[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Minor extant smṛtis](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti) › [Devalasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala) › [The old Devala law-book — fragments](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments) › 1 # The Law Code of Devala 1: Śaucam ācāraś ca Devalasmṛti (fragments) 1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### Śaucam ācāraś ca ### [1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.1) prathamaṃ prāṅmukhaḥ sthitvā pādau prakṣālayec chanaiḥ | udaṅmukho vā daivatye paitṛke dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ || śikhāṃ baddhvā vasitvā dve nirṇikte vāsasī śubhe | tūṣṇīṃ bhūtvā samādhāya nodgacchan na vilokayan > Having approached Devala, best of sages, / who was seated comfortably on the bank of the Indus, all the sages spoke these words: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > First, facing east, he should wash his feet slowly — facing north for a rite to the gods, south for one to the ancestors; having tied his top-knot and put on two clean washed garments, silent and composed, (he should sip water,) not rising and not looking about. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.2) sadaivodaṅmukhaḥ prātaḥ sāyāhne dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ | viṇmūtram utsṛjen nityaṃ saṃdhyāsu parivarjayet > In the morning he should always void excrement and urine facing north, in the evening facing south; at the twilights he should avoid it. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.3) vāpīkūpanadīgoṣṭhacaityāmbhaḥpathibhasmasu | agnau kāmye śmaśāne ca viṇmūtraṃ na samācaret > Not in a pond, well or river, a cow-pen, a shrine, water, a road or ashes, in fire, a pleasant place or a cremation ground should he void excrement or urine. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.4) dharmavid dakṣiṇaṃ hastam adhaḥśauce na yojayet | tathā ca vāmahastena nābher ūrdhvaṃ na śodhayet > One who knows dharma should not use the right hand for cleaning below, nor clean above the navel with the left hand. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.5) retomūtraśakṛnmokṣe bhojane 'dhvapariśrame | śaucam evaṃvidhaṃ proktam īṣac cānyatra dṛśyate > Such purification is prescribed after discharging semen, urine or excrement, after eating and after the fatigue of a journey; elsewhere a lighter one is found. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.6) bhojane dantalagnāni nirhṛtyācamanaṃ caret | dantalagnam asaṃhāryaṃ lepaṃ manyeta dantavat || na tatra bahuśaḥ kuryād yatnam uddharaṇe punaḥ | bhavec cāśaucam atyantaṃ tṛṇavedhād vraṇe kṛte > After eating he should remove what sticks to the teeth and then sip water; what sticks to the teeth and cannot be removed he should regard like the teeth themselves. He should not try too often to remove it, for if a wound is made by pricking with a straw there is great impurity. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.7) ūrṇākauśeyakutapapaṭṭakṣaumadukūlajāḥ | alpaśaucā bhavanty ete śoṣaṇaprokṣaṇādibhiḥ > Woollen, silk, goat-hair, patterned silk, linen and fine cloth need little purification: by drying, sprinkling and the like. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.8) svayaṃ dhautena kartavyā kriyā dharmyā vipaścitā | na tu nejakadhautena nāhatena ca karhicit > A wise man should perform a religious rite in a garment washed by himself, never in one washed by a washerman, nor in an unwashed new one. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.9) saṃspṛśyāśucisaṃspṛṣṭaṃ dvitīyaṃ vāpi mānavaḥ | hastau pādau ca toyena prakṣālyācamya śudhyati > A man who touches one who has touched an impure person, or a second (in the chain), is purified by washing hands and feet with water and sipping. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.10) mānuṣāsthiṃ vasāṃ viṣṭhām ārtavaṃ mūtraretasī | majjānaṃ śoṇitaṃ vāpi parasya yadi saṃspṛśet || snātvā pramṛjya lepādīn ācamya sa śucir bhavet | tāny eva svāni saṃspṛśya pūtaḥ syāt parimārjanāt > If one touches another's human bone, fat, excrement, menstrual blood, urine, semen, marrow or blood, he becomes pure by bathing, wiping off the stains and sipping; touching his own, he is purified by wiping. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.11) śvapākaṃ patitaṃ vyaṅgam unmattaṃ śavahārakam | sūtikāṃ sāvikāṃ nārīṃ rajasā ca pariplutām || śvakukkuṭavarāhāṃś ca grāmyān saṃspṛśya mānavaḥ | sacailaṃ saśiraḥ snātvā tadānīm eva śudhyati > Having touched a Śvapāka, an outcaste, a cripple, a madman, a corpse-bearer, a woman who has given birth, a midwife, a menstruating woman, or village dogs, cocks and pigs, a man is purified at once by bathing with his clothes and head. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.12) avigandhā rasopetā nirmalāḥ pṛthivīgatāḥ | akṣīṇāś caiva goḥ pānād āpaḥ śuddhatarāḥ smṛtāḥ || uddhṛtā vā praśasyante śuddhaiḥ pātrair yathāvidhi | ekarātroṣitās tās tu tyajed āpaḥ samuddhṛtāḥ > Water on the ground that does not smell, has taste, is clear and is not exhausted by a cow's drinking is held the purest; or water drawn duly in pure vessels is praised; but water drawn and kept overnight one should throw away. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.13) klinnaṃ bhinnaṃ śavaṃ caiva kūpasthaṃ yadi dṛśyate | payaḥ pibet trirātraṃ tu mānuṣe triguṇaṃ bhavet || caṇḍālakūpabhāṇḍasthaṃ yas tu kāmāj jalaṃ pibet | caret sāntapanaṃ vipraḥ śudhyen mohāt trirātrataḥ > If a putrid or burst corpse is seen in a well (after drinking from it), one should drink milk for three days; for a human corpse three times as much. A Brahmin who knowingly drinks water from a Caṇḍāla's well or vessel should perform the Sāntapana; if by mistake he is purified in three days. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.14) pañcadhā vā caturdhā vā bhūr amedhyā viśudhyati | duṣṭā dvidhā tridhā vāpi śodhyate malinaikadhā || dahanaṃ khananaṃ bhūmer upalepanavāpanam | parjanyamārjanaṃ veti śaucaṃ pañcavidhaṃ smṛtam > Impure ground is purified in five or four ways, defiled ground in two or three, soiled ground in one. Burning, digging, smearing, sowing and washing by rain: these are the five kinds of purification of the ground. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.15) yatra prasūyate nārī mriyate dahyate 'pi vā | caṇḍālādhyuṣitaṃ yatra yatra viṣṭhādisaṃgatiḥ || evaṃ kaśmalabhūyiṣṭhā bhūr amedhyā prakīrtitā > Where a woman gives birth, where someone dies or is burnt, where Caṇḍālas have lived, where there is excrement and the like: such ground, full of filth, is called impure. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.16) ātmānaṃ na śaped roṣān nīrujo na svaped divā | na nakhair vilikhed bhūmiṃ gāṃś ca rātrau na saṃviśet || na nadīṣu nadīṃ brūyāt parvateṣu ca parvatam | nānyat praśaṃset tatrasthas tīrtheṣv āyataneṣu ca > He should not curse himself in anger, nor sleep by day when healthy, nor scratch the ground with his nails, nor lie down among cows at night; he should not speak of another river at a river, of another mountain on a mountain, nor praise another (place) when at a holy ford or shrine. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.17) asteyam agnaye kāṣṭham asteyaṃ paśave tṛṇam | asteyaṃ phalam āraṇyam asteyaṃ pārthivaṃ jalam > Wood for the fire is not theft, grass for cattle is not theft, wild fruit is not theft, water from the ground is not theft. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.18) anṛtaṃ dvividham asatyaṃ visaṃvādaś ceti | tantradṛṣṭaśrutakṛtānām anyathā vacanam asatyam | prāgabhyupagatānām asaṃkīrtanaṃ visaṃvādaḥ > Untruth is of two kinds, falsehood and breach of word: stating otherwise what one has learnt, seen, heard or done is falsehood; not acknowledging what one has earlier agreed to is breach of word. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.19) pitaraṃ bhrātaraṃ putraṃ putrikāṃ bhaginīṃ snuṣām | na tyajed dveṣalobhābhyāṃ dārān apatitān api || mātṛtyāgo hi śāstreṣu nopadiṣṭaḥ kathaṃcana | patitā vābhiśastā vā mātā na tyāgam arhati > One should not, from hatred or greed, abandon father, brother, son, daughter, sister, daughter-in-law, or a wife who has not fallen. The abandonment of a mother is nowhere taught in the treatises: even fallen or accused, a mother does not deserve to be abandoned. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.20) dvividho gṛhastho yāyāvaraḥ śālīnaś ca | tayor yāyāvaraḥ pravaro yājanādhyāpanapratigraharikthasaṃcayavarjanāt | ṣaṭkarmādhiṣṭhitaḥ preṣyacatuṣpadagṛhagrāmadhanadhānyayukto lokānuvartī śālīnaḥ > The householder is of two kinds, the wanderer and the settled; of these the wanderer is superior, because he avoids officiating, teaching, accepting gifts and hoarding wealth; the settled one keeps to the six works, has servants, cattle, a house, village, wealth and grain, and follows the world. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.21) mātraś ca brāhmaṇaś caiva śrotriyaś ca tataḥ paraḥ | anūcānas tathā bhrūṇa ṛṣikalpa ṛṣir muniḥ || ity ete 'ṣṭau samuddiṣṭā brāhmaṇāḥ prathamaṃ śrutau | teṣāṃ paraḥ paraḥ śreṣṭho vidyāvṛttaviśeṣataḥ > The Brahmin by birth only, the Brahmin, the learned one, the expounder, the bhrūṇa, the one like a seer, the seer and the sage: these eight kinds of Brahmin are declared in the Veda; each later one is better than the former by distinction of learning and conduct. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1.22) cikitsāṃ jyotiṣaṃ rūpaṃ śakaṭaṃ tilapīḍanam | surāṃ tulāṃ ca nājīvet putrācāryatvam eva ca || lākṣāmāñjiṣṭhamāṃsāni madhulohaviṣāṇi ca | ajīvan vṛṣalo 'py āryaḥ karmaṇā tena varjitaḥ > He should not live by medicine, astrology, acting, carting, oil-pressing, liquor, scales, or by being his son's teacher; nor by lac, madder, meat, honey, metal or poison; by such work even an Ārya becomes a Vṛṣala. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (2) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments~en-mt.1.1) — English, machine translation - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala~en-mt.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (28) - [Mitākṣarā (Ṛjumitākṣarā)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.yajnavalkya!mitaksara.1.8.25) — Vijñāneśvara, Sanskrit - [Ācāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara) - [Mahānibandha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha) - [Kṛtyakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.krtyakalpataru.1.p458) — Lakṣmīdhara Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Madanapārijāta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.madanaparijata.1.31.p1.16) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Smṛtiratnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.smrtiratnakara.2.p3.3) — Veṅkaṭanātha, Sanskrit - [Gṛhastharatnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.ahnika.grhastharatnakara.11.p5) — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit - [Ācārasāra (Gadādhara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.acarasara-gadadhara.1.p100) — Gadādhara (Pāraskara commentator), Sanskrit - [Nityācārapradīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.ahnika.nityacarapradipa.1.p642) — Narasiṃha Vājapeyin, Sanskrit - [Śuddhikaumudī (Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇācārya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.asauca.suddhi.suddhikaumudi.5.p231) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇācārya 1510, Sanskrit - [Āhnikaprakāśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.ahnika.ahnikaprakasa.1.p46) — Mitramiśra, Sanskrit - [Ācārādarśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.acaradarsa.p3) — Gaurīpati or Gaurīśa 1615, Sanskrit - [Bhagavantabhāskara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.bhagavantabhaskara.9.p2) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1625, Sanskrit - [Smṛticandrikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrticandrika.31.p235) — Devaṇṇabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Anūpavilāsa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.anupavilasa.7.21) — Maṇirāma 1665, Sanskrit - [Gūḍhārthadīpikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.gudharthadipika.2.p425) — Vāmadeva, Sanskrit - [Cakranārāyaṇīyanibandha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.cakranarayaniyanibandha.2.p74) — Viśvambharatrivedin 1600, Sanskrit - [Ācārendu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.acarendu.2.p16) — Tryambaka Māṭe 1813, Sanskrit - [Varṣakriyākaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.varsakriyakaumudi.2.p2) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇa 1510, Sanskrit - [Dānasāgara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.danasagara.5.26) — Ballālasena, Sanskrit - [Caturvargacintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.caturvargacintamani.1.p49) — Hemādri, Sanskrit - [Kriyākaumudī (Govindānanda)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.kriyakaumudi.7.p16) — Govindānanda 1500, Sanskrit - [Vidhānapārijāta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.vidhanaparijata.2.p72) — Ananta Bhaṭṭa 1600, Sanskrit - [Ācārabhūṣaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.acarabhusana.12.p1.6) — Tryambaka rāma oka 1794, Sanskrit - [Gobhilagṛhyasūtrabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.grhya.gobhila!bhattanarayana.6.5) — Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa (Gobhila commentator), Sanskrit - [Śūdrācāraśiromaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.sudradharma.sudracarasiromani.2.p12) — Kṛṣṇaśeṣa 1520, Sanskrit - [Smṛtiviveka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtiviveka.15.10) — Śūlapāṇi, Sanskrit - [Nṛsiṃhaprasāda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.nrsimhaprasada.p108) — Dalapatirāja 1511, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.1) · Pramāṇa