[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Times of rites](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala) › [Determination of lunar days](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi) › [Tithyarka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka) › 6.1 # Tithyarka 6.1 Tithyarka 6.1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [6.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.1) mādhavastu—“amāvāsyayā hi māsān sampaśyanti, paurṇamāsyā hi māsān sampaśyanti” iti śrutyā darśāntatvapūrṇimāntatvayoḥ sāmyādanuṣṭhānādiṣu viśeṣavacanācchiṣṭācārācca vyavasthetyudājahāra darśāntānāṃ pūrṇimāntānāṃ vā māsaviśeṣāṇāṃ kārttikādisaṃjñā nakṣatrayogād | yatra māse pūrṇimā kṛttikānakṣatreṇa yujyate, sā kārttikī “nakṣatreṇa yuktaḥ kālaḥ” ityaṇ | aṇantatvāṅī sā'smin māse sa kārttiko māsaḥ, “sā'smin paurṇamāsīti saṃjñāyām” ityaṇ, “lubaviśeṣe” iti tasya lup kārttikaḥ evaṃ mārgaśīrṣādayo'pi bodhyāḥ | atra yadyapi kṛttikādinakṣatraṃ kārttikādiṣu prayojakamuktam, tathāpi kṛttikādi dvandvaṃ trikañca prayojakaṃ bodhyam, "antyopāntyau tribhau jñeyo phālgunaśca tribho mataḥ śeṣā māsā dvibhā jñeyāḥ kṛttikādivyavasthayā dve dve citrāditārāṇāṃ paripūrṇendusaṅgame māsāścaitrādayo jñeyāstrikaiḥ ṣaṣṭhāntyasaptamāḥ ||" iti cyavanasaṅkarṣaṇavacanāt atha māsadevatā aparārke— "keśavo mārgaśīrṣe tu pauṣe nārāyaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ mādhavo māghamāse tu govindaḥ phālgune tathā caitre māsi bhavedviṣṇurvaiśākhe mādhavastathā trivikramo jyeṣṭhamāse āṣāḍhe vāmanastathā śrīdharo śrāvaṇe jñeyo hṛṣīkeśastataḥ param padmanābha āśvayuje tato dāmodaro mataḥ sarveṣveteṣu māseṣu narakārirmalimlucaḥ |" iti atha malamāsaḥ | hemādrau brahmasiddhānte— "cāndro māso hyasaṃkrānto malamāsaḥ prakīrtitaḥ ||" iti sa dvedhā—adhimāsakṣayamāsabhedāt | taduktaṃ madanaratne kāṭhakagṛhye— "yasmin māse na saṃkrāntiḥ saṃkrāntidvayameva vā malamāsaḥ sa vijñeyo māsaḥ syāttu trayodaśaḥ ||" iti tatrādhimāsasvarūpaṃ bhṛguṇā darśitam— ### [6.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.2) "ekarāśisyite sūrye yadā darśadvayaṃ bhavet havyakavyakriyā hantā tadā jñeyo'dhimāsakaḥ ||” iti sthūlamānena tasya kālo brahmasiddhānte— “dvātriṃśadbhirgatairmāsairdinaiḥ ṣoḍaśabhistathā ghaṭikānāṃ catuṣkeṇa patatyeko'dhimāsakaḥ ||” iti kṣayamāsasvarūpaṃ siddhāntaśiromaṇau— asaṃkrāntimāso'dhimāsaḥ sphuṭaḥ syād dvisaṃkrāntamāsaḥ kṣayākhyaḥ kadācit kṣayaḥ kārttikāditraye nānyataḥ syāt tadā varṣamadhye'dhimāsadvayaṃ ca ekaḥ kṣayāt prāk, aparastūrdhvamityevamadhimāsadvayaṃ bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | asminnevārthe jābāliḥ— “ekasminneva varṣe tu dvau māsāvadhimāsakau prākṛtastatra pūrvaḥ syāduttarastu malimlucaḥ ||” iti prākṛtaḥ śuddhaḥ karmārha ityarthaḥ | tayornāmanī jyotirgranthe— “yasmin māse na saṃkrāntiḥ saṃkrāntidvayameva vā saṃsarpāṃhaspatī māsāvadhimāsaśca ninditāḥ ||” iti kṣayamāsāt prācīnayo'saṃkrāntaḥ saṃsarpaḥ, uttaro'haspatirityarthaḥ karmasu samyak sarpatīti saṃsarpaḥ | ata eva karmārhaḥ dvitīyastu aṃhasāṃ pāpānāṃ patiḥ, ato niṣiddha iti bhāvaḥ kṣayasyāgamanakālastatraiva— “gate'bdhyadrinandairmite śākakāle tithīśairbhaviṣyatyathāṅgākṣamūryaiḥ gajādyagnibhūmistathā prāyaśo'yaṃ kuvedenduvarṣaiḥ kvacidrokubhiśca ||” iti “nityanaimittike kuryācchāddhaṃ kuryānmalimluce tithinakṣatravāroktaṃ kāmyaṃ naiva kadācana ||” iti “roge cālabhyayoge ca sīmante puṃsave'pi ca yad dānādi samuddiṣṭaṃ pūrvatrāpi na duṣyati ||” “asūryā nāma ye māsā na teṣu manusaṃmataḥ vratānāṃ caiva yajñānāmārambhaśca samāpanam ||” iti tenaivoktatvāt | ‘asūryāḥ’ saṃkrāntirahitāḥ | ‘nāma’ prasiddhau ### [6.