[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Legal Digests](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha) › [Great comprehensive digests](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha) › [Smritimuktaphala](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala) › 1.30 # Smritimuktaphala 1.30 Smṛtimuktāphala 1.30 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.30.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.1) śrīgaṇeśāya namaḥ || atha kālo nirūpyate || sa ca karmaṇyaṃgabhūtaḥ | tadāha gārgyaḥ— ‘‘tithinakṣatravārādi sādhanaṃ puṇyapāpayoḥ | pradhānaguṇabhāvena na svātaṃtryeṇa te kṣamāḥ ’’|| iti vyāso'pi—‘‘ yattithau yacca nakṣatre vāre yatra ca yadyathā ‘‘vihitaṃ vā niṣiddhaṃ vā pālayaṃstridivaṃ vrajet | apālayan punarmohādapavitraṃ padaṃ vrajet ’’|| iti nimeṣādilakṣaṇam | kāla eko'pyupādhibhedādanekaprakāraḥ | tathā ca gārgyaḥ— ‘‘akṣipakṣmaparikṣepo nimeṣaḥ parikīrtitaḥ | dvau nimeṣau truṭirnāma dvau truṭī tu lavaḥ smṛtaḥ ‘‘dvau lavau kṣaṇa ityuktaḥ kāṣṭhā proktā daśa kṣaṇāḥ ‘‘triṃśatkāṣṭhāḥ kalāḥ proktāḥ kalāstriṃśanmuhūrtakaḥ | te tu triṃśadahorātra ityāha bhagavānharaḥ’’|| iti tithisvarūpam | tithirūpamuktaṃ kālādarśa— ‘‘ravīndroryogavirahau kramāddarśaśca pūrṇimā | kalāḥ praveśaniryāṇaistithayo'nyāśca pakṣayoḥ’’|| iti sūryācaṃdramasoḥ sannikarṣe darśaḥ | viprakarṣaḥ pūrṇimā bhavati | iṃdoḥ kalānāṃ ravau praveśaniryāṇaiḥ sūryācaṃdramasoḥ kṛṣṇaśuklapakṣayoḥ pratipadādayaḥ tithayo bhaveyurityarthaḥ khaṇḍatithilakṣaṇam | tatra saṃpūrṇatithau nāsti saṃdehaḥ | yadā hrāsavṛddhivaśena khaṃḍatithirbhavati tadā nirṇayo'pekṣyate | hrāsavṛddhī ca gārgyeṇa darśite— ‘‘kharvā darpā tathā hiṃsrā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | dharmādharmavaśādeva tithistredhā vivartate ’’|| iti kharvā samatithiḥ | darpā vṛddhiyuktā | hiṃsrā kṣayayuktā khaṃḍatithau vidhiniṣedhavyavasthāmāha vṛddhagārgyaḥ— ‘‘nimittaṃ kālamādāya vṛttirvidhiniṣedhayoḥ | vidhiḥ pūjyatithau tatra niṣedhaḥ kālamātrake ### [1.30.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.2) ‘‘tithīnāṃ pūjyatā nāma karmānuṣṭhānayogyatā | niṣedhastu nivṛttyātmā kālamātramapekṣate ’’|| iti ‘‘darśe snātvā pitṛbhyastu dadyātkṛṣṇatilodakam ’’ ityādividhiḥ karmānuṣṭhānayogyātithimapekṣate ‘‘amāvāsyāyāṃ na gacchetprāptakālāpi striyam | tailaṃ ca na spṛśeddāmaṃ vṛkṣādīṃśca na chedayet ’’ ityādiko niṣedhastithimātramapekṣata ityarthaḥ | evaṃ ca sati khaṃḍatithau pūjyatvaṃ nirṇetavyaṃ bhavati tatra pratipadamārabhya paṃcadaśyaṃtāstithayaḥ krameṇa nirṇīyante pratipannirṇayaḥ | pratipat dvividhā | śuddhā viddhā ceti | yā sūryodayamārabhya punarudayaparyaṃtā bhavati sā śuddhā ‘‘sarvā hyetāśca tithaya udayādodayasthitāḥ | śuddhā iti viniśceyāḥ ṣaṣṭināḍyo hi vai tithiḥ’’|| iti smṛteḥ | śuddhatvātpratipadādivihitaṃ sarvaṃ niḥśaṃkaistatrānuṣṭheyam | viddhā ca dvividhā | pūrvadine darśayuktā uttaradine dvitīyāyuktā ceti | tatra pūrvaviddhāyāḥ pūjyatvamāha paiṭhīnasiḥ— ‘‘paṃcamī saptamī caiva daśamī ca trayodaśī | pratipannavamī caiva kartavyā saṃmukhā tithiḥ ’’|| iti saṃmukhatvaṃ ca skāṃdapurāṇe vivecitam"saṃmukhā nāma sāyāhnavyāpinī dṛśyate yadvā | pratipatsaṃmukhā kāryā yā bhavedāparāhikī" || iti vyāso'pi--"pratipatsaiva vijñeyā yā bhavedāparāhikī" || iti etasyaiva pakṣasyānugrāhaka uttaraviddhāyā niṣedho bṛhadvasiṣṭhena smaryate5" dvitīyā paṃcamī vedvāṣṭamī ca trayodaśī | caturdaśī copavāse hanyuḥ pūrvottare tithī" || iti dvitīyādayaḥ svavedhena pūrvāmuttarāṃ ca tithiṃ hanyurityabhidhānāduttarairviddhā pratipadupavāse niṣiddhā ### [1.30.