[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Mānava Dharmaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu) › [Manubhashya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi) › 3.147 # Manava Dharmashastra 3.147 Manubhāṣya 3.147 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [3.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi.3.147) asati kāraṇe yaḥ parityajati mātaraṃ pitaraṃ ācāryaṃ ca | guruśabdaḥ sāmānyaśabdatvādupādhyāye'pi pravartate | yattu “tathā sati mātāpitṛgrahaṇaṃ na kartavyaṃ syāt, gurutvādeva siddherata ācārya eveha gururiti vyācakṣate”—tadayuktam | asati mātāpitṛgrahaṇe guruśabdaḥ pitaryeva kṛtrimākṛtrimanyāyena pravarteta | pṛthagupādāne tu śāstrāntaravadācāryaḥ śreṣṭho gurūṇāmiti sāmānyaśabdatā siddhā bhavati | parityāgakāraṇaṃ ca “tyajet pitaraṃ rājaghātakam” ityādi | mātāpitroḥ parityāgastatpākṣasevādeḥ śuśrūṣāyāḥ akaraṇaṃ, tadārādhane atatparatvam | gurorevameva | adhyāpanasamarthe'dhyāpayitari ca tattyāgenānyatrādhyayanam | patitaiḥ saṃyogaṃ gataḥ sambandhaṃ kṛtavān | brāhmairyājanādhyāpanādibhiryaunaiḥ kanyādānādibhiḥ | “nanu ca patitvādevāsau varjyaḥ” | kecidāhuḥ—“saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran”(2.60)—arvāgayaṃ pratiṣedhaḥ| “atha keyaṃ vāco yuktiḥ sambandhasaṃyogaṃ gata iti” | nātra sambandhaśabdo vaiśeṣikādiprasiddhyā saṃyogādivacanaḥ, kiṃ tarhi kriyaivātra sambandhahetutvātsambandhaśabdenocyate | yājanādilakṣaṇe saṃyogaśabdaśca sambandhamātramupalakṣayati | > The forsaker, without cause, of his mother, father and superior; and he who has formed a connection, through the relationship of either Veda or marriage, with outcasts.—(157) > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya): > He who, in the absence of any cause, forsakes his Mother, Father and Preceptor. The term ‘guru,’ ‘superior’ here being used in its general sense, includes the Teacher also. > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > Some people argue that—“in that case (if ‘guru ’ stands for the superior in general), the Father and the Mother need not have been mentioned, these also being included under the term ‘guru; for this reason, this term ‘guru’ should be taken as standing for the Preceptor only.” > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > This, however, is not right. If the ‘father’ and ‘mother’ wore not specifically mentioned, then the term ‘superior’ would stand for the father only, by the law of the ‘natural and artificial’ \[i.e., where both are possible, the natural one is to be given the preference, and the Father is the natural superior, while the Teacher is only an artificial one\]. When, however, these two are mentioned separately, then it becomes clear that the term ‘superior’ has been used in its most general sense; specially in view of what other scriptures have said regarding the Teacher being ‘the best of superiors.’ > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > Reasons for forsaking these superiors are such as are mentioned in the text—‘one should forsake one’s father, if one has injured the king,’ and so forth. > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > The ‘forsaking’ of one’s parents means omitting to wash and shampoo their feet and to do such other services, i.e., being inattentive to their service. Similarly, with the Teacher, in whose case going for study to another teacher, while one’s teacher is capable of teaching one, also constitutes ‘forsaking.’ > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > ‘Who has formed connection with outcasts’—i.e., established relationship with them. > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > ‘Through the Veda’—i.e., by officiating at their sacrifices, by teaching them, and so forth. > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > ‘Through marriage,’—i.e., by giving his daughter in marriage to them, and so forth. > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > “The man who forms such connection, would himself become an outcast; and it would he as an outcast himself that he would be avoided at rites.” > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > In answer to this, some people say, in view of what is said below (290) regarding a man becoming an1 outcast’ by associating with outcasts for one gear, that the present prohibition should be taken as pertaining to the time before the lapse of the twelve months. > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > “What is this peculiar form of expression—formed a connection through relationship?’” > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi > As a matter of fact, the term ‘samyoga,’ ‘connection’ is not used here in the sense of ‘conjunction,’ according to the usage of the Vaiśeṣikas; it is the act itself that is called ‘connection,’ by reason of its being the cause of connection. In connection with the acts of ‘officiating at sacrifices’ and the like, the term ‘connection’ indicates and stands for mere relationship in general.—(157) > — Ganganatha Jha 1920, Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi - [Previous: 3.146](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi.3.146) - [Next: 3.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi.3.148) - [Up: 3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi.3) ## Translations (1) - [Manu-Smṛti: The Laws of Manu with the Bhāṣya of Medhātithi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi~en-jha.3.157.p1) — Ganganatha Jha 1920, English ## Linked texts (1) - [Mānava Dharmaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu.3.147) — Manu & Bhṛgu, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi.3.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu!medhatithi.3.147) · Pramāṇa