[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Legal Digests](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha) › [Decisions and rulings](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya) › [Nirnayasindhu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu) › 2.p3 # Nirnayasindhu 2.p3 Nirṇayasindhu 2.p3 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [2.p3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.1) atha malamāsaḥ | tatraikamātrasaṃkrāntirahitaḥ sitādiścāndro māso malamāsaḥ || ekamātrasaṃkrāntirāhityamasaṃkrāṃtatvena saṃkrāṃtidvayavattvena ca bhavatīti | malamāso dvedhā-adhimāsaḥ kṣayamāsaśceti || taduktaṃ kāṭhakagṛhye-'yasminmāse na saṃkrāntiḥ saṃkrāntidvayameva vā | malamāsaḥ sa vijñeyo māsaḥ syāttu trayodaśaḥ ||' iti || satyavratopi-"rāśidvayaṃ yatra māse saṃkrameta divākaraḥ | nādhimāso bhavedeṣa malamāsastu kevalam ||"iti || adhikamāsasya kālaniyamamāha vasiṣṭhaḥ-'dvātriṃśadbhirmitairmāsairdinaiḥ ṣoḍaśabhistathā | ghaṭikānāṃ catuṣkeṇa patatyadhikamāsakaḥ ||' iti || etacca sāvanādimānena sambhavārthaṃ, na tu niyamārtham || anyathā ṣoḍaśadinādhikadvātriṃśanmāsānantaraṃ kṛṣṇapakṣaniyamena śuklrānitvabhaṃgāpatteḥ | tena nyūnādhikakāle malamāsapātepi na doṣaḥ || ata evoktaṃ mādhavīye-'māse triṃśattame bhavet' iti kṣayasyāpi jyotiḥśāstre-'asaṃkrāntamāso'dhimāsaḥ sphuṭaṃ syāddvisaṃkrāntimāsaḥ kṣayākhyaḥ kadācit | kṣayaḥ kārtikāditraye nānyataḥ syāttadā varṣamadhyedhimāsadvayaṃ ca ||' ekaḥ kṣayātpūrvaḥ, parataścaika ityadhimāsadvayaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ | atra viśeṣamāha jābāliḥ-'māsadvaye'bdamadhye tu saṃkrāntirna yadā bhavet | prākṛtastatra pūrvaḥ syādadhimāsastathottaraḥ' || iti || uttara eva kālādhikyaṃ, na pūrvasminnityarthaḥ || yattu brahmasiddhānte-'caitrādarvāṅ nādhimāsaḥ paratastvadhiko ### [2.p3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.2) bhavet' iti || tatra caitrātpūrvamasaṃkrāntidvaye pūrvā nādhikaḥ, kiṃ tu para ityarthaḥ || yacca jyotiḥsiddhānte-'ghaṭakanyāgate sūrye vṛścike vātha dhanvani | makare vātha kumbha vā nādhimāso vidhīyate ||' iti || tat vṛścikādicatuṣṭaye malamāse sati pūrvam, tulākanyāgate sūrye kṣayāt pūrvaṃ kālādhikyaniṣedhārthaṃ, na tvadhikamātrasya | 'daśānāṃ phālgunādīnāṃ prāyo māghasya ca kvacit napuṃsakatvaṃ bhavatītyeṣa śāstraviniścayaḥ ||' iti hemādrau viṣṇudharmavirodhāt malamāseṣṭakādiniṣedhānupapatteśca || ' makare vātha kumbhe vā ' iti dṛṣṭāntārthaprāptyabhāvācca || kṣayasyāgamanakālaṃ uktaḥ siddhāntaśiromaṇau-' gatobdhyadrinaṃdairgate śākakāle tithiśairbhaviṣyatyathāṅgākṣasūryaiḥ gajāyyagnibhūbhistathā prāyaśo'yaṃ kuvedenduvarṣaiḥ kvacidgokubhiśca || " iti || abdhayaścatvāraḥ, adrayaḥ sapta, nandāḥ nava, eṣāṃ prātilomyena pāte 974 tairmite varṣe kaścit kṣayamāsaḥ pūrvaṃ jāta ityarthaḥ | tithayaḥ pañcadaśa īśā ekādaśa evaṃ 1115 mite yāte kaścidbhaviṣyatītyarthaḥ | aṅga 6 akṣa 5 sūryāḥ 12 ekatra 1256, gajāḥ 8 adrayaḥ 7 agnayaḥ 3 bhūḥ 1 ekatra 1378, kuḥ 1 vedāḥ 4 iṃduḥ 1 ekatra 141, gāvaḥ 9 kuḥ 1 ekatra 19 etairmite varṣe yāte kaścidbhaviṣyatītyarthaḥ malamāse kāryākāryanirṇayaḥ ### [2.p3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.3) atha malamāse kāryākāryaṃ nirūpyate || tatra jābāliḥ-“nityanaimittike kuryācchrāddhaṃ kuryānmalimluce | tithinakṣatravāroktaṃ kāmyaṃ naiva kadācana ||” ayaṃ ca kāmyaniṣedho ārambhasamāptiviṣayaḥ | “asūryā nāma ye māsā na teṣu mama saṃmataḥ | vratānāṃ caiva yajñānāmārambhaśca samāpanam ||” iti tenaivoktatvāt || asūryā adhikamāsā ityarthaḥ | atra 'maṇḍalaṃ tapate raviḥ' iti vacanāt || kārīryādeḥ kāmyasya tvārambhasamāptī bhavata evetyādiranyatra vistaraḥ || kāṭhakagṛhyepi-‘male'nanyagatiṃ kuryānnityāṃ naimittikīṃ kriyām' iti || tāni naimittikāni dīpikāyāmuktāni-‘yannaimittikamagniṣṭayudgatāgnyādhānamarcāsu vā saṃskārādivilopane sati punaḥ proktaṃ pratiṣṭhādikam' iti || gatyantarayutaṃ tu somādi heyameva | tatra karttavyānyuktāni kālādarśe–“dvādaśāhaṃ sapiṇḍāntaṃ karma grahaṇajanmanoḥ | sīmante puṃsave śrāddhaṃ dvāvetau jātakarma ca || roge śāntiralabhye ca yoge śrāddhavratāni ca | prāyaścittanimittasya vaśātpūrvaṃ paratra ca || abdodakumbhamanvādimahā Palayayugādiṣu | śrāddhaṃ darśepyaharahaḥ śrāddhamūnādimāsikam || malimlucānyamāseṣu mṛtānāṃ śrāddhamābdikam | śrāddhaṃ tu pūrvadṛṣṭeṣu tīrtheṣveva yugādiṣu || manvādiṣu ca yaddānaṃ dānaṃ dainaṃ dinaṃ ca yat | tilagobhūhiraṇyānāṃ ### [2.p3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.4) saṃdhyopāsanayoḥ kriyā || parvahomaścāgrayaṇaṃ sāgneriṣṭiśca parvaṇi | nityāgnihotrahomaśca devatātithipūjanam || snānaṃ ca snānavidhināpyabhakṣyāpeyavarjanam | tarpaṇaṃ vā nimittasya nityatvādubhayatra ca ||” iti || etau puṃsavanasīmantau || etacca garbhādhānādyannaprāśanāntasaṃskāropalakṣaṇam || taduktaṃ dīpikāyām-“garbhādhānamukhaṃ ca caulavidhitaḥ prāgjātayāgaṃ vinā kṛcchreṣvāgrayaṇaṃ gajendrapurataśchāyā maghānaṅkayoḥ | tīrthendukṣayayośca pitryamadhike māsyevamādyācaret ||” iti || alabhyayoge'rdhodayapadmakādau kāmyānyapi vratādīni kāryāṇītyarthaḥ || pūrvaṃ paratra male śuddhe cetyarthaḥ || mahālayaśabdena maghātrayodaśyucyata iti mādhavaḥ || darśaśrāddhaṃ malepi kāryam || yattu ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ-“saṃvatsarātirekeṇa māso yaḥ syānmalimlucaḥ | tasmistrayodaśe śrāddhaṃ na kuryādindusaṃkṣaye ||” iti || tat kāmyadarśaśrāddhaviṣayam 'kāmyaṃ naiva kadācana' iti vacanāt || darśa ca kāmyaṃ śrāddhaṃ “kanyāṃ kanyāvedinaśca” ityādinā yājñavalkyenoktam | nityaṃ tu malepi bhavatyeva “darśeṣvaharahaḥ śrāddhaṃ dānaṃ ca prativāsaram | gobhūtilahiraṇyānāṃ māsepi syānmalimluce ||” iti mātsyokteriti hemādryādayaḥ || divodāsīyepi-“anindurindupūrṇā ca harivāro budhāṣṭamī | nādhimāse parityājyāḥ sīmantānnāśane śiśoḥ ||” iti || anindudarśaḥ || ‘dvividhamapyamāśrāddhaṃ na kāryam' ityaparārkaḥ 'atra yadvihitaṃ karma uttare māsi kārayet' ityukteḥ || ‘ṣaṣṭyā tu divasairmāsaḥ' iti śuddhamāsakaraṇe'pi śāstrārthopapatterdarśaśrāddhaṃ male na kāryamiti prācīnagauḍāḥ | śūlapāṇiśca ### [2.p3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.5) saṃvatsarapradīpepi-“ekarāśisthite sūrye yadā darśadvayaṃ bhavet | darśaśrāddhaṃ tadādau syānna paratra malimluce ||” atrāpi nityakāmyabhedena prāgvyavasthā "pravṛttaṃ malamāsātprākkākyaṃ karma samāpitam | āgate malamāse'pi tatsamāptirna saṃśayaḥ vṛddhiśrāddhaṃ tathā somamagnyādheyaṃ mahālayam | rājābhiṣekaṃ kāmyaṃ ca na kuryāddbhānuvaṃghite" tatra ābdikaśrāddhanirṇayaḥ yadyapi kālādarśe-'sarvaṃ vārṣikaṃ māsadvaye kāryam' ityuktam | tathāpi hemādrimādhavāparārkādimatāt prathamābdikaṃ trayodaśe malamāse, dvitīyādyābdikaṃ tu śuddhamāsaṃ eva kāryam | "asaṃkrāntepi kartavyamābdikaṃ prathamaṃ dvijaiḥ | tathaiva māsikaṃ śrāddhaṃ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ tathā ||" iti hārītokteḥ || "ābdikaṃ prathamaṃ yatsyāttatkurvīta malimluce | caturdaśe tu saṃprāpte kurvīta punarābdikam ||" iti smṛtyantarokteśca || punarābdikaṃ dvitīyādivāṣikaṃ trayodaśe māsa'tīte caturdaśādyadine kuryādityarthaḥ || yattu satyavrataḥ-“varṣevarṣe tu yacchrāddhaṃ mātāpitrormṛtehani malamāse na tatkāryaṃ vyāghrasya vacanaṃ yathā ||” iti || tadvitīyādivāṣikaviṣayam | 'ābdikaṃ prathamaṃ yatsyāttatkurvīta malimluce' iti pūrvoktavacanāt || yatra dvādaśaṃ māsikaṃ śuddhaṃ māse bhavati tatra trayodaśe'dhika evādyābdikaṃ kāryam | yatra tvadhikamadhye dvādaśaṃ māsikaṃ tatra tasya dvirāvṛttiṃ kṛtvā caturdaśe śuddha eva prathamābdikaṃ iti niṣkarṣaḥ | tena dvitīyādiśuddhamāsa ### [2.p3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.6) eva pṛthvīcandrodaye divodāsīye madanapārijāte caivam || malamāsamṛtānāṃ tu yadā sa evādhikaḥ syāttadā tatraiva kāryam | yathā paiṭhīnasiḥ-“ malamāsamṛtānāṃ tu śrāddhaṃ yatprativatsaram | malamāsepi karttavyaṃ nānyeṣāṃ tu kathaṃcana || ” iti || hemādrau vyāsopi-“malabhāsamṛtānāṃ tu sauraṃ mānaṃ samāśrayet | sa eva divasastasya śrāddhāpiṇḍodakādiṣu || ” atrādhikamṛtasya na dvitīyādyabdepi sauravidhiḥ, dvitīyādāvanyādhike vā pūrvaniyamavidhivairūpyāt, kiṃtu prathamābdikasya male niyamāt || satyavratena tadbhinnasya sarvasyādhike pratiprasavamātre lāghavāt || ato na dvitīyādau sauramāsaprasaṅgaḥ | ‘cāndramiṣṭaṃ tathāb chape dike | māsaparkṣātithispaṣṭe' ityādi virodhācca māsikaśrāddhanirṇayaḥ yattu vṛddhavasiṣṭhaḥ-“ śrāddhīyāhani saṃprāpte adhimāso bhavedyadi | māsadvayepi kurvīta śrāddhamevaṃ na muhyati ||” yacca vyāsaḥ-“ uttare devakāryāṇi pitṛkāryāṇi cobhayoḥ ” iti tanmāsikādiviṣayam || ‘ yaugādikaṃ māsikaṃ ca śrāddhaṃ cāparapakṣikam | manvādikaṃ tairthikaṃ ca kuryānmāsadvayepi ca ||' iti smṛticandrikokteḥ || tairthikaṃ tīrthaśrāddhaṃ, tacca māsadvayepi kāryamiti tristhalīsetau bhaṭṭaḥ | kecittu-“ pratimāsaṃ mṛtāhe ca śrāddhaṃ yatprativatsaram | manvādau ca yugādau ca tanmāsorubhayorapi ||” iti marīcivacanāt || “varṣe varṣe tu yacchrāddhaṃ mātāpitrormṛtehani | māsadvayepi tatkuryādvyāghrasya vacanaṃ yathā ||” iti gālavokteśca pratyābdikaṃ māsadvaye kāryamityāhuḥ || tantuccham || pratimāsaṃ mṛtāhe kriyamāṇaṃ māsikam | pratisaṃvatsaraṃ ### [2.p3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.7) kriyamāṇaṃ kalpādiśrāddham, iti marīcivacaso madanaratnena vyākhyānāt || gālavīyasya ca ‘māsadvayātmake kṣayamāse' iti mādhavena vyākhyānāt || yacca kaiściduktaṃ prathamābdikaṃ māsadvayekāryam | “ābdikaṃ prathamaṃ yatsyāttatkurvīta malimluce | trayodaśe ca saṃprāpte kurvīta punarābdikam ||” iti yamokteḥ, tadapi cintyam | punarābdikaṃ dvitīyādivāṣikaṃ trayodaśe'tīte caturdaśe kuryāt || anyathā-‘sāṃvatsaraṃ na vardheta śrāddhaṃ tatra mṛte'hani' iti paiṭhīnasivirodhaḥ syāt iti hemādrau pṛthvīcandrodaye ca || etena na vardheta na cchindyācchuddhepi kuryāditidevetyanantabhaṭṭavyākhyā mānābhāvāt parāstā || pūrvavyākhyāyāṃ tu hārītīye prathamagrahaṇameva mānam || yadapi nirṇayāmṛte pūrvoktakālādarśavacanāt malamāse śrāddhadinasya vandhyatvanirāsārthaṃ pitṛnuddiśya brāhmaṇān bhojayitvā śuddhamāse sapiṇḍakaṃ śrāddhaṃ kuryāt | ‘piṇḍavarjamasaṃkrānte saṃkrāntau piṇḍasaṃyutam | pratisaṃvatsaraṃ śrāddhameva mmāsadvayepi ca ' iti vṛddhaparāśarokteḥ || tadapi cintyam | pūrvoktavacanasya kṣayapūrvabhāvyadhikamāsaviṣayatvāt | tatra hi māsadvaye śrāddhamuktam | tadāha satyatapāḥ- “eka eva yadā māsaḥ saṃkrāntidvayasaṃyutaḥ| māsadvayagataṃ śrāddhaṃ malamāsepi śasyate ||” iti || māsadvayagataṃ pūrvāsaṃkrāntigataṃ kṣayagataṃ ca | malamāse | kṣayamāse | apiśabdāt pūrvādhimāse ceti hemādriḥ | dīpikayāmapi–“tat prāksaṃgryadhimāsako yadi bhavettatratyasāṃvatsaraṃ tasmiñchudghatayā kṣaye ca vacanāt kuryādvayoḥ kovidaḥ ” iti || kālādarśopyetadviṣaya evetyalaṃ bahunā malamāsavarjyāni ### [2.p3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.8) malamāse varjyānyuktāni kālādarśa—“anityaṃnaimittikaṃ ca dānaṃ ca mahadādikam | agnyā dhānādhvarāpūrvatīrthayātrāmarekṣaṇam || devārāmataḍāgādipratiṣṭhā mauñjibandhanam | āśramasvīkṛtiḥ kāmyavṛṣotsargaśca niṣkramaḥ || rājyābhiṣekaḥ prathamaścūḍākarmavratāni ca | annaprāśanamārambho gṛhāṇāṃ ca praveśanam || snānaṃ vivāho nāmātipannadevamahotsavaḥ | vratārambhasamāptī ca karma kāmyaṃ ca pāpmanām || prāyaścittaṃ tu sarvasya malamāse vivarjayet | upākarmotsarjanaṃ ca pavitradamanārpaṇam || avarohaśca haimaṃtaḥ sarpāṇāṃ baliraṣṭakāḥ | īśānasya balirviṣṇoḥ śayanaṃ parivartanam || durgandrasthāpanotthāne dhvajotthānaṃ ca vajriṇaḥ | pūrvatra pratiṣiddhāni paratrānyacca daivikam || ” iti || atra mūlavacanāni hemādrimādhavādibhyo jñeyāni || divodāsīyepi-“yātrotsavaṃ ca devādiśapathaṃ divyameva ca | malamāse na kurvīta vyāghrasya vacanaṃ yathā ” iti kṣayamāsepi varjyāvarjye ayaṃ nirṇayaḥ kṣayamāsepi jñeyaḥ—“raviṃsaṃkramahīne yo varjyāvarjyavidhiḥ smṛtaḥ | sa eva tu dvisaṃkrāṃte malamāsepyudīritaḥ || ” iti kāṭhakagṛhyokteḥ || kṣayamāsamṛtānāṃ pratyābdike viśeṣo hemādrau-“tithyardhe prathame pūrvo dvitīyerdhe tathottaraḥ | māsāviti budhaiścintyau kṣayamāsasya madhyagau || ” ābdikavardhāpanepi jñeyam bhṛgugurvastādivarjyāni yanmalamāse varjyamuktaṃ tacchukragurvorastādiṣvapi jñeyam | tadāha bṛhaspatiḥ-“bāle vā yadi vā vṛddhe śukre vāstaṃgate gurau | malamāsa ivaitāni varjayeddevadarśanam ||” iti || “anādidevatāṃ dṛṣṭvā ### [2.p3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.9) śucaḥ syurnaṣṭabhārgave | malamāsepyanāvṛttatīrthayātrāṃ vivarjayet || ”āvṛttatīrthe doṣābhāvamātram, na tu phalam, iti vācaspatimiśrāḥ | tanna | asati bādhake phalahetutvākṣateḥ || lallopi"nīcasthe vakrasaṃsthepyaticaraṇagate bālavṛddhāstage vā saṃnyāso devayātrā vrataniyamavidhiḥ karṇavedhastu dīkṣā | mauñjībandhāṃganānāṃ pariṇayanavidhirvāstudevapratiṣṭhā varjyāḥ sadbhiḥ prayatnāntridaśapatigurau siṃharāśisthite ca ||" iti || dīkṣā yāgadīkṣā āgamadīkṣā ca tathā-“udyānacūḍāvratabandhadīkṣāvivāhayātrāśca vadhūpraveśaḥ | taḍāgakūpatridaśapratiṣṭhā bṛhaspatau siṃhagate na kuryāt ||” divodāsīye- “gurbāditye gurau siṃhe naṣṭe śukre malimluce | gṛhakarma vrataṃ yātrāṃ manasāpi na cintayet ||” asyāpavādastatraiva brāhme-“muṇḍanaṃ copavāsaśca gautamyāṃ siṃhage gurau | kanyāgate tu kṛṣṇāyāṃ na tu tattīravāsinām ||” siṃhagurau godāvarīsnānam tathā-“ādyāsau gautamī gaṅgā dvitīyā jāhnavī smṛtā | sarvatīrthaphalaṃ snānādgautamyāṃ siṃhage gurau ||” saṃhitāpradīpe- “syātsaptarātraṃ guruśukrayośca bālatvamahnāṃ daśakaṃ ca vārdham vṛddhau sitejyāvasubhau śiśutve śastau yatastāvupacīyamānau ||” vasiṣṭhaḥ- “aticāragate jīve varjayettadanantaram | vratodvāhādikāryeṣu aṣṭāviṃśativāsarām ||” grahāṇāṃ bālyādilakṣaṇam bālyādilakṣaṇamuktaṃ brahmasiddhānte - "raviṇā sanniranyeṣāṃ grahāṇāmasta ucyate | tato'rvāgvārdhakaṃ proktamūrdhvaṃ bālyaṃ prakīrtitam ||” iti || bālyādiparimāṇaṃ ca vṛttaśate - “bālaḥ ### [2.p3.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.10) śukro divasadaśakaṃ pañcakaṃ caiva vṛddhaḥ paścādahnāṃ tritayamuditaḥ pakṣamaindryāṃ krameṇa | jīvo vṛddhaḥ śucirapi tathā pakṣamanyaiḥ śiśū tau vṛddhau proktau divasadaśakaṃ cāparaiḥ saptarātram ||” paścimata udaye daśa dināni bālaḥ | aste pañcadināni vṛddhaḥ | pūrvato dinatrayaṃ bālaḥ pakṣaṃ ca vṛddha ityarthaḥ | jīvo guruḥ || anyatra tvanyathoktam | “prākpaścāduditaḥ śukraḥ pañcasaptadinaṃ śiśuḥ | viparītaṃ tu vṛddhatvaṃ tadvadeva gurorapi ||” iti || eṣāṃ ca pakṣāṇāṃ vyavasthāmāha mihiraḥ-“bahavo darśitāḥ kālā ye bālye vārdhakepi vā | grāhyāstatrādhikāḥ śeṣā deśabhedādutāpadi ||” iti deśabhedaśca madanaratne gārgyaḥ-“śukro guruḥ prākca parākca bālo vindhye daśāvantiṣu saptarātram | vaṃgeṣu hūṇeṣu ca ṣaṭ ca pañca śeṣe ca deśe tridinaṃ vadanti ||” iti || astāderapavādaḥ kāśīkhaṇḍe-“na grahāstodyakṛto doṣo viśveśvarālaye |” tristhalīsetau vāyavīye“godāvaryāṃ gayāyāṃ ca śrīśaile grahaṇadvaye | surāsuragurūṇāṃ ca mauḍhyadoṣo na vidyate ||” grahaṇadvaye tannimittakakurukṣetrayātrādānādāvityarthaḥ || tadāha tristhalīsetau lallaḥ-“upaplave śītalabhānubhānvorardhodaye vai kapilākhyaṣaṣṭhyām | surāsurejyārastamayopi tīrthe yātrāvidhiḥ saṃkramaṇe ca śastaḥ ||” ‘na mūḍhadoṣo na ca rātridoṣo na cādhimāso na mṛrtina sūtiḥ' evamapyuttarārdhaṃ paṭhaṃti || ityalaṃ bahunā malamāse vratanirṇayaḥ malamāse ca vrataviśeṣa ukto hemādrau pādme- "adhimāse tu saṃprāpte guḍasarpiryutāni ca ### [2.p3.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.11) trayastriṃśadapūpāni dātavyāni dinedine || sājyāni guḍamiśrāṇi adhimāse nṛpottama | adhimāse tu saṃprāpte trayastriṃśattu devatāḥ || uddiśyā'pūpadānena pṛthvīdānaphalaṃ labhet | trayastriṃśadapūpānnaṃ kāṃsyapātre nidhāya ca || saghṛtaṃ sahiraṇyaṃ ca brāhmaṇāya nivedayet | viṣṇurūpī sahastrāṃśuḥsarvapāpapraṇāśanaḥ || apūpānnapradānena mama pāpaṃ vyapohatu | nārāyaṇa jagadbīja bhāskarapratirūpaka || vratenānena putrāṃśca saṃpadaṃ cābhivardhaya | yasya haste gadācakre garuḍo yasya vāhanam || śaṃkhaḥ karatale yasya sa me viṣṇuḥ prasīdatu | kalākāṣṭhādirūpeṇa nimeṣaghaṭikādinā || yo vañcayati bhūtāni tasmai kālātmane namaḥ | kurukṣetramayaṃ deśaḥ kālaḥ parva dvijo hariḥ || pṛthvīsamamidaṃ dānaṃ gṛhāṇa puruṣottama | malānāṃ ca viśuddhayartha pāpapraśamanāya ca putrapautrābhivṛddhyarthaṃ tava dāsyāmi bhāskara | maṃtreṇānena yo dadyātrayastriṃśadapūpakān || prāpnoti vipulāṃ lakṣmīṃ putrapautrādisaṃpadaḥ ||" iti nirṇayasindhau malamāsanirṇayaḥ ( iti kamalākarabhaṭṭakṛte nirṇayasindhau paṃ0 jvālāprasādamiśrakṛtabhāṣāṭīkāyāṃ malamāsakṣayamāsanirṇayaḥ ) tatra pakṣatithivedhanirṇayau pakṣanirṇayastu-'daive mukhyaḥ śuklapakṣaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ pitrye viśiṣyate' iti mādhavenoktaḥ || atha tithinirṇayaḥ-tatra tithirdvadhā-śuddhā viddhā ca || dine tithyantarasambandharahitā śuddhā ### [2.p3.