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.3) bhavati | tathā ca brahmakaivarte"pratipatpaṃcamībhūtasāvitravratapūrṇimā | navamī daśamī caiva nopoṣyāḥ parasaṃyutāḥ " || iti sāvitravratapūrṇimā sāvitravratayuktā paurṇamāsī | etacca pūrvaviddhāyāḥ pratipadaḥ pūjyatvābhidhānaṃ 10 śuklapratipadviṣayam | ata evoktaṃ nigame"yugmāgniyugabhūtānāṃ ṣaṇmunyorvasuraṃdhrayoḥ | rudreṇa dvādaśī yuktā caturdaśyā ca pūrṇimā "pratipadyapyamāvāsyā tithyoryugmaṃ mahāphalam" || iti | yugmaṃ dvitīyā | agnistṛtīyā | yugmaṃ caturthī | bhūtaṃ paṃcamī | ṣaṭ ṣaṣṭhī | muniḥ saptamī | vasuraṣṭamī | raṃdhraṃ navamī | rudra ekādaśī atra yugmāntyādisaptayugmeṣu pūrvā tithiruttaraviddhā grāhyā | uttarā tu pūrvaviddhetyuktaṃ bhavati 15 smṛtyaṃtare'pi"ekādaśī tathā ṣaṣṭhī amāvāsyā caturthikā | upoṣyāḥ parasaṃyuktāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ "|| iti anyatrāpi"ṣaṣṭhyaṣṭamī amāvāsyā kṛṣṇapakṣe trayodaśī | etāḥ parayutāḥ pūjyāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ"|| iti atra 'pratipadyapyamāvāsyā parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutā' iti cāmāvāsyāyutāyāḥ pratipadaḥ upoṣyatvā20 bhidhānāt śuklapratipadviṣayatvaṃ sphuṭamavagamyate | na hyetāni vacanāni kṛṣṇapakṣaviṣayatāyāḥ kathaṃcidapi yojayituṃ śakyante | etadanusāreṇa "pratipatsadvitīyā syāt dvitīyā pratipadyutā" ityāpastambavacanaṃ kṛṣṇapakṣaviṣayatvenaiva saṃkocanīyam | evaṃ ca 'nopoṣyāḥ parasaṃyutā' iti dvitīyāyutopavāsanaṣedhaḥ śuklapakṣaviṣayatayā yojanīyaḥ | yattu gobhilavacanam"kharvā darpā tathā hiṃsrā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | kharvādarpe pare kārye hiṃsrā syātpūrvakālikī"|| iti ### [1.30.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.4) 25 yadapi bodhāyanavacanam"vardhamānasya pakṣasya udayā pūjyate tithiḥ | yadā pakṣaḥ kṣayaṃ yāti tadā syādāparāhikī"|| iti udayā udayaṃgatetyarthaḥ | yadapi smṛtyaṃtaravacanam"sā tithistadahorātraṃ yasyāmabhyudito raviḥ | vardhamānasya pakṣasya nhāse tvastamayā tithiḥ"|| iti vṛddhau tithirudayagatā pūjyā kṣaye tvastagatā pūjyetyarthaḥ | etānyekoddiṣṭāṃdiviṣayāṇi 30 tathāha vyāsaḥ"dvitīyādikayugmānāṃ pūjyatāniyamādiṣu | ekoddiṣṭādivṛddhyādau nhāsavṛddhyādicodanā ||" iti niyamādiṣvityādiśabdena pitṛkarmavyatiriktavratopavāsādisakalakarmaṇāṃ grahaṇam| ekoddiṣṭādītyādiśabdena pārvaṇaśrāddhasya grahaṇam kālādarśe'pi— “pratyābdikādiśrāddhādau vṛddhi-hāsādicodanā | dvitīyādiyugmānāṃ vratādau pūjyatā bhavet ||” iti tadevaṃ vṛddhi-hāsānādareṇa upavāse śuklapratipat pūrvaviddhā grāhyā kṛṣṇapratipaduttaraviddheti sthitam tithīnāṃ vedhaḥ paiṭhīnasinā darśitaḥ— “pakṣadvaye'pi tithayastithiṃ pūrvā tathottarām | tribhirmuhūrtairvidhyaṃti sāmānyo'yaṃ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ” || iti pūrvedyurudayānaṃtaramamāvāsyā trimuhūrttā tato'dhikā vā sā pratipadaṃ vidhyati | paredyurastamayātprāk dvitīyā trimuhūrtā tatodhikā vā sā'pi pūrvā pratipadaṃ vidhyatītyevaṃ sarvatithisādhāraṇo vedho viśeṣavacanābhāvaviṣaye draṣṭavyaḥ | vedhyāpi pratipaddivā trimuhūrtā tatodhikā vā bhavet sā vedhārhā bhavet | na nyūnā | taduktaṃ kālanirṇaye— “śuddhā viddhā tithiḥ śuddhā hīnā tithyāntyayāhani | udaye pūrvayā tithyā vidhyate trimuhūrttakaiḥ ### [1.30.