprāśanataḥ param navayajñopavītāni hutvā datvā ca dhārayet ||” iti “upākarmaṇi viprebhyo dadyād yajñopavītakam āyuṣmān jāyate tena karmaṇā mānavo bhuvi ||” iti “mauñjīṃ yajñopavītañca navaṃ daṇḍaṃ ca dhārayet ajinaṃ kaṭisūtrañca navaṃ vastraṃ tathaiva ca ||” iti “gurubhārgavayaurmauḍhye bālye cārddhaṣike'pi vā tathā'dhimāsasaṃsarpamalamāsādiṣu dvijāḥ prathamopākṛtirna syāt kṛtakarmvavināśakṛt |” iti “vyāpyārāmataḍāgakūpabhavanārambhapratiṣṭhe vratārambhotsargavadhūpraveśanamahādānāni somāṣṭake godānāgrayaṇaprapāprathamakopākarmvavedavrataṃ ### [5.p1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.33) nīlodvāhamathātipannaśiśusaṃskārān surasthāpanam dīkṣāmauñjivivāhamaṇḍanamapūrvaṃ devatīrthekṣaṇaṃ saṃnyāsāgniparigrahau nṛpatisaṃdarśābhiṣekau gamam cāturmāsyasamāvṛtī śravaṇayorvedhaṃ parīkṣāṃ tyajed vṛddhatvāstaśiśutva ijyasitayornyūnādhimāse tathā ||” iti “upākarmaṇi cotsarge vratasnāne tathaiva ca candrasūryagrahe caiva rajodoṣo na vidyate ||” “pauṣamāsasya rohiṇyāmaṣṭakāyāmathāpi vā jalānte chandasāṃ kuryādutsargaṃ vidhivadbahiḥ ||” “puṣye tu chandasāṃ kuryādvahirutsarjanaṃ dvijaḥ māghaśuklasya vā prāpte pūrvāhṇe prathame'hani ||” iti “śrāvaṇyāṃ prauṣṭhapadyāṃ vā hyupākṛtya yathāvidhi yuktaśchandāṃsyadhīyīta māsāna vipro'rddhapañcamān ||” yadā hi śrāvaṇyāmupākarmma kriyate tadā pauṣaśuklapratipadi pūrvāhne utsarjanam | yadā tu prauṣṭhapadyāṃ tadā māghaśuklapratipadi pūrvāhne iti | arddhapañcamān arddhaiḥ pañcamyo yeṣviti vyutpattyā sārddhacatura ityarthaḥ | āśvalāyanāstu māghyāmeva kuryuḥ “adhyāyotsarjanaṃ māghyāṃ paurṇamāsyāṃ vidhīyate |” iti kārikokteḥ | upākarmmadine vā kāryyam, “puṣye tūtsarjanaṃ kuryyādupākarmadine'pi vā |” iti hemādrau khādiragṛhyokteḥ | sāmagāstu siṃhasthe sūryye puṣyanakṣatre kuryuḥ, ‘siṃha ravau’ iti prāguktavacanāt | yadā tu siṃhasthe sūryye pūrve hasta eva bhavati tatpūrvaḥ puṣyastu kanyāsthe ravau, tadā tatraivotsarjanaṃ kṛtvā siṃhārkahaste upākarmma kāryyam, “māse prauṣṭhapade hastātpuṣyaḥ pūrvo bhaved yadā tadā tu śrāvaṇe kuryyādutsargaṃ chandasāṃ dvijaḥ ||” ### [5.p1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.34) iti kātyāyanavacanāt | prauṣṭhapadaśrāvaṇaśabdau sauramāsaparau, sāmagānāṃ sauramāse evopākarmotsarjanavidhānāt | atrāpi ṛṣīna pūjayedityuktaṃ prāgittyalaṃ prāsaṅgikena | asyāmāśvalāyanaiḥ śravaṇākarma kāryyam, “śrāvaṇyāṃ paurṇamāsyāṃ śravaṇākarma” iti sūtrāt | sarpavalirapyatraiva kāryyaḥ | idañca karmmadvayaṃ pradoṣavyāpinyāṃ paurṇamāsyāṃ kāryam “astamite sthālīpākaṃ śrapayitvā” iti sūtrāt | “idaṃ cā'bhuktavaiva kāryam” iti prayogaratne'smanmātuḥ prapitāmahacaraṇāḥ | “bhuktvā kāryam” ityapi kecit asyāmeva rakṣābandhanamuktaṃ hemādrau bhaviṣyottare— “samprāpte śrāvaṇasyānte paurṇamāsyāṃ dinodaye snānaṃ kurvīta matimān śrutismṛtividhānataḥ tato'parāhnasamaye rakṣāpoṭalikāṃ śubhām kārayedakṣataiḥ śastaiḥ siddhārthairhemabhūṣitaiḥ vicitratantugrathitāṃ badhnīyād dakṣiṇe kare |” mantraḥ— “yena baddho balī rājā dānavendro mahābalaḥ tena mantreṇa badhnāmi rakṣe ! mā cala mā cala ||” iti tathā tatraiva— “yaḥ śrāvaṇe vimalamāsi vidhānavijño rakṣāvidhānamidamācarate manuṣyaḥ āste sukhena parameṇa sa varṣamekaṃ putraprapautrasahitaḥ sasuhṛjjanaśca ||” iti atra sarveṣāmapyadhikārastatraivoktaḥ— “brāhmaṇaiḥ kṣatriyairvaiśyaiḥ śūdraiścānyaiśca mānavaiḥ karttavyo rakṣikābandho dvijān sampūjya yatnataḥ anena vidhinā yastu rakṣābandhanamācaret sa sarvadoṣarahitaḥ sukhaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ vaset ||” iti idaṃ ca bhadrāyāṃ na kāryam | taduktaṃ nirṇayāmṛte saṃgrahe— "bhadrāyāṃ dve na karttavye śrāvaṇī phālgunī tathā śrāvaṇī nṛpatiṃ hanti grāmaṃ dahati phālgunī ||” iti ### [5.p1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1.35) asyāmeva hayagrīvayātroktā kalpatarau brāhme— “śrāvaṇyāṃ śravaṇe jātaḥ pūrvaṃ hayaśirā hariḥ jagāda sāmavedaṃ tu sarvakalmapanāśanaḥ snātvā saṃpūjayeraṃ tu śaṅkhacakragadādharam |” iti atha bhādrapaurṇamāsyāṃ nāndīmukhaśrāddhamuktaṃ brahmapurāṇe— “nāndīmukhānāṃ pratyabdaṃ kanyārāśigate ravau paurṇamāsyāntu karttavyaṃ varāhavacanaṃ yathā ||” iti aśrumukhādisaṃjñāpyuktā