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.12) tadrahitā viddhā || tatra śuddhāyāmaṃsadehādviddhā nidhīyate || tatra sāmānyato vedhamāha mādhavīye paiṭhīnasiḥ- " pakṣadvayepi tithayastithiṃ pūrvī tathottarām | tribhirmuhūrtervidhyanti sāmānyoyaṃ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ" iti || hemādrimadanaratnādau dvimuhūrtopyuktaḥ-"udite daivataṃ bhānau pitryaṃ cāstamite ravau | dvimūhūrtā trirahaśca sā tithirhavyakavyayoḥ ||” iti viṣṇudharmokteḥ || dvimuhūrttatvaṃ cānukalpaḥ-'dvimuhūrttāpi karttavyā yā tithirvṛddhigāminī' iti dakṣeṇāpi śabdokteḥ || ayaṃ vedhaḥ prātareva sāyaṃ tu trimuhūrto vedha evaṃ-“ yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya yātyastaṃ padminīpatiḥ | sā tithirūstadine proktā trimuhūrteva yā bhavet || ” iti skāndokteḥ || dīpikāpi-' trimuhūrtagā tu sakalā sāye' iti || yāni tu-' vratopavāsasnānādau ghaṭikaikāpi yā bhavet || udaye sā tithirbrāhmā viparītā tu paitṛke || ' ityādīni skāndādivacanāni, tāni vaiśvānarādhikaraṇanyāyenāvayavastutyā trimuhūrtapraśaṃsāparāṇi tithiviśeṣe vedhaviśeṣaḥ skānde- nāgau dvādaśanāḍībhirdikūpañcadaśabhistathā | bhūtoṣṭādaśanāḍībhirdūṣayatyuttarāṃ tithim || ' iti || ayaṃ copavāsātiriktaviṣaya iti vakṣyate iti vedhaḥ tatra sarvā tithiyardahaḥ karmakālavyāpinī saiva grāhyā | 'karmaṇo yasya yaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | tayā karmāṇi kurvīta hrāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam ||' iti viṣṇudharmokteḥ || dinadvaye tadvyāptāvekadeśavyāptau vā yugmavākyānrirṇayaḥ | tasya pūrvābādhenopapatteḥ | karmakālasya pradhānāṃgatvācca | yugmavākyaṃ tu nigamaḥ| “yugmāgniyugabhūtānāṃ ṣaṇmunyorvasurandhrayoḥ | rudreṇa ### [2.p3.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.13) dvādaśī yuktā caturdaśyā ca pūrṇimā || pratipadyapyamāvāsyātithyoryugmaṃ mahāphalam | etadvyastaṃ mahādoṣaṃ hanti puṇyaṃ purākṛtam ||” iti || atra randhrāntāḥ śabdāḥ dvitīyādinavamyantatithivācakāḥ | rudra ekādaśī dvitīyā tṛtīyāyutā sā ca dvitīyāyuteti sapta yugmānītyarthaḥ || idañca śuklapakṣe amāpratipadyugmasya pūrṇimāyāśca tatraiva sattvāditi kecit tattvaṃ tvamāvāsyāpratipadyugmāt kṛṣṇapakṣaliṅgāt pakṣadvayaparamidam | tattadviśeṣavākyaiḥ kṛṣṇe tithiviśeṣo'podyata iti daśamī tūktā purāṇasamuccaye-‘saṃpūrṇe daśamī kāryā miśritā pūrvayāthavā' iti saṃpūrge śuklapakṣe trayodaśī tu sumantunoktā-‘trayodaśī tu karttavyā dvādaśī sahitā mune' iti kṛṣṇapakṣe tvāpastambaḥ “pratipatsadvitīyā syādvitīyā pratipadyutā | caturthīsaṃyutā yā ca sā tṛtīyā phalapradā || pañcamī ca prakarttavyā ṣaṣṭhayā yuktā tu nārada | kṛṣṇapakṣeṣṭamī caiva kṛṣṇapakṣe caturdaśī || pūrvaviddhā prakarttavyā paraviddhā na kutracit | daśamī ca prakarttavyāsadurgā dvijasattama || ṣaṣṭhyaṣṭamī amāvāsyā kṛṣṇapakṣe trayodaśī | etāḥ parayutāḥ pūjyāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ ||” iti yattu vyāghraḥ-“kharvo darpastathā hiṃsā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | kharvadarpau parau pūjyau hiṃsā syātpūrvakālikī ||” iti || kharvaḥ sāmyam, darpo vṛddhiḥ, tayoḥ parā| hiṃsāṃ kṣayastatra pūrvetyarthaḥ || etaccchrāddhādiviṣayam | “dvitīyādiṣu yugmānāṃ pūjyatā niyamādiṣu ### [2.p3.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.14) ekoddiṣṭādivṛddhyādau hrāsavṛddhyādicodanā ||” iti vyāsokteḥ || niyamādiṣu vratadānādidaivakarmasu | ekoddiṣṭāditithervṛddhyā dāvityarthaḥ || karmakālavyāptyabhāve tu karmopakramakālageva grāhyā- ‘karmopakramakālagā tu kṛtibhirgrāhyā na yugmādaraḥ' iti dīpikokteḥ yāni tu-‘yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya udayaṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā dānādhyayanakarmasu || ” ityādīni || tāni trimuhūrttādistutiriti nirṇayaśailī ekabhaktanirṇayaḥ athaikabhaktam || tatkālaḥ pādme - 'madhyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhakte sadā tithiḥ' iti madhyāhnaśca pañcadhā vibhaktadinatṛtīyāṃśaḥ || tena yadyapi dvādaśadaṇḍānantaraṃ prāpyate tathāpi ‘dinārdhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktamatastatsyāddi Night vaiva hi || ' iti skāndokteḥ || ṣoḍaśasaptadaśādidaṇḍau mukhyaḥ kālaḥ || dīpikāyāṃ tu- 'madhyāhnāṃtyadale tribhāgadivase syādekabhaktam ' iti || tataḥ sūryāstaparyantaṃ gauṇaḥ | 'divaiva hi' ityasya vaiyarthyāpattyaitatparatvāt || atra pūrvedyurvyāptiḥ parerurabhayedyurvyāptiḥ tadabhāveṃ'śa vyāptiḥ | tatrāpi sāmyaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ ceti ṣaṭ pakṣāḥ || tatrādyayorasaṃdeha eva tṛtīye tu pūrvehni gauṇamukhyaprāpteḥ sattvāt pūrveti mādhavaḥ, yugmavākyānnirṇaya iti hemādriḥ | caturthapakṣe pūrvaiva gauṇakālavyāpteḥ sattvāt | vaiṣamyeṇāṃśāvyāptau yā'dhikā sā grāhyā | sāmye pūrvā ayaṃ ca svatantraikabhaktanirṇayaḥ | anyāṅge upavāsapratinidhau tadanusāreṇa nirṇayaḥ ### [2.p3.