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.5) “sāyaṃ tūttarayā tadvannyūnayā tu na vidhyate | vedhyāpi trimuhūrttaiva na nyūnā vedhamarhati “śuklapakṣe darśaviddhā kṛṣṇe viddhā dvitīyā | upoṣyā pratipacchukle mukhyā syādāparāhikī “tadabhāve tu sāyānhavyāpinī parigṛhyatām | prātaḥ saṃgamamadhyānhāparāhnāḥ sāyamityasau “atrānhaḥ paṃcadhā bhāgo mukhyo dvitryādibhāgataḥ” || iti | pūrvāhno'parāhna iti dvedhā vibhāgaḥ | pūrvāhno madhyānho'parāhna iti tredhā vibhāgaḥ | pūrvāhno madhyānhaḥ aparāhnaḥ sāyānha iti caturdhā vibhāgaḥ | prātaḥ saṃgavo madhyānho'parāhnaḥ sāyānha iti paṃcadhā vibhāgaḥ | dvitryādivibhāgāt paṃcadhāvibhāgasya bahuśrutismṛtisaṃmatatvāt sa eva mukhya ityaṃtimaślokārthaḥ | evaṃ ca satyukteṣu paṃcasvānho bhāgeṣu paṃcamaṃ sāyānhabhāgaṃ vyāpya tataḥ pūrvaṃ caturthamaparāhnabhāgaṃ yā śuklapratipatspṛśati tādṛśī pūrvaviddhopavāse pūjyā | sa copavāsaḥ bhaviṣyottarapurāṇe kārtikamāsāṃtadarśa pā yasabhojanādiniyamaṃ vidhāya pratipadi vihitaḥ— “mārgaśīrṣe tato māsi pratipadyapare'hani | spṛṣṭvā guruṃ copavasenmahādevaṃ smaranmuhuḥ” || iti skaṃdapurāṇe kārtikaśuklapratipadi balyutsavo vihitaḥ | evamanyatrāpi draṣṭavyam | pūrvaviddhāyāṃ śuklapratipadi yo'yamupavāso vihitaḥ tasya prātareva saṃkalpaḥ kāryaḥ | tadānīṃ jyotiḥśāstraprasiddhapratipadabhāve'pi smṛtibhirāpāditāyāḥ pratipadaḥ sattvāt | ata eva devalaḥ— “yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya tvastaṃ yāti divākaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā dānādhyayanakarmasu” || iti ### [1.30.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.6) atra karmasviti bahuvacanādupavāsādinikhiladaivakarmaparigrahaḥ | atrāstamayātpūrvaṃ muhūrtatrayavyāpinīṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpyeti vyākhyeyam | na tu tato'lpavyāptirna vivakṣitā tathā ca vṛddhavasiṣṭhaḥ— “yasyāṃ tithāvastamiyātsūryastu trimuhūrtakaiḥ | yāgadānajapādibhyastāmevopakramettithim” || iti skāṃde'pi— “yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya yātyastaṃ padminīpriyaḥ | sā tithisrtaddine proktā trimuhūrtā yadā bhavet” || iti saure'pi— “yāṃ prāpyāstamupetyarkaḥ syāccetsā trimuhūrtagā | dharmakṛtyeṣu sarveṣu saṃpūrṇāṃ tāṃ vidurbudhāḥ” || iti evaṃ ca sāyaṃtanatrimuhūrtaśuklapratipadupetāyāṃ tithau prātareva saṃkalpya pratipaḍupavāsaḥ kartavya iti niścayaḥ | pūrvaviddhāyāṃ śuklapratipadi upavāsaṃ kṛtvā paredyuḥ tithyante pāraṇaṃ kuryāt | tadāha sumaṃtuḥ“tithinakṣatraniyame tithibhānte ca pāraṇam | ato'nyathā pāraṇe tu vratabhaṃgamavāpnuyāt” || iti nigame-“pūrvaviddhāsu tithiṣu bheṣu ca śravaṇaṃ vinā | upoṣya vidhivatkuryāttattadaṃte tu pāraṇam”|| iti skāṃde'pi“tithīnāmeva sarvāsāmupavāsavratādiṣu | tithyaṃte pāraṇaṃ kuryādvinā śivacaturdaśī ” || iti asya tithibhāṃtapāraṇasyāpavādaḥ kvacit smaryate5 “tithyaṃte caiva bhāṃte ca pāraṇaṃ yatra codyate | yāmatrayordhvavartinyāṃ prātareva hi pāraṇam ” || iti yatta devalavacanam“ upavāseṣu sarveṣu pūrvāhne pāraṇaṃ bhavet | anyathā tatphalasyārdhaṃ dharmamevopasarpati ” || iti | dharmo yamaḥ | tatpūrvaviddhāvyatiriktaparaviddhāśuddhatithyupavāsaviṣayam | pūrvaviddhāyāṃ vihitasyopavāsasya ### [1.30.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.7) kenāpi nimittena tatrānuṣṭhānāsambhave satyuttaraviddhā gauṇakālatvena grāhyā | “paurvāhnikāstu tithayo 10 daivakārye phalapradā” iti sāmānyena smaraṇāt | uktaṃ ca kālanirṇayasaṃgrahe“abhāve'pi pratipadaḥ saṃkalpaḥ prātariṣyate | tithikṣiyāmato'rvāk cet tithyaṃte pāraṇaṃ bhavet “mukhyatithyaṃtaratve tu tithiśeṣo'pi gṛhyatām ” || iti ekabhaktavratanirṇayaḥ | athaikabhaktaṃ nirṇīyate | tacca trividham | svataṃtramanyāṃgaṃ upavāsapratinidhirūpaṃ ceti | teṣu svataṃtraṃ brahmapurāṇe paṭhyate-“pratipadyekabhaktāśī samāpte kapilāpradaḥ”|| iti 15 tatra karmakālavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā “yo yasya vihitaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ” iti smṛteḥ | karmakālastatkarmasvarūpaṃ cetyubhayaṃ skaṃdapurāṇe