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.3) keṣāṃcinnityānāmapi niṣedhaḥ kāṭhakagṛhye— “puṣṭīṣṭyāgrayaṇādhānacāturmāsyādikānyapi mahāḷayāṣṭakāśrāddhopākarmādyapi karma yat spaṣṭamāsaviśeṣākhyā vihitaṃ varjayenmale |” iti ‘puṣṭiḥ’ kāṭhakādau prasiddheti śrīguravaḥ | āgrayaṇe vikalpamāha paiṭhīnasiḥ— “saṃkrāntirahite māsi kuryādāgrayaṇaṃ na vā” iti vṛddhamanuḥ— “agnyādheyaṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ ca yajñadānavratāni ca vedavratavṛṣotsargacūḍākaraṇamekhalāḥ māṅgalyamabhiṣekaṃ ca malamāse vivarjayet |” iti atrāgnyādheyamapūrvam, pratiṣṭhā'pyapūrvā, agnyanugamananimittamādhānaṃ cāṇḍālādisaṃsparśaprayuktā punaḥ pratiṣṭhā cā'sāvakāśanaimittikatvānmalamāse'pi kāryā, “kuryāt vratādikaṃ karma prayatnena malimluce naimittikaṃ ca kurvīta sāvakāśe na yadbhavet ||” iti bhaviṣyāt | vṛṣotsarganiṣedhastu kāmyavṛṣotsargaparaḥ | pretoddeśyakastu male'pi bhavati— “ekādaśe'hni pretasya yasya notsṛjyate vṛṣaḥ pretatvaṃ susthi ṃ tasya dattaiḥ śrāddhaśatairapi ||” ityasmanmātṛprapitāmahaśrībhaṭṭanārāyaṇapadapāthojalikhitavacanāt | hemādrau jyotiḥśāstre— “tatra dattamadattañca hutaṃ na hutameva ca sujaptamapyajaptaṃ syānnopavāsaḥ kṛto bhavet na yātrāṃ na vivāhañca na ca vāstuniveśanam pratiṣṭhāṃ na ca devānāṃ prāsādagrāmabhūruhām ” || iti skānde— “malamāse'pyanāvṛttaṃ tīrthasnānamapi tyajet |” ‘anāvṛttam’ nūtanam, yaduktam—“nūtanatīrthasnānādi malamāse na karttavyam” iti | tasya kvacit pratiprasavo vāyupurāṇe— “gayāyāṃ sarvakāleṣu piṇḍaṃ dadyādvicakṣaṇaḥ adhimāse janmadine aste ca guruśukrayoḥ na tyaktavyaṃ gayāśrāddhaṃ siṃhasthe ca bṛhaspatau |” iti ### [6.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.4) smṛtyantare— “vāpīkūpataḍāgādipratiṣṭhā yajñakarma ca na kuryānmalamāse tu mahādānavratāni ca ||” iti madanaratne smṛtisaṃgrahe— “jātakarma prasūtiśca sīmantonnayanavrate malimluce'pi karttavyaṃ nimittaṃ yadi jāyate ||” iti gṛhyapariśiṣṭe— “avaṣaṭkārahomāśca parva cāgrayaṇaṃ tathā malamāse'pi karttavyaṃ kāmyā iṣṭīśca varjayet ||” iti ‘avaṣaṭkārahomāḥ’ agnihotropāsanavaiśvadevādyaḥ | ‘parva’ darśapūrṇamāsasthālīpākāḥ | smṛtyantare— “candrasūryagrahe caiva maraṇe putrajanmani malamāse'pi deyaṃ syāddattamakṣayyakārakam ||” iti yamaḥ— “sapiṇḍīkaraṇe nitye nādhimāsaṃ vivarjayet tīrthasnānaṃ japo homo yavavrīhitilādibhiḥ jātakarmmāntyakarmmāṇi navaśrāddhaṃ tathaiva ca maghātrayodaśīśrāddhaṃ śrāddhānyapi ca ṣoḍaśa candrasūryagrahe snānaṃ śrāddhadānajapādikam kāryāṇi malamāse'pi nityanaimittikaṃ tathā ||” iti vārṣikamahālayaniṣedhavacanāni śrāddhacandrikāprakāśe udāhariṣyante vṛhaspatiḥ— “astaṃ gate gurau śukre vṛddhe bāle malimluce vratārambhāpavargau ca na kuryānmauñjibandhanam ||” iti astalakṣaṇaṃ siddhānte— “raviṇāsattiranyeṣāṃ grahāṇāmastamucyate tato'rvāgvārdhakaṃ mauḍhyādūrdhvaṃ bālyaṃ prakīrttitam ||” iti bālyavārdhakapramāṇaṃ jyotiḥśāstre— “prāk paścāduditaḥ śukraḥ pañcasaptadinaṃ śiśuḥ viparītaṃ tu vṛddhatvaṃ tadvadeva gurorapi ||” viśeṣastatraiva jñeyaḥ | malamāse śrāddhaṃ kāryaṃ na veti vicāre| vistareṇa vakṣyate śrāddhacandrikāprakāśe | atra dānamuktaṃ hemādrau pādme— “adhimāse tu samprāpte guḍasarpiryutāni ca trayastriṃśadapūpāni dātavyāni dine dine ### [6.