[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Legal Digests](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha) › [Great comprehensive digests](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha) › [Smritikaustubha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha) › 1.31.p1 # Smritikaustubha 1.31.p1 Smṛtikaustubha 1.31.p1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.31.p1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.1) ekacandrakalāvṛddhikṣayānyatarāvacchinnaḥ kālastithiḥ | sā dvividhā | śuklā kṛṣṇā ca | tatraikaikacandrakalāvṛddhyavacchinnaḥ kālaḥ śuklatithiḥ kṣayāvacchinnaḥ kālaḥ kṛṣṇatithiḥ | tatrāpi prathamakalāyā vṛddhikṣayānyatarāvacchinnaḥ kālaḥ pratipat dvitīyasyāstadanyatarāvacchinnaḥ kālo dvitīyā | evaṃ tṛtīyādyāḥ | sarvāpi sā tithirdvividhā | pūrṇā khaṇḍā ca | tatra pūrṇā nāradīye-ādityodayavelāyāmārabhya ṣaṣṭināḍikāḥ saṃpūrṇā iti vijñeyā iti | ato'nyā khaṇḍā | tatra yattithau niṣiddhaṃ tatra khaṇḍāyāmapi na saṃdehaḥ | niṣedhastu nivṛttyātmā kālamātramapekṣate-iti vṛddhagārgyavacanena tithyādyakṣaṇamārabhyāntyakṣaṇaparyantaṃ niṣedhasya pravṛttatvena nirṇayāt | ekādaśyāṃ bhojananiṣedhānāṃ vaidharmyamavasare vakṣyāmaḥ | vihiteṣu tvasti khaṇḍāyā nirṇayāpekṣā, sakṛdanuṣṭheyasya śeṣiṇo guṇānurodhenāvṛttyasaṃbhavena kānuṣṭhānamiti saṃśayāt | tatrāpyekabhaktādivihitakarmaṇāṃ yo madhyāhnādikālī vihitaḥ, yasmindine tatkarmāṅgatithistatkālavyāpinī, yasminvā tadekadeśavyāpinī, dinadvaye sāmyenaikadeśavyāpitve'pi yatra karmopakramasamayavyāpinī taddina eva tatkarmānuṣṭheyam, -karmaṇo yasya yaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | tayā karmāṇi kurvīta hrāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam | iti vṛddhayājñavalkyavacanāt, ādyapakṣatrayepyanena vinigamanālābhāt-yo yasya vihitaḥ kālaḥ karmaṇastadupakrame | tithiyoṃ'bhimatā sā tu kāryā nopakramojjhitā iti baudhāyanavacanācca ### [1.31.p1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.2) pūrvaviddhaiveyaṃ grāhyā paraviddhaiveyamiti vidhāyakaśāstrāṇāmīdṛśaviṣaye pravṛttau prātisvikakālavidhīnāṃ bādhāpatteśca, dinadvayakarmakālavyāptyādipakṣe teṣāṃ niyamavidhitvenopapattau śāstrāntarabādhāyogācca, hrāsavṛddhī na kāraṇamitīdṛśaviṣaye śāstrāntarāpravṛttiliṅgācca | yadā dinadvaye karmakālavyāptiḥ dinadvaye tadsparśo vā dinadvaye sāmyene kadeśavyāpitve'pyupakramasamavyāpitvaṃ tadā daivakarmasu nakṣatraviśeṣādyanapekṣeṣu yugmādivākyena kāścitpūrvaviddhatvena kāścitparaviddhatvena niyamyante | tadyathā-yugmāgniyugbhūtānāṃ ṣaṇmunyorvasurandhrayoḥ | rudreṇa dvādaśī yuktā caturdaśyā ca pūrṇimā | pratipadyapyamāvāsyā tithyoryugmaṃ mahāphalam etadvyastaṃ mahādoṣaṃ puṇyaṃ hanti purākṛtam | iti | yugmaṃ dvitīyā | agnistṛtīyā | yugaṃ caturthī | bhūtaṃ pañcamī | ṣaṭ ṣaṣṭhī muniḥ saptamī | vasuraṣṭamī | randhraṃ navamī | rudra ekādaśī atra dvitīyā tṛtīyāviddhā tṛtīyā dvitīyāviddhetyevaṃ pratiyugmaṃ niyamaḥ kriyate | tadatikrame etadvyastamiti doṣaḥ kīrtyate | evametatsamānaviṣayāṇi etadviruddhavatpratīyamānāni-pratipatsadvitīyā syādvitīyā pratipadyutetyādīni karmasāmānyapuraskāreṇa pravṛttāni, karmaviśeṣapuraskāreṇa ca pravṛttāni-caturthī gaṇanādhasya mātṛviddhā praśasyata-ityādīnīdṛśa eva viṣaye niyamārthāni virodhaparihāraṃ tvavasare darśayiṣyāmaḥ | pitryakarmatithestu uktapakṣatraye'nyataratithiniyamārthaṃ kharvādiśāstram | tadyathā-kharvo darpastathā hiṃsā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | kharvadarpau parau pūjyau hiṃsā syātpūrvakālikī iti | kharvaḥ sāmyaṃ, darpo vṛddhiḥ, hiṃsā ### [1.31.p1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.3) kṣayaḥ | kharvadarpau cedvartete paraviddhā tithirgrāhyā | kṣaye pūrvaviddhetyarthaḥ | yadyapi yugmādivākye kharvādivākye ca karmaviśeṣo nopāttastathāpi-dvitīyādikayugmānāṃ pūjyatā niyamādiṣu ekoddiṣṭādivṛddhyādau