darśitam“dinārdhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktamatastatsyāddivāaiva hi ” || iti devalo'pi“dinārdhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktaṃ nyūnaṃ grāsatrayeṇa tu ” || iti 20 atra dinārdhasyopari sārdhamuhūrtaparimitaḥ kāla ekabhaktasya mukhyaḥ | dinārdhe'tīte sati samanantarabhāvitvādastamayāt prācīno gauṇaḥ kālaḥ | divetyabhyanujñānāt | atra mukhyakālavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā ata eva pādme-“madhyānhavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhakte sadā tithiḥ ”|| iti | bodhāyano'pi“madhyānhavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhaktavrate tithiḥ ” || iti | atra nirṇatavyo viṣayaḥ ṣoḍhā bhidyate pūrvedyureva madhyānhavyāpitvaṃ paredyureva tadvyāpitvam ubhayatra sāmyena tadekadeśavyāpitvaṃ vaiṣamyeṇa ### [1.30.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.8) 25 tadekadeśavyāpitvaṃ ceti | tatra prathamadvitīyayormadhyānhavyāpitvasyaiva nirṇāyakatvam | tṛtīye pūrvaviddhā grāhyā | mukhyakālavyāpteḥ samatve'pi gauṇakālavyāpteḥ adhikatvāt | caturthe'pi pūrvaviddhaiva ubhayatra mukhyakālavyāptyabhāve'pi gauṇakālavyāptilābhāt | paṃcame'pyayameva nyāyo yojyaḥ | ṣaṣṭhe tu yasmin dine adhikavyāptiḥ saiva grāhyā | evaṃ svataṃtraikabhaktaṃ nirṇītam | anyāṃgaṃ tvaparāhūṇādau kāryam | “pūjāvrateṣu sarvatra madhyānhavyāpinī tithiḥ ” iti ‘madhyānhe pūjayennṛpa ’ ityādi 30 śāstrairaṃginaḥ pūjādermadhyānhe vihitatvena ekabhaktasya mukhyakālāsaṃbhavāt upavāsapratinidhirūpamekabhaktamupavāsatithau kāryam | tasya gauṇopavāsatvāt ata eva sumaṃtuḥ-“tithau yatropavāsaḥ syādekabhakte'pi sā tithiḥ ” naktavratam | atha naktaṃ nirūpyate | tacca varāhapurāṇe paṭhyate“mārgaśīrṣe site pakṣe pratipadyā tithirbhavet | tasyāṃ naktaṃ prakurvīta rātrau viṣṇuṃ ca pūjayet”|| iti naktaṃ kurvīta divā abhuṃjāno rātribhojanaṃ kurvītityarthaḥ | tasya kāla uktaḥ kālādarśe“ trimuhūrtāstamānātprāk parataśca tathāvidhā | tasyā naktavrataṃ kuryāddharinaktavratādṛte ” || iti kaurme'pi“ pradoṣavyāpinī yatra trimuhūrtā yadā divā | tadā naktavrataṃ kuryātsvādhyāyasya niṣedhavat ” || iti etatpradoṣavyāptirmukhyaḥ kalpaḥ sāyaṃkālavyāptiranukalpa ityevaṃparam | tathā ca kāladvayaṃ bhaviṣyatpurāṇe darśitam - “muhūrtornadinaṃ naktaṃ pravadaṃti manīṣiṇaḥ | nakṣatradarśanānnaktamahaṃ manye gaṇādhipa” || iti ### [1.30.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.9) asya ca kāladvayasyādhikāribhedena vyavasthāmaha devalaḥ“ nakṣatradarśanānnaktaṃ gṛhasthasya budhaiḥ smṛtam | yaterdināṣṭame bhāge tasya rātrau niṣidhyate ” || iti smṛtyaṃtare'pi“ naktaṃ niśāyāṃ kurvīta gṛhastho vidhisaṃyutaḥ | yatiśca vidhavā caiva kuryāttatsadivākaram “divā naktaṃ tu tatproktamaṃtime ghaṭikādvayam | niśām̐ naktaṃ tu vijñeyaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ “nakṣatradarśanānnaktaṃ yāmārdhe prathame sadā ” || iti | rātrinaktabhojane kālamāha vyāsaḥ“ trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ syādbhānāvastaṃgate sati | naktaṃ tatra tu kartavyamiti śāstraviniścayaḥ ” || iti naktaṃ trimuhūrtātmakapradoṣavyāpinyāṃ tithau kāryam | yadāha vatsaḥ“ pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā sadā naktavrate tithiḥ | ekādaśīṃ vinā sarvā śuklakṛṣṇe tathā smṛtā ” || iti ayarmāpa viṣayaḥ ṣoḍhā bhidyate | pūrvedyureva pradoṣavyāptiḥ paredyureva tadvyāptiḥ ubhayatrāpi tadvyāptiḥ ubhayatra taddbhāvaḥ | ubhayatra sāmyena tadekadeśavyāptiḥ | ubhayatra vaiṣamyeṇa tadekadeśavyāptiriti tatra prathamadvitīyayoḥ pradoṣavyāptirniryāmikā | ubhayatra tadvyāptau paratiyireva | tadāha jābāliḥ“ sadaiva tithyorubhayoḥ pradoṣavyāpinī tithiḥ | tatrottaratra naktaṃ syādubhayatrāpi sā tithiḥ ”|| iti ubhayatrāpi divārātrāvapi sā tithiviṃdhate ityarthaḥ | ubhayatra pradoṣavyāptyabhāve'pi paraiva tadāha jābāliḥ-“ atathātve paratra syādarvāgastaṃgate hi sā ” iti | pradoṣe tadbhāvepi astamayādarvāgyataḥ sā vidyate sā grāhyetyarthaḥ | īdṛśe viṣaye gṛhastho'pi yativat divā naktamācaret taduktaṃ skāṃde-“ pradoṣavyāpinī na syāddivā naktaṃ vidhīyate ### [1.30.