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.15) atha naktam || tacca dinānaśanapūrvarātra bhojanam || tatra pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā | 'pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā tithirnaktavrate sadā' iti vatsokteḥ || pradoṣastu- "trimuhūrtta pradoṣaḥ syādbhānorastaṃ gate sati | naktaṃ tatra tu karttavyamiti śāstraviniścayaḥ ||'' iti madanaratne vyāsokteḥ tatrāpi tridaṇḍottaraṃ kāryam 'sāyaṃsaṃdhyā trighaṭikā astādupari bhāsvataḥ' iti skāṃdokteḥ daṇḍatrayasya saṃdhyātvāt || tatra | "catvārīmāni karmāṇi saṃdhyāyāṃ parivarjayet | āhāraṃ maithunaṃ nidrāṃ svādhyāyaṃ ca caturthakam ||" iti || mārkaṇḍeyena bhojananiṣedhāt || "muhūrttānaṃ dinaṃ naktaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ | nakṣatradarśanānnaktamahaṃ manye gaṇādhipaṃ ||" iti mādhavīye bhaviṣyokteśca || gauḍāstu-'pradoṣostamayādūrdhvaṃ ghaṭikādvayamiṣyate' iti vatsoktaḥ pradoṣaḥ saṃdhyā ca dinarātryoḥ saṃdhau muhūrttaḥ | "ardhāstamayā saṃdhyā vyaktībhūtā na tārakā yāvat tejaḥparihānivaśādbhānoradhodaya yāvat ||" iti varāhokterityāhuḥ || tanna | asya saṃdhyāvandanādhyāyādiparatvāt || ata eva tatra khaṇḍamaṇḍalasya saṃdhyātvamuktaṃ vijñāneśvareṇa yacca madanaratne-naktasya vedhatvādvāgaprāptabhojanagocaro niṣedha ityuktam || tanna | vidherniṣedhāvirodhāt || anyathā kapiñjalādityatra tribhyodhikānāṃ hiṃsanaṃ syāt || sāyaṃkāle naktaṃ tu dinadvaye pradoṣasparśe jñeyam | "atathātve paratra syādastādavagyato hi sā" iti jābālivacanāt | 'pradoṣavyāpinī na syāddivā naktaṃ vidhīyate | ātmano dviguṇā chāyā mandībhavati bhāskare | tannaktaṃ naktamityāhurna naktaṃ niśi bhojanam || ” iti ### [2.p3.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.16) skāāndācca || yatyādīnāmapi sāyāhne “naktaṃ niśāyāṃ kurvīta gṛhastho vidhisaṃyutaḥ yatiśca vidhavā caiva kuryāttatsadivākaram ||” iti tatraiva smṛtyantarāt || idamaputravidhuro palakṣaṇam || putravatastu rātrāveva || 'anāśramopyāśramī syādapatnīkopi putravān' iti saṃgrahokteḥ || sauranaktaṃ tu divaiva - "trimuhūrttaspṛgevāhni niśi caitāvatī tithiḥ | tasyāṃ sauraṃ bhavennaktamahnyeva tu bhojanam ||” iti sumantūkteḥ harinaktanirṇayaḥ harinakte viśeṣaḥ kālādarśa skānde 'udayasthā sadā pūjyā harinaktavrate tithiḥ' iti anyanaktaṃ tu saṃkrāntyādāvapi rātrāveva | niṣedhasya rāgaprāptabhojanagocaratvena vedhābādhakatvāt || dinadvayavyāptau parā “ubhayoryadi vā tithyoḥ pradoṣavyāpinī tithiḥ tatrottaratra naktaṃ syādubhayatrāpi sā yataḥ ||” iti kālādarśa jābālivacanāt || anyapakṣeṣu ekabhaktavanirṇayaḥ || atra viśeṣo madanaratne gāruḍe - “haviṣyabhojanaṃ snānaṃ satyamāhāralāghavam | agnikāryamadhaḥśayyā naktabhojī ṣaḍācaret ||” agnikārya vyāhṛtihomaḥ || iti naktam || ayācite tu viśeṣavacanābhāvāt pakṣe upavāse prāpte upavāsavanirṇayaḥ || atha nakṣatravratakālanirṇayaḥ || viṣṇudharme - "upoṣitavyaṃ nakṣatraṃ yasminnastamiyādraviḥ | yujyate yatra vā tārā niśīthe śaśinā saha ||” iti || mādhavīye skānde-"tatraivoghavasedṛkṣaṃ yanniśīthādadho bhavet | upavāse yahakṣaṃ syāttaddhi naktaikabhaktayoḥ ||” atha vrataparibhāṣā || tatrādhikāriṇo madanaratne bhaviṣye-"anagnayastu ye viprāsteṣāṃ śreyo vidhīyate | vratopavāsaniyamairnānādānaistathā nṛpa ||” anagnigrahaṇamupavāsaviṣayam ### [2.p3.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.17) ata eva devalaḥ-“āhitāgniranaḍvāṃśca brahmacārī ca te trayaḥ | aśnanta eva sidhyanti naiṣāṃ siddhiranaśnatām ||” ekādaśyādau tu vacanādbhavatīti vakṣyāmaḥ || śūdrasyāpyadhikāraḥ-“śūdro varṇaścaturthopi varṇatvāddharmamarhati | vedamantrasvadhāsvāhāvaṣaṭkārādibhirvinā ||” iti vyāsokteḥ || prācyāstu vaiśyaśūdrayordvirātrādhikopavāsaniṣedhaḥ| “vaiśyāḥ śūdrāśca ye mohādupavāsaṃ prakurvate | trirātraṃ pañcarātraṃ vā teṣāṃ vyuṣṭirna vidyate || caturthabhaktakṣapaṇaṃ vaiśye śūdre vidhīyate | trirātraṃ tu na dharmajñairvihitaṃ brahmavādibhiḥ ||” iti hemādrau vacanādityāhuḥ || yāvaduktaniṣedha ityanye || tattvaṃ tu nirmūlamiti prakaraṇānmahātapoviṣaya iti yuktam || evaṃ strīṇāmapi bhartṛnujñaiva strīṇāṃ vratam yattu skānde-“nāsti strīṇāṃ pṛthagyajño na vrataṃ nāpyupoṣaṇam | bhartṛśuśrūṣayaivaitā lokānniṣṭān vrajanti hi || yaddevebhyo yacca pitrādikebhyaḥ kuryādbhartāramarcanaṃ satkriyāṃ ca tasyārdhaṃ vai sā phalaṃ nānyacittā nārī bhuṃkte bhartṛśuśrūṣayaiva ||” ādityapurāṇe-“nārīkhalvananujñātā bhartrā vāpi sutena vā | viphalaṃ tadbhavettasyā yatkarotyaurdhvadehikam ||” iti || aurdhvadehikaṃ pāralaukikam || tadbhartrananujñāviṣayam | 'bhāryā patyurmatenaiva vratādīnācaretsadā' iti kātyāyanokteḥ || atra viśeṣo harivaṃśe-“snānaṃ ca kāryaṃ śirasastataḥ phalamavāpnuyāt | snātvā strī prātarutthāya patiṃ vijñāpayetsatī ||' tathā-“gṛhītvaudumbaraṃ pātraṃ sakuśaṃ sākṣataṃ tathā | gośṛṅgaṃ dakṣiṇaṃ siṃcya pragṛhṇīyācca tajjalam ||” ### [2.p3.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.18) audumbaraṃ tāmramayam | “tato bhartuḥ satī dadyātsnātasya prayatasya ca | ātmanaścābhiṣektavyaṃ tataḥ śirasi tajjalam | upavāseṣu karttavyametaddhi vratakeṣu ca ||” iti sarvavrateṣu saṃkalpavidhiścaḥ bhārate-“gṛhītvaudumbaraṃ pātraṃ vāripūrṇamudaṅmukhaḥ | upavāsaṃ tu gṛhṇīyādyadvā saṃkalpayedbudhaḥ ||” hastenaivetyarthaḥ vratārambhakālanirṇayaḥ atha vratārambhakālaḥ || madanaratne gārgyaḥ-“astage ca gurau śukre bāle vṛddhe malimluce | udyāpanamupārambhaṃ vratānāṃ naiva kārayet ||” ratnamālāyām-“somasaumyaguruśukravāsarāḥ sarvakarmasu bhavanti siddhidāḥ | bhānubhaumaśanivāsareṣu ca proktameva khalu karma sidhyati ||” tathā-“viruddhasaṃjñā iha ye ca yogāsteṣāmaniṣṭaḥ khalu pāda ādyaḥ | sarvaidhṛtistu vyatipātanāmā sarvo'pyariṣṭaḥ parivasya cārdham || tisrastu yoge prathame savajre vyāghātasaṃjñe nava pañca śūle | gaṇḍe'tigaṇḍe ca ṣaḍeva nāḍyaḥ śubheṣu kāryeṣu vivarjanīyāḥ ||” saṃgrahe-“kṛṣṇe'gniruddiśayorūrdhvaṃ saptamībhūtayoradhaḥ | śukle vaṃdegayorūrdhvaṃ bhadrā prāgvasupūrṇayoḥ ||” śrīpatiḥ-“na siddhimāyāti kṛtaṃ ca viṣṭyāṃ viṣārikhātādikamatra siddham || ” vyavahārasamuccaye- “daśamyāmaṣṭamyāṃ prathamaghaṭikāpañcakaparaṃ, haridyausaptamyāṃ dvidaśaghaṭikānte trighaṭikam | tṛtīyārākāyāṃ trayamaghaṭikābhyaḥ parabhavaṃ, śubhaṃ viṣṭeḥ pucchaṃ śivatithicaturthyostu virame ||” tatraiva-“sarpiṇī tu site pakṣe kṛṣṇe caiva tu vṛścikī | sarpiṇyāstu mukhaṃ tyājyaṃ vṛścikyāḥ pucchameva ca || ” vratārambhe viśeṣaḥ ### [2.p3.