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.5) adhimāse tu samprāpte trayastriṃśattu devatāḥ uddiśyā'pūpadānena pṛthvīdānaphalaṃ labhet trayastriṃśadapūpāṃśca kāṃsyapātre nidhāya ca saghṛtaṃ sahiraṇmañca brāhmaṇāya nivedayet ||” iti tithyādi saṃkīrtya mama samastapāpakṣayadvārā śrīnarakāridevaprītyarthamidaṃ trayastriṃśadapūpātmakaṃ kāṃsyapātrasthaṃ vāyanaṃ saghṛtaṃ sahiraṇyamamukaśarmaṇe brāhmaṇāya tubhyamahaṃ sampradade | kṛtasyādhimāsavāyanadānasya sāṅgatārthamimāṃ dakṣiṇāṃ tubhyamahaṃ sampradade | iti yathāśakti dakṣiṇāṃ dattvā prārthayedetairmantraiḥ— “viṣṇurūpī sahasrāṃśuḥ sarvapāpapraṇāśanaḥ apūpānnapradānena mama pāpaṃ vyapohatu nārāyaṇa ! jagadbīja ! bhāskarapratirūpaka ! dānenānena putrāṃśca sampadaścābhivarddhaya yasya haste gadācakre garuḍo yasya vāhanam śaṅkhaḥ karatale yasya sa me viṣṇuḥ prasīdatu ||” iti malamāsanirṇaya ityuparamyate atha saṃvatsaraḥ, sa ca samyag vasantyasminnayanarttumāsapakṣādaya iti vyutpattyā māsādyavayavayukto'vayavī kaścitpratyakṣaḥ sa dvādaśamāsairjāyate, “dvādaśa māsāḥ saṃvatsare” iti śruteḥ | atra māsānāṃ traividhyena saṃvatsaro'pi trividhaḥ | taduktaṃ brahmasiddhānte— “cāndrasāvanasaurāṇāṃ māsānāṃ tu prabhedataḥ cāndrasāvanasaurāśca trayaḥ saṃvatsarā amī ||” iti tatra cāndrasaṃvatsaraścaitraśuklapratipadādiḥ phālgunadarśāntaścatuḥpañcāśadadhikaśatatrayadinātmakaḥ 354 | saurastu meṣādimīnāntaḥ pañcaṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatrayadinātmakaḥ 365 | sāvanastu ṣaṣṭyuttaraśatatrayadinātmakaḥ 360 | te ca trayaḥ saṃvatsarā vacanaviśeṣeṇa keṣucit karttavyakarmasu vyavatiṣṭhante, keṣucid ### [6.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.6) vikalpante iti saṅkṣepaḥ | atha kṣauraniṣiddhakālaṃ pradarśayāmaḥ ṣaṭtriṃśanmate“kumbhe ca karkaṭe caiva kanyāyāṃ kārmuke ravau romakhaṇḍaṃ gṛhasthasya pitṝn trāsayate yamaḥ kanyāṃ sarvāṃ karkaṭake tredhā bhāgadvayaṃ tyajet dhanuḥ kumbhe'rdhabhāgaṃ ca pūrvameva parityajet ||” iti vṛddhagārgyaḥ— “mīne dhanuṣi siṃhe ca sthite saptaturaṅgame kṣauramatra na karttavyaṃ vivāho gṛhakarma ca ||” iti “sitāṣṭamīṣu sarvāsu bhūtāhendukṣaye tathā tailābhyaṅgaṃ kṣaurakarma strīsaṅgaṃ vai vivarjayet ||” iti “niṣiddhatithivārādau bhojanānantaraṃ ca yaḥ kṣauraṃ karoti tadgehe nāśnanti pitaraḥ surāḥ bhujikriyottaraṃ kālaṃ kṣauraṃ karma karoti yaḥ kṛmibhakṣyo bhavet so'pi yāvaccandradivākarau ||” iti “ravyārasaurivāreṣu rātrau pāte vrate'hani śrāddhāhapratipadriktā bhadrāḥ kṣaureṣu varjayet ||” “aṣṭamī ca tathā ṣaṣṭhī navamī ca caturdaśī kṣurakarmaṇi varjyā ca parvasandhisrthaiva ca ||” iti “nirāsanasya suptasya tiṣṭhataśca tathaiva ca sāyaṃ bhuktavataścaiva snātasya kṣudhitasya ca yātrāyuddhodyatasyāpi śmaśrukarmma vivarjayet |” iti anyatra vistaraḥ | asya sarvasyāpavādastīrthaprāptyādau“kṣaura naimittikaṃ kāryaṃ niṣedhe satyapi dhruvam pitrādimṛtidīkṣāsu prāyaścitte ca tīrthake ||” iti smṛteḥ | atha kalivarjyāni procyante hemādrau“vidhavāyāṃ prajotpattau devarasya niyojanam |” tathā“bālikākṣatayonyāstu vareṇānyena saṃskṛtiḥ kanyānāmasavarṇanāṃ vivāhaśca dvijātibhiḥ tisro varṇānupūrvyeṇa dve tathaikā yathākramam ||” ādityapurāṇe“yastu kārtayugo dharmo na karttavyaḥ kalau yuge ### [6.