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.10) “ ātmano dviguṇacchāyāmatikrāmati bhāskare | tannaktaṃ naktamityāhurna naktaṃ niśibhojanam “evaṃ jñātvā tato vidvānsāyyānhe tu bhujikriyām | kuryānnaktavratī naktaphalaṃ bhavati niścitam”|| iti pradoṣavyāpinyāṃ tithau bhānuvārasaṃkrāṃtyādinā gṛhasthasyāpi yadā rātribhojananiṣedhaḥ tadā divaiva naktaṃ kuryāt | tathā ca bhaviṣyatpurāṇe“ ye tvādityadine brahmannaktaṃ kurvati mānavāḥ | dināṃte te'pi kurvīranniṣedhādrātribhojane ” || iti asmiṃśca divābhojane uttamo'ṃtimamuhūrtaḥ | madhyama upāntyaḥ | tataḥ prācīno jaghanyaḥ | evaṃ ca sati antimāṣṭamabhāgatrimuhūrtavacanānyupapadyante | rātribhojane'pi ghaṭikātrayamuttamaḥ kālaḥ ghaṭikāṣaṭkaṃ madhyamaḥ kālaḥ “pradoṣo'stamayādūrdhvaṃ ghaṭikātrayamiṣyate | trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ syādravāvastaṃgate sati”|| iti ca smṛteḥ niśīthaparyaṃto jaghanyaḥ kālaḥ | naktaṃ prakurvīta rātrau kurvīteti sāmānyenābhidhānāt | asauranakteṣu sāmyena vaiṣamyeṇa vā dinadvaye pradoṣaikadeśavyāptau paredyureva naktaṃ kārya sāyaṃ kālasya gauṇasya tithivyāptatvātsauranakteṣu sāyaṃkālaikadeśavyāptau pūrvapūrvatiyāhyā pradoṣakālasya tattithivyāptatvāt | “arkadviparbarātrau ca caturdaśyaṣṭamī divā” ityanena divācaturdaśyaṣṭamīyoge sati 5 bhojane prāyaścittavidhānāt divā tatsaṃbaṃdhasamaye bhojananiṣedho gamyate “niṣedhastu nivṛttyātmā kāladharmamapekṣate” iti smṛteḥ | tatsaṃbaṃdhābhāvasamaye tu bhojanaṃ na niṣidhyate | ata eva rātrau parvayoge bhojane niṣiddhe tadvigame sati kacidbhojanamabhyanujñāyate manunā-“caṃdrasūryagrahe nādyādyāt snātvā vimuktayoḥ ” iti ### [1.30.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.11) vyāso'pi-“ nādyātsūryagrahātpūrvamanhi sāyaṃ śaśigrahāt 10 “grahakāle ca nāśnīyātsnātvā'śrīyācca muktayoḥ| mukte śaśini bhuṃjīta yadi na syānmahāniśā”|| iti vṛddhagautamo'pi“ caṃdrasūryagrahe nādyāttasminnahani pūrvataḥ | rāhorrvimuktiṃ vijñāya snātvā kurvīta bhojanam”|| iti caturdaśyaṣṭamī dvivetyasya naktavratatvābhāvānnaktanyāyo'pyatra nāvatarati | tadevaṃ pratipadyupavāsa ekabhaktanaktāni nirṇītāni | tatra śuklapratipatpūrvaviddhaiveopoṣyā kṛṣṇapratipaduttarāviddhā | ekabhakta15 naktayostu sarvāsu tithiṣu madhyānhapradoṣavyāptyā nirṇayaḥ dānavratādīnāṃ kālaḥ | dānavratādīni uttaraviddhāyāṃ pratipadi kartavyāni | teṣāṃ daivatvāt tadāha vṛddhayājñavalkyaḥ-“paurvāhnikāstu tithayo daivakārye phalapradāḥ” iti | anhaḥ pūrvo bhāgaḥ pūrvāhnaḥ | sa ca muhūrtatrayātmakaḥ prātaḥkālaḥ | karmakālavyāptiṃ ca vṛddhayājñavalkya āha— “karmaṇe yasya yaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | tathā karmāṇi kurvīta hāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam”|| iti 20 gārgyaśca“ yo yasya vihitaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | tathā karmāṇi kurvīta hāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam” evaṃ ca udayānaṃtaraṃ muhūrtatrayavyāpinī dānādau tithirgrāhyā “ yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya udayaṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānajapādiṣu “ vratopavāsasnānādau ghaṭikaikā yadā bhavet | udaye sā tithirgrāhyā śrāddhādāvastagāminī ” 25 iti devalādivacanaṃ vaiśvānarādhikaraṇanyāyena trimuhūrtavyāptipraśaṃsāparam | atrāpi ṣoḍhā ### [1.30.