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.19) mādhavīye-'viṣṭiyèdāhni titheraparārdhajātā pūrvārdhajā niśi tadā śubhadā ca pucche ||' brahmayāmale-“dinabhadrā yadā rātrau rātribhadrā yadā divā | na tyājyā śubhakāryeṣu prāhuurevaṃ purātanāḥ || śrīpatiḥ-“ṣaṭ pauṣṇato dvādaśa śāṃkarācca pauraṃdarāddvādani nava krameṇa | pūrvārdhamadhyāparabhāgayuñji ciraṃtanairjyotiṣikaiḥ smṛtāni || " vratārambhe ca viśeṣo madanaratne satyavratenoktaḥ-“udayasthā tithiryā hi na bhaveddinamadhyabhāk | sā khaṇḍā na vratānāṃ syādārambhaśca samāpanam || " iti || devalaḥ-“abhuktvā prātarāhāraṃ snātvācamya samāhitaḥ | sūryāya devatābhyaśca nivedya vratamācaret ||” daśyasya paśumitravindādiprakaraṇastheneva tattadvataviśeṣahomavidhibhirasyopasaṃhāra iti viṣṇudharme-“tajjapyajapanaṃ dhyānaṃ tatkathāśravaṇādikam | tadarcanaṃ ca tannāmakīrttanaśravaṇādayaḥ || upavāsakṛtāmete guṇāḥ proktā manīṣibhiḥ ||” kaurme-“bahirgrāmāntyajānsūtiṃ patitaṃ ca rajasvalām | na spṛśennābhibhāṣeta nekṣeta vratavāsare ||” pṛthvīcandrodaye agnipurāṇe-“snātvā vratavatā sarvavrateṣu vratamūrttayaḥ | pūjyāḥ suvarṇamayyādyāḥ śaktyā vai bhūmiśāyinā || japo homaśca sāmānyaṃ vratānte dānameva ca | caturviṃśadvādaśa vā pañca vā traya eva ca || viprā bhojyā yathāśakti tebhyo dadyācca dakṣiṇām ||” atra viprā iti pum̐lliṅganirdeśāt pumāṃsa eva bhojyāḥ | na tu striyaḥ || evaṃ ### [2.p3.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.20) sahasrabhojanādāvapi | virūpaikaśeṣasya pramāṇāntaraṃ vinā'yuktatvāt || ata eva-dvayoryajamānayoḥ pratipadaṃ 'kuryāt bahubhyo yajamānebhyaḥ' ityādau virūpaikaśeṣādyogāt patnyabhiprāyaṃ dvitvaṃ bahutvaṃ vā na saṃbhavatītyuktamācāryaiḥ | pārthasārathinā ca etenaikasya brāhmaṇasyāvṛttyā bhojanaṃ parāstaṃ bahutvasyaikapadaśrutyā brāhmaṇānvitatvena bhojanānvayābhāvādityanyatra vistaraḥ || śūdrasya tu pratiṣṭhādivadvipadvārā vyāhṛtihoma iti vardhamānaḥ || vratamūrtayo vratadevatāpratimāḥ || pratimāsvarūpaṃ ca madanaratne bhaviṣye"anuktadravyatatsaṅkhya | devatāpratimā nṛpa | sauvarṇī rājatī tāmrī vṛkṣajā mārttitī tathā || citrajā piṣṭalekhotthā nijavittānurūpataḥ | āmāṣātpalaparyantaṃ karttavyā śāṭhyavivarjitaiḥ || " tatraiva brāhme-"ājyaṃ dravyamanādeśe juhotiṣu vidhīyate | mantrasya devatāyāśca prajāpatiriti sthitiḥ || " mantrānuktau samastavyāhṛtirūpo mantraḥ prajāpatiśca devateti kalpataruḥ | vardhamānadhṛtadevīpurāṇe- "homo grahādipūjāyāṃ śatamaṣṭādhikaṃ bhavet | aṣṭāviṃśatiraṣṭau vā yathāśakti vidhīyate || " madanaratne - 'anuktasaṃkhyā yatra syācchatamaṣṭottaraṃ śatam ' vardhamānadhṛtavṛddhaśātātapaḥ- "upavāsaṃ dvijaḥ kṛtvā tato brāhmaṇabhojanam | kuryāttenāsya saguṇa upavāso'bhijāyate || " vratodyāpane viśeṣaḥ vratodyāpanānuktau pṛthvīcandrodaye nandipurāṇe- "kuryādudyāpanaṃ tasya samāptau yadudīritam udyāpanaṃ vinā yattu tadvrataṃ niṣphalaṃ bhavet || yadi codyāpanaṃ noktaṃ vratānuguṇataścaret ### [2.p3.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.21) vittānusārato dadyāduktodyāpane vrate || gāścaiva kāñcanaṃ dadyādvratasya paripūrttaye || " aśaktau nāradīye - "sarveṣāmapyalābhe tu yathoktakaraṇaṃ vinā | vipravākyaṃ smṛtaṃ śuddhaṃ vratasya paripūrttaye || " tatraiva- "yathā vipravaco yastu gṛhṇāti manujaḥ śubham | adattvā dakṣiṇāṃ pāpaḥ sa yāti narakaṃ dhruvam || " bhārate- "vedopaniṣade caiva sarvakarmasu dakṣiṇā sarvatra tu mayoddiṣṭā bhūmirgāvo'tha kāñcanam || " baijavāpaḥ- "śivanetrodbhavaṃ yasmādrajataṃ pitṛvallabham | amaṃgalaṃ tadyatnena devakāryeṣu varjayet || " toḍarānande devīpurāṇe- "vrate ca tīrthe'dhyayane śrāddhepi ca viśeṣataḥ | parānna bhojanāddevi yasyānnaṃ tasya tatphalam || " vrate niyamaḥ pṛthvīcandrodaye'gnipurāṇe-“nityasnāyī mitāhāro gurudevadvijārthakaḥ | kṣāraṃ kṣauraṃ ca lavaṇaṃ madhu māṃsaṃ ca varjayet ||” kṣārāstu tatraivoktāḥ “tilamudgādṛte śaimbyaṃ sasye godhūmakodravau | dhānyakaṃ devadhānyaṃ ca śamīdhānyaṃ tathaikṣavam || svinnadhānyaṃ tathā puṇyaṃ mūlaṃ kṣāragaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ ||” godhūmānāṃ tu tatraiva pratiprasavaḥ-“vrīhiṣaṣṭikamudgāśca kalāyaḥ satilaṃ payaḥ | śyāmākāścaiva nīvārā godhūmādyā vrate hitāḥ || kūṣmāṇḍālambuvārttākapālaṃkīyotsnikāstyajet | caturbhaikṣaṃ saktukaṇāḥ śākaṃ dadhi ghṛtaṃ madhu || śyāmākāḥ śālinīvārā yāvakaṃ mūlataṇḍulam | haviṣyavratanaktādāvagnikāryādike hitam || madhu māṃsaṃ vihāyānyaddṛte vā hitamīritam ||” iti || śamīdhānyaṃ māṣādi | pālaṃkī madhyadeśe ### [2.p3.