hrāsavṛddhyādicodanā-iti niyamavacanādaivapitryaviṣayatvena vyavasthā labhyate-niyamādiṣviti sakaladaivopādānāt, ekoddiṣṭādīti sakalapitryopādānāt | ekoddiṣṭādisaṃbanthitivervṛddhyādāviti ṣaṣṭhīsamāsābhiprāyaḥ | karmāṅgatitheryattithivedhena grāhyatā varjanīyatā vā saṃpadyate tasya vedhakatitheḥ kiyatparimāṇaṃ vedhamapekṣata ityapekṣāyāṃ paiṭhīnasiḥ-pakṣadvaye'pi tithayastithiṃ pūrvā tathottarām | tribhirmuhūrtairvidhyanti sāmānyo'yaṃ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ | iti tribhireveti niyamena tannyūnaghaṭikādiparimitatithyantarayoge'pi na grāhyatādiprayojakavedhasiddhiriti jñāpyate | varjanaprayojakavedhakatithiviśeṣe etadapavādaḥnāgo dvādaśanāḍībhirdikpañcadaśabhistathā | bhūto'ṣṭādaśanāḍībhirdūṣayatyuttarāṃ tithim | iti | atraca yatra skandavratasāvitrīvratādau ṣaṣṭhyāditithiḥ pūrvaviddhā vihitā tatrāpyuktaparimāṇapūrvatithivedhadoṣe pūrvaviddhā na grāhyeti kecit | anye tvāhuḥevaṃ sati vedhaviśiṣṭadūṣyatāvidhau gauravāpatteryathoktavratātiriktavrateṣūttaraviddhāniyamātpūrvaviddhāyā duṣṭatvamarthātsiddham | tatra pūrvasyāstitheḥ prāptadūṣakatānuvādena parimāṇaviśeṣamātravidhau lāghavamiti skandavratasāvitrīvratādivyatiriktavratamuktaparimāṇavedhe sati pūrvaviddhāyāṃ na kartavyaṃ tāvatparimāṇanyūnavedhe tu pūrvaviddhāyāṃ kartavyamiti | anyānapi vedhaprakārāṃstattatprakaraṇe ### [1.31.p1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.4) vakṣyāmaḥ dinadvaye karmakālāsparśe tadekadeśasparśe vā yugmavākyādiśāstrādyaddinagatā tithirgrāhyatvena nirṇītā tasyāṃ vihitakālāvacchinnāyāṃ sāṅgaprayogāsaṃbhavena vaiguṇyaśaṅkāyāṃ devalaḥ-yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya udayaṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānajapādiṣu | yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya yātyastaṃ padminīpatiḥ sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānādikarmasu | iti jyotiḥśāstraprasiddhatithisākalyābhāve'pi āhāryaṃ tithisākalyaṃ vidadhadbhyāmetābhyāṃ vacanābhyāmuktaśaṅkānirāsena vihitakāle eva tattatkarmānuṣṭhānaṃ niyamyate | prātaḥ saṃkalpayedvidvānupavāsavratādikam-iti vihitasaṃkalpakāle ca tithyantarasattve'pi vihitatithyanusaṃdhānaṃ kāryamiti jñāpyate | kiyatparimāṇāyāstitheḥ pūrvottaratithividdhatvamuktavidhasākalyaṃ veti śaṅkāyāṃ viṣṇudharmottare-udite daivataṃ bhānau paitryaṃ cāstamite ravau dvimuhūrtaṃ trirahvaśca sā tithirhavyakavyayoḥ | iti | bhānorudayānantaraṃ dvimuhūrtaṃ daivataṃ tadvyāpinī tithirdaivātmake havye grāhyā, raverastamayātpūrvamahastrimuhūrttaṃ pitryaṃ tadvyāpinī tithiḥ pitryātmake kavye grāhyetyarthaḥ | astamita iti bhūtārthāvivakṣāyā ahna iti padena lābhāt | udaye dvimuhūrtāyā grahaṇaṃ ca trimuhūrtāyā asaṃbhave jñeyam | trimuhūrttā na kartavyā yā tithiḥ kṣayagāminī dvimuhūrttāpi kartavyā yā tithirvṛddhigāminī | iti dakṣavacane śrutādapiśabdāt | dvimuhūrtaṃnyūnāyā api grāhyatvapratipādakaṃ tu yacchāstraṃ—yathāha baudhāyanaḥ-ādityodayavelāyāṃ yā stokāpi tithirbhavet | pūrṇā ityavagantavyā prabhūtā nodayaṃ vinā ### [1.31.p1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.5) iti, skānde-vratopavāsasnānādau ghaṭikaikāpi yā bhavet udaye sā tithirgrāhyā viparītā tu paitṛke | iti,—tadavayutyānuvādakatvenaikaṃ vṛṇīte trīnvṛṇīta itivattrimuhūrtādivyāpitithistutiparamiti bahavaḥ | vidhyekavākyatāṃ vinā stutyayogādyatra gaurīvrate ekādaśīvrate parvasnānādau ghaṭikādiparimitāyā audayikyā grāhyatve śāstrāntarasaṃvādo labhyate tadviṣayamiti tu tattvam evamudayāstasaṃbandhatvena prāptasākalyasya kvacitkarmaṇyapavādaḥ skānde-abhyaṅge codadhisnāne dantadhāvanamaithune | jāte ca maraṇe caiva tatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | manvādau ca yugādau ca grahaṇe candrasūryayoḥ | vyatīpāte vaidhṛtau ca tatkālavyāpinī kriyā iti | atra dvitīyaśloke grahaṇādidṛṣṭāntena manvādidugāditithīnāṃ sākalyāpavādo niyamyate | tathā nāradīye-pāraṇe maraṇe nṝṇāṃ tithistātkālikī smṛtā iti | yatra tithiviśeṣe pūrvaviddhāyāḥ paraviddhāyāḥ prāśastyabodhakatayā parasparaviruddhe śāstre dṛśyete yathā tṛtīyāyāṃ yugmāgnīti, caturthīsaṃyutā yā tu sā tṛtīyā phalapradeti ca, tatra śāstrāntarā tombānusāreṇa karmabhedena vyavasthā | yathā rambhāvrate tṛtīyā pūrvaviddhā, gaurīvratādau paravidveti | yatra tvīdṛśī vyavasthā na labhyate tatra-śuklapakṣe tithirgrāhyā yasyāmabhyudito raviḥ | kṛṣṇapakṣe tithirgrāhyā yasyāmastamito raviḥ | iti mārkaṇḍeyavaconusāreṇa vyavasthā bodhyā yasyāṃ tu tithau nakṣatravārādiyogena prāśastyaṃ bodhitaṃ tatra yugmādiśāstroktavyavasthānusāritithau na labhyate tadviparītatithau ### [1.31.p1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.6) ca labhyate tadoktavyavasthāmanādṛtya nakṣatrādiyoga evādaraṇīyaḥyā tithirṛkṣasaṃyuktā yā ca yogena nārada | muhūrttatrayamānāṃ1pi sāpi sarvā praśasyate | iti | apiśabdo dvitīyo bhinnakramaḥ sarvāpīti | yā tithirnakṣatrādyanapekṣaiva yasminkarmaṇi vihitā tasyāmapi yugmādiśāstranirṇītapūrvaviddhaাদিরūpāyāṃ yadi tatkarma daivānna kṛtaṃ tadavaśyakartavyaṃ ca tadā paraviddhaাদিরūpāmi sā tithirgauṇakālatvena tasminkarmaṇi svīkartavyā-pratipatsadvitīyā syādityādiśāstrāṇāṃ pratipadyapyamāvāsyeti śāstrāntarānurodhena kṛṣṇapratipadyeva tadapravṛttidaśāyāṃ śuklapratipadyapi pravṛtterucitatvāt, bādhakābhāve bādhyasya nirapavādatvāditinyāyasyobhayatra sāmyāditi mādhavaḥ | iti tithisāmānyanirṇayaparibhāṣā atha viśeṣeṇa nirṇayaṃ vaktuṃ karmaṇāmavāntarabhedāstatkālāśca kathyante | tatra karmāṇi dvividhāni-daivāni pitryāṇi ca tatra daivvāni ṣaḍvidhāni-ekabhakta-naktā-'yācito-pavāsavrata-dānarūpāṇi | tatra tadahorātragatadvitīyabhojanābhāvaviśiṣṭamadhyāhnavihitabhojanamekabhaktam | tādṛśameva pradoṣavihitaṃbhojanaṃ naktam | ayācitaṃ tu tādṛśamevāyācitānnabhojanam-tryahaṃ prātastryahaṃ sāyaṃ tryahamadyādayācitaṃ-iti bṛhaspativacanādityāhuḥ kecit | tanna | evaṃmasata kadācidyācitānnalābhābhāvenopavāsaprasaktau śiṣṭācāraviruddhavratabhaṅgāpatteḥ, tryahaṃ na kaṃcana yāceteti ### [1.31.p1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.7) gautamavacaḥsaṃvādaucityādyācitamiti nañaḥ samāsāntargatasyāpi asūryaṃpaśyā itivatkriyānvayamaṅgīkṛtya yācitānnabhojanābhāvasaṃkalpātmakamevāyācitavrataṃ vidhīyata iti madanaratnakṛtaḥ | natvetadapi yuktam | taddine bhojanopayogiyācñāṃ kṛtvāpi yācitabhojanamakurvato vratasaṃpūrṇatāpatteḥ, tatrāpi śiṣṭācāravirodhāt, tryahaṃ na kaṃcana yācetetivacaḥsvarasabhaṅgāpatteśca | atastaddinādhikaraṇikāyā bhojanopayogiyācñāyā varjanasaṃkalpātmakaṃ taditi yuktam | saṃgacchate caivaṃsati dināntare yācñālabdhasyāpi taddine pakvādiprati yācanemantareṇa bhojane vratabhaṅgābhāvaḥ śiṣṭānām | tadahorātragatabhojanavarjanaphalopahitaḥ saṃkalpa upavāsaḥ| uktakriyācatuṣṭayabhinnadānabhinnahomapūjādyātmakadaivakriyāsaṃkalpo vratam | dānaṃ parasvatvāpādanaviśiṣṭaḥ (sva)svatvotsargaḥ tāni ṣaḍapi daivāni pratyekaṃ trividhāni-anyāṅgāni, anyapratinidhibhūtāni, svatantrāṇi ceti | tatra yasyaikabhaktādeḥ pradhānaṃ pūjādi tadīyakāle madhyāhnādau vihitaṃ tasyāṅgasya pradhānānurodhena svaguṇatyāgaucityāt pradhānanirṇayānusārinirṇayatvācca na nirṇayāpekṣā | yadapi dināntarakartavyatādyaṅgattvena vihitamekabhaktādi yathā-daśamyāmekabhaktañca māṃsamaithunavarjitaḥ-iti, tasyāpi madhyāhnādisvasvakālānuṣṭhānasaṃbhave'pi yahine pradhānaṃ nirṇītaṃ tatpūrvadinādau kartavyatvānna pṛthaṅnirṇayatvam | evaṃ-ekabhaktena naktena tathaivāyācitena ca ### [1.31.p1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.8) upavāsena dānena na nirdvādaśiko bhavet | iti mārkaṇḍeyādivacanairekādaśīvratādipratinidhittvena vihitamekabhaktādi nirṇītataddina eva kāryamiti na nirṇayāpekṣā | ataḥ svatantrāṇāmevaiṣāṃ nirṇayatvam tatraikabhaktakālo nirṇīyate | tasya mukhyaḥ kālo