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.12) bhidyate ! udayakāle pūrvedyureva trimuhūrtavyāpinī paredyureva tadvyāpinī ubhayatrāpi trimuhūrtavyāpinī nobhayatra trimuhūrtavyāpinī sāmyena vaiṣamyeṇa vā trimuhūrtaikadeśavyāpinīti | tatra prathamadvitīyornāsti saṃdehaḥ | tṛtīyādiṣu caturṣu pakṣeṣvastamayavyāpteḥ karmakālabāhulyasya ca lābhāt pūrvedyurevānuṣṭhānamiti nirṇayaḥ | pitryakālastu śrāddhakāṃḍe nirūpitaḥ| iti pratipannirṇayaḥ 30 ayameva nirṇaya uttarāsu sarvāsu tithiṣu sāmānyena saṃcārayitavyaḥ | viśeṣastu tatra tatrābhidhāsyate dvitīyānirṇayaḥ | tatra dvitīyāyāḥ paraviddhāyāḥ upoṣyatvaṃ bhṛgurāha“ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī dvitīyā ca caturdaśī | trayodaśī tvamāvāsyā upoṣyāḥ syuḥ parānvitāḥ”|| iti vyāsaḥ-“ tṛtīyā yutā kāryā dvitīyā na tu pūrvayā ” iti | yadā tu pūrvedyurudayamārabhya paredyurudayasyopari trimuhūrtaṃ vartate tadā pūrvedyureva saṃpūrṇatithiritvāḍupavāsaḥ | taduktaṃ kālanirṇaye35 “ pūrvedyurasatī prātaḥ paredyustrimuhūrtagā| sā dvitīyā paropoṣyā pūrvaviddhā tato'parā ” || iti tṛtīyānirṇayaḥ | tṛtīyā paraviddhaiva grāhyā | raṃbhākhyavrate tu pūrvaviddhā grāhyā taduktaṃ brahmakaivarte"raṃbhākhyāṃ varjayitvā tu tṛtīyāṃ dvijasattama | anyeṣu sarvakāryeṣu gaṇayuktā praśasyate" || iti gaṇaścaturthī | smṛtyaṃtare'pi"dvitīyā tu viddhā cettṛtīyā na kadācana | kartavyā vratibhistāta dharmakāmārthatatparaiḥ "vihāyaikāṃ ca raṃbhākhyāṃ tṛtīyāṃ puṇyavardhinīm" || iti ### [1.30.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.13) caturthīnirṇayaḥ | caturthīpi paraviddhaiva grāhyā | yadāha bṛhadvasiṣṭhaḥ"ekādaśī tathā ṣaṣṭhī amāvāsyā caturthikā | upoṣyāḥ parasaṃyuktāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ" || iti vināyakavratānuṣṭhāne tu madhyānhavyāpinī caturthī grāhyā | tadāha bṛhaspatiḥ"caturthīgaṇanāthasya mātṛviddhā praśasyate | madhyānhavyāpinī cetsyātparataścetpare'hani" mātṛviddhā tṛtīyāviddhā | smṛtyaṃtare'pi"mātṛviddhā praśastā syāccaturthīgaṇanāyake | madhyānhe parataścetsyānnāgaviddhā praśasyate" || iti nāgaḥ paṃcamī | ekabhaktanyāyena madhyānhavyāpteḥ ṣoḍhā bhede sati yadā paredyureva madhyānhavyāptiḥ tadā parā | itareṣu paṃcasu bhedeṣu jayāyogasya praśastatvātpūrvedyureva sā bhavati paṃcamīnirṇayaḥ | paṃcamī pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā | tadāha hārītaḥ"caturthīsaṃyutā kāryā paṃcamī parayā na tu | daive karmaṇi pitrye ca śuklapakṣe tathā'site" || iti ṣaṣṭhīnirṇayaḥ | ṣaṣṭhī paraviddhā grāhyā | taduktaṃ viṣṇudharmottare"ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī śivarātriścaturdaśī | amāvāsyā tṛtīyā ca tā upoṣyāḥ parānvitāḥ" || iti skaṃdavrate tu ṣaṣṭhyāḥ pūrvaviddhāyā grāhyatvamāha vasiṣṭhaḥ"kṛṣṇāṣṭamī skaṃdaṣaṣṭhī śivarātriścaturdaśī | etāḥ pūrvayutāḥ kāryāstithyaṃte pāraṇaṃ bhavet" || iti yadi kadācittithikṣayavaśāduttaraviddhā na labhyate tadā skāṃdavratavadanyānyapi vratāni paṃcamīviddhāyāṃ kartavyāni | tadāha vasiṣṭhaḥ"ekādaśī tṛtīyā ca ṣaṣṭhī caiva trayodaśī | pūrvaviddhā tu kartavyā yadi na syātpare'hani"|| iti saptamīnirṇayaḥ | saptamī pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā | "ṣaṣṭhyā yutā saptamī ca kartavyā tatra sarvadā" ### [1.30.