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.22) ( poī ) iti prasiddhā | jyotsnikā kośātakī | mitākṣarāyāṃ gautamaḥ-“caturbhaikṣasaktukaṇayāvakaśākapayodadhighṛtamūlaphalodakāni havīṃṣyuttarottaraṃ praśastāni payo dadhi ghṛtaṃ ca gavyam” iti || anye ca viśeṣā ekādaśīcāturmāsyādiprakaraṇe vakṣyante gṛhītavratatyāge tu madanaratne chāgaleyaḥ-“pūrvaṃ vrataṃ gṛhītvā yo na caretkāmamohitaḥ jīvanbhavati cāṇḍālo mṛtaḥ śvā cābhijāyate ||” tatra prāyaścittamuktaṃ pṛthvīcandrodaye agnigāruḍapurāṇayoḥ-“krodhātpramādālobhādvā vratabhaṅgo bhavedyadi | dinatrayaṃ na bhuñjīta muṇḍanaṃ śiraso'thavā||' iti||prāyaścittasnānādatikrāntavratānuṣṭhānaṃ nāstīti gamyate||yattu'prāyaścittaṃ tataḥ kṛtvā punareva vratī bhavet |' iti vacanāt yaccātikrāntamapi vrataṃ kāryameveti śūlapāṇiḥ, tanmadhye lope vrataśeṣasattve jñeyam || etacca śaktaviṣayam || aśaktau tu kālahemādrau purāṇāntare-“upavāsāsamarthaścedvekaṃ vipraṃ tu bhojayet | tāvaddhanādi vā dadyādbhuktasya dviguṇaṃ tathā || sahasrasaṃmitāṃ devīṃ japedvā prāṇasaṃyamān | kuryāddvādaśasaṃkhyākānyathāśaktyāturo naraḥ ||" iti || śuddhitattve mātsye-'upavāseṣvaśaktānāṃ naktaṃ bhojanamiṣyate ||' madanaratne vāyavīye-'dravyadātopavāsasya phalaṃ prāpnotyasaṃśayam ||' tathāparārke devalaḥ-“brahmacaryaṃ tathā śaucaṃ satyamāmiṣavarjanam | vrateṣvetāni catvāri variṣṭhānīti niścayaḥ ||" mātsye-“tasmātkṛtopavāsena snānamabhyaṅgapūrvakam | varjanīyaṃ prayatnena rūpaghnaṃ tatparaṃ nṛpa ||” anye ca niyamāstatratatrānveṣaṇīyāḥ || atha strīvrateṣu ### [2.p3.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.23) viśeṣa ucyate | tatra hemādrau vratakāṇḍe gāruḍe-“gandhālaṃkāratāmbūlapuṣpamālyānulepanam | upavāse na duṣyanti dantadhāvanamañjanam ||” iti || idaṃ ca sabhartṛkopavāsaviṣayam | “añjanaṃ ca satāmbūlaṃ kuṃkumaṃ raktavāsasī | dhārayetsopavāsāpi avaidhavyakaraṃ yataḥ || vidhavā yatimārgeṇa kumārī vā yadṛcchayā ||” iti || tatraiva bhaviṣyokteḥ tathā viṣṇudharme-“sarveṣu tūpavāseṣu pumānvātha suvāsinī | dhārayedraktavastrāṇi kusumāni sitāni ca | vidhavā śuklavasanamekameva hi dhārayet ||” manurapi-“puṣpālaṃkāravastrāṇi gandhadhūpānulepanam | upavāse na duṣyanti dantadhāvanamañjanam ||” madanaratne vyāsaḥ‘dantadhāvanapuṣpādi vratepyasyā na duṣyati' iti || yadyapīdaṃ sarvopavāsaviṣaye pratīyate, tathāpi śiṣṭācārātsaubhāgyādyarthaṃ kriyamāṇanavarātritrātrādyupavāsaviṣayameva || na tvekādaśyādiviṣayam || “asakṛjjalapānācca sakṛttāmbūlacarvaṇāt | upavāsaḥ praṇaśyeta divāsvāpācca maithunāt ||” ityaparārke devalena tanniṣedhāt || na cāsya puṃviṣayattvena sāvakāśatvāt strīṇāṃ tāmbūlādi prāpnotīti vācyam | tāmbūlādiprāpakasyaivaikādaśītaraviṣayattvena vaiparītyasyāpi suvacatvāt || yattu harivaṃśe-“añjanaṃ rocanaṃ caiva gandhānsumanasastathā | vrate caivopavāse ca nityameva vivarjayet || śirasobhyañjanaṃ saumye naivametatpraśasyate | na pādayorna gātrasya sneheneti sthitiḥ smṛtā ||” iti || tattatraivoktapuṇyakavrataviṣayam | natu sarvatra | pūrvoktavirodhāditi madanaratne uktam || tatraiva-“aśruprapāto ### [2.p3.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.24) roṣaśca kalahasya kṛtistathā | upavāsāhūtādvāpi sadyo bhraṃśayati striyam ||” striyamityupalakṣaṇam madanaratne śivadharme-“dānavratāni niyamā jñānaṃ dhyānaṃ hutaṃ japaḥ | yatnenāpi kṛtaṃ sarvaṃ krodhitasya vṛthā bhavet ||” atha sūtakādau nirṇayaḥ | tatra śāvasūtayāśaucayoḥ sarvasmārtakarmanivṛttirnibandheṣu spaṣṭaiva || gauḍāstu śaucādavāpi tāmāhuḥ | “jānūrdhvaṃ kṣataje jāte nityakarma na cācaret | naimittikaṃ ca tadadhaḥ sravadrakto na cācaret || lautake ca samutpanne jvarakarmaṇi maithune | dhūmodvāre tathā vāntau nityakarmāṇi saṃtyajet || dravye bhukte tvajīrṇe ca naiva bhuktvāpi kiṃcana | karma kuryānnaro nityaṃ sūtake mṛtake tathā ||” iti kālikāpurāṇāt || vastutastu pūrvaṃ devīpūjopakramāttanmātraviṣayatvamasyeti yuktaṃ pratīmaḥ tathā hemādrau pādme-“garbhiṇī sūtikādiśca kumārī vātha rogiṇī | yadā'śuddhā tadānyena kārayetprayatā svayam ||” iti || puṃsopyeṣa vidhiḥ | liṅgasyāvivakṣitatvāt tena-‘yasminvrate yatpūjādyuktaṃ tadanyena kārayet | śārīraniyamānsvayaṃ kuryāt ’ iti hemādrivyākhyau || ‘na vratināṃ vrate’ iti viṣṇūkteśca || ārambhastu na bhavatyeva śuddhitattve viṣṇuḥ-“bahukālikasaṃkalpo gṛhītaśca purā yadi | sūtake mṛtake caiva vrataṃ tannaiva duṣyati ||” etatkāmyaparam | nityaṃ tvanārabdhamapi kāryamiti gauḍāḥ madanaratne-“pūrvasaṃkalpitaṃ yacca vrataṃ suniyatavrataiḥ | tatkarttavyaṃ naraiḥ śuddhaṃ dānārcanavivarjitam ||” mādhavīye kaurme-“kāmyopavāse prakrānte tvantarā mṛtasūtake | tanna ### [2.p3.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.25) kāmyaṃ vrataṃ kuryāddānārcanavivarjitam ||” iti || etena sādhikārāhvatāṅgedevapūjādi kāryamiti vardhamānoktiḥ parāstā || prārabdhaṃ pūjādi kāryameva || navarātre tu tatraiva viśeṣaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ || evaṃ rajasvalāpi || yattu satyavrataḥ-“prārabdhadīrghatapasāṃ nārīṇāṃ yadrajo bhavet | na tatrāpi vratasya syāduparodhaḥ kathaṃcana ||” iti || tatpratinidhinā kārayedityetatparam || taduktaṃ madanaratne mātsye-‘antarā tu rajoge pūjāsanyena kārayet’ iti pratinidhayaśca nirṇayāmṛte paiṭhīnasiḥ-“bhāryā patyurvrataṃ kuryādbhāryāyāśca patirvratam asāmarthye parastābhyāṃ vratabhaṅgo na jāyate ||” skāndepi-“putraṃ vā vinayopetaṃ bhaginīṃ bhrātaraṃ tathā | eṣāmabhāva evānyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vā niyojayet ||” pitrādyarthe upavāsavratanirṇayaḥ kātyāyanaḥ-“pitṛmātṛbhrātṛpatigurvarthe ca viśeṣataḥ | upavāsaṃ prakurvāṇaḥ puṇyaṃ śataguṇaṃ labhetū || mātāmahādīnuddiśya ekādaśyāmupoṣage | kṛte te tu phalaṃ viprāḥ samagraṃ samavāpnuyuḥ || ” madanaratne prabhāsakhaṇḍe-“bharttā putraḥ purodhāśca bhrātā patnī sakhāpi ca yātrāyāṃ dharmakāryeṣu jāyante pratihastakāḥ || ebhiḥ kṛtaṃ mahādevi svayameva kṛtaṃ bhavet ||” tatraiva vāyavīye-‘svayaṃ kartumaśaktaścetkārayeta purodhasā || ' idaṃ ca sarvavarṇasādhāraṇam aviśeṣāt || yattu kaścinmahokṣa āha-śūdrasya brāhmaṇādireva pratinidhiyukto na śūdraḥ “japastapastīrthasevā pravrajyā mantrasādhanam | vipraiḥ saṃpāditaṃ yasya saṃpannaṃ tasya tatphalam || ” iti marīcivacanād iti || tantuccham | pravrajyādīnāṃ śūdre'saṃbhavāt ‘viṣaye ### [2.p3.