madhyāhnaḥ madhyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhakte sadā tithiḥiti baudhāyanokteḥ | yadyapi madhyāhnaśabdo nānārthaḥ pratīyate | tathāhi-muhūrttatritayaṃ prātastāvaneva tu saṃgavaḥ | madhyāhnāścāparāhnaśca sāyāhno'pyavarastathā-iti vyāsavākyāt pañcadhāvibhāgagato madhyabhāgo madhyāhnaḥ | ‘pūrvāhṇo vai devānāṃ madhyaṃdino manuṣyāṇāmaparāhnaḥ pitṛṇāmiti śrutestredhāvibhāgagataḥ,-pūrvāhnaḥ praharaṃ sārdhaṃ madhyāhnaḥ praharaṃ tathā ātṛtīyādaparāhnaḥ sāyāhnaśca tataḥ paraḥ | iti caturdhā vibhāgagato dvitīyabhāgaḥ | pañcadaśamuhūrtātmanā vibhāge madhyamuhūrte'pipūrvāhne vātha madhyāhne yadi parva samāpyate-iti, tathāpi parigrahavākyātpañcadhā vibhāgagatameva madhyāhnaṃ grāhyamāha mādhavaḥ mānāntarānapekṣamadhyāhnaśabdātredhāvibhaktadinamadhyabhāgasya pratīteḥ sa eva svīkārya iti hemādriḥ | bhavati caivamāśvavālādinyāyena balavadvaidikaprasiddhayanusaraṇam | madhyāhnasyāpyuttaradalamevaikabhaktāṅgam | tadasaṃbhave tvāstaṃ gauṇakālaḥ-dinārdhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktaṃ nyūnaṃ grāsatrayeṇa tu iti devalavacanāt | madhyāhnottaradalātmanaḥ kālasya kātrsnryenaikadeśena vā paradina eva vihitatithisaṃbandhe tatraivādhikadeśasaṃbandhe vā paratraiva kāryam | pakṣāntareṣu pūrvatraiveti bahavaḥ ### [1.31.p1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.9) dinadvaye karmakālavyāptau yugmaśāstrānnirṇaya iti hemādrau madranaratne ca | yatra sāṅgaikabhaktaprayoge uktamukhyakālo gauṇānapekṣo na paryāpnoti tatra pūrvaiva tithiḥ, yatra paryāptastatra yugmavākyānnirṇaya iti matayorvyavasthā | ityekabhaktanirṇayaḥ naktaṃ sauraṃ ravivāsarasaptamyādau vihitaṃ sāyāhne kāryam ye tvādityadine brahmannaktaṃ kurvanti mānavāḥ dinānte te'pi bhuṃjīranniṣedhādrātribhojane | iti bhaviṣyottaravacanāt, narasya dviguṇāṃ chāyāmatikrāmedyadā raviḥ tadā sauraṃ bhavennaktaṃ na naktaṃ niśi bhojanam | iti kaurmokteśca anyadapi yatīnāṃ sāyāhna eva kāryam-nakṣatradarśane naktaṃ gṛhasthasya vidhīyate | yaterdināṣṭame bhāge tasya rātrau niṣidhyate iti devalavacanāt | ata uktavidhādvaye'pi sāyāhnavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā | uktānyanakte pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā-trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ syādbhānvāvastaṃgate sati | naktaṃ tatra ca kartavyamiti śāstraviniścayaḥ | iti vyāsokteḥ | astātprāktano muhūrto gauṇaḥ kālaḥ-muhūrtondiṃnaṃ naktaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ | nakṣatradarśanānnaktamahaṃ manye gaṇādhipa-iti bhaviṣye paramatatvena tasya gauṇatvasūcanāt | dinadvaye pradoṣavyāptau parā grāhyā-yadi syādubhayostithyoḥ pradoṣavyāpinī tithiḥ | tadottaratra naktaṃ syādubhayaḥ trāpi sā yataḥ | iti jābālivacanāt | ubhayatra divārātrau evaṃ dinadvaye pradoṣaikadeśavyāptāvapi | dinadvaye pradoṣasaṃbandhābhāve tūttaratra sāyāhne naktaṃ kāryam-pradoṣavyāpinī na syāddivā naktaṃ vidhīyate | ātmano dviguṇā chāyā mandībhavati bhāskare ### [1.31.p1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.10) tannaktaṃ naktamityāhurna naktaṃ niśi bhojanam | iti skāndavacanāt pūrvadine'dhikapradoṣaikadeśavyāptāvapi paratraiva pradoṣe naktaṃ kāryam naktasya divārātrivratatvena divārātrispṛktithereva tatra praśastatvāt | evaṃ paradina eva pradoṣavyāptau paratraiva pradoṣādhikavyāptau ca paratraiva ca naktaṃ nirvivādam | pūrvatraiva pradoṣavyāptau pūrvatraiva naktamityapi tathā | atra niyamo gāruḍe-haviṣyabhojanaṃ snānaṃ satyamāhāralāghavam | agnikāryamadhaḥśayyāṃ naktabhojī ṣaḍācaret | iti | snānamidaṃ naktavratāṅgabhūtaṃ tatkālīnaṃ vidhīyate | agnikāryaṃ vyāhṛtibhirājyahomo laukikāgnau sakṛt idaṃ ca naktabhojanaṃ-sāyaṃsaṃdhyā trighaṭikā ravāvastaṃgate satiiti nirdiṣṭasaṃdhyākālamatikramya kāryam-catvāryetāni kāryāṇi saṃdhyāyāṃ parivarjayet | āhāraṃ maithunaṃ nidrāṃ svādhyāyaṃ ca caturthakam | iti