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.7) pāpaprayuktāśca sadā kalau nāryo narāḥ sadā ||” tathā“dattaurasetareṣāṃ ca putratvena parigrahaḥ savarṇānyāṅganāduṣṭaiḥ saṃsargaḥ śodhiteradhi ||” mādhavīye“asthisaṃcayanādūrdhvamaṅgasaṃsparśanaṃ tathā |” iti brahmapurāṇe“dīrghakālaṃ brahmacaryaṃ dhāraṇaṃ ca kamaṇḍaloḥ gotrād mātṛsapiṇḍācca vivāho govadhastathā narāśvamedhau madyañca kalau varjyaṃ dvijātibhiḥ |" "devarācca sutotpattirdattā kanyā na dīyate na yajñe govadhaḥ kāryaḥ kalau na ca kamaṇḍaluḥ ||" "ūḍhāyāḥ punarudvāhaṃ jyeṣṭhaśaṃśaṃ govadhaṃ tathā kalau pañca na kurvīta bhrātṛjāyāṃ kamaṇḍalum ||" "na kalau kriyate hyaśvamedho vāpyatha gosavaḥ naramedho'kṣatānārī devarātputrasantatiḥ ||" "akṣatā gopaśuścaiva śrāddhe māṃsaṃ tathā madhu devarācca sutotpattiḥ kalau pañca vivarjayet ||" iti "yāvadvarṇavibhāgo'sti yāvvedaḥ pravarttate saṃnyāsaṃ cāgnihotraṃ ca tāvatkuryāt kalau yuge ||" iti "arddhādhānaṃ smṛtaṃ śrautasmārtāgnyostu pṛthakkṛtiḥ sarvādhānaṃ tayoraikyakṛtiḥ pūrvayugāśritā ||" iti vistarastu hemādrimādhavādau draṣṭavya iti dik | atha parvavarjyāni | hemādrau manuḥ— “caturdaśyaṣṭamīdarśapaurṇamāsyarkasaṃkramaḥ eṣu strītailamāṃsāni dantakāṣṭhāni varjayet ||” smṛtisamuccaye— “sāyaṃ saṃdhyāṃ parānnaṃ ca parabhojanamaithune tailaṃ māṃsaṃ śilāpiṣṭamamāvāsyāṃ vivarjayet sūryarkṣaṃ gate some parānnaṃ yo hi bhakṣayet tasya māsagataṃ puṇyaṃ yasyānaṃ tasya tadbhavet amāvāsyāsu sarvāsu navaṃ vastraṃ na dhārayet |” iti prasaṅgādanyeṣāṃ padārthānāṃ niṣedhakālaḥ pradarśyate | vyāsaḥ— “ṣaṣṭhyaṣṭamī amāvāsyā pakṣadvayacaturdaśī ### [6.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.8) atra saṃnihitaṃ pāpaṃ taile māṃse kṣure bhage ||” ravivārīdiṣu tailasnānaphalānyāha sa eva— “ādityādiṣu vāreṣu tāpaḥ kīrtirmṛtirdhanam dāridryaṃ durbhagattvaṃ ca kāmāptiḥ snātataḥ kramāt ||” ‘snānataḥ’ abhyaṅgasnānataḥ tathā— “trayodaśyāṃ tṛtīyāyāṃ pratipaddaśamīdine tailābhyaṅgaṃ na kurvīta spṛśedvrā navamīdine ||” atra viśeṣamāha hemādrau pracetāḥ"sārṣapaṃ gandhatailaṃ ca yattailaṃ puṣpavāsitam anyadravyayutaṃ tailaṃ na duṣyati kadācana ||” iti tasmāttailābhyaṅganiṣedhastilatailābhyaṅganiṣedhaparyavasāyī | hemādrau skānde"śiraḥ kapālamantrāṇi nakhacarmatilāṃstathā etāni kramaśo nityamaṣṭamyādiṣu varjayet ||” iti 'śiraḥ' nārikelam, 'kapālam' alāvu, 'antrāṇi' paṭolam, 'nakham' niṣpāvaḥ, 'carma' masarikā "śiro nārikelam, kapālamalāvū, antrāṇi paṭolam, nakhaṃ niṣpāvaḥ, carma masūrikāḥ, tilā vṛntākam |” iti hemādriḥ madanaratne skānde"snānaṃ caiva mahādānaṃ svādhyāyapitṛtarpaṇṇe prathame'bde na kurvīta mahāgurunipātane ||” iti 'snānam' kāmyam atha janmatithikṛtyam | brahmapurāṇe"sarvaiśca janmadivase snātairmaṅgalapāṇibhiḥ gurudevāśca viprāśca pūjanīyāḥ prayatnataḥ ||” iti 'sarvaiḥ' brāhmaṇakṣatriyavaiśyaśūdraiḥ | śrīpatimālāyām"navavastradharo bhūtvā pūjayecca cirāyuṣam dviśrujaṃ jaṭilaṃ saumyaṃ suvṛddhaṃ cirajīvinam mārkaṇḍeyaṃ naro bhaktyā pūjayetprayatastathā |" iti "tato dīrghāyuṣaṃ vyāsaṃ rāmaṃ drauṇiṃ kṛpaṃ balim prahlādaṃ ca hanūmantaṃ vibhīṣaṇamathā'rcayet ||” pūjitadevatānāṃ nāmamantrairhomaḥ kāryyaḥ | homasaṃkhyā devīpurāṇe— "homo grahādipūjāyāṃ śatamaṣṭottaraṃ bhavet ### [6.