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.14) iti smṛteḥ | uttaraviddhāpratiṣedhaḥ skaṃdapurāṇe darśitaḥ"ṣaṣṭyekādaśyamāvāsyā pūrvaviddhā tathā'ṣṭamī | saptamī paraviddhā ca nopoṣyaṃ tithipaṃcakam" || iti pūrvaviddhāyāḥ saptamyā alābhe tūttaraviddhā grāhyā | taduktaṃ kālanirṇaye"saptamī pūrvaviddhaiva vrateṣu nikhileṣvapi | alābhe pūrvaviddhāyāḥ paraviddhāpi gṛhyatām" || iti aṣṭamīnirṇayaḥ | athāṣṭamī nirṇīyate | tatra śuklāṣṭamī paraviddhā grāhyā | tathā ca nigame"śuklapakṣe'ṣṭamī caiva śuklapakṣe caturdaśī | pūrvaviddhā na kartavyā kartavyā parasaṃyutā "upavāsādikāryeṣu hyeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ" || iti | skāṃve'pi"aṣṭamī navamī miśrā kartavyā bhūtimicchatā | saptamyā cāṣṭamī caiva na kartavyā śikhidhvaja"|| iti kṛṣṇapakṣe pūrvaviddhāyāḥ parigrahaḥ paraviddhāyāḥ pratiṣedhaśca nigame paṭhyate"kṛṣṇapakṣe'ṣṭamī yatra kṛṣṇapakṣe caturdaśī | pūrvaviddhā tu kartavyā paraviddhā na kasyacit "upavāsādikāryeṣu hyeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ" || iti | vrataviśeṣe tu tatra tatroktaṃ draṣṭavyam tathā dūrvāṣṭamīsaṃjñakavrataviśeṣaviṣaye bhaviṣyatpurāṇam"śrāvaṇī durganavamī tathā dūrvāṣṭamī ca yā| pūrvaviddhaiva kartavyā śivarātrairbalerdinam"|| iti kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamī| kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratāt jayantīvrataṃ bhinnam| janmāṣṭamīvrate tithirave nimittam| jayantīvrate tu rohiṇīyogaḥ| tathā ca smaryate"śrāvaṇe bahule pakṣe kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratam| na karoti naro yastu bhavati krūrarākṣasaḥ "śrāvaṇasya ca māsasya kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ narādhipa| rohiṇī yadi labhyeta jayaṃtī nāma sā tithiḥ"|| iti ### [1.30.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.15) vasiṣṭhasaṃhitāyām"śrāvaṇe vā nabhasye vā rohiṇī sahitā'ṣṭamī| yadā kṛṣṇā narairlabdhā sā jayaṃtīti kīrtitā "śrāvaṇena bhavedyogo nabhasye tu bhaveddhruvam | tayorabhāve yogasya tasmin varṣe na saṃbhavaḥ” || iti 10 atra śrāvaṇa iti mukhyakalpaḥ | nabhasya ityanukalpaḥ | etadevābhipretya viṣṇurahasye'pi“aṣṭamī kṛṣṇapakṣasya rohiṇī ṛkṣasaṃyutā | bhavetprauṣṭhapade māsi jayaṃtī nāma sā smṛtā" || iti harivaṃśe"abhijannāma nakṣatraṃ jayantī nāma śarvarī | muhūrto vijayo nāma yatra jāto janārdanaḥ" || iti atra śrāvaṇanabhasyaprauṣṭhapadaśabdāḥ siṃhaśrāvaṇādiparāḥ | tathā ca jyotiṣārṇave15 "śrāvaṇyāṃ prauṣṭhapadyāṃ vā yadā siṃhagato raviḥ| jayaṃtyārādhanaṃ kuryānna tu karkaṭakanyayoḥ” || iti vārāhe'pi - " siṃharāśigate sūrye gagane jaladākule | māsi prauṣṭhapade'ṣṭamyāmardharātre vidhūdaye " budhavāre vṛṣe lagne rohiṇyāścaramāṃśake | śubhe harṣaṇayoge ca kaulavena yute tathā " vasudevena devakyāmahaṃ jāto'smi pannage” || iti | yasminvarṣe śrāvaṇe vā nabhasye vā jayaṃtī na saṃbhavati tasminvarṣe śrāvaṇamāsa eva kṛṣṇāṣṭamīvratamanuṣṭheyam ! tasya svarūpamupavāsamātram20 “kevalenopavāsena tasminjanmadine mama| saptajanmakṛtātpāpānmucyate nātra saṃśayaḥ” || iti smṛteḥ yadi śiṣṭāstatrāpi jāgaraṇadānādikamanutiṣṭhanti anutiṣṭhantu nāma| aviruddhaiḥ puṇyaviśeṣaiḥ vratasyopohalanasaṃbhavācchāstreṇa tu prāpitamupavāsamātram | jayaṃtīvratasya tu dānādisahita upavāsaḥ svarūpam| tathā ca bhaviṣyottare--" māsi bhādrapade'ṣṭamyāṃ niśīthe kṛṣṇapakṣake ### [1.30.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.16) " śaśāṃke vṛṣarāśisthe ṛkṣe rohiṇisaṃjñake | yoge'sminvasudevāddhi devakī māmajījanat 25 "tasmānmāṃ pūjayettatra śuciḥ samyagupoṣitaḥ| brāhmaṇānmojayedbhaktyā tato dadyācca dakṣiṇām "hiraṇyaṃ medinīṃ gāvo vāsāṃsi kusumāni ca | yadyadiṣṭatamaṃ tattatkṛṣṇo me prīyatāmiti ” ! jayaṃtīṃ prakṛtya nāradīyasaṃhitāyāṃ smaryate“ upoṣaṇaṃ janmadine kuryājjāgaraṇaṃ ca yaḥ | ardharātrayutāṣṭamyāṃ so'śvamedhaphalaṃ labhet” śuddhaṃ nityaṃ janmāṣṭamīvrataṃ karaṇe phalaviśeṣasmaraṇāt