mārkaṇḍeyavacanāditi kecit | hemādristu sūryāstaprabhṛtinakṣatradarśanāvadhireva mukhyaḥ saṃdhyāpadārthaḥ | tatsaṃbandhādghaṭikātrayamaupacārikārthaḥ | satyapi ghaṭikātrayasya mukhyatve rāgataḥ prāptameva bhojanaṃ tatra niṣidhyate na vihitaṃ naktabhojanamityāha | tanna | svalpamahākālayoḥ saṃdhyāpadavācyatvasmṛtitulyatve ekasya vācyatvamaṅgīkṛtyetaratropacārasvīkāra ityatra vinigamanābhāvāt, rāgataḥ prāptasyaiva niṣedhābhyupagame'pi naktavratina ekākino bhavedapyuktakāle bhojanamanyairbrāhmaṇabālavṛddhāturaiḥ saha bhojanaṃ tu pradoṣottaraghaṭikātraya eva kartumucitam | sati saṃbhave parapratyavāyasyāpi parihāryatvāt | ekādaśyādāvupavāsapratyāmnāyabhūtaṃ naktaṃ tu upavāsadina eveti ### [1.31.p1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.11) prāgevoktam | iti naktanirṇayaḥ || ayācitasya tu ahorātrasādhyatvādupavāsavadeva nirṇayaḥ vratādau śuklapratipatpūrvaviddhā grāhyā-pratipaccapyamāvāsyāiti yugmavākyāt | atra yadyapyaviśeṣeṇa pūrvaviddhatvamuktaṃ, tathāpyaparāhnavyāpinyeva sā pūrvaviddhā grāhyā-pratipatsaṃmukhī kāryā yā bhavedāparāhnikī-iti skāndavacanāt | atrāparāhnaḥ pañcadhā vibhaktasyāhnaścaturtho bhāgaḥ | kṛṣṇapratipadaparāhrottarakālapravṛttaśuklapratipacca dvitīyāyutā grāhyā-pratipatsadvitīyā syādvitīyā pratipadyutā-ityāpastambavacanāditi madanaratne mādhavastvaparāhnavyāptyabhāve'pi sāyāhnavyāpinyā api śuklapratipadaḥ pūrvaviddhāyā eva grāhyatāmāha-tadabhāve tu sāyāhnavyāpinī parigṛhyata iti | upavāse tu pakṣadvaye'pi pratipatpūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā-pratipatpañcamī caiva upodhyā pūrvasaṃyutā-iti madanaratne jābālivacanāt-pratipatpañcamī bhūtaṃ sāvitrī vaṭapūrṇimā navamī daśamī caiva nopodhyāḥ parasaṃyutā-iti tatraiva brahmavaivartavacanācca | niṣiddhaśca tithyantaravedho yadyapi karmāntara ivopavāse'pi trimuhūrtaparimita eva prāptastathāpi sa upavāsaviṣaye svalpo'pi vedho varjanīyaḥ-ghaṭikārdhaṃ tribhāgaṃ vā svalpaṃ vā dūṣayettithim | pañcagavyaghaṭaṃ pūrṇa surāyā binduko yathā iti ṣaṭtriṃśanmatavākyasya-sarvaprakāravedho'yamupavāsasya dūṣakaḥ-iti nigamavākyānurodhenopavāsaviṣayatayā madanaratne vyākhyānāt | niṣiddhavedharahitatithyalābhe tu ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥaviddhāni niṣiddhaiścenna labhyante dināni tu | muhūrtaḥ pañcabhirviddhā grāhyaivaikādaśī tithiḥ | tadardhaviddhānyanyāni dinānyupavasennaraḥ ### [1.31.p1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.12) iti | atrokto muhūrtapañcakavedho'ruṇodayamārabhya jñeyaḥ | sārdhamuhūrtadvayavedhastu sūryodayamārabhyetyuktaṃ madanaratne | ito'dhikavedhe tu tatraivābhyadhāyi-aviddhānāmalābhe tu payo dadhi phalāni ca | sakṛdevālpamaśnīyādupavāsastato bhavet | iti aparāhnavyāpipratipatthityādiṣu cikīrṣitasyāpi vratasya prārambhaḥ prātareva kāryaḥ-prātaḥ saṃkalpayedvidvānupavāsavratādikam | iti mādhavīyavacanāt | saṃkalpāṅgabhūtatithyādisaṃkīrtanakāle ca jyotiḥśāstramaryādayāmāvāsyāsattve'pi pratipatsaṃkīrtanamevocitam-yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpyetyādeśāpādyasākalyavidhāyinaḥ śāstrasya prayogaviṣayatvena saṃkalpe'pi tithyaṅgatāprāpakatvāt | smṛtito viśeṣeṇa prātaḥkālasya saṃkalpāṅgapratītāvapi sūryodayātpūrvamuṣaḥkālaḥ praśastataraḥ udayānantarabhāviprātaḥpadavācyatrimuhūrtāntyamuhūrtaśca niṣiddhaḥ taittirīyabrāhmaṇe prathamakāṇḍe pañcamaprapāṭhake dvitīyānuvāketāvati kurvīta yatkārī syāditi śrutivyākhyāvasare sūryodayātprāgārambhasya satāmapi śāstroktakāladoṣāṇāmupaśāmakatvena vedabhāṣyakṛtā kathanāt-purā vācaḥ pravadito nirvapediti vidherniyamavidhiṃtvādyoṣaḥkālasyāpi prātaḥpadavācyatāyā mīmāṃsakaiḥ svīkaraṇācca, tṛtīyānuvāke'ntyamuhūrtasyāślīlasaṃdhyantargatatvena bhāṣyakṛtā nindākathanācca | caturthānuvākopakrame'nuvākadvayanirūpitaheyopādeyakālavibhāgasyānābhyādhītatvena sarvakarmasaṃbandhitoyāstenaiva kathanācca | vistareṇa caitacchutyabhiprāyaṃ piṇḍapitṛyajñaprakaraṇe vakṣyāmaḥ athātraivopavāsādivratopayogiparibhāṣā | vṛddhavasiṣṭhaḥ-upavāse tathā śrāddhe na kuryāddantadhāvanam | dantānāṃ ### [1.31.p1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.13) kāṣṭhasaṃyogo hanti saptakulāni ca | iti | tatra ca parṇādinā dantadhāvanaṃ kuryāddvādaśagaṇḍūṣairveti hemādriḥ-alābhe vā niṣedhe vā kāṣṭhānāṃ dantadhāvanam | parṇādinā viśuddhena jihvollekhaṃ tathaiva ca | iti paiṭhīnasivacanāt-alābhe dantakāṣṭhānāṃ niṣiddhāyāṃ tathā tithau | apāṃ dvādaśagaṇḍūṣairvidadhyāddantadhāvanam | iti vyāsavacanācca | saṃkalpaprakāraśca mahābhārate-gṛhītvaudumbaraṃ pātraṃ vāripūrṇamudaṅmukhaḥ | upavāsaṃ tu gṛhṇīyāt | iti | audumbaraṃ tāmramayam | abhuktvā prātarāhāraṃ snātvācamya samāhitaḥ sūryādidevatābhyaśca nivedya vratamācaret | iti | bhaviṣye-kṣamā satyaṃ dayā dānaṃ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ | devapūjā ca havanaṃ saṃtoṣaḥ steyavarjanam | sarvavrateṣvayaṃ dharmaḥ sāmānyo daśadhā ### [1.31.p1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.14) smṛtaḥ| atra homo vyāhṛtibhiḥ| sa ca kāmyavrataviṣayaḥ| śāstrāntaraikavākyatayā tathaiva pratīteḥ | yattu sāptadaśyavākyasya mitravindādiprakaraṇasthavākyeneva tattadvataprakaraṇasthahomavidhināsyopasaṃhāra iti | tanna | sarvaśabdasya sāmānyavācitvābhāvenopasaṃhāranyāyābhāvāt | vrataśabdasya pradhānakarmābhidhāyinaḥ samabhivyāhāreṇa sāmidhenīdvārā sāptadaśyasyeva kiṃcidaṅgadvārā vratāpūrvasaṃbandhasyākalpyatvācca | viṣṇudharme-tajjāpyajapattaddhyānatatkathāśravaṇādikam | tadarcanaṃ ca tannāmakīrtanaśravaṇādayaḥ| upavāsakṛtāmete guṇāḥ proktā manīṣibhiḥ | iti | viṣṇuparahasye-smṛtyālokanagandhādisvādanaṃ parikīrtanam | anyasya varjayetsarvaṃ grāsānāṃ cābhikāṅkṣaṇam | gātrābhyaṅgaṃ śirobhyaṅgaṃ tāmbūlaṃ cānulepanam | vratastho varjayetsarvaṃ yaccānyaddalarāgakṛditi| sabhartṛkāyāstu vrate tāmbūlagrahaṇamapi na doṣāya | tathoktaṃ hemādrau gāruḍegandhālaṃkāratāmbūlapuṣpamālānulepanam | upavāse na duṣyanti dantadhāvanamañjanam | iti | idaṃ cai sāmarthyātsabhartṛkāviṣayam | tathāca śāstrāntaram-añjanaṃ ca satāmbūlaṃ kuṅkumaṃ raktavāsasī | dhārayetsopavāsāpi avaidhavyakaraṃ hi tat iti | pādme-aṣṭaitānyavrataghnāni āpo mūlaṃ phalaṃ payaḥ | havirbrāhmaṇakāmyā ca gurorvacanamauṣadham | sarvabhūtābhayaṃ caivāpramādo guruśāsanam | avrataghnāni paṭhyante sakṛdetāni śāstrataḥ | iti guroḥ pṛthaggrahaṇaṃ kṣatriyādijātīyapitṛvākyasyāvrataghnatvasiddhyartham | gāruḍe-krodhātpramādālobhādvā vratabhaṅgo bhavedyadi | dinatrayaṃ na bhuñjīta muṇḍanaṃ śiraso'thavā | iti | ayaṃ vikalpaḥ ### [1.31.p1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.15) puruṣāṇāṃ vidhavānāṃ ca bodhyaḥ | sadhavānāṃ dinatrayopavāsa eva evaṃ kṛtaprāyaścittaḥ punarvrataṃ kuryāt-prāyaścittamataḥ kṛtvā punareva vratī bhavet iti vāyupurāṇāt | aśaktasya tūpavāsasya pratinidhimāha hemādriḥ-upavāsāsāmarthyaścedekaṃ vipraṃ tu bhojayet tāvaddhanādi vā dadyādbhuktaśceddviguṇaṃ tathā | iti | brāhmaṇabhojanaṃ vinā kṛtabhojano'dhikārī dviguṇabrāhmaṇabhojanādi kuryādityarthaḥ mātsye-upavāseṣvaśaktānāṃ naktabhojanamiṣyate | iti | yastustrīṇāṃ vrataniṣedhaḥ skānde-nāsti strīṇāṃ pṛthagyajño na vrataṃ nāpyupoṣaṇam | bhartṛśuśrūṣayaivaitāḥ kāmāniṣṭānvrajanti hi | iti niṣedhaḥ sa bharturanujñāyāmasatyāṃ bodhyaḥ | bhāryā patyurmatenaiva vratādīnyācaretsadā | iti kātīyokteḥ | naitāvatā vidhavāyā vratānadhikāro bodhyaḥ | pākṣikaprāptimapajīvya pravṛttaniyamavidheḥ sadhavāṃ pratyeva pravṛtteḥ | upāṃśu yajuṣetyasya nigadānyamantreṣu pravṛttitavat | yattu-nārī khalvananujñātā bhartrā vāpi sutena vā | viphalaṃ tu bhavettasyā yatkarotyaurdhvadehikam | iti | aurdhvadehikaṃ pāralaukikam | taddhanasādhyavrateṣvavibhaktadhanaputrānujñāyā niyamārthaṃ dṛṣṭārthatvāt , na tu bharturanujñāvatputrānujñāyā adhikārasaṃpādakatvamiti darśitam | ata eva harivaṃśe-adhikārasaṃpādakasnānādiprāyapāṭho bharturanujñāyā eva dṛśyate | snānaṃ kāryaṃ tu śiraṃsastataḥ phalamavāpnuyāt snātvā strī prātarutthāya patiṃ vijñāpayetsatī | gṛhītvaudumbaraṃ pātraṃ sakuśaṃ sākṣataṃ tathā | gośṛṅgaṃ dakṣiṇaṃ siñcetpragṛhṇīyācca ### [1.31.p1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.16) tajjalam | tato bhartuḥ satī dadyātsnātasya prayatasya ca | ātmanaścābhiṣektavyaṃ tataḥ śirasi tajjalam | upavāseṣu kartavyametaddhi vratakeṣu ca | atra vratapadaṃ gobalīvardanyāyenopavāsabhinnavrataparam svīkṛtavratasya kenāpi nimittena kartumaśakyatve'nyadvārā vrataṃ kārayediti | tathācoktaṃ madanaratne prabhāsakhaṇḍe-bharttā putraḥ purodhāśca bhrātā patnī sakhāpi ca | yātrāyāṃ dharmakārye ca jāyante pratihastakāḥ | ebhiḥ kṛtaṃ mahādevi svayameva kṛtaṃ bhavet | iti | pratinidhitayāpi pravṛttānāṃ puṇyātiśayamāha kātyāyanaḥ-pitṛmātṛbhrātṛpatigurvarthe'pi viśeṣataḥ | upavāsaṃ prakurvāṇaḥ puṇyaṃ śataguṇaṃ bhavet iti | mātāmahādīnuddiśya ekādaśyāmupoṣaṇe | kṛte te tu phalaṃ viprāḥ samagraṃ samavāpnuyuḥ | iti | anena vacasā pratikṛitādapyupavāsātkārayiturna phalanyūnatetyuktam | atra ca svayamasvīkṛtavrato gurvādiphaloddeśenopavāsādivrataṃ kurvan svādhikārakavidhibodhitamapi phalaṃ labhata iti bodhyam devalaḥ-asakṛjjalapānācca sakṛttāmbūlacarvaṇāt upavāsaḥ praṇaśyeta divāsvāpācca maithunāt | maithunaṃ cāṣṭavidhamsmaraṇaṃ kīrtanaṃ keliḥ prekṣaṇaṃ guhyabhāṣaṇam | saṃkalpo'dhyavasāyaśca kriyānirvṛttireva ca | etanmaithunamaṣṭāṅgaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ iti | prāṇasaṃkaṭe tvasakṛjjalapānapratiprasavamāha devalaḥ-atyaye cāmbupāne'pi nopavāsaḥ praṇaśyati | iti | devalaḥ-brahmacaryamahiṃsā ca satyamāmiṣavarjanam | vrateṣvetāni catvāri kartavyāni hi sūribhiḥ| atrāmiṣapadārthaḥ śāstrāntarādeva boddhavyaḥ| āmiṣaṃ datipānīyaṃ govarjaṃ kṣīramāmiṣam | masūramāmiṣaṃ sasye phale ### [1.31.p1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.17) jambīramāmiṣam| āmiṣaṃ śuktikācūrṇamāranālaṃ tathāmiṣam madanaratne-dānavratādiniyamā jñānaṃ dhyānaṃ hutaṃ japaḥ| yatnenāpi kṛtaṃ sarvaṃ krodhitasya vṛthā bhavet| aśruprapāto roṣaśca kalahasya kṛtistathā | upavāsādgatāhlāṇi sadyo bhraṃśayati striyaḥ| iti striyamiti grahaṇaṃ tasyā adhikadoṣajñāpanāthaṃm | devīpurāṇevrate tīrthe cādhyayane śrāddhe'pi ca viśeṣataḥ| parānnabhojanāddevi yasyānnaṃ tasya tatphalam | iti | bhārate-vedopaniṣade caiva sarvakarmasu dakṣiṇā | sarvaṛtumayoddiṣṭā bhūmirgāvo'pi dakṣiṇā agnipurāṇe-nityasnāyī nirāhāro gurudevadvijārthakaḥ| kṣāraṃ kṣaudraṃ ca lavaṇaṃ madhu māṃsādi varjayet | tilamudgādṛte śimbyaṃ sasye godhūmakodravau | dhānyeṣu devadhānyaṃ ca śamīdhānyaṃ tathaikṣavam | svinnadhānyaṃ tathā peṣyaṃ mūlaṃ kṣāragaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ| iti | svinnaṃ cirakālaṃ jalaklinnam haviṣyāṇi godhūmāśca vihitā api-śyāmākāścaiva nīvārā godhūmāśca vrate hitāḥ | iti | bhaviṣye-haimantikaṃ sitāsvinnaṃ dhānyaṃ muṃjā yavāstilāḥ| kalāyakaṅgunīvārā vāstukaṃ hilamocikā ṣaṣṭikā kālaśākaṃ ca mūlakaṃ kemuketarat| kandaḥ saindhavasamudre lavaṇe madhusarpiṣī | payo'nuddhṛtasāraṃ ca panasāmraharītakī pippalī jīrakaṃ caiva nāgaraṃ ca tittiṇī| kadalīlavalīdhātrīphalānyaguḍamaikṣavam | atailapakvaṃ munayo haviṣyāṇi pracakṣate iti | atailapakvamiti uktadravyāṇāmeva viśeṣaṇam ### [1.31.p1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.18) pāraṇāvicāraḥ-upavāsapāraṇāyā bhojananiṣedhena sahaikasminnaṣṭamyādikāle prāptau bhojanameva kāryaṃ niṣedhasya vihitāviṣayatvāt| upavāsena sahaikasminnekādaśyādikāle upavāsāntarapāraṇāprāptau jalapārarṇaṃ kuryāt | āpo vā aśitamanaśitaṃ ceti śruteḥ | cāndrāyaṇāntargatabhojanaprāptau bhojanameva kāryaṃ kāmyena nityabādhāt | vastutastu rāgaprāptabhojanasyaiva niṣedhaśāstreṇa vratavidhināpi