tatraiva— “pitā pitāmahaścaiva tathaiva prapitāmahaḥ trayo hyaśrumukhā hote pitaraḥ samprakīrttitāḥ tebhyaḥ paratare ye tu te tu nāndīmukhāḥ smṛtāḥ |” iti “āśvine paurṇamāsyāntu carejjāgaraṇaṃ niśi kaumudī sā samākhyātā kāryā lokavibhūtaye kaumudyāṃ pūjayellakṣmīmindramairāvatasthitam nārike lodakaṃ pītvā akṣaiḥ krīḍāṃ samācaret niśīthe varadā lakṣmīḥ ko jāgartīti bhāṣiṇī tasmai vittaṃ prayacchāmi akṣaiḥ krīḍāṃ karoti yaḥ ||” atra jāgaraṇaṃ pradhānam, phalasambandhāt | atra ghṛtapātradānaṃ kāryam, “āśvayujyāmaśvinīgate candre ghṛtapūrṇabhājanaṃ suvarṇayutaṃ viprāya datvā dīptāgnirbhavati” iti nirṇayāmṛte viṣṇūkteḥ atha kārtiksyāṃ kārttikeyadarśanamuktaṃ kāśīkhaṇḍe“kārttikyāṃ kṛtikāyoge yaḥ kuryāt svāmidarśanam saptajanma bhavedvipro dhanāḍhyo vedapāragaḥ ||” tripurotsavaścā'traivoktoṃ bhaviṣye“paurṇamāsyāṃ tu sandhyāyāṃ karttavyastripurotsavaḥ dadyādanena mantreṇa sudīpāṃśca surālaye kīṭāḥ pataṅgā maśakāśca vṛkṣe jale sthale ye vicaranti jīvāḥ dṛṣṭvā pradīpaṃ nahi janmabhāginaste muktarūpā hi bhavanti tatra ||” iti "paurṇamāsyāṃ tu saṃpūjyo bhaktyā dāmodaraḥ sadā tataḥ candrodaye pūjyāstāpasyaḥ kṛttikāstu ṣaṭ _First 35 of 42 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1)_ ## Linked texts (20) - [Nāradapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.121.65) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Padmapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.6.62.40) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Agnipurāṇa (Nag Publishers edition, Delhi)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.agni*nag.190.3) — Sanskrit - [Kārṣṇājinismṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.karsnajinismrti*fragments.1.2) — Sanskrit - [Pratāpārka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.prataparka.12.p30) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa 1766, Sanskrit - [Jayasīṃhakalpadruma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.jayasimhakalpadruma.10.p13) — Ratnākara 1688, Sanskrit - [Kālatattvavivecana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalatattvavivecana.9.p3) — Raghunātha Vājapeyin 1595, Sanskrit - [Bhagavantabhāskara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.bhagavantabhaskara.29.p55) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1625, Sanskrit - [Kālamayūkha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.bhatta.kalamayukha.13.p53) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita, Sanskrit - [Abdadīdhiti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.abdadidhiti.2.p11) — Anantadeva 1645, Sanskrit - [Smṛtisāroddhāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.smrtisamgraha.smrtisaroddhara.1.p157) — Nārāyaṇa, Sanskrit - [Cakranārāyaṇīyanibandha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.cakranarayaniyanibandha.1.p157) — Viśvambharatrivedin 1600, Sanskrit - [Śrāddhacandrikā (Divākarabhaṭṭa)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.sraddha.sraddhacandrika.1.p21) — Divākarabhaṭṭa 1655, Sanskrit - [Jyotirnibandha (ed. Raṅganātha Śāstrī Vaidya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.jyotisa.jyotirnibandha*vaidya1919.405.2) — Sanskrit - [Vidhānamālā (Nṛsiṃha)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.prayoga.sarvaprayoga.vidhanamala.124.29) — Nṛsiṃha, Sanskrit - [Varṣakriyākaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.varsakriyakaumudi.6.p41) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇa 1510, Sanskrit - [Daśanirṇaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.dasanirnaya.13.p31) — Veṅkaṭanātha Vaidikasārvabhauma, Sanskrit - [Nirṇayasindhu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.8.3) — Kamalākarabhaṭṭa 1612, Sanskrit - [Kṛtyaratnākara (Caṇḍeśvara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.krtyaratnakara.2.p118) — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit - [Kālanirṇaya (Kālamādhavīya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.kalamadhaviya.13.p13) — Mādhava, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.5.p1) · Pramāṇa