akaraṇe pratyavāyasmaraṇācca| nityaṃ kāmyaṃ 30 ca jayaṃtīvrataṃ akaraṇe pratyavāyasmaraṇātphalaviśeṣasmaraṇācca tathā hi janmāṣṭamyā akaraṇe pratyavāyaḥ smaryate - " kṛṣṇajanmadine prāpte yo bhuṃkte tu dvijottamaḥ | trailokyasaṃbhavaṃ pāṣaṃ tena bhuktaṃ dvijottama" || iti skaṃdapurāṇe'pi“ye na kurvaṃti jānaṃtaḥ kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratam | te bhavanti narāḥ pāpā vyālā vyāghrāśca kānane” || iti tathā jayaṃtīvratasyākaraṇe skānde pratyavāyaḥ smaryate— “śūdrānnena tu yatpāpaṃ śavahastasthabhojane | tatpāpaṃ labhate kunti jayantyāṃ bhojane kṛte “brahmaghnasya surāpasya strīvadhe govadhe'pi vā | na loko yaduśārdūla jayaṃtīvimukhasya ca “na karoti yadā viṣṇorjayaṃtīsaṃbhavaṃ vratam | yamasya vaśamāpannaḥ sahate nārakīṃ vyathām “jayaṃtīvāsare prāpte karotyudarapūraṇam | saṃpīḍyate'timātraṃ tu yamadūtaiḥ kalevaram” || iti jayaṃtīvrate phalaviśeṣo'bhihito bhaviṣyottare“prativarṣaṃ vidhānena madbhakto dharmanaṃdana | naro vā yadi vā nārī yathoktaṃ phalamāpnuyāt ### [1.30.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.17) “putrasaṃtānamārogyaṃ saubhāgyamatulaṃ bhavet | sadā dharmaratirbhūtvā mṛto vaikuṃṭhamāpnuyāt “tatra divyena mānena varṣalakṣaṃ yudhiṣṭhira | bhogān nānāvidhānbhuktvā puṇyaśeṣādihāgataḥ “sarvakāmasamṛddhe tu kule mahati jāyate” || iti | pādme'pi“pretayonigatānāṃ tu pretatvaṃ nāśitaṃ naraiḥ | yaiḥ kṛtā śrāvaṇe māsi aṣṭame rohiṇī yutā” || iti “kiṃ punarbudhavāreṇa somenāpi viśeṣataḥ” || iti grāhyā tithinirūpyate | janmāṣṭamī jayaṃtyāścārdharātrapradhānatvāt tadyogo'tipraśastaḥ taduktaṃ vasiṣṭhasaṃhitāyām“aṣṭamī rohiṇīyuktā niśyardhe yadi dṛśyate | mukhyakāla iti khyātastatra jāto hariḥ svayam” viṣṇurahasye'pi“rohiṇyāmardharātre tu yadā kṛṣṇāṣṭamī bhavet | tasyāmabhyarcanaṃ śaurerhaṃti pāpaṃ trijanmajam” || iti ## Linked texts (12) - [Devalasmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.1) — Sanskrit - [Paiṭhīnasidharmasūtra (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.paithinasi*fragments.5.2) — Sanskrit - [Kālanirṇaya (Kālamādhavīya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.kalamadhaviya.4.p37) — Mādhava, Sanskrit - [Kālamādhavakārikāḥ](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.samksepa.kalamadhavakarikah.29) — Mādhava Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Kāladīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.utkala.kaladipa.p13) — Divyasiṃha Mahāpātra 1640, Sanskrit - [Jyotirnibandha (ed. Raṅganātha Śāstrī Vaidya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.jyotisa.jyotirnibandha*vaidya1919.388.7) — Sanskrit - [Smṛtiprakāśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.kalajyotisa.smrtiprakasa.3.p7) — Vāsudeva Ratha, Sanskrit - [Hiraṇyakeśiśrautasūtra (ed. Kāśīnāthaśāstrī Āgāśe, Ānandāśrama 1907, with Mahādeva's Vaijayantī)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.srauta.hiranyakesi*agase.22.28.21-2) — Sanskrit - [Smṛticandrikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrticandrika.5.p46) — Devaṇṇabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Pratāpārka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.prataparka.8.p38) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa 1766, Sanskrit - [Gadādharapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.gadadharapaddhati.4.p55) — Gadādhara Rājaguru 1725, Sanskrit - [Kālatattvavivecana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalatattvavivecana.1.p103) — Raghunātha Vājapeyin 1595, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30) · Pramāṇa