viṣeyīkaraṇāt| grāsasaṃkhyābhivṛddhihrāsaśuklakṛṣṇapakṣakālaviśiṣṭabhojanavidheścāndrāyaṇavākye svīkārācca tādṛśabhojane vratabādhaḥ | yatraikādaśyādau saṃkramaṇe ca putravadgṛhasthasyopavāsatanniṣedhau prasaktau yatra vāṣṭamyādau divā tithiprayukto niśi saṃkramaprayukto bhojananiṣedhaśceti saṃkaṭaprasaktistatra-upavāsaniṣedhe tu kiṃcidbhakṣyaṃ prakalpayet-iti śāstrāvalambanena nirvāhaḥ | dvayorupavāsayorekabhaktayorvā bhinnatithisādhyayorekadinopanipāte tantreṇānuṣṭhānaṃ, pūjāhomādīnāṃ bhinnadaivatyānāmapi sahānuṣṭhānaṃ-pākayajñānsamāsādyaikājyānekabarhiṣaḥ | ekasviṣṭakṛtaḥ kuryānnānāpi sati daivate | iti āśvalāyanavacanāt | upavāsaikabhaktayorekadā prasaktau tu svayamekaṃ kṛtvā putrādinā'nyatkārayet | tadasaṃbhave pūrvaviddhaśuklapratipadi kartavya upavāsaḥ paraviddhāyāmapi tasyāṃ kartavyaḥ pratipatsaditīyā syādityādeḥ sāmānyavacanasyāsati bādhe gauṇakālavidhāyitāyā api mādhavokteḥ | yatra tādṛśatithyasaṃbhavaḥ gauṇakālavidhāyitādṛśasāmānyapravṛttavacanābhāvo vā tatra-upavāsāsa samarthaścedaikaṃ vipraṃ tu bhojayet-ityādiprakāreṇa nirvāha iti | vṛddhaśātātapaḥ-upavāsaṃ dvijaḥ kṛtvā tato ### [1.31.p1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.19) brāhmaṇabhojanam | kuryāttenāsya saguṇa upavāso'bhijāyate iti | udyāpanānuktau nandipurāṇe-vittānusārato dadyādanuktodyāpane vrate | gauścaiva kāñcanaṃ dadyādvratasya paripūrtaye | iti nāradīye-sarveṣāmapyalābhe tu yathoktācaraṇaṃ vinā | vipravākyaṃ smṛtaṃ śuddhaṃ vratasya paripūrtaye | vṛddhai vipravaco yastu gṛhṇāti manujaḥ śubham | adattvā dakṣiṇāṃ pāpaḥ sa yāti narakaṃ dhruvam iti | atra yathāśaktidakṣiṇādānena saṃtuṣṭabrāhmaṇasya paripūrṇamastviti vacasā nyūnasyāpi karmaṇaḥ paripūrṇatvaṃ bhavatītyuktaṃ bhavati | anayaiva diśā dvitīyādivrateṣu nakṣatravrateṣu ca paribhāṣā bodhyā | daivakarmavat pitrye karmaṇi śuklapratipadāparāhṇikī pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā-pratipatsaiva vijñeyā yā bhavedāparāhikī daivaṃ karma tathā jñeyaṃ pitryaṃ ca manurabravīt | iti mādhavīye vyāsavacanāt | yadyapi sāṃvatsarikādipitrye sāmānyanirṇayādeva siddho'yamarthaḥ tathāpi paradināpekṣayā pūrvadine nyūnāparāhnavyāpinyā api pratipadaḥ sāṃvatsarikādau kartavyatvamiti tithyantarātpratipadi viśeṣaṃ vaktumetadvākyamityāha mādhavaḥ | iti pratipannirṇayaḥ ## Linked texts (12) - [Devalasmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.1) — Sanskrit - [Critical edition (BORI)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa*crit.13.83.5) — Sanskrit - [Agnipurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.agni.175.12) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Vārāhītantra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.general.sakta.varahitantra.7.22) — Sanskrit - [Haribhaktivilāsa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.vaisnava.gaudiya.acara.haribhaktivilasa.3.220) — Gopāla Bhaṭṭa Gosvāmin & Sanātana Gosvāmin 1535, Sanskrit - [Āśvalāyanagṛhyasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.grhya.asvalayana.1.3-10) — Āśvalāyana, Sanskrit - [Paiṭhīnasidharmasūtra (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.paithinasi*fragments.5.1) — Sanskrit - [Tithidīdhiti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithididhiti.1.31.p1.1) — Anantadeva 1650, Sanskrit - [Kālatattvavivecana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalatattvavivecana.1.p83) — Raghunātha Vājapeyin 1595, Sanskrit - [Kālasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.muhurta.kala.kalasara.5.p18) — Nārāyaṇa Jyotirvit, Sanskrit - [Kālasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalasara.5.p18) — Gadādhara (Pāraskara commentator), Sanskrit - [Kālanirṇaya (Kālamādhavīya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.kalamadhaviya.4.p21) — Mādhava, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1) · Pramāṇa