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.9) aṣṭāviṃśatiraṣṭau vā yathāśakti vidhīyate ||” homadravyamājyam, "ājyaṃ dravyamanādeśe” ityuktatvāt | mārkaṇḍeyaprārthanā kṛtyacintāmaṇau |— "mārkaṇḍeya ! mahābhāga ! saptakalpāntajīvana ! āyuriṣṭārthasiddhyarthamasmākaṃ varado bhava ||” iti tato guḍatilayutaṃ payaḥ pivet | pāne mantraḥ— "satilaṃ guḍasaṃmiśramañjalyarddhamitaṃ payaḥ mārkaṇḍeyavaraṃ labdhvā pibāmyāyuṣyahetave ||” 'payaḥ' kṣīram | janmatithau varjyāni uktāni skānde— "khaṇḍanaṃ nakhakeśānāṃ maithunādhyājameva ca āmiṣaṃ kalahaṃ hiṃsāṃ varṣavṛddhau vivarjayet ||” iti idaṃ malamāse na kāryyam, pūrvokta—“spaṣṭamāsaviśeṣākhya” itivacanāt | janmatitheḥ khaṇḍatve sati nirṇayaḥ devīpurāṇe— "ghasradvaye janmatithiryadā syāt pūjyā tadā janmabhasaṃyutā ca asaṃskṛtābhe na dinadvaye'pi pūjyā parā yā bhavatīha tantram ||" iti ubhayadine'pi nakṣatrayoge'pi parā, pūrvokta—“yugādyā varṣavṛddhiśca” iti—bhaviṣyavacanāt | iti śrīmadbhāradvājamahādevabhaṭṭātmajadivākaraviracite tithyarke janmatithikṛtyam atha śrāddhāmāvāsyā niścīyate | sā'parāhṇavyāpinī grāhyā, “piṇḍānvāhāryakaṃ śrāddhaṃ kṣīṇe rājani śasyate vāsarasya tṛtīye'ṃśe nātisandhyāsamīpataḥ ||” “darśaśrāddhaṃ tu yatproktaṃ pārvaṇaṃ tatprakīrtitam aparāhṇe pitṝṇāṃ ca tatra dānaṃ praśasyate ||” pekṣaṇāt | pūrvedyurevāparāhvavyāpinī cet, saiva grāhyetyāha mādhavīye hārītaḥ— “yasyāṃ sandhyāgataḥ somo mṛṇālamiva dṛśyate aparāhne tu yā tasyāṃ piṇḍānāṃ karaṇaṃ dhruvam ||” iti yattu kārṣṇājinivacaḥ “bhūtaviddhāmamāvāsyāṃ mohādajñānato'pi vā ### [6.1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.10) śrāddhe karmaṇi ye kuryu steṣāmāyuḥ prahīyate ||” iti, tadaparāhvavyāptiviṣayamiti mādhavaḥ 'aparāhne' caturdaśīvedhaparam ” iti hemādriruvāca dvitīye'hni cettādṛśī, dvitīyeva ityāha sa eva— “aparāhnaḥ pitṝṇāntu yā'parāhvānuyāyinī sā grāhyā pitṛkārye tu na pūrvā'hnānuyāyinī ||” iti dinadvaye'parāhvavyāptidvaidhā—ekadeśena kārtsnyena ceti ekadeśavyāptirapi dvedhā bhidyate—vaiṣamyeṇa sāmyena ceti | tatra vaiṣamyeṇaikadeśavyāptau mahattvaṃ nirṇāyakam | tathā ca mādhavīye smṛtyantare— “aparāhnadvayavyāpinyamāvāsyā yadā bhavet tatrālapatvamahattvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ pitṛkarmaṇi ||” iti śivarāghavasaṃvāde'pi— “alpā'parāhve tyājyā sā grāhyā syādadhikā bhavet |” iti asaṃskṛtābhe na dinadvaye'pi pūjyā parā yā bhavatīha tantram ||" iti ubhayadine'pi nakṣatrayoge'pi parā, pūrvokta—“yugādyā varṣavṛddhiśca” iti—bhaviṣyavacanāt | iti śrīmadbhāradvājamahādevabhaṭṭātmajadivākaraviracite tithyarke janmatithikṛtyam atha śrāddhāmāvāsyā niścīyate | sā'parāhṇavyāpinī grāhyā, “piṇḍānvāhāryakaṃ śrāddhaṃ kṣīṇe rājani śasyate vāsarasya tṛtīye'śe nātisandhyāsamīpataḥ ||” iti kātyāyanokteḥ piṇḍānāṃ piṇḍapitṛyajñāṅgabhūtānāmanu paścādāhriyate kriyate iti piṇḍānvāhāryakamamāsrāddham | rājani candre kṣīṇe mārtaṇḍamaṇḍalaṃ praviṣṭe sati vāsarasya divasasya tṛtīye'śe'parāhṇarūpe śasyate—kāryamityarthaḥ “darśaśrāddhaṃ tu yatproktaṃ pārvaṇaṃ tatprakīrtitam aparāhṇe pitṝṇāṃ ca tatra dānaṃ praśasyate ||” iti śātātapokteśca | atra yadyapi ca tredhāvibhāgābhiprāyeṇa ### [6.1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.11) parāhnakālo vyākhyātaḥ, tathāpi trimuhūrtātmakasāyāhne śrāddhaniṣedhāt pañcadhāvibhaktadivasābhiprāyeṇa aparāhṇo boddhavya iti tattvam | vivecayiṣyate caitat spaṣṭaṃ śrāddhacandrikāprakāśe | tredhāvibhāgapakṣastu āhitāgniviṣayaḥ, tasya karmadvayānurodhadīrghāparāhnāsāmyenaikadeśavyāptau kharvādiśāstraṃ nirṇāyakam | kharvādiśāstraṃ tu— “kharvo darpastathā hiṃsā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam kharvakṣaiau parau pūjyau hiṃsā syāt pūrvakālikī ||” iti kharvaḥ sāmyam, darpo vṛddhiḥ, hiṃsā kṣayaḥ | mādhavīye śivarāghavasaṃvāde'pi— “amāvāsyā tu yā hi syādaparāhnadvaye'pi sā kṣaye pūrvā'parā vṛddhau sāmye'pi ca parā smṛtā ||” iti smṛtyantare'pi— “tithikṣaye sinīvālī tithivṛddhau kuhūrmātā sāmye'pi ca kuhūrjñeyā vedavedāṅgavedibhiḥ ||” iti kātsnryyenobhayatrāparāhnavyāptāvapi tithivṛddhitvāt kuhūreva grāhyā | dinadvaye'parāhnavyāptau jāvāliḥ— “aparāhnadvayavyāpī yadi darśastithikṣaye āhitāgneḥ sinīvālī niragnyādeḥ kuhūrmātā ||” iti ādiśabdena strīśūdrau gṛhyete | tathā ca laugākṣirāha— “dvijaiḥ kāryā sinīvālī sāgnikaiḥ pitṛkarmaṇi strībhiḥ śūdraiḥ kuhūjñeyā tathā cānagnikairdvijaiḥ ||” iti sinīvālīkuhvorlakṣaṇamāha vyāsaḥ— “dṛṣṭacandrā sinīvālī naṣṭacandrā kuhūrmātā |” iti etadarthaparāṇyanyāni vacanāni granthavistarabhiyeha nopāttānītyalaṃ pallavitena | atha piṇḍapitṛyajñakālaḥ | āśvalāyanaḥ— "amāvāsyāyāmaparāhṇe piṇḍapitṛyajñaḥ|" iti ### [6.1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.12) atra nārāyaṇavṛttiḥ—amāvāsyāśabdaḥ pratipatpañcadaśyoḥ sandhivacano'pyatrāparāhvaśabdasamanvayāt tadgatyahorātre varttate | tasyāparāhṇe caturthe bhāge piṇḍapitṛyajñaḥ kāryaḥ | aupavasadhye yajanīye vā'hani yadā tvahorātrasandhau tithisandhiḥ syāt, tadaupavasathya evā'hani kriyate iti ata eva prayogapārijātakāraḥ— "muhūrttamapyamāvāsyā pratipadyapi cedbhavet taddinamakṣayaṃ jñeyaṃ parvaśeṣaṃ tu parvavat ||” iti hemādridhṛtaṃ hārītavacanaṃ piṇḍapitṛyajñaparamayojayat ayaṃ ca piṇḍapitṛyajñaḥ smārttāgnimatā mṛtapitṛkeṇa yāgapūrvadine kriyamāṇe darśaśrāddhavyatiṣaṅgeṇa kāryaḥ, "āhitāgniḥ piṇḍapitṛyajñaṃ kṛtvā karoti | anāhitāgnistu taditareṇa vyatiṣajyate |” iti pariśiṣṭāt vyatiṣaṅgo nāma śrāddhapitṛyajñayorvicchidya|vicchidya anuṣṭhānaviśeṣaḥ | yāgadine kriyamāṇastu kevalaḥ kāryaḥ, pūrvadine darśaśrāddhaṃ yāgadine kevalaḥ pitṛyajña iti bhāvaḥ | āpastambānāmāśvalāyanavannirṇayaḥ tathaivāpastambasmṛteḥ | kātyāyanabaudhāyanairyāgātpūrve'hani kāryaḥ, tathaiva tatsūtre pratipāditatvāt | ityanyatra vistaraḥ atha kṣayāhaśrāddhakālo nirṇīyate | tatra kṣayāhaśrāddhamekoddiṣṭavidhinā kriyate cet, madhyāhnavyāpinyāṃ kṣayāhatithau kāryyam yadi pārvaṇavidhinā, tadā'parāhnavyāpinyāṃ kāryyam, "āmaśrāddhaṃ tu pūrvāhṇe'parāhṇe pārvvaṇaṃ bhavet ekoddiṣṭaṃ tu madhyāhne mātarvvṛddhinimittakam ||" iti śātātapavacanāt dinadvaye'parāhnavyāpitve mādhavīye baudhāyano nirṇayamāha"aparāhnadvayavyāpinyatītasya yadā tithiḥ kṣaye pūrvāṃ tu karttavyā vṛddhau kāryyā tathottarā ||" iti ### [6.1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.13) atra