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.26) prāyadarśanād ' iti nyāyenāsya brāhmaṇādigocaratvāt || yadapi-'upavāso vrataṃ homastīrthasnānajapādikam ' iti pūrvārddhe pāṭhastadāpi sa eva doṣaḥ 'strīśūdrapatanāni ṣaḍ' iti mānavīye japaniṣedhāt “brāhmaṇo hīnavarṇasya yaḥ kuryātkarma kiṃcana | sa tāṃ jātimavāpnoti iha loke paratra ca ||” iti kālahemādrau marīciniṣedhāṃcca || vastutastu | saṃpūrṇatāvācanamātramatrocyata iti pratinidheḥ kā vārtetyalam || atra viśeṣamāha trikāṇḍamaṇḍanaḥ-“kāmye pratinidhirnāsti nitye naimittike ca saḥ | kāmye'pyupakramādūrdhvaṃ kecitpratinidhiṃ viduḥ || na syātpratinidhirmantrasvāmidevāgnikarmasu | sa deśakālayornāsti nāraṇeragniraiva sā || nāpi pratinidhātavyaṃ niṣiddhaṃ vastu kutrācit || ” hiraṇyakeśisūtrepi-“na svāmitvasya bhāryāyāḥ putrasya deśasya kālasyāgnerdevatāyāḥ karmaṇaḥ śabdasya ca pratinidhirvidyate ” iti || atha vratādisaṃnipāte nirṇayaḥ | tatra tithiyasaṃnipāte tatroktaṃ dānahomādikrameṇānuṣṭheyam | avirodhāt || idaṃ pūrvārebdheṣveva || ekamadhyenyakāmyakarmārambhastu na bhavatyeva guṇaphalāhate-‘yasya yajñe pratatentarā yajñastāyate taṃ yajñaṃ nirṛtirgṛhṇāti' iti rāṇakadhṛtaśruteḥ | yajñaḥ vratādikarmamātram | anaṅgena vyavadhānadoṣasya sarvatra sāmyāt śiṣṭāstu māghakārtikasnānādimadhye lakṣahomatulābhārataśravaṇādyācaranti tannityamadhye, na tu kāmyamadhye yatra tu naktaikabhaktādau virodhastatra prāthamyādekabhaktaṃ kāryam | naktaṃ tu paredyustattithau gauṇakāle kāryam | samakālīnaviruddhavratādau tvekaṃ svayaṃ kṛtvānyadbhāryādinā kārayediti ### [2.p3.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3.27) mādhavaḥ || yatra tu śivarātryādau tithimadhye pāraṇā'hni bhojanaṃ prāptam | “bhūtāṣṭamyordivā bhuktvā rātrau bhuktvā ca parvaṇi | ekādaśyāmahorātraṃ bhuktvā cāndrāyaṇaṃ caret||” iti tanniṣedhaśca || tatra pāraṇāyā vaidhaitvādahraiva bhojanam | niṣedhastu rāgaprāptabhojanaviṣayaḥ | evamaṣṭamyādinaktavrate saṃkrāntyādau ravau saṃkaṣṭacaturthyāḥ ca rātrau bhojanam yatra tvaṣṭamyādau divābhujiniṣedhaḥ, saṃkrame ca rātrāviti niṣedhadvayam || tatropavāsa eva kāryaḥ || yadyapi putriṇa upavāso niṣiddhaḥ | tathāpi ‘upavāsaniṣedhe tu bhakṣyaṃ kiñcitmakalpayet' iti vacanātkiñcidbhakṣayitvopavāsaḥ kāryaḥ || cāndrāyaṇamadhye ekādaśyādau tu bhojanaṃ kāryameva | cāndrāyaṇasya kāmyatvena nityabādhakatvāt | abādhena gatyasambhavācca || ekādaśyāmekāntaropavāsādipāraṇāyāṃ jalapāraṇāṃ kṛtvopavaset 'āpo vā aśitamanaśitaṃ ca' iti śruteḥ || evaṃ dvādaśyāṃ māsopavāsaśrāddhapradoṣādiṣu jñeyam evaṃ kāmyanaimittikanityatvādikṛtaṃ valābalaṃ svayamūhyāmiti dik || iti kamalākarabhaṭṭakṛte nirṇayasindhau vrataparibhāṣā samāptā ## Linked texts (17) - [Satyavratasmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.uddhrta.satyavratasmrti*fragments.1.9) — Sanskrit - [Vārāhītantra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.general.sakta.varahitantra.7.22) — Sanskrit - [Devalasmṛti (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.10) — Sanskrit - [Paiṭhīnasidharmasūtra (fragments)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.paithinasi*fragments.5.6) — Sanskrit - [Kālikāpurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.sakta.kalika.3.3307) — Sanskrit - [Hiraṇyakeśiśrautasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.srauta.hiranyakesi.3.1.1.ab) — Hiraṇyakeśin, Sanskrit - [Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.markandeya.16.63) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Pratāpārka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.prataparka.1.p582) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa 1766, Sanskrit - [Jayasīṃhakalpadruma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.jayasimhakalpadruma.1.p11.7) — Ratnākara 1688, Sanskrit - [Smṛtyarthasāgara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.daksinatya.smrtyarthasagara.1.p19) — Chalāri Nṛsiṃha, Sanskrit - [Jyotirnibandha (ed. Raṅganātha Śāstrī Vaidya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.jyotisa.jyotirnibandha*vaidya1919.79.1-2) — Sanskrit - [Gadādharapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.gadadharapaddhati.3.p5) — Gadādhara Rājaguru 1725, Sanskrit - [Kālatattvavivecana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalatattvavivecana.6.p105) — Raghunātha Vājapeyin 1595, Sanskrit - [Kālasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.muhurta.kala.kalasara.5.p18) — Nārāyaṇa Jyotirvit, Sanskrit - [Kālasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalasara.5.p18) — Gadādhara (Pāraskara commentator), Sanskrit - [Kṛtyamahārṇava](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.krtyamaharnava.1.p136) — Vācaspatimiśra, Sanskrit - [Laghusaṅgraha (Giridhara Paṇḍita)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.hora.laghusangraha.3.72) — Giridhara Paṇḍita, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.p3) · Pramāṇa