mādhavādayastu-uttaratithigatāveva vṛddhikṣayau grāhyau, na grāhyatithigatāvityāhuḥ | śrīmātāmahaguravastu paramavṛddhyanantaramākasmikakṣayasya jyotiḥśāstramaryādayā sambhavāt pūrvatithyapekṣayā grāhyatithigatāveva vṛddhikṣayau grāhyāviti tattvamityāhuḥ dinadvaye tadvyāptau tu pūrvaitra grāhyā, "dvyahe'pyavyāpinī cet syānmṛtāhasya tu yā tithiḥ pūrvavidvaiva karttavyā trimuhūrttā bhaved yadi ||" iti manuvākyāt "dvyahe'pyavyāpinī cet syānmṛtāhasya tu yā tithiḥ pūrvvasyāṃ nirvapet piṇḍamityāṅgirasabhāṣitam ||" iti samantuvākyācca | "sāmye tu paraiva, devasvāmivacanāt" iti mādhavaḥ | atrāpyekadeśādivyāptau darśanirṇayavannirṇayo bodhyaḥ amāvāsyā tu vāhītivacanapradiṣṭau vṛddhikṣayau grāhyatithigatāvevānayā diśā jñeyau | aparāhnadvayavyāpinītyatra kāladvayavyāpitvaṃ vivakṣitamityāstāṃ tāvat | atha vratavidhiṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ tatrādhikāriṇo madanaratne bhaviṣye— “anagnayastu ye viprāsteṣāṃ śreyo vidhīyate vratopavāsaniyamairnānādānaistathā nṛpa ! ||” iti śūdro'pi “śūdro varṇaścaturtho'pi varṇatvāddharmamarhati vedamantrasvadhāsvāhāvaṣaṭkārādibhirvinā ||” iti vyāsoktervratādhikāramarhati | sadhavāstrīṇāntu bhartṛnujñayaiva vratādhikāraḥ— “bhāryā patyurmatenaiva vratādīnācaretsadā |” iti mādhavīye kātyāyanokteḥ | vratārambhakālamāha madanaratne satyavrataḥ— “udayasthā tithiryā hi na bhaveddinamadhyabhāk sā khaṇḍā na vratānāṃ syādāārambhaśca samāpanam ||” iti tatraiva gārgyo'pi— “astage ca gurau śukre bāle vṛddhe malimluce udyāpanaśubhārambhān vratānāṃ naiva kārayet ||” iti ### [6.1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.14) brahmayāmale— “dinabhadrā yadā rātrau rātribhadrā yadā divā na tyājyā śubhakāryeṣu prāhurevaṃ purātanāḥ ||” iti madanaratne bhaviṣye— “kṣamā satyaṃ dayā dānaṃ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ devapūjāgnihavanaṃ santoṣaḥ steyavarjanam sarvavrateṣvayaṃ dharmaḥ sāmānyo daśadhā smṛtaḥ |” iti kūrmapurāṇe— “bahirgrāmāntyajāsūtiṃ patitaṃ ca rajasvalām na spṛśennābhibhāṣeta nekṣeta vratavāsare ||” viṣṇurahasye— “smṛtyālokanagandhādi khādanaṃ parikīrttanam annasya varjayetsarvaṃ grāsānāṃ cābhikāṅkṣaṇam gātrābhyaṅgaṃ ca tāmbūlaṃ śirasaścānulepanam vratastho varjayet sarvaṃ yaccānyad balarāgakṛt ||” pṛthvīcandrodaye'gnipurāṇe— “vrīhiṣaṣṭikamudgāśca kalāpāḥ sallilaṃ payaḥ śyāmākāścaiva nīvārā godhūmādyā vrate hitāḥ kūṣmāṇḍālābuvārttākapālakījyotsnikāstyajet carurbhaikṣyaṃ saktukaṇān śākaṃ dadhi ghṛtaṃ madhu śyāmākāḥ śālinīvārāḥ pāvakaṃ mūlataṇḍulam haviṣyaṃvratanaktādāvagnikāryādike hitam madhu māsaṃ vihāyānyad vrate ca hitamīritam |” iti ‘pālakī’ poī, ‘jyotsnikā’ kośātakī atha strīvrateṣu vratahemādrau viśeṣaḥ“gandhālaṅkāratāmbūlapuṣpamālā'nulepanam upavāse na duṣyanti dantadhāvanamañjanam ||” iti idaṃ ca tāmbūlādi tāsāṃ saubhāgyavrateṣveva na duṣyati; ekādaśyādau tu duṣyatyeva, tatra tanniṣedhāt | hemādrau pādme— “garbhiṇī sūtikādiśca kumārī vā'tha rogiṇī yadā'śuddhā tadā'nyena kārayet prayatā svayam ||” iti ‘prayatā’ śuddhā svayaṃ kuryādityarthaḥ | madanaratne mātsye'pi— “antarā tu rajoyoge pūjāmanyena kārayet |” iti pratinidhīnāha nirṇayāmṛte paiṭhīnasiḥ— ### [6.1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.15) “bhāryā patyurvrataṃ kuryād bhāryāyāśca patirvratam asāmarthye'parastābhyāṃ vratabhaṅgo na jāyate ||” skānde'pi— “putraṃ vā vinayopetaṃ bhaginīṃ bhrātaraṃ tathā eṣāmabhāva evānyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ viniyojayet ||” iti parāśaraḥ— “upavāso vrataṃ homastīrthasnānajapādikam vipraiḥ sampāditaṃ yasya sampannaṃ tasya tatphalam ||” iti madanaratne prabhāsakhaṇḍe— “bhartā putraḥ purodhāśca bhrātā patnī sakhā'pi ca yātrāyāṃ dharmakāryeṣu jāyante pratihastakāḥ ebhiḥ kṛtaṃ mahādevi ! svayameva kṛtaṃ bhavet |" iti "kāmye pratinidhirnāsti nitye naimittike ca saḥ kāmyeṣūpakramādūrdhvaṃ kecitpratinidhiṃ viduḥ ||" iti "pūrva vrataṃ gṛhītvā yo nācaretkāmamohitaḥ jīvan bhavati cāṇḍālo mṛtaḥ śvā cābhijāyate ||” "krodhātpramādāllobhādvā vratabhaṅgo bhaved yadi dinatrayaṃ na bhuñjīta maṇḍanaṃ śiraso bhavet ||” iti "prāyaścittamidaṃ kṛtvā punareva vratī bhavet |” "kālaḥ sarvo'pi nirdiṣṭaḥ pātraṃ sarvamudāhṛtam avānnasya pradāne tu nātra kāryā vicāraṇā tadaiva dānakālaḥ sa yadobhayamupasthitam |” "nahi kālaṃ pratīkṣeta jalaṃ dātuṃ tṛṣānvite annodakaṃ sadā deyamityāha bhagavān manuḥ ||" iti skānde"arddhaprasūtāṃ gāṃ dadyāt kālādi na vicārayet kālaḥ sa eva grahaṇe yadā vai dvimukhī tu gauḥ ||” iti vyāsaḥ"āsannamṛtyunā deyā gauḥ savatsā tu pūrvavat tadabhāve tu gaureva narakoddhāraṇāya vai tadā yadi na śaknoti dātuṃ vaitaraṇīṃ tu gām śakto'nyo'ruk tadā dattvā śreyo dadyānmṛtasya ca ||” vārāhe"vyatīpāto'tha saṃkrāntistathaiva grahaṇaṃ raveḥ puṇyakālāstathā sarve yadā mṛtyurupasthitaḥ ### [6.1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1.16) tadā bhūmihiraṇyādi dattamakṣayatāmiyāt |” iti viṣṇupurāṇe"yadā vā jāyate vittaṃ cittaṃ śraddhāsamanvitam tadaiva dānakālaḥ syād yato'nityaṃ hi jīvitam ||” iti dik śrībālakṛṣṇātmajasūnunirmitāṃ varṣe khavedāśvahimāṃśuraṃyute kṛtiṃ vilokyā'khilakālanirṇayaṃ niḥśaṅkamāśaṃsatu paṇḍito janaḥ ## Linked texts (10) - [Paiṭhīnasidharmasūtra (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.paithinasi*fragments.5.3) — Sanskrit - [Hārītadharmasūtra (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.harita*fragments.7.4) — Sanskrit - [Pracetassmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.pracetassmrti*fragments.1.3) — Sanskrit - [Bhṛgusmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.bhrgusmrti*fragments.1.1) — Sanskrit - [Kārṣṇājinismṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.karsnajinismrti*fragments.1.9) — Sanskrit - [Satyavratasmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.satyavratasmrti*fragments.1.6) — Sanskrit - [Kālamayūkha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.bhatta.kalamayukha.24.p8) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita, Sanskrit - [Gadādharapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.gadadharapaddhati.7.p31) — Gadādhara Rājaguru 1725, Sanskrit - [Pratāpārka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.prataparka.17.p53) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa 1766, Sanskrit - [Varṣakriyākaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.varsakriyakaumudi.7.p9